bP^ZkbPTkkYTk HkCkkkQkvTk l^k@lFkPv TkkKAvbYkTk~ ekkTkkkAnTP\kYk~, kkvVvbk@~^kpkkTPh, bkgbApPl^kHkZkh, CkUkvPl^k\kkbkh,

kkFkkZkrCkpcmZk^kkPkr,XkkakOkkXZkkbkh, ZkolTk^ksbkKmFkl@PYk~, P^kWk|^kwXk^kYk~, Ykvl@AkYkkwN\km\kk, SkoPrCkpcmPbkkTkRn@^kbQkk, ^kkbPl^kAYk~

Fk- ZkvPv .AkRk l^kakZkkh bkTP Zkvakn, bkgbApPklXkYkkTkkv Tk UZkkrkh
bkgbApPklXk^kpZkv lP l^k^kvlAHkTkl^kekkPg ^kbPn bkgXkkakOkCkPklXkk~
FkFkkrlXkh bVnKmApPYk~
Astavyastam is a humorous drama

bP^ZkbPYk~
TkkKAYk~

.bk~HkCkTTkkQkh

in

Saskta, authored by S.Jagannatha. This work is on

suggestions to promote Saskta in eleven sections.
Massage of the drama is very simple : Devotion (without knowledge) of Saskta leads us to silly and
childish conclusions. We have to study Saskta earnestly and, create books of Shitya or/plus stra in
Saskta itself.

TPHkkr\kYk~
2013

TPHkkr\kYk~
2013

Astavyastam, a drama in Saskta on suggestions to pro-

lkk ^kkFkh

mote Saskta.
Author: S.Jagannatha, free thinker.
Type setting, coverpage design and lay out : Author
S.Jagannatha.

First edition : 2011

Second (Internet) edition : 2013
All rights are reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or
mechanical, including photocopy, recording or any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the
author. Those who are interested in staging this drama may kindly
contact the author.

Email: jgrantha@gmail.com
Mobile: 9972016425
Price: Rs.50/-

Published at:
Internet

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l^kakZkkTknYklOkAk
1.ekkTkkkAnTP\kYk~.......................................................5
2.kkvVv bk@~^kpkkTPh........................................................7
3.bkgbApPl^kHkZkh........................................................12
4.CkUkvPl^k\kkbkh......................................................17
5.kkFkkZkrCkpcmZk^kkPkr......................................................21
6.XkkakOkkXZkkbkh............................................................26
7.ZkolTk^ksbkKmFkl@PYk~.......................................................31
8.P^kWk|^kwXk^kYk~......................................................34
9.Ykvl@AkYkkwN\km\kk.................................................36
10.SkoPCr kpcmPbkkTkRn@^kbQkk..............................................45
11.^kkbPl^kAYk~............................................................49

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

bP^ZkbPYk~
1.ekkTkkkAnTP\kYk~
(TkvUQZkv )
bZkkgTbmK~\kkEvC^kHkvTk bZkkP~ zA Ckm^kkrOkXkkakZkklU Fk lAYk~
bkgbApPXkkakkZkkg Tkp^Zk^kckZkkrZkkg l^k@kHkYkkTkkZkkYk~
(TkkT<TPv PPh kl^kklP ^kvkSkk@h)
^kvkSkk@h-kekkkvbYk b^kPTkXkk@Pv ^kPrYkkTkwWknrlYklTkkrCk@AwZkrQkk
TkoPTkg lAYklU ^kbPnHkkPYklSkApZk l^k@lFkPg TkkKAYklXkTkvP^ZklYklP
PbYkklRRkTk{ TkkTkkCk|TQkkTk~ @FklZkkk Ykwbko@^kmZkvTk HkCkkkQkvTk
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CkplcOkmYk~(TkvUQZkklXkYknBkYk^k\kkvZk) kZkvr, PbPk^kP~
(kl^kZk)
DkKm-kZkr, ZkYkbYk
^kvkSkk@h-(bkkvSkg) kZkv,r ^kZkk Pn kkApPg kZkkvP^ZkYk~zA l^kbYk@lbk
TkkKAklXkTkZkl^kSkmTk~ ?
DkKm(b^kCkPg)-cg kkApPg Tk HkkTkklYkzA A@^kklOk ?(bkbYk@OkklXkTkZkg)
cTP, bYkpP^kZkbYkmRkTkkYk~HkCkTTkkQkvTk @lFkPk HkkCkTTkkQkkkApPTkkYTkm ^kPrPv AklU Xkkakkbkk Fk YkZkk Uo^krYkv^kkSkmPk,HkkCkTTkkQkkkApP-lM\kkvYkk-bksKlVAvK~ lU \kWSkYk~SknTkk PZkw^k XkkakZkk
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^kvkSkk@h-XZkoPkg AFkTk kbkE*hekkTkkkAnTP\klYklP TkkKAYk~
5

bP^ZkbPg TkkYk TkkKAYk~

Pk Rn@TPkv TkkZkAh AnTP\kk Fk TkklZkAkAnTP\kZkk YkRTk\kvBkkv
@FZkPv Rn@TPg klP kvaZkPv FkAnTP\kZkk Rn@TPg klP AmRpkg YkRTk\kvBkg
@lFkP^kZkk Xkk^ZklYkZkXZko, ^kYkSknTkk AYklU YkRTk\kvBkg IklKlP
A^kZk
DkKm-HkLkDOkkVIklL Grh(ZkQkkekkUZkZkkZkrh)
QknbPv LlIk NGg YOcv XkvDkkM~ lBk] L]L]kZcLv UmQIkk
Bkkvlak Lg WkTk U]oBkkvaZkL ]k ]kC\k l^kCDkOkBkMONkv
(Rpv ^klZk RZkg Ykv ^kvCkkP~ lA\k Qk@Qk@kZkPv XkmZkk
Akvlbk ^kg XkOk XkoAkvbZkQk ^kk ^ZkkDk| Ck|TkBkRTPh )
^kvkSkk@h-(TkvUQZkg RpaKk )Zkv, kkvVvbk@~ PQkk MkK@vK~ UR^Zkw
@mbkFkr~lTk@Ph Vv\kkv Fk-Xkk^klU P .^kklXk^kPvrPvPTTk
bkkgkPYkk^kZkkv@k bQkkPnYk~PRvlc, CkFGk^kh

ZkekkTkkkAnTP\kYk~

2.kkvVvbk@~^kpkkTPh
(PPh kl^kklP kkvVvbk@~, MkK@vK~ UR^Zkw @mbkFkr~lTk@Ph Vv\kkv Fk)
@mbkFkr~Vv\kkv-bk@~, h YkYk bkBkk AJFkTk bkgkkvSkTkkWkTSkg AnkklU
ZkolTk^ksbkKkg kAlKPg kkRkrZkP~
kkvVvbk@~-Pk zA \kkE~C^kvHk~ kbkmP~ ?
@mbkFkr~Vv\kkv-bZkkgTbmK~\kkE~C^kvHk~
kkvVvbk@~(bklP@bAk@g)-zA, zA bZkkgTbmK~\kkE~C^kvlHklP ?
@mbkFkr~rVv\kkv-Qk lAYk~
kkvVvbk@~-bZkkgTbmK~\kkE~C^kvHkv @lFkPkTkkg kWkTSkkTkkYk~ OK@~-TZkkakTk\k~VvYk~ .OM~ TkvYk~ Tkw^k bkvbZklPPbYkkP~ bZkkgTbmK~@mbkFkr~Qkmbkmbk~ \kvBkTkg
bZkkgTbmK~\kkE~C^kvHkvTk ZkP~ ApPg, Pk bkYkmFkmTkYk~
@mbkFkr~Vv\kkv-bYkklXk@v^k l^k@lFkPvakn kWkTSkvakn bZkkgTbmK~\kkE~C^kvHkvTk
@lFkPkTkkg @mbkFkr~kWkTSkCkP^kkZkkTkkYknvBkv, bkckZkACk|TQkUlAkZkkg
Fk TkkYklTkRvrkv ApPv OK@~TZkkakTk\k~ TkvYk~ .OM~ VvYk~ Xkl^kaZkZkv^k
kkvVvbk@~-PTTkw^k A@OkmZkYk~kQkYkPkv ZkvTk AvTkklU Vkl@Tk~ bAk\k@vOk
bZkkgTbmK~\kkE~Ck^kvHk~kWkTSkkv aK^ZkhPPh bk kWkTSkh Vkl@Tk~bAk\kbkrbZkklU bPnZkkh UkkYkvak kWkTSkhlP AmZkrPkYkkbYkkAmTkwh
bAk\k@whPvTk AkvlU Rkvakkv Tk Xkl^kaZklP
@mbkFkr~Vv\kkv-ZklR bk kWkTSkkv l^kakZkvOk UoOkrh, kRk^kbPnl^kYkkvrTk Fk
Xkl@Ph, mZkPkg bk Ck|TQkh, ULPkg, b^kmlZkTPkg bkkZkkvHkTkk
gkkh,lZkPkg Fk PvakkYknvBkbPFklZkPnTkkrYkkvvBkUn@hbk@Yk~
bYkklXk@v^k kQkYkYk~ Akvk Rkvakh ?
7

bP^ZkbPg TkkYk TkkKAYk~

bP^ZkbPg TkkYk TkkKAYk~

kkvVvbk@~-.^kg A@Okg Tk^ZkbkgkRkZkl^kYk~

@mbkFkr~Vv\kkv-lAlYklP lAlYklP ?
kkvVvbk@~-.^kg A@Okg Tk^ZkbkgkRkZkl^kYk~
@mbkFkr~Vv\kkv-AkvZkg Tk^ZkbkgkRkZkh ?
kkvVv bk@~-l^k ck^k~ Kn kkvMobk~ ^kbkr~ Tk~ E~C\kmak~ .OM~ TkkK~ bZkkgTbmK~
ZkYkv^k Tk^ZkbkgkRkZkhUn@kOklYkZkv^k Tk bkkSkn bk^krYk~ ZknPkAk@vOk
ZkR~ ZkP~ Un@kPTkAkl\kAYkkbkmP~ PP~ PP~ bk^krYkbkgWkYk~Akl\kRkbkvTk
ZkP~ bZkkgTbmK~\kkE~C^kvHkv lXkekkTkkkAnTP\kg kOkmPg PTTk Rkvakk^kcYk~
lWkAkbk~ Rv@~ ^k@~ Tkkv lWk|lKak~ Tk~ lcbk~ KwYk~bkkv lc AvTkkK~ lWk ATbkMMr~
.kbk~ U@kSkmQk^kk, Uo^krAkl\kAbZk PbZk ^k@kAbZk dkYZkPkYkvA
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bkkSkn bk^krYk~ lP UkvZkvK-~ bknXkklakPg HkkTkTPkvlU K}lv MakTk\k~-bAk\kbkkrh
bZkkgTbmK~-\kkE~C^kvHkvTk Ck|TQk@FkTkkg ZkRT^k^kPrZkTk~ PTTkoTkYkU@kSkkZk
@mbkFkr~Vv\kkv-bk@~, Un@kOklYkZkv^k Tk bkkSkn bk^krlYklP ^kkZkbZk Tk bkkvQkkvr
Zkkv Xk^kPk l^k^kpPhbkkSkn^kg Tk Un@kOk^kwAlTklYklP PRQkrhbkkSkn^kg
Tk^kmTkvlU ^kbPnlTk ^kPrPv, Un@kOkvlU ^kbPnlTk ^kPrPv bkkSkn^kg lRRpdklh
Av^k\kg bkkSkn^kg ^Zkg Tk UnTkh Un@kOk^klYklP PkkUZkrYk~lU Fk,
E~C\kmak~\kkE~C^kvHkv @lFkPkh bk^kvr kWkTSkk Tkw^kkvApkh kWkTSkCkPYknAp^kg TkvEC~ \kmak~\kkE~C^kvHk~Ap P^kUkv SkYkrhbk Pn l^kakZkl^kl^kSk^kl^k\kvakOkkTkvA^k-bknXn kkakk^k^k-bkgkkvSkTkkSkkTkklXkkkZk^k^kklRCkPkv
SkYkrhZklR E~C\kmak~-\kkE~C^kvHkvTk @lFkPkh kWkTSkkh SkYkk Xk^kTP,
Vkl@Tk~-bAk\kbkkrh PkTk~ lP@bAn^krTP, Tk UnTkl@E~C\kmak~\kkE~C^kvHkvTk
@lFkPkbP Zkv^k Ak@OkkP~ PkTk~ Un@bAn^krTP

kkvVvbk@~-(bkkvSkg) zA AQkbkvcg P^k kkvVvbk@~YkkYkv^k l^kOkbk ?

P^k l@lHkbK}vakTk~ ZkkTbk\k~ A@kvlYk
@mbkFkrV~ v \kkv-bk@~, bk@~, \kmbk~ PQkk Tk A@OkmZkYk~PQkk ApPv YkYk Ykck\kvkkv
Xk^klP
kkvVvbk@~-(bkkvkS^klTk bkk^kvkg)@v bKolUM~, Vo\k~, CkvK~ \kkbK~ Yk~ Ykw
bkwK~P^k l@lHkbK}vakTk~ WkkNg ZkkTbk\k~ A@kvlYkYkZkk ZkRnFZkPv Pkn
CkkbUv\k~-K}P~ lP ^kZkk Ck|cmP^ZkYk~ U@TPn ^kg TkkK~ kvlWklMZkOK~
P^k l@lHkbK}vakTk~ ZkkTbk\k~ Al@aZkkYZkv^k
l@bkFkr~Vv\kkv-bk@~, bk@~(lP AOkg ^kRTk~ lk@kv^kTkYkZZk Y\kkTk^kRTkkv
lTkakYklP)
kkvVvbk@~-(bkkvvCkg) ckV~ WkvATk~ kvTk~ ! Rw^kkRUbkpPh
(PPh kl^kklP Ckm^kkrOk^kkOkmXkPkvkYkh)
Ckm^kkXkPkvkYkh-bUp^kkTkbYk YkYk A@AYk\kZknCk\kvTk Xk^kPh UkRUnOM@mAZknCkYk~ Ank\km TkTkn Xk^kkTk~
kkvVvbk@~-CknM~ k$K@~TkoTk~ XkPkvkYk ! .vlccg Ank\km ^kYk~ ?
Ckm^kkXkPkvkYkh-cYklU Ank\kmYkZkk AklFkR~ ^kkPkr UlLPk Zkk
lRTkUlkAkZkkg kAlKPkPkg lTk^kvRlZkPnYkkkCkPkvbYk
kkvVvbk@~-(bkbYkPg)@v, YkYkklU CkpcYkkCkFGlP lRTkUlkAk kZkcYk~
TZkk,ULTkg AQkg A@OkmZklYklP HkkTkkYZkcYk~TZkFk YknBZkkv
l^kakZkhXkv lU YkYk Tkvkv bURpm
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lP UlkAk ^kRlP
kkvVvbk@~-(UnTkFk bkbYkPg)YkZkk Uo^krYkv^k AlQkPg ZkR~ lRTkUlkAkULTkRn@XZkkbkkv YkYkklU ^kPrP .^kvlPckg, YkZkklU UlLPw^k bkk ^kkPkrPPh

bP^ZkbPg TkkYk TkkKAYk~

bP^ZkbPg TkkYk TkkKAYk~

lAYk~ ?
Ckm^kkXkPkvkYkh-YkZkk k kCkFGPk UOMPkv Rph
kkvVvbk@~-UOMPkv Rph ? PbZk ^kkbPl^kAg TkkYk UOMP lP
bZkkP~bPn, ^kZkk ApPbZk UlkAkULTkbZk, YkSZkvYkkCk UOMPRkrTkbZk Fk Ah bkgWkTSkh ?
Ckm^kkXkPkvkYkh-@kvb\kkvOMkvTk~^kkPkr PbYkw kkl^kPk
kkvVvbk@~-(bkk^kekg) lAYkZkbkgWkg Hk\UP^kPk Xkk^Zkg PvTk
Ckm^kkXkPkvkYkh-kYk~PRv^k bkg^kpkYk~bk AQkZklP YkoBkrh- kZkcg
Xkk@PmZkk E~C\kmak~ XkkakkZkkg Ck|TQkkTk~ l\kBkTP, E~C\kmak~XkkakZkk
bkgXkkakTPv XkkakTPv FkPRnPlYklP AbYkklU Rvkv Tk Ul@CkOZkPv
U@TPn @kvb\kkvOMkvTk~Rvkv Av^k\kYkvAbZkkg kk\kkZkkg Rkl^k<ksQkXZkh
AFkTkkSZkkUAh AlPFkTk bkgbApPbknXkklakPklTk @kvb\kkvOMbk~XkkakZkk
UkLZkPmlP kn^kk lAYkQk Xkk@PmZkk TkPrTkYkkFk@TP ZkkRmZkklR
kkvVvbk@~-QkgXkoPRn\krdkOk .^k bkhkvkkZkkCkP^kkTkkbkmP~ bkgbApPCk|TQkvakn E~C\kmak~XkkakZkk UmlLAk lAYkQk @FZkPv, bkgbApPvTk @lFkPkTkkg
UmlLAkTkkg l^kakZkv lAYkQk ZkolTk^ksbkKmkkvVvbk@kh .AYkdk@YklU
Tkkvkk@ZkTPm lP Fk bkYWkg lAYkZkAQkZkP~
Ckm^kkXkPkvkYkh-Xk^kPk zA ApPYk~ ?
kkvVvbk@~-YkZkk ? YkZkk zA A@OkmZkYk~ ? YkYk AkZkkrTP@g ^kPrPv,
lbkUkv\kkZk~Rvkv bZkkgTbmK~-AkTk~Vv@vTbk~ Xk^klP, PRQk UvU@~
bkkmA@OkmZkg, PbYkkRTkTP@g ARkZkkCkYZkPkYk~ Zk^kkvFkYk~~
Ckm^kkXkPkvkYkh-zA bk IklKlP TZk^kPrP ?
kkvVvbk@~- AQkg lTk^kPrPkYk~ ? bk AmRpC^kSk lP ^kYklU HkkTkkbZkv^kbk
UnTkXkkrakOkg AnZklP- Pk bkgbApPXkkakZkw^k kWkTSkkv YkOMTkmZk

lPbZkkgTbmK~ lP bkYZkCknkk@Okg APnrYklU Tk kTkkvlP bk

dknAmKkv Zkh bkRk bkgbApPXkkakk Zkv^kkvkk@ZklP
Ckm^kkXkPkvkYkh-(b^kCkPg) ^kbPnPbPn bkgbApPXkkakvlP kWRkvlU Tk
kkbPhPkXk^kPm XkCk^kPm Ckw^kkrOkm ^kkOkm lP bkXkP
bkkR@g bkkg bkk^kvkg Fk ^kP^Zkv AkvZkgg bkgbApPXkkakvlP kWRkv
ZkkkR@CkTSkkvlU TkkbP ? Ckw^kkrOkmXkZkk^kvkklXkYkkTkbkgDk lPTkkYkk
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TkkYkvlP bk^krk l^k^kbYkTk~ HkTkPk ekkUTkmZkk
(ZknXkkw lTkakYkPh)

10

11

lP kkvVvbk@~^kpkkTPh

bP^ZkbPg TkkYk TkkKAYk~

(PPh kl^kklP Ckw^kkrOkm ^kkOkm bZkkgTbmK~\kkE~C^kvHk~ Fk)

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knZkkvbPkKE\km\kkg A\kZklP lTklBk\kg lTkYkr\kg kkbkHkk\kYk~
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TkoUn@lYkRg bkn^kOkrYkZkYk~PkKEh ATkAYkZkhlA@mKg Fk cvYkYkZkYk~
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Ckw^kkrOkm ^kkOkm-kZkvr ! TkYkkglbk XkoZkkglbklU Ank\kYkkZkkrZkkh ?
bZkkgTbmK~ \kkE~C^kvHk~-cYk~^kkK~ .WkkwK~ Zko ? ckw k@~ lR lQkE~Cbk~
CkvlE~Ck~ .\kkE*~ l^kP~ Zko ?
Ckw^kkrOkm ^kkOkm- cg, YkckXkk@h, kYkFk.PklTk ^kHk|kXk@OkklTk YkYk
Rvcv klk@hUkRg UmMkg HkTkZkTP
bZkkgTbmK~ \kkE~C^kvHk~-(^kCkOkZZk)^kv@~ k@~ Zko AlYkECk~ Yk~ ?

Ckw^kkrOkm ^kkOkm-l^k^kl^k<klTk\kZkPh ^kYk~ ?

bZkkgTbmK~ \kkE~C^kvHk~-ZkolTk^ksbkKm-lMUkKr~YkvOK~PhPk Ykkg kkvVvbk@kh
kkbkTPbZkkgTbmK~ rbk~ ^kvl@ ^kvl@ ^kv@m Ck|vK~ \kkE~C^kvHk~, lWkAkbk~,
Kmbk~ kwbM~ Wkw lR bAk\kbkr~ \kwA~ \kkvbMTk~, lWk@kTbAm .OM~ M}YkwHkvTk~
ZkklR ^kRTP
Ckw^kkrOkm ^kkOkm-\kkvbMTk~ lAYknP^kkTk~ ?
bZkkgTbmK~ \kkE~C^kvHk~-l^k^kbYkTk~ Ck|vK~ kkW\kYk~ TkkYk Tk Pn Kv@l@bkYk~,
TkklU knHk\kkXkk^khU@TPn bZkkgTbmK~ \kkE~C^kvHkbZk bKMm Zkk
l^kSkmZkPv PRv^k kkW\kYk~ lP l^k^kbZk l@Zk\k~ bkYkbZkkg RskP^kkTk~
Ckw^kkrOkm ^kkOkm-Qk lWk@kTbAm ?
bZkkgTbmK~ \kkE~C^kvHk~- ZklR bZkkgTbmK~ \kkE~C^kvHk~ .^k Ykvl@AkZkk
TZkkakTk\k~ \kkE~C^kvHk~ Xkl^kaZkP~, \kZkTbk~, KwCkbkr~, rCk\bk~ ZkklRakn
Hkml^kakn ZkR~ ^kZkkv\kvTbk~ ^kPrPvSknTkk PTTkw^kkXkl^kaZkP~ ZklXkkkZkg
kAlKP^kkTkbP
Ckw^kkrOkm ^kkOkm-Qk Fk M}YkwHkvTk~ ?
bZkkgTbmK~ \kkE~C^kvHk~-bkZkkYklU bZkkgTbmK~ \kkE~C^kvHkkBZkkZkkg XkkakkZkkg
lAYkQkrYkU@k Xkkakk HkkPk XkoYkOM\kvbYkTk~ ? lP bkkFkZk Up^kkTk~
Ckw^kkrOkm ^kkOkm-ckv @kvYkkJFkg HkTkZkTP bPnPZk Ykkh
bZkkgTbmK~ \kkE~C^kvHk~-TZkk YkZkk YknBZkYkv^k ^kbPn l^kbYkpPYk~
bZkkgTbmK~\kkE~C^kvHk~ kwbk~ AkYUlKakTk~Zkv^k lAJFkP~ AkYUKvakTk~
lU kZkkvlHkPYk~
Ckw^kkrOkm ^kkOkm-Pk lAYkXkoP~ ?
bZkkgTbmK~ \kkE~C^kvHk~-WkcnlXkh bKoMvOK~bkwh kkvVvbk@wFk YkYk kkgbkkU<klTk
UlLPklTk

12

13

3.bkgbApPl^kHkZkh

bP^ZkbPg TkkYk TkkKAYk~

bP^ZkbPg TkkYk TkkKAYk~

Ckw^kkrOkm ^kkOkm-.Ag U<g kk^kZk

bZkkgTbmK~ \kkE~C^kvHk~-^kYklbk bZkkgTbmK~ Ck|vK~ Ck|vK~ Ck|vK~
^kYklbk bZkkgTbmK~ CknM~, CknM~, CknM~
bZkkgTbmK~ \kkE~C^kvHk~ WkcnlR^Zkg
bZkkgTbmK~ \kkE~C^kvHk~ HkTkXk^ZkYk~
(lP YkOM\kmApPAUkv\kh AnJFkPATSk@Fk bYkPYkkPTkkvlP)
Ckw^kkrOkm ^kkOkm-YkYkklU kkgbkk .^kg lZkPvCkm^kkrOk^kkOkmlP URbZk YkZkwrkk@OkvTkw^k Xk^kkR~ l^kYknPh
kkbkkOZkTkvAklTk lTk@QkrAklTk ekkTkvTk cmTkw @lFkPklTk \kkvAv
(PPh kl^kklP bkgbApPXkkakk @E*bZk RldkOkUk^krPh)
(TkvUQZkv koZkPv U<Yk~)
UR^kkZkApPkAk@k kkbkbkklcZk^kkCXk@k
.lP bkgbApPXkkakvZkg YkTknHkw @lFkPk U@k
bkgbApPXkkakk-kZkr, RZkb^k kZkvr kkZkb^k Rkl@vOk RnCkrPkbYkkng
UkPng Fk lAYklU RmZkPkYk~
(lP .AbYkkRv^k Fkdknakh WkkaUg YknJFkTPm YkTRg YkTRg @kvlRlP)
bZkkgTbmK~ \kkE~C^kvHk~-^kkkvlU YkoNP@kg Tkkcg Rp^kkTk~@v YkoNv !
bk^kwbr P^k kkgbkk lZkPv^kZkk Pn ^kZkk Xkk^ZkYk~lAlYklP @kvlRlak
.AbYkkRv^k TkvkkP~ k^kkaUSkk@k ?
bkgbApPXkkakk-YkYk kkgbkk Pn Xkol@ lZkPv l^k^kl^k<klTk\kZkvaknU@TPn
YkYkkck@ .^k Tk RmZkPvcg dknSkZkk lUUkbkZkk Fk ApkAkZkk
\kTkklYk
bZkkgTbmK~ \kkE~C^kvHk~-Qk AmRpkYk~ kck@g ^kkJGlbk ^kYk~ ?
bkgbApPXkkakk-YkZkk Zkv Ck|TQkk l^k@lFkPkbPvakkg UmlLAkbkn bkgkkvSkTkkWkTSkvakn,

bkgkkvSkTkCk|TQkvakn Fk YkYkw^kkvUZkkvCkvTk WknXkndkk Ykv kkYZklPYkkYkv^kkvUZknHZk

U<-CkmP-AQkk-YkckAQkk-TkkKAklR-@FkTkZkk YkYk PpaOkk
kkYZklP
bZkkgTbmK~ \kkE~C^kvHk~-^kkK~, ^kkK~ ? l@lMZkn\kbk~ PYk~
Ckw^kkrOkm ^kkOkm-Qk lAYk~ ? ^kg lc YkoNklbkZkXZkPv PvTkw^kkvR@lTk^kkrch
A@OkmZkhUZk YkkYk~Av^k\kg kkgbkk^kkZkkTZkv^k XknTkHYkR@g
UoZkrPvAOLkvlU PpZklPk@kvCZk^kPm FkkbYk.AvTk Al^kTkkvFZkPvCkm^kkrOk^kkOkm bkA\kkvPYkkPk TZkvTkkvFZkPv Ckm^kkrOk^kkOkm
bkA\kkZkr^kT<k lPU@vOkkvFZkPv Ckm^kkrOk^kkOk{ YkTkbkk kOkkwlYk
lPU@vOk Fk FkPnQkrUkR QkEk@g UoZkrPv-Ckm^kkrOk^kkOk{ ^kFkbkk
bP^kmlYk PkvlU lAYkU@g ^kkJGTkmZkYk~ ? TZkRlSkAg ZklR
^kkJGPv PkTkZklP \kkvXkYk~PbYkkRv^k PkXk^kTPh bknXkklakPbkplU@YkvlTkh bkbkHknr@v^k bkRnURvkTkklYkYkkg-^kPrYkkTkvTk Ak\kvTk ^kPrZkTP
l^kFkdkOkk lP
bkgbApPXkkakk-Psc YkYk Hkm^kTkbZk zA kZkkvHkTkYk~ ?
bZkkgTbmK~ \kkE~C^kvHk~-UklbkKm^\km Rv@~ rbk~ . Zkobk~ZkQkk-bZkkgTbmK~
VvbK^k\bkn YkZkk P^k kkgbkk lZkPv- bZkkgTbmK~ rbk~ . AwOM~ kV~
Ykk^kvr\k~ lPZklR ^kg Hkm^kTPm bkPm bkXkkbkRkg YkSZkv Ul^kklbk,
ZkbZkkh kwbk~ lZkPv XkkakkZkkh, bkk SknTkklU Hkm^klP, bYkkAYkv^k
YkSZkv Ul^kk Fk lP ^kRTPkv bkRbZkk ^ZkkRkkbZkkh bkTPh U@bU@vOk
RTPkTk~ kRkrZkTPvPvakkg RTPkTk~ RpaKk P^kklU bkgPkvakkv HkkZkPvP^k
Hkm^kTkbZk YkclRRg kZkkvHkTkYk~
Ckw^kkrOkm ^kkOkm-YkZkklU Fk Ckm^kkrOk^kkOkmlPkWRk^kOkkTknURYk~
TknXkoZkYkkTk@kvYkkJFk^kg YkTknaZk^kYk~ lP YkTknaZk^kg \kdkZkTZkk,

14

15

bP^ZkbPg TkkYk TkkKAYk~

TkTknXkoZkYkkTk@kvYkkJFkvakn HkTkvakn YkTknaZk^kUbZk SkYkrbZkkZkTPkXkk^kh
bkkSZkPv
bZkkgTbmK~ \kkE~C^kvHk~- Zkvbk~,akm rbk~ A@vK~RvTk~, ^kg bkXkkbklh bkkAg
\Zkkbk~ An
Ckw^kkrOkm ^kkOkm-kYk~bkZkYk~PRv^k YkYkklU l^k^kldkPYk~P^k A@Zkg
Pn ^kPrP .^kA@ZkkvDkrTkvTk Pkl\kAkYkk@WSkng ^kZkk ^kZkg
Hkm^kP^ZkYk~Zk<lU, bkZklU P^k Yk@Okv TZkv bkXkkbkRh A@Pkl\kAkg
AnZknr@v^k PQkklU, ^kg Hkm^kTPm bkPm b^kZkg ZklR A@Pkl\kAkg A@kvlak,
YkckUl@XkkvCkh
bkgbApPXkkakk-@v YkoBkrlkBkkYkOkm, ^kkbPl^kAg bkgbApP^kg YkZZkv^k ^kPrP,v
Tk Pn Zkn^kZkkvhZkn^kkg Pn TkkKAUKo
bZkkgTbmK~ \kkE~C^kvHk~, Ckw^kkrOkm ^kkOkm Fk(bkkvSkg)-zA zA Wknlbk ?
(lP ROMkROM, AFkkAlFk Fk kk@XkvPvlTkZknv bkgbApPXkkakk
bZkkgTbmK~\kkE~C^kvHkg Ckw^kkrOk{ ^kkOk{ Fk U@kXkk^kZklP
Pv lTkakYkPh)

lP bkgbApPl^kHkZkh

16

4.CkUkvPl^k\kkbkh
(PPh kl^kklP ApPZknCk^kkRm)
ApPZknCk^kkRm-(bkkYkklXkTkZkg)bk~, bk~Al\kZknCkg, Al\kZknCkYk~
bkgbApPXkkakk-kZkr, lAYkXkoP~ ? Akvlbk ^kYk~ ? lAYkUvdkbkv ?
ApPZknCk^kkRm-YkYk TkkYk ApPZknCk^kkRmYkYk AvFkTkkTknXk^kkh bkgXkkakOkvTk
kAkkTkmZkk lP cvPkvh kZkTkkTk~ Wkcnl^kSkkTk~ A@kvlYkU@TPn AkvlU
Ykkg kk TkkvU\kXZkPvZklR Fk ARklFkRnU\kXZkPv YkYk XkkakOkYk~
kbkYkklk Tk kpOkkvlP
bkgbApPXkkakk-cg kpOkkvlYkkk^ZkPkYk~
ApPZknCk^kkRm-YkYk klUPkYkckv Ykck@kHkvTbZk kbQkkTkv ^ZkkA@Okl^kkTk~
kbkmP~PbZk kklUPkYkckv Ykck@kHkvTYkckCkHkvTbZk bkXkkAl^k@kbkmP~ PbZk kkklUPkYkckv Ykck@kHkvTYkckCkHkvTYkckWkmHkvTvOk
kZkcg bUpUkRUnaA@Hkh bkTk~ @kvlRlP bYk
bkgbApPXkkakk-(bkkFkZk bkbYkPg Fk )zA zA @kvlRlP bYkvlP ?
ApPZknCk^kkRm-Qk lAYk~ ? PvTkw^k @kvRTkAk@OkYkv^kg AlQkPYk~-SknTkk
Al\kZknCkbZkk@YXkhAJFkP~ Ak\kg AQkJFkP~ Ul@bQkPmsTk^kkvrNng
kZkPvU@TPn PRTkTP@g Al\kZknCkg kWk\kmXk^klPPPh zA An^krTPn
^k@kAk bYkUkwkkUkwkkRZkh lP
bkgbApPXkkakk-Al\kZknCklYklP ? lATTkkYkvRYk~ ?
ApPZknCk^kkRm-SknTkk bk^krkklU Ck|TQkkTkkg YknOkg ZkP~ lZkPv kAkZkPv
Fk,PRv^k Al\kZknCklYkZknFZkPv ApPZknCkv Pn bk^kwrh Pk\kUkvakn l\kBZkPv
bYkAl\kZknCkg kk@WSkg, YknOkg kAkkTklYkZkklRAg lAYklU lAYk17

bP^ZkbPg TkkYk TkkKAYk~

bP^ZkbPg TkkYk TkkKAYk~

ZkbkgWkg ckbZkkbURg Fk kk@WSkYk~ Uo^k YkYk lUPkYkcbZk Ckpcv

AkvKlSkAk Ck|TQkk kbkTk~ Zkv Pk\kUkvakn l\klBkPkh
bkgbApPXkkakk-(bkkFkZk) zA zA Pk\kUkv l\klBkPk Ck|TQkkh AkvKlSkAk
lP ?
ApPZknCk^kkRm-(bkk^kekYk~) bkk \UmZkbkm YkkkkYkYk klUPkYkcbZk
Ckpcv ^kWknrRklSkAkhYkYk kklUPkYkcbZk Ckpcv Pn
bkgbApPXkkakk-(U^kkZkr)P^k kkkkkkkklUPkYkcbZk Ckpcv AlP Ck|TQkk
kbklTTklP bkYZkCk~ ekkPg YkZkkU@TPn YkYk kTkYknk@WknrRv AlP
koTZkkTkmlP ^kvbk lAYk~ ?
ApPZknCk^kkRm-.PRv^k Al\kZknCkg ZkRUl@bkYkkkv YkYk XkkakOkv kkvkk HkTkvTk
b^k^kkZkkvkk@OkYk~
bkgbApPXkkakk-.PP~ A@OkmZkYkkUlPPYk~dkYkb^kbPn SknTkk YkYk
TZkg kTkYknk@P^k lUPkYkcbZk CkpcYkPm^k l^kkk\kYkkbkmR~ ^kk ?
ApPZknCk^kkRm- v kAkvv, .Ag YkckTkbkg, bTkkTkCkpcYkvAYk~
bkgbApPXkkakk-(b^kCkPYk~)^kKv lAYk~ lP Upv DkKv AYk~ Zknk@lP
YkoBkrh (kAkkYk~) lZk Xkkvh ! ^kYk^kkvFkkv Zkk^k lUPkYkcbZk Ckpcv
AkvKlSkAkbPk\kUkv l\klBkPk Ck|TQkk kbklTTklPAkvKlSkAk Ck|TQkk
lP ^Zkkck@bZk ^kkbPl^kAg PkUZk HkkTkklbk ^kk ? .AbYkTk~ Ckpcv
AkvlKCk|TQkk Tk Ul@YkkTPZklR Fk Ul@YkkTP, PR~ Ckpcg Wkcnl^kkk\kg
bZkkP~lU Fk Pk AkvlU YkTknaZkkv Tk lTk^kbkvP~ bQk\kkXkk^kkP~Av^k\kg
kAkvCkPkbkn Ck|TQkSkkTkmakn ^kPrYkkTkk Ck|TQkk ldk\kdZkmApPkh bZknh
ApPZknCk^kkRm-(kYkCkPYk~) QkP~, CkUbZk ZkQkvg lTk@Ckr\kg lTkhbkk@OkvTk
bkgPkvakkv HkkZkPklYklP YkYk ^kkJGPg ARklU Tk V\klP ^kk ? SknTkk
zA AQkZkklTk ? TZkRk@Xkv CkUYk~kkZkk .PbYkTk~ CkUv l^k^klbk-

Zkvakk (kAkkg) YkYk lUPkYkcbZk UkOMZkvTk bkgPnkv @kHkk

AJFkTk @kHkbkkwSkg PbYkkZkRkP~Pk YkUPkYkcvTk Pk\kUkl\klBkPk
AkvKlSkAk Ck|TQkkh bQkklUPkh
bkgbApPXkkakk-Ank ^kPrPvSknTkk bk @kHkbkkwSkkv Zkk AkvKlSkAkbPk\kUkCk|TQkkh bQkklUPkh ?
ApPZknCk^kkRm-(b^kCkPg) CkUYkkCkvr UnTkFk kTkAOKAkhzA A@^kklOk?
(lFkTPlZk^kk bkkTkTRYk~) cTP, Rp RkTkmYknUkZkhCkUbZkklSkRv^kPkg
XkCk^kP{ CkUkRv^k{ kkQkrZkklOk(bkXkZknTYkvakg)
lZk XkCk^klP CkUkRvl^k! lTk^kbk lHkkZkkg Ykv ApUZkk lTk^kbk YkYk
lHkkZkkYk~(lP CkUkRv^k{ bPkwlP)
CkngCkngCkngCk|kgCk|{Ck|ky CknUg CknUg CkvUg CkvUg CkUUg CkUUg CknCknUg CUky CUky CUky
TkYkh b^kkck
CUkvYk~ bZk kmCkUkRv^kmYkckYkTkbZk CkUkZkTk ,lakhCkUnU~
GTRhXkCk^kPm CkUkRv^km Rv^kPkCkUmlYklP WkmHkYk~b^kw@g CkUAQkTkvTk
HkTkkPk@OkkZkkg l^klTkZkkvCkh
Rvl^k CkUv TkYkbPnXZkg bkvl^kPklbk YkZkkSknTkk
Xkkl^kPk YkYk lHkkCk|v cv ! l^k@kCkg l^kTkk ^kbk
(bkcakrYk~)YkYk XkZkk bkgPnk XkCk^kPm CkUkRv^km YkYk lHkkZkkg
lTk^kbklPSknTkk ekkPg ZkR~ ^kP^ZkYk~(kAkkg) Pg @kHkbkkwSkg YkYk
klUPkYkch Yk@OkkP~ kkA~ b^klUPp^ZkbZk YkkPn\kkTZkw RkP~PZkk
bkAnPoc\kg ARklFkP~ Pk\kWkTSkva^k^k\kkvZkYkkTkvakn AbYkgFkP~ Pk\kWkTSkv
bkZkTkk@kZkOk^k|Pg l\klBkPg RpUQkv UlPPYk~bkk IklKlP PRlSkApZk
l^kRvkvakn M~^k@~Kwbk~ ApP^kPmAFkTk lbk\CkvlKZkTk~RvkPh kCkPkv
^kwRvlkAh AnbUkvOMkv\k@~TkkYkAkv SklTkAh RkAkvlKZkAwh PP~

18

19

bP^ZkbPg TkkYk TkkKAYk~

bkZkTkk@kZkOk^k|Pg mP^kkTk~Zk<lU ^Zk^kck@kvZkg lTkCkoNYkv^k kk^kPrP
PQkklU AQkJFkRvPR~ ekk^kk AvFkTk WkTSk^kkv Ck|TQkkTkUkc@Tk~, b^kZkg
l^kZkkQk Fk kkZkPTPAvFkTk bkV\kk ZkXko^kTk~ZkV\kPZkk TkvAv akn
@k}vakn kkFkmTkCk|TQkkCkk@va^kSknTkk Pk\kCk|TQkkh ^kPrTPv
bkgbApPXkkakk-(bkbYkPg) Psc, bkgklP l^k^kbYkTk~ ^kPrYkkTkkbPk\kCk|TQkkh
bk^kvrlU P^k klUPkYkcbZk lUPp^ZkbZk YkkPn\kkTZkkh @kHkbkkwSkkRv^k
Fkkvvl@Pkh
ApPZknCk^kkRm-Ah bkgkZkh ?
bkgbApPXkkakk-SknTkk PkTk~ b^kcbPCkPkTk~ APn lAYkQk ^kg kZkTkg Tk
A@kvlak ?
ApPZknCk^kkRm-PQkk ApPv bk^kvr Fkkvl@Pk Ck|TQkkh UnTkXkkr@PYkkZkkTP, YkYk
YknlCkPkFk Xkl^kaZkTP .AvTk Ck|TQkvTk l^kmPvTk AkvlKZkAklOk
YkZkk \kbZkTPvHkkTkkYZkcYk~U@TPn SkTkYkv^k YkYk Tk YknBZkYk~Hkm^kTkv
bkkSklZkP^Zkg Wkcnl^kSkYkTZkRlU ^kPrPv
bkgbApPXkkakk-(b^kCkPYk~)ckv ! Uo^krlYkRg XkCk^kmPkTknkTkTkkYkAg
TkkKAYk~(kAkkg)bPn, AvRkTk{ @kHkbkkwSkbZk AQkk ?
ApPZknCk^kkRm-Pg @kHkbkkwSkg Ul@Pkv ^kpdkCkn\Yk\kPkRZkkv HkkPkh
YkvOkklXk^kpkFkPkkSknTkk CkcTkg ^kTkYkbP(bklAJFkbYk@OkklXkTkZkg) ckf, ckfkZkvr, YkZkvRkTk{ bYkpPYk~YkYk Ul@lFkPh
AFkTk Unakkv COkh bkglFklAbkkQkrYk~ k@kvCZkkk\kkg k^kvlkPhPg
ng YkZkk IklKlP CkTP^ZkYk~bPn bkkSkZkkYkbPk^kP~ (lP
lTkakYklP)
bkgbApPXkkakk-ckv lTksHkPcTknYkkE*\ kRwDZkkr CkUAQkk(lP lTkakYklP)

lP CkUkvPl^k\kkbkh
20

5.kkFkkZkrCkpcmZk^kkPkr
(PPh kl^kklP kkFkkZkkvr lYkkYklOkFk)
kkFkkZkrh-YkYk lk@h bVnKlPYkYk RZkv lSk@kbk@OkYklSkAg bkgHkkPYk~
kYko\kFko\kg YkYk RvcbPUlP
lYkkYklOkh-lAYkQkrYk~ ?
kkFkkZkrh-h AFkTk Ykg Ukg lAYklU klcP^kkTk~bkgAvP\kvBkTkbQk\kv
Av^k\kg lTkUklSk YkYk TkkYkkvvBkg ApP^kkTkbP SkoPrhMkK@~ lP
UkzSk Tkw^k ZkkvlHkP^kkTk~
lYkkYklOkh-(bkkvSkg)zA zA, MkK@~ZknUklSkTkkvrlBkPbPvTk ?
kkFkkZkrh-Tk Av^k\kYkvPk^kRv^kbkckZkAkkFkkZkrs^kvTk lTkZknPkvbYZkSknTkk
PvTk ^kSkkrUTkYklU Tk ApPYk~U@TPn Av Ck|TQkk Xk^kl@SknTkk l\kBZkTPv,
Av ^kk kWkTSkk Xk^kl@SknTkk kAkZkTPv, Tk^kmTkg lAYklU Ck|TQk@FkTkklRAg lFkTZkPv ^kk Tk ^kk Zkk<bkgWkkh kTkkbPvTk Upkh
lYkkYklOkh-(bkkvSkk^kvkg) zA lAYk~ .^kg Hk\UlP bkh ? AkvZkYk~ ?
kkFkkZkrh-bkkvTZkbYkTk~ l^k^kl^k<klTk\kZkvbP, Tk Pn bYkRmZkvAbYkTk~
l^kXkkCkv AbZk lAZkR~ ^kvPTkg, AbZk ARk lTk^kplkh, AbZk lTkZknPkw
AvTk TPhbkTSkkTkYkk@lFkPYk~, AbYkTk~ l^kXkkCkv Akw kkFkkZkkwr U@bU@vOk
An^kkrPv lcTkAn\kYk~- AvTk bQkkTkUl@^kPrTkg A@OkmZkYkkUlPPYk~
ZkklRAkTk~ nPkTk~ l^kakZkkTk~ Tk HkkTkklP !
lYkkYklOkh-(HkkCkkkQkg kkApPYkklkZk)L] BkkOk~ lWkbkHkkOk~
IkkOkklL ? 'Psc AkTk~ l^kakZkkTk~ HkkTkklP ?
kkFkkZkrh-bk Ck|TQkbPk kAlKPh, .ak Ck|TQkh k kAlKPh, PbZk
21

bP^ZkbPg TkkYk TkkKAYk~

bP^ZkbPg TkkYk TkkKAYk~

@FklZkPk wbP^kmZkv FkPnRrkkPAv bkYknUk kbkmP~, PbZk

Xkkakkbkkw^kYknPYk~ ZkklR bkYWkg l^k^kl^k<klTk\kZkAkZkr@mlPl^kg Fk HkkTkklP
lYkkYklOkh-(HkkCkkkQkg kkApPYkklkZk)kkvGl]Yk~,
kkvGl]Yk~ lWkFGl^kHkkrlOk]Hkv BkvOk ZkmMpakkv Yko\AlbkAkYkTkm
lOkHknBkkv ? 'kFkZkrYk~, kFkZkrYk~l^k^kl^k<klTk\kZkv AvTk rRpkkv
YkoBkrlkBkkYklOksTkZknPh ?
kkFkkZkrh-Uo^k AkvlU l^k<k l^k<k lP HkUU@kZkOkh kkFkkZkr
kbkmR~ Zkh b^kZkg Tk XknE~Pv bYk, TZkkTklU XkkvPng Tk RRklP bYk
PRmZkvTkw^k RnFkvlPvTk lTkZknPkvZkg Ck|TQkDknOkh
lYkkYklOkh-PRkbPkg TkkYk.PvTk Zk^kPkv TkkYkkvBv kv MkK@~ZknUklSkTkr
ZkkvlHkPbP^kdkYZkkvU@kSkh
kkFkkZkrh-.v l^k\k~ Vw\k~ . bZkoK~ .CkwTbK~ lcYk~
lYkkYklOkh-(ATSk@kYkTZkPh Ul@^kZkr) Zkv, UZk UZkP^k UTkm
P^k bknPkg PkMZkTPm P .^kklXk^kPrPv
kkFkkZkrh-@v, bkZkYkvPP~lAYkQk YkYk UTkm PkMZklP Wkkl\kAkYk~,
bPn, UpFGklYk
(PPh kl^kklP CkpcmPROMk kkFkkZkrUTkm, PZkk PkMYkkTkk
Wkkl\kAk Fk)
Wkkl\kAk-(bklTk@kA@Okg bklk@hAYUg Fk )co,f co,f co,f Tkkcg b^kmA@kvlYk
bkgbApPYk~
kkFkkZkrUTkm-@v, b^kmAn bkgbApPYk~TZkQkk Wkcn^kk@g PkMZkklYk ^kkYk~
Wkkl\kAk-(UnTkh bklTk@kA@Okg bklk@hAYUg Fk )cof, cof, cof, Tkkcg
b^kmA@kvlYk bkgbApPYk~

kkFkkZkrh-@v, @v, lAYkXkoP~ ? lAYkQk YkYk \kk\Zkkg PkMZklbk ? bkk

AYkU@kSkYkA@kvP~ ?
kkFkkZkrUTkm-^kYkv^k UpFG P^k \kk\ZkkYk~
kkFkkZkrh-Zkv, \kk\Zkv, YkYk bknPv! zA bkgHkkPYk~ ? lAYkQk ^kkg P^k
YkkPk PkMZklP ?
Wkkl\kAk-(kolOk YkkHkrZkTPm) cg bkgbApPg Tk b^kmA@kvlYk kkwNkk\kkZkkYk~ lP YkZkkvPYk~ PbYkkvPkvh(ZkSkkvrPv lckg
An^krPm UnTkk @kvlRPnYkk@XkPv)cofcof
kkFkkZkrh-(bk^kkbk\Zkg)Zkv, PQkk Tk ^kP^ZkYk~UZkbkgbApPg
Xkk@PmZkkTkkg b^kYk~PRkbPkYk~lAYkQk ^kg Tk b^kmA@kvlak bkgbApPYk~ ?
Wkkl\kAk-PQkk ApPv A@Pkl\kAw^k CklPh ?
kkFkkZkrh-bUg Wk|olc lR bQkPYk~
Wkkl\kAk-ZklR bkgklP kkwNkk\kkZkkg bkgbApPg b^kmA@kvlYk, PRk l^k<k\kZkv
Ykckl^k<k\kZkv Fk bkgbApPYkv^k YkYk CklPXkrl^kaZklPPRk YkYk
bkgbApPkFkkZkmrXk^kTkYk~ lTk^kkZk Xkl^kaZklP
kkFkkZkrh -Zkv, bkTPkv^Zkv l^kakZkv lAlYklP @kvlRlak ?
Wkkl\kAk-ZklR PQkk kFkkZkkr Xkl^kaZkklYk, bkXkkbkn kcoPkTkkg
bkgbApPkTklXkekkTkkg bkgbApPbPnPZkh k^kOkmZkk Xk^klTP, A@Pkl\kAk
Fk RkP^Zkk Xk^klPZklR cg A\kvK@~ ^kk, MvZknlKAYkmakTk@~ ^kk,
@w\^kvbkoUl@OKvOMvOK~ ^kk Xk^kklYk, bkgbApPekk YkkYkv^kkZkTP bkXkkbkn
cYkSZkdkk Xko^kk bkgbApPekw@v^kg A@OkmZkYk~, .^kg Tk A@OkmZkYk~
Zkk<nURvdZkklYkbk^kvr YkkYkkR@vOk UZkTP, A@Pkl\kAkg Fk
ZkFGTP
kkFkkZkrh-(YkbPAYk^kTkYkZZk lFkTPkYkCTkkv Xk^klP, RkdkOkkTkTP@g ) ^kbkv,

22

23

bP^ZkbPg TkkYk TkkKAYk~

bP^ZkbPg TkkYk TkkKAYk~

bkZkYknPg ^kZkkbPn, ZkQkvYkkFk@

kkFkkZkrUTkm-kkTPg UkUYk~AmRpkkvZkg RnkvURvkh ?
kkFkkZkrh-^kYkv^k lFkTPZk^kbkk ZkR^kFkkvP Pk lAYkZkbkZkg ^kPrPv
^kk ?
kkFkkZkrUTkm-Tk, TklATPn YkZkk ^kTZklkTZkPv
kkFkkZkrh-zA lFkTZkPv ?
kkFkkZkrUTkm-bkgbApPU@mdkkZkkYk~ Ekh lTka\kvkYkv^k kkZkTPv P@l^kakZkU@mdkkbkn Ekklkh \kvkkZk
kkFkkZkrh-(UnTkFk YkbPAYk^kTkYkZklPE*\Zkk YkbPAYknBklP
RkdkOkkTkTP@g)UZk ^kbkvZkk^k YkkPkc PRlU lFkTPTkmZkYk~
kkwNkk\kkUZkrTPg bkgbApPYkSkma^kPPkv CkFG b^kvvvTk UQkkZklR
kkwNkk\kkZkkg b^kmAl@aZklbk bkgbApPYk~,TTkPvakn lkdkOkvakn bQkkTkkklkh
bkn\kXkk Xkl^kaZklPZkRk <kvlCkTkm Xkl^kaZklbk, bkgbApPekkb^kkYkkcoZk
P^k XkkakOkg kkvaZkTP A@Pkl\kAkg Fk Al@aZkTP^kg Fk bkgbApPkSZkZkTkbZkkTkn^kPrTkg YkZkk Tk ApPg ZkP~~, PvTk UFkkkkUYkTknXk^kklYk
ZkklR XkkakOkg An
Wkkl\kAk-PkP, YkYk XkkakOkk^kbk@v AvFkTk \kkvAkh Pr^Zkk Xk^kTPPRk
zA A@OkmZkYk~ ?
kkFkkZkrh-.AYkv^k \kkvAYkn@, bk .^k UZkkrkh
Wkkl\kAk-Ag \kkvAYk~ ?
kkFkkZkrh-^kw<@kHk TkYkbPnXZkg ZkYk@kHkbkckvR@ !
ZkYkbPn c@lP kkOkkgb^kg Pn kkOkkTk~ SkTkklTk Fk
Wkkl\kAk-AkvQkkvrbZk \kkvAbZk ?
kkFkkZkrUTkm-^kYkSknTkk Tk HkkTkklbk ^kbkv^kg ZkRk MkK@~ Xkl^kaZklbk,

PRk HkkTkkbZkQkrYkbZk
Wkkl\kAk-PQkkbPn
kkFkkZkrh-bPn PscYkYk ^kPrPv lAJFkP~ AkZkrYk~cYkSknTkk
AYkZklSkAkl@Okg nYk~ lSkAkl@Ckpcg CkFGklYkkkZkkkv YkYk klPlTk^kPrTkv l^k\kYWkh bZkkP~(lP lTkakTPh)
Wkkl\kAk-YWk, cg klP^kvlkCkpcv Bkv\kklYk
kkFkkZkrUTkm- bPnkmDk|g lTk^kPrb^k, Ykk lFk@Zk
Wkkl\kAk-PQkk(kkFkkZkrUTkm @E*bZk RldkOkXkkCkPh, Wkkl\kAk Fk @E*bZk
^kkYkXkkCkPkv lTkakYkPh)

24

25

lP kkFkkZkrCkpcmZk^kkPkr

bP^ZkbPg TkkYk TkkKAYk~

bkm-zA A@kvlak ?
Unakh-XkkakOkg AQkg A@OkmZklYkZkXZkkbkg A@kvlYk
bkm-An, An
Unakh-cg Zk<lU bkgbApPg TkkSkmP^kkTk~cg YkvZk@~ bYkPQkklU
bkgbApPekkTk~ URvaKng YkYkkcrPk bZkv^k YkZkk Ykvl@AkRvkv bk^kvr
HkTkkh bkgbApPg bkgbApPYk~ lP HkUTPkv RpaKkhU@TPn Xkk@Pv
PkRpkg HkUg APkr Tk AkvlU Rph knPkv ^kk^kkv ^kk U@^kkv ^kk
Ykvl@AkkHkkh .^k ZklR Xkk@PmZkkTk~ bkgbApPg WkkvSkZklTP, TkkFkZk
lAYklU Pk
bkm-@v ^kg ARk Ykvl@AkRvkg CkP^kkTk~ ?
Unakh-ARklU TkU@TPn PbZkkg bkXkkZkkg YkYk Ul@lFkPh AkvlU TkkbP
PbYkkP~ bk^kvr Av^k\kg A@Pkl\kAkg ZkFGTP
bkm-k lAJFkP~ Ul@^kPrTkg lZkPv FkvP~ lSkAkh A@Pkl\kAkh
kkZkTPv
Unakh-AQklYk^k ?
bkm-.^kg AQkZkYkYk Wkk\Zkv YkYk lUPp^Zkh bkgbApPg U@YkknPg PbZkkSZkZkTkg
^kZkk A@OkmZkYkv^kvlP URvkg A@kvlP bYkPbZk bkRnURvkkv YkZkk
TkkTknlP ZkSknTkk UFkkkkUYk~ TknXk^kklYkkZkkh bk^kvrlU
bkgbApPekk .^kbkXkkZkkYkbZkkg bkgbApPYk~ HkkTkkTkkv YkoBkrh .A .^k,
bk Pn cYkv^k

Unakh-@v@v, bkZkg CkkvUTkmZkg, TkkvkKTkmZkYk~

bkm-P^k A@Pkl\kAkkWRg kkvPnlYkFGk ^kPrPv ^kk Tk ^kk ?
Unakh-bP
bkm-Psc ARklFkP~ bkZkYknkKTkmZkg Xk^klP
Unakh-PvTk AkvlU Rkvakkv Tk Xk^klP ^kk ?
bkm-UZkbkgbApPkvbk^kvakn ll^kSkk HkTkk ^kPrTPvk<kh bkgbApPekkhPv
YkkwTkYkv^k YkklOkZkYk~ lP YkTZkTPvlPmZkkh bkgbApPkTklXkekkhPv
Av^k\kg A@Pkl\kAkg RkPnYkv^k bkgbApPkvbk^kvakn XkkCkg CkpOkTPlSkAP@g
A@Pkl\kAkg bkHkrlZkPng ^kkJGlbk FkvRv^kg Wk|olc
Unakh-lAlYklP lAlYklP ?
bkm-SknTkk Zkv UkFkkZkkh bkgbApPYkSkmZkPv, Pv bk^kvr Uo^krbYkTk~ HkTYklTk
Xkk@PmZkk .^kkbkTk~PbkgbAk@^kkkP~ Pv bkgbApPv @lFkPkvYkkOkh
Unakh-bkgbApPXkkakkZkkg Ck|TQkg AYkZk@FklZk^kk Av^k\kg b^kAmZkkbkn Xkkakkbkn
lSkbkgbApPg Ck|TQkkTk~ @FkZkTPbbk^krv ^kwRvlkAkh Uo^krbYkTk~ HkTYklTk
Xkk@PmZkk kbkTk~ ZkvPRbPnSknTkk YkYk kTkYknk@^kZkg
bkgbApPvP@kbkn Xkkakkbkn Ck||TQkkTk~ l@@FklZkakkYkh, ApPvlU bkgbApPCk|TQkv
b^kZkg bkgbApPvP@XkkakkZkkg UmlLAkg ZkkvHkZkYkh, b^kAmZkkbkn Xkkakkbkn Fk
bkgXkkakOkk^kbk@v EC\kmak~Xkkakk^kkZkklTk Fk lYkkZkkYkhUo^krbYkTk~ HkTYklTk
lAg ^kZkg QkvYbk~Tk<kbPm@v HkTYk kkk^kTPh ?
bkm-Tkn^kPrZk
Unakh-lU Fk, Xkk@Pv ZkQkk bkgbApPg ^kPrPv PQkw^kvP@k lU Xkkakk
^kPrTPvPP~ P^k ^kkZkv Tkw^k Ul@CklOkPYk~
bkm-YkZkk Uo^krYklU AlQkPYk~UnTk@lU PRv^k AQkZkklYkbkgbApPkvbk^kvakn
YkvZk@~, @kHkAmZkk ^ZkPh, YkbZkl^kXkkCkbZk lSkAk@m, SkTkbklFk^kh-

26

27

6.XkkakOkkXZkkbkh
(PPh kl^kklP bkm UnakFk)

bP^ZkbPg TkkYk TkkKAYk~

bP^ZkbPg TkkYk TkkKAYk~

cg ckvYk~ lYklTk@bZk lU.bYkcg bZkkgTbmK~ekkTk~

ZkkRZkh bkgbApPekkTknUlRkTPPvakkYknURvkbZkkZkg bkk@h-bkgbApPCk|TQkkh

bkgbApPvP@kbkn Xkkakkb^kTko<k ZkvTk bkkYkkTZkHkTkkTkkg PR~ekkTkg \kWSkg
Xk^klP.PkRpkg lR^ZkkvURvkg kn^kk bkgbApPekkh bkklXkTkTRTkg PkTk~
bPn^kTPZkYkv^k bkgbApPkvbk^khbZkfkTbmK~ VvbK^k\k~ lP Pn sHkPg
TkkYk.PkRpkvakn bZkfkTbmK~ VvbK^k\bkvakn PArbZk AkvlU Tkk^kbk@h
lXkYkkTkkvvAbZk mMkE*OkkTZkvvPklTk bZkfkTbmK~ VvbK^k\bkklTk
Unakh-AvTkklU bZkfkTbmK~ VvbK^k\bkvakn bkgbApPXkkakkZkkg Tk bkgXkkakOkmZkg
^kk ?
bkm- Tk bkgXkkakOkmZklYklP lTkZkYkbPn TkkbPU@TPn ZklR ARklFkP~
lkFkPn@klOk bkgbApP^kkZkklTk YkSZkv YkSZkv .PkRpkvakn bZkfkTbmK~
VvbK^k\bkvakn kkZkrTPv-AklFkP~ kkvXkk Xk^klP
Unakh-kkvXkkZkk ^kSkrTkkQkrYkTZkRlU ^kP^Zkg ^kk?
bkm-WkkNg ^kP^ZkYk~YZkkbk~YZko\k@~Ag klP Xkk@PbZk PRkTk{PTkh
bk^krAk@ .^kYknUklRkP~-^kZkk bkgbApPYkSkmZk PkZkk Rkvakkh
bkYZkCknkKTkmZkkh YZkkbk~YZko\k@~ Xkk@PYkkCkZk ZkRk bkgbApPYkSkmP^kkTk~ PRk PvTk AbYkklU Ck|TQkv AkvlU Rkvakkv Tkw^k RphPRTkn bk
bkgbApPbZk kkgbkAh bkgHkkPh .^kYknPv Pn A@Pkl\kAkkWRbZkkZklSkAkZkkh kPvh kXkk^kvOk bkXkkXk^kTkbZk GlR@v^k UkKPv
Unakh-CkUvbYkTk~ lP\kYkkkYklU bkZkg TkkbP, YZkkbk~YZko\k@~
ARklU Xkk@Pg TkkCkP^kkTk~ lP AkvlU kE~dklP FkvP~ ?
bkm-AkvlU Tk kE~dklPUZkYZkkbk~YZko\k@~AbZk Hkm^kTkFkl@kg Ank
UkLPv ZkvTk Xkk@PmZkkh bkgbApPekkbPHHkm^kTkg Ul@lFkTknZknh ?
Unakh-kYk~bkZkYk~bkZkYk~bkZkYk~
(TkvUQZkv S^kTkZkh koZkTPv)

Unakh-(kAOZkr)SkYklTkakn @kvYkkJFk ZkbZk AkvQkrh ?

bkm-cnk~TZkR~ CkHkrTkg koZkPkYk~
(TkvUQZkv S^klTkh)
bkgbApPg YkpPg Zkv AQkZkTP Pv b^kZkg YkpPkh
Unakh- .^kg bkgbApPXkkakklXkYkkTkbZk lMOMYkYkv^k ^kkRZkb^kvPvakn Av^k\kYkvA
.^k kTkh UpFGPv-lAYk~ .AkvlU kSknlTkAh bkgbApPCk|TQkAk@
.PwTkkrYTkk AmZkrPv ?
bkm-PTTkk^kZkAYk~bkgbApPg YkpPXkkakk Tkw^kkbPmlP DkkvakOkkg Ap^kk AOLv

28

29

UlRkklYkZkQkk-bkgbApPekwh bk^kwr@lU bk^kvr Xkk@PmZkkh bkgbApPg

WkkvSkTkmZkkh
cg \kklTkE~Ck~ AlYkakTk~ Zkk bkvvK@m bYkcg

bZkkgTbmK~ekkTk~ UlRkklYkZkQkk-klPlRTkg bkgbApPvTkw^k lkk^kkv

WkkvSkTkmZkkhPvTk bkgbApPkvk@kv Xkl^kaZklP
cg WkZkk\kHkm @mbkFkr~ bkvOK@~Av KvOM@~ bYkcg

bZkkgTbmK~ekkTk~ URvkkYkpPw@TknCkpOkklYkZkQkk-bkgbApPv ZkR~ ZkR~

^kPrPv PP~ bk^krYklU l^kekkTkHkTZklYklP ZkRk ARk bkXkkb^kkkvkkv
YkkvP^ZkhPvTk bkgbApPXkkakvlP kWRkv HkTkkTkkg l^kekkPkv Xk^klP
cg Ykckv^k\kHkTkPkUdkbZk SZkdkkvbYkclYkRkTk{

bkZkvTk kUYkkTk S^krWkkcnh l^k@kwlYk ZkQkk-bkgbApPlYklP kWRg kn^kk

Zkvakkg Xkk@PmZkkTkkg SkYklTkakn @kvYkkJFkkv Tk HkkZkPv, Pv Xkk@PkR~
kkKTkmZkk lP kkbkTkg A@OkmZkYk~PRQk YkZkk ^kh lR{ klP
CkYZkPvbk^kwrh bkgbApPekw@k YkYkklXkTkTRTkg A@OkmZkYk~

bP^ZkbPg TkkYk TkkKAYk~

kYkYk~ TknXkl^kPng l^klkaKkSZkZkTkbZk AnPoc\kklSkZkbZk ^kk TkkUvdkk
U@TPn knaAg AOLYkkmrAPn kkl@Wkk@bkbZk UkTkYkk^kZkAYk~
Unakh-k~k~k~k~k~k~k~k~k~Pk UZk .Ah YkkMTkr~ @mbkFkr~
bAk\k@~ P .^kklXk^kPrPv-PTTk bkkgkPg Tkkw PbZkkCk|v bQkkPnYk~ .lc
lTkCkrFGk^kbPk^kP~(lP lTkakTPkw)

lP XkkakOkkXZkkbkh

30

7.ZkolTk^ksbkKmFkl@PYk~
(PPh kl^kklP YkkMTkr~ @mbkFkr~ bAk\k@~ PvTk bkkAg AvlFkFGaZkkFk)
YkkMTkr~ @mbkFkr~ bAk\k@~-lkaZkkh, kpOknS^kYk~
lkaZkkh-AOkkrh bYkh
Ykk@mbAk-bkgbApPCk|TQkkTkkg kkgbkk AvTk AvTk Zko@kvUmZkRvkmZkvTk ApPklP
ekkTkg kQkYkPh kkk^ZkYk~PQkk ApPv bkgbApPCk|TQkk \kaKk Xk^kTP
lkaZkkh-ZkQkk ?
Ykk@mbAk-ZkQkk-UlTkakRkYkSZkZkTkkP~ kkA~ UlTkaklakZkv
akkUvTkck^k@~AvTk lAYknPlYklP AOLv A@OkmZkYk~
lkaZkkh-lAYknPg PvTk ?
Ykk@mbAk-YkYk Hkm^kTkvlU UlTkakl@v^k kkTPh kkkkYkYk
Yk@OkvlU UlTkakl@v^k kkTPh kkbZkPv.PbZk ^kkZkbZk
ekkTkkTkTP@YknUlTkakRkYkSZkZkTkg bkn\kXkg Xkl^kaZklP
lkaZkkh-AkvZkg akkvUvTk~ ckv^k@~ ? AnkZkh ? .PkZkg zA PvTk bkgbApPXkkakkZkkYkv^kkvPYk~ ?
Ykk@mbAk-HkYkrTk~XkkakkZkklYklP AOkkrAsOkAZkk koZkPv
lkaZkkh-Xk^kkTk~ HkYkrTk~Xkkakkg HkkTkklP ^kk ?
Ykk@mbAk-Tk U@TPn, UlTkakRkg bPnlPh akkvUTv k~ck^k@vOk HkYkrTk~XkkakkZkkg
ApPk lP AOkkrAsOkAZkk ekkPng HkYkrTk~XkkakkSZkZkTkbZkk^kZkAPk
TkkbP
lkaZkkh-PRkbPkg Pk^kP~ UlTkakbPnlPh akkvUTk~ck^k@vOk ApPvlP ekkPv
UlTkakRSZkZkTkg AQkg bkn\kXkkZkPv ?
Ykk@mbAk-AbZkklU Ck|TQkbZkkSZkZkTkkQk PbZk Ck|TQkbZk l^kakZkvlXkYkkTkHkTkTkg
31

bP^ZkbPg TkkYk TkkKAYk~

bP^ZkbPg TkkYk TkkKAYk~

YknBZkYk~PRk Ck|TQkv AnPoc\kg HkkZkPvPPFkkSkmZkYkkTkkv Ck|TQkh YkbPaAv

bkYZkCk~ \kCklP
.Ah lkaZkh-kQkYkAdZkkZkkg Zkv lkk^kh k^kvZkTPv Pv kkZkh UkLCk|TQkkTk~
lakTPPQkklU UkSZkkZkwh Ck|TQkkh UkLTPvlkk^kh HkkTkTP
UkLCkPg ^kbPn
U@h lkaZkh-Ck|TQkkTkkYk~ SZkZkTkv lTklYkkAk@Okg AnPoc\kYk~ bkcAkl@Ak@Okg Pn PlakZkAk^kFkTkk^kOkg, ^ZkkBZkk^k\kkvATklYkZkklRAbZk
bkgbApPCk|TQkbZk bPnlPh AvTk ^kwRvlkAvTk AZkk XkkakZkk Aw^kkrZkwh ApPvlP
ekkTkg Pn cv^kkXkkbkh
Ykk@mbAk-(bkkvSkg) ^kg UkLkk\kmZkkv l^k<kQkmr klPXkklbk
PbYkkRbkgWkg Hk\Ulbk^kvRYklSkApZk Xk|kE~DkwkRvkmZkh bAk\kbkr~ zA
^kRlP, bkkEBZkCk|TQkYklSkApZk lakJFkol@ZkkRvkmZkh bAk\k@~ zA
^kRPmZkklR Tk HkkTkklbkPbYkkRv^k Ak@OkkP~ ^kg AoUYkOMoAkZkbkv
lkaZkh(bkl^kTkZkYk~)-kFkkZkr^kZkr, cg bkkEBZkCk|TQkYkSkmP^kkTk~
bkkEBZkAkl@AkZkkh bk^kkrh Akl@Ak YkYk AOLkCk|v ^kPrTPvSknTkk
bkkEBZkP^kAkwYknRmYk~ SkmZkkTkkvbYkPvTk Uo^krYkv^kkSkmPlAJFkFGkbkbZk
YkYk lAJFklR^kklSkAg XkkakkkXkn^kg kkZkPv
Ykk@mAk-(bkk^kcv\kg)lXkekkTkkkAnTP\kYklSkApZk CkZkKv lAYknP^kklTklP
HkkTkklbk ^kk ?
lkaZkh-zA zA CkZkKv lP ? .Ak@kTPkh AvFkTk kWRkh bkgbApPv ^kPrTPv
U@TPn l^k@\kkhbPn, Uo^kkvrZkg kWRh CkZkKv lPAkvQkkvrbZk
kWRbZk ?
Ykk@mbAk-YkoNlkBkkYklOk@lbkCkZkKv lP Pn HkYkrTk~ kWRhCkZkKv
lP AvFkTk, CkkvQkv lP Fk AvFkTk kk@ZkTZkYkng kWRYk~.ak

HkYkrTk~RvkmZkh Al^khPvTk kkAnTP\kbZk bPnlPh ApPk

lkaZkh-bZkkP~bk zA bkgbApPXkkakkg HkkTkklP bYk ?
Ykk@mAk-TkU@TPn kkAnTP\kbZk Tkn^kkRg RpaKk bkbkgPkvakg
lkaZkh-AZkk XkkakZkk ApPYkTkn^kkRg RpaKk ? @aZkTk~XkkakZkk, UkvFknCr k\k~X~ kkakZkk,
.vb\kkOMA~XkkakZkk ?
TZkh lkaZkh-kkZkkh YkvbkATk~XkkakZkk
(bk^kvr lkaZkk cbkTP)
Ykk@mAk-(bkkvSkg) lAYkQk DkDkQk ZkoZkg cvcvcvlP ?
kQkYkh lkaZkh-bk@~, lAYklU lXkekkTkkkAnTPbZk U<g kk^ZkPkYk~, QkrFk
WkkvSZkPkYk~lXkekkTkkkAnTP\kCkPg U<lYkRg Tk WknSZkPv YkZkkApUZkk
l^k^kpOkkv^kkZkrh@YZkklOk ^kmdZk YkSkn@kgFk lTkkYZk kWRkTk~
UZknrbknAmXk^klP ZkP~ bknlBkPkvlU HkTPnh
PkvPbkk bYk@lP TkoTkYkWkkvSkUo^k
Xkk^kbQk@klOk HkTkTkkTP@bkkwRklTk
Ykk@mAk-(bkkvSkg) YkZkk k^kFkTkg RkP^Zkg, ZknaYkklXkFk AOkwrh
lTksTkYkvakwYkrYk YknBkv RkwAkCk|RpllXkFk bklh kkvP^ZkYk~.ak
.^k l^k^kl^k<klTk\kZkbZk bkYknRkFkk@hlAlYkRg l^k^kl^k<klTk\kZkbkYknRkFkk@l^kYk~ bkXZkYkkFkZkrPv ZkFGaZkwh b^kZkYkv^k lAJFkP~
UlL^kk kTkkh UpFGTPv ? CkvK~ \kkbK~
(lkaZkkh-U@bU@vOk YknBkYk^k\kkvAZkTPvU@TPn Tk lTkakYkTP)
Ykk@mAk-ZklR ZkoZkg TkkUbk@Qk, cYkv^kkUbk@klYk(lP bkkvSkk^kvkg
lTkakYklP)

32

33

lP ZkolTk^ksbkKmFkl@PYk~

bP^ZkbPg TkkYk TkkKAYk~

8.P^kWk|^kwXk^kYk~
(PPh kl^kklP Ckm^kkrOk^kkOkml^kUZkrbPbkv^kAh)
lkaZkkh-(bkkFkZk) A .ak bkkvaOkmakh, bkSkkwPmAh, SkpPY\kkTkUnaUck@h,
bkgbApPklXkYkkTkkvvAlYk^k ^ZkJHkZkTk~ l^klFkkh Unakh ? bPn, PYkv^k
UpFGkYkhlZk Xkkvh, Ab^kYk~ ?
Ckm^kkrOk^kkOkml^kUZkrbPbkv^kAh-cg bkkCk@zAUkTkv l^kakkkbkRTPkvbYk
lkaZkkh-(bkkFkZkrYk~) zA lAYk~ ?
Ckm^kkrOk^kkOkml^kUZkrbPbkv^kAh-(UnTkh)cg bkkCk@zAUkTkv l^kakkkbkRTPkvbYk
lkaZkkh-(bkkvkkbkg) zA AkZk P^k ? bkkCk@bZk UkTkg ^kk l^kakbZk kkkTkg
^kk ?
Ckm^kkl^kbkv-Pk YkpHkk@Hkh RkvakkkOkkh YkZkw^k kRkP^Zkk Xk^kTP
lkaZkkh-zA lAYk~ ? YkpHkk@Hkh RkvakkkOkkh lP ?
(lkaZkva^kTZkPYkh-lk@bkh Uk^kvr E*l\kl^k^kP Ap^kk bkgekkUZklP)
U@h lkaZkh-TYkkAkvZklYklP klPXkklP.PvTk kZknPkh kWRkh
kkZkk .PvTkw^k bkpkh bZknh.ak lAYkZklXkTk^kg bkgbApPg lTkYkkrPnAkYk
^k \kdZkPv
Ckm^kkl^kbkv-ARklFkkn kWk\kkgbkkh Xk^kTZkv^kARklFkk A\kk@vVAkvaOkg
RkP^Zkg Xk^klPPQkklU AvTk kNHZkvg A@kvlYk
lkaZkh-(lk@bk Ul@ E*\ kmlXkh lBkTk~) zA @KlP bkklYkYkbPaAh?
(l^klFkTZk) kf, RkTk{ ekkPYk~(kAkkg) kWk\kkgbkkh ZkbZk
kkW\kYbk~ ZkQkrhA\kk@vVAkvaOkYk~ ZkbZk \kkl@lVAvakTk~
34

ZkQkrhQk Fk, kNHZkvbPn M~HkbK~

Ckm^kkl^kbkv-(bkcak) kYk~, PRv^k PRv^k
lkaZkh-YkpHkk@Hkh RkvakkOkkh ZkbZkklU PkUZk YkZkk l^kekkPYk~YkvHk@~
MvlbkakTbk~ lP PRQkrh ^kg bkkCk@zAUkTkv l^kakkkbkRTPkvlbk,
QkkrP,~ aknCk@~AYUvTZkkg ^kwbk~ kvlbkMvOK~ lbk
Ckm^kkl^kbkv-Akvlbk ^kYk~ ?
lkaZkh-(b^kCkPg)XkoPXkkakZkk Upv kvPXkkakZkkvk@OkmZklYkZkkXkkOkAh
(kAkkg) cg Ykkvc@HkbbZkoTkbkmPBk\kHkv bkKkRTPh
TZkh lkaZkh-Ykck@kHkbZkkgTbmK~Ak\kvHkv bKoMvOK~ lP PkUZkrYkbZk
^kkZkbZk(Ckm^kkl^kbkv^kAg bkgWkkvSZk)cv YkTknaZkl^kkvak ! lAYkQkrYkv^kYk~
EC\kmak~kWRkTkkg bkgbApPP^kklP@vAbkpk \kTkklbk ?
Ckm^kkl^kbkv-bkgbApPkvk@ .^k YkYk Fk@Ykg \kdZkYk~bk^krkklU l^k^kbYkTk~
EC\kmak~S^kHkg RpZkPvSknTkkbkgbApPg AQkJFkR^kkvakOkmZkg lA\kPbYkkRv^kg
A@kvlYk
lkaZkkh-.PkRpkwYkorBkrlkBkklYklXkh bkkAg bkgXkkakOkvTk lAYkQkrYkbYkklXk@Yko\ZkbZk Ak\kbZk c@Okg A@OkmZkYk~ ? SknTkk AYklU Ck|TQkg bkk^kSkkTkYkSkmYkcw(lP lTkakTPkh)
Ckm^kkl^kbkv-bkgbApPbZkklXkYkkTkbPn YkYk ^kPrP .^kU@TPn PvTk SkTkkCkYkkv
Tk Xk^klPzA A@OkmZkYk~ ? (l^klFkTZk) cTP, RkTk{
RpkvXZknUkZkhYkvl@AkRvkg CklYkaZkklYkZk<lU bkYZkCkSkmPbkgbApPkbPk ^kPrTP .^k PQkklU bk^kvr PkZkk Tk bkgbApPekkhPkTk~
bkgbApPkTklXkekkTk~ AQkJFkP~ b^kHkk\kv UkPlZk^kk YkYk SkTkXkbkAkg
SkTkUkwh Uo@ZkklYk

lP P^kWk|^kwXk^kYk~
35

bP^ZkbPg TkkYk TkkKAYk~

Ckm^kkrOk^kkOkml^kUZkrbPbkv^kAh-(bk-bk^krPkvRplkbkk@g)- ckv ZkYkv^k

Ykvl@AkBZkkv @k}h
SkmYkkYkwYkorNPYkwFk UoOkkrYk~
Ykvl@Akg bkkgkPYkkCkPkvbYk
\kdYk ! kbkkRvTk YkTkkvekAkTPg
YkTkkA~ b^kRpz YklZk UkPZkkkn
cv, cv, kR@OkmZkk Ykvl@AkkHkkh, kCkFGPkCkFGP
AkFkTk Ykvl@AkkHkkh-(kCkZk) ^klcPkh bYkh
Ckm^kkl^kbkv-AnOMl\kTk{ HkkTkmQk lAYk~ ?
AkFkTk Ykvl@AkkHkkh- Tkw^k
Ckm^kkl^kbkv-PbYkkRv^k ZknXk^kPkg ZknaYkkAg kPTZkorTkk UZkPbk^kvrakn
HkTkvakn AnOMl\kTkmTkkYTkm kP^krPrPv
AkFkTk Ykvl@AkkHkkh-Psc lAYkQk bkk kPTkkrTknXkoZkPv ?
Ckm^kkl^kbkv-YkYk RkrTkYkvPk^kUZkrTPg Tk HkkPg lA\k ZknaYkkAg, PRv^kkk
Ak@OkYk~Ykk lWklXkPSknTkk lA\kkCkPkvbYZkcYk~Ykvl@AkHkTkvakn
^kPrYkkTkkg AnOMl\kTkmYknQkkZkw^k PPkv lTk^ksPaZkvZkk^kUZkrTPYk~
Ykvl@AkHkTkvakn ^kPrYkkTkkg AnOMl\kTk{ TkkvQkkUlZkaZkklYk, Pk^kP~ UZkrTPg
Tk lTk^ksPaZkv Xkk@PYk~(lP A@Pkl\kAkg kPmdkYkkOkh YkncoP Hkkvakg
lPlPAvTkklU A@Pkl\kAk Tk RmZkPv)
Ckm^kkl^kbkv-(bkkvSkg) ZkTPYknPv XkkakOkv ApPv UJFklTkYkvakUZkrTPg
A@Pkl\kAk RmZkPv Ykvl@AkRvk^kklbklXkl@lP knPg YkZkkU@TPn

lAYkQk ZknaYkklXkh A@Pkl\kAk Tkw^k lZkPv ?

.Ah Ykvl@AmZkh-(b^kCkPg)cg bkYZkCkSkmPkkbkkvbYk^ZkkA@Ok^kvRkTPTZkkZkYkmYkkgbkkkkbkklOk YkYk lHkkCk|vZk<lU PTkkkbkg Tk
YkZkkSkmPYk~PQkklU PTkYkSkmP^kTPkv HkTkkh Av, TkkDk|kPPTkCkTSkk
lU PTkkkbkbkk^kreZkYklXkTkZkTPh A lP bkYZkCkXZkocv.ak
Xkk@PmZkkvkkkPTkkvRlSklWkTRnl@lP bUYk~.ak AkvlU SkTkCkpSTknh
([SkTk\knWSkh)bPvTkh klPXkklP.PvTk BkTZkYkkTkv CkPvr YkkYkAmTkk
Ykvl@AmZkk HkTkk ZkQkk Tk UPTP PQkk YkZkk A@OkmZkYk~(kAkkg)
P^k ^kmbkk (VISA) ^klSkh AlPlRTkUZkrTPh ?
Ckm^kkl^kbkv-(bkkPEYk~) lAYkQkrYkZkg kTkh ?
Ykvl@AmZkh-bYkkAg AnOMl\kTkmkPg HkkCk@lZkPng Zkk^kUZkrTPg
kZklPaZkbkv, Pk^kUZkrTPg P^kkk lTk^kkbkkQkrYk~ bYkRmZkg kkbkTkg
PnXZkYkTknYkzP Rk^kR~ ^kk Tk ^kvlP lA\k ekkP^ZkYkbYkklXkh
Ckm^kkl^kbkv-(kAkkg) YkYk ^kmbkk ^klSk@vAYkkbkkYkAh Pk^kPk
Ak\kvTk ZknaYkkAg bk^kvrakkg AnOMl\kTkmHkkCk@Okg Tk kZkPv APnrYk~
Ykvl@AmZkh-Psc lAYkQkrYkbYkkAg Ak\kkU^ZkZkkvk ? bkBkkZkh, CkYZkPkg
ZkQkvg b^kb^kAkZkrlTk^krcOkkZk(bk^kvr Ykvl@AkHkTkk lTkakYkTP)
Ckm^kkl^kbkv-(b^kCkPg)ck lSkA~.Pv WknlYkTPkvYkvl@AmZkkh.Pvakkg
AvFkTk bkgbApPg bkYZkCkv^k HkkTkTPPbYkkRvPvakkg Un@bPkTYkYk ^kJFkTkkkZkTkkv lHkCkkbkPkv([CkkPnlYkFGPh) ^kRTkv Hk\koAkk^kvk ^kkXkoP~
(ATSk@kYkTZkk Ul@^kPrZZk) ckv, Ykv TZkvYkvl@AmZkkh .Pvakkg
WknlbP@kv TZkoTk ^k klPXkklPbPn, .PvakkYkCk|v YkYk YkbPaAbZk
FkkPnZk kFkn@Zkk YkkkZkk RkrlZkPng kZkPv(kAkkg) cgckv !bkgbkk@bkkCk@v lTkYkCTkk Ykvl@AmZkkh ! ZknaYkkAg Wkh bkYkbZkk ^kPrTPv

36

37

9.Ykvl@AkYkkwN\km\kk

bP^ZkbPg TkkYk TkkKAYk~

bP^ZkbPg TkkYk TkkKAYk~

^Zkk^kckl@Zkh, AkwKnYWkZkh, ksQkZkFk bkYkbZkkbPkbkn kSkkTkkh

PbYkkP~ bkRk vCkh, k^kvkh ZkklRAklTk YkkTklbkAklTk bkgAKklTk
WkkSkTPv ZknaYkkTk~
Ykvl@AmZkkh-ckw ^kOM@~Vn\k~ ! .ak AkvlU ZkkvCkm^k RpZkPvZk<ZkvPvTk
ZkRnPg PRTZkvTkklU AQklZkPng kZkPvU@TPn ZkvTk YkvOk k^kFkTkg
A@kvZkvak Pk^kPk YkvOk AvTkklU Tk Rkg k^kFkTkYk~ kpOknYkbPk^kP~
Ag Ul@ck@g bkoFkZkZkvak bkYkbZkkTkkYkbYkRmZkkTkkYk~
Ckm^kkl^kbkv-RpZkPkYk~akK~FkklOk ^kPrTPv YkTknaZkRvcvPklTk YkTknaZkRvcv
bknkkZkkh AnOMl\kTkmTkkYTZkkh kPvh kbkk@v WkkSkkg HkTkZkTPZklR
Pvakkg FkkOkkg XkE*h Xk^klP, PRk l^kTkk AYklU \kvkg AnOMl\kTkmkPh
S^k kFk\klPZkQkk ^kmQZkkYk~ U^kkl@Pvakn lk\kkBkOMklRakn ^kkcTkkTkkg
Fk\kTkg lTkakZkocg Xk^klP, PP~PRk FkkbYkkAg kPh HkkCkl@Pk
Xk^klPnPklTk bkkSTkkvPng kZkPvbYkklXkh
kQkYkh HkTkh-S^k kFk\kPmlP lA\kk^kkvFkhPsc AnOMl\kTkmkPh
YkTknaZkkOkkg UkRP\kv ^kPrPv ^kk ?
Ckm^kkl^kbkv-(b^kCkPg) lAYknk@g RkP^ZkYk~ ? z^kklP^kakvrXZkh Uo^k AnkklU
ARklU UlLPv AbYkgFkTk PTkkkbkmZkkWkTSkv AnOMl\kTkmkPh
YkTknaZkk@m@bZk SkkvXkkCkv ^kPrPv lP AlQkPYkkbkmP~SkkvXkkCkkv
TkkYk lA\k UkRP\kYk~(kAkkg)kYk~ bkZkYk~
lPmZkh HkTkh-UkRP\kv ^kPrYkkTkk kPh AQkYkoS^krXkkCkg Fk\klP ?
Ckm^kkl^kbkv-Xkk@Pv lTkCkoNk @cbZkl^k<k Wkh bkTPPkbkkg YkSZkv
UkRP\kCkPkZkkh AnOMl\kTkmkPvh YkbPAUZkrTPg bkJFkk\kTkg AQkg
A@OkmZklYkZkbYkTk~ l^kakZkv AklFkR~ l^k<w^k lTksYkPk bP, ZkbZkkh
bkgekk PTkl^k<vlPU@TPn Ykk lWklXkPcYkbYk lA\kkk, bk^k

WkkvSkZkklYk
lPmZkh HkTkh-YkZkk ZkP~ Upg PbZkkvk@g Tk \kWSkYk~
Ckm^kkl^kbkv-PRnk@YkPm^k bkn\kXkYk~UZkXkk@Pv U@YU@kTknCkPg
Hkm^kTkYk~ TknlPTPkv HkTkk SknTkklU zA An^krTP ?
Ykvl@AmZkk HkTkkh-zA An^krTP ?
Ckm^kkl^kbkv-ZklR Fkdknakkvh UmMk HkkZkPv, PRk UkRP\kg AvTkklU Pw\kvTk
YkRrZkTPPRk Pw\kYk~ S^k CkFGlP, Tkvkg Fk bUpklPUmMk Fk
Ul@lZkPvZklR Fkdknakkv@v^k Pw\kg kZknHZkPv PRk zA Xk^kPmlP
ZkoZkg ^kvQk
lPmZkh HkTkh-ekkPYk~ZklR lk@hko\kg Xk^klP,PRk PTkl^k<kkZkkvCkvOk
UkRZkkvh ^kPrYkkTkkg AnOMl\kTkmkPg HkkCk@lZk^kk YkbPAv
k^kvkTkmZkYkbYkklXkhPRk lk@hko\kYkUCkPg Xk^klP
Ckm^kkl^kbkv-(bkkFkZk) @v, .^kgl^kSkh AnOMl\kTkmkPvUZkkvCkkv YkYkw^k
Tk ekkP kbkmP~ .Pv Ykvl@AmZkk TkoTkg WknlYkk@k Zkv IklKlP Pg
l^kakZkg ekkP^kTPh
Ykvl@AmZkkh HkTkkh-(U@bU@vOk)SknTkk YkwCk|vTk~(Migraine)TkkYkAYk~
.AUk^krlk@hko\kYkbYkkTk~ WkcnSkk WkkSkPvWkcnlXkh kZknPTkkTkkXkvakHkw@lU lXkakCXkh lZkYkkOkk PlklAbkk Tk bkkV\ZkYk^kkU.PvTk
Xkk@PmZkvTk AnOMl\kTZkkh kPvh lTka\kvkg bkgFkk@kZk ZklR akK~ FkklOk
TkkZkTPv, PRk AnOMl\kTkmkPh bYkkTk~ YkwCk|vTk~-l^kYknPkTk~
Al@aZkPm^k klPXkklPUZkkYkbPk^kP~
kQkYkh Ykvl@AmZkh HkTkh-UkRP\kCkPZkkh AnOMl\kTkmkZkk YkbPAv
bkgJFkk@v Akl@Pv YkbPAko\kg TkZklP .PvTkvRg lbklP ZkTYkbPACkPkZkkh AnOMl\kTkmkZkkh UnTk@SkkvXkkCkva^kkAakrOkvTk HkkTknko\kg , PQkk

38

39

bP^ZkbPg TkkYk TkkKAYk~

bP^ZkbPg TkkYk TkkKAYk~

UkRko\kg Fk lXkakHZkPv
Ckm^kkl^kbkv-cYk~bkZkYk~
Ykvl@AmZkkh HkTkkh-^kvl@ OK@vbKE~Ck~ bPn, .^kg AnOMl\kTkmkPHkkCk@OkkQk ^kg AlP SkTkYkUvdkbkv ?
Ckm^kkl^kbkv-PTTk ^kP^ZklYklP bYkkAg Ckn^kZkwrYkrckAnOMl\kTkmb^kklYkkmUkRw@kekkYk~bYkkAg U@YkkFkkZkwrh kmkmkm WkpcAnOMl\kTkmb^kklYkkmUkRw@TknCkpcmPkg kmbkoPlYkYkkg Pn Xkk@Pv kWkk\kCkkvUk\kg
bk^kvrlU HkkTkTPl^kOkg PTkl^k<kZkkh lkaZkvXZkkv Tkw^k lXk<Pv
Uklc lkaZkSkTkg bkYZkCk~ SkTkUkwh A@kvlak lAYk~ ?
Ykvl@AmZkk HkTkkh-(bkcakkvrkbkg) l^k k@~ ^kvl@ YkFk~ YkvbM~Xk^kkTk~
AbYkTk~ kRvkv \kWSkHkTYkk ?
Ckm^kkl^kbkv-Zk<lU RldkOkv Xkk@Pv HkkPkvbYZkcYk~lATPn lk^kakr .^k
AkwKnYWkAvXZkkv l^kakZkvXZkkv l^k@Ph bkTk~ lcYkk\kZkg kl^khPk
Wkcna^kkkYkvakn Ak\kZkkUTkg Ap^kkTPv PTkkvk@Ab^kklYklXkh
PTkl^k<kZkkg RmldkPh bkTk~ PTkZkkvCkm Xko^kk HkkCkl@PAnOMl\kTkmkPh
bk^krk lkaZkkTknCk|ckQkrYk~ RkTk{ bkJFk@klYk
kQkYkh Ykvl@AmZkh-U@TPn Xk^kPkvPg Xk^knYkrckAnOMl\kTkmb^kklYkkmUkR
lP ? Qk AkvZkg PTkkvk@Ab^kkYkm ?
Ckm^kkl^kbkv-(b^kCkPg) cTP YkYk YknBkklTTkhbkpPg CkUg b^kZkg l^kbYkpP^kkTkbYk
UnFGl^kcmTkv Ak YkArKPk bYk@Okl^kcmTkv zA Fkkv@^kYk~ ZkkXkkOkAh
lAlYkRkTk{ ^kRklTk ?(l^klFkTZk bkcak)bPn,Rp RkTkmYkXZknUkZkh
(kAkkg)YkckAnOMl\kTkmb^kklYkkmUkR lP Pvakkg bkgekk\knPkg
PTkl^k<kg P .^kkvpZk \kkvAv kFkk@ZkYkkbknbPbYkkP~ Pv PTkkvk@A-

b^kklYkTk lP HkTkwh bkglekPkh

lPmZkh Ykvl@AkHkTkh-Psc Xk^kPh U@YkkFkkZkvOr k WkpcAnOMl\kTkmb^kklYkkmUkRvTk zA ApPYk~ ?
Ckm^kkl^kbkv-(b^kCkPg) AzU k}k \kkE*\kYklU k^ZkYk~ (kZknUTTkYklP^kg RkrlZk^kk)PTkkvk@g Ap^kk \kkvAv kFkk@Zk lP Pw@bYkn^kZkvrXZk kekk Rkk
lPmZkh Ykvl@AkHkTkh-kvc,~ .^kg ^kk ? Psc bk^k bkYkJHkbkYk~
Ckm^kkl^kbkv-(b^kCkPg) RkTk{ UlPPk Ykv YkmTkk YkZkk kbkkl@Pv
Hkk\kvzA A@^kkOZkSknTkk ? Xk^kPn, RpYk~.TkHkmr lP kWRYklPPYkkg
@kvFkZkTP Ykv, PbYkkP~ PYkv^k kWRg kZknHZk YkZkk Wkkl\kkvXZk .PvXZkh
SkTkXkbkAk .^kkAakkrlYk(kAkkg) lkZkk Ykvl@AkHkTkkh,
PTkl^k<kZkkYk~ TknlPkZkkg ZkolTk^kbkr\k~ .TkHkmr cbPCkPg
Xkl^kaZklPPRk YkTknaZkbZk bk^kkr ZkUvdkkh UoOkkr Xkl^kaZkTP
AFkTk bUvKvA\bk~Skk@m-ZklR PTkl^k<kZkk TknkTkvTk .TkHkmr $\kkv
Xkl^kaZklP, zA YkYk Fkdknh bURpl Xkl^kaZklP ? lAYkcg l^kTkk
bUvKvA\k~ l^k^kg bUg ng kTkkvlYk ?
AFkTk \knkAlPUZkRTPh-ZklR PTkl^k<kZkk TknkTkvTk Rvcv bk^krk
.TksHk $\kkv Xkl^kaZklP, zA YkYk \knkk RTPkh UnTk^kTP ?
Ckm^kkl^kbkv-(b^kCkPg) SkYkrbkgAKlYkRYk~ zA Wk|^kklOk ? (kAkkg)
ZkoZkYkSknTkk Wkk\kkbPTkl^k<kZkkYk~ kQkYkPkv RmldkPk Xk^kPYkvOk
Wkc^kkv l^kakZkk ekkbZkTPv
Ykvl@AkHkTkkh-kYk~, bkZkYk~CkkYXkmZkrbP@bZk ZkQkk \kkvUkv Tk Xk^klP
PQkk ^kRZkvak Unakh.ak PTkl^k<kZkkg bkklSkPkTkvAlbkll@^k
klPXkklPl^kTkk SkTkbkYkUrOkg AkZkrkPmdkk Ykvl@AkbkgkRkZk-

40

41

bP^ZkbPg TkkYk TkkKAYk~

bP^ZkbPg TkkYk TkkKAYk~

l^kkPmUYk~PbYkkR~ RmZkPkYkbYkklXkSkrTkYkbYkw
(Ykvl@AkHkTkkh SkTkg ZkFGTP)
Ckm^kkl^kbkv-(b^kCkPg) .PwSkrTkg Pn RkYk~ZklR SknTkk Hkkvakg lPklYk,
Zkg ^kJFkA lP kkvkTP Ykv Ykkg Ak@kCkk@g k^kvkZkTPzA
A@^kklOk ? (l^klFkTZk bkcak) Xk^kPn, RpYk~(kAkkg )PTkl^k<kZkkh
kQkYkg bkkvUkTkg TkkYk bkgbApPXkkakkZkkh ekkTkYk~ bkgbApPXkkakkZkk
Wkh bkgekkh bkTP, Zkkbkkg Ckm^kkrOkXkkakk, Ckw^kkrOkm^kkOkm, Rv^kXkkakk,
Rv^k^kkOkm lP FkPkh bkgekk TZkPYkkhUklOklTkTkkYkk ,lakh AFkTk
bkgbApPXkkakkZkk Yko\kUkv cvPnhU@bU@vOk AQkg bkgXkkakOkmZklYkZkv^k
HkTkkh Un@kPTkAk\kv Tk HkkTkTP bYkQkkrP~, .AvTk ApPYk~ kvUnKFk\kTkg Rp^kkTk~ TZkkv HkTk kvUnKg Fkk\klZkPnHkrTkbZk lR zA
^kPrP lP Tk ^kvlk bYkUklOklTk@v^k RgkQkYkPZkk URklTk bkpaKk
AOLAnc@kP~ AQkg S^klTksTkhbkk@OkmZk lP, AQkg bkgXkkakOkg A@OkmZklYklP
FkkbYkTk~ l^kakZkv AlPFkTk ZkolTk^ksbkKm lM\kkvYkk Akvbkrbk~ k@XZk
bKoMvOK~HkTkkTk~ WkkvSkZkkYkkbkUklOklTkTkk bkpbZk ZkolTk^ksbkKm^Zkkck@l^kkvakbZkw^k bkgbApPXkkakvlP TkkYkSkvZkYk~Av^k\kg bkgbApPXkkakk
lP .AbZkkYkv^k bkgekkZkkg RkkZkkg, AbZkklU PbZkkYk~ lXkYkkTkkv
Tkkv^kPmlP l^klFkTZk Rv^kXkkakk, Rv^k^kkOkm, Ckm^kkrOk^kkOkm,
Ckw^kkrOkm ^kkOkm lP FkPkh U@k lU bkgekkbPvTk ApPkh
.Ah Ykvl@AkHkTkh-PvTk UklOklTkTkk AkvlU Ck|TQkkv @lFkPkv ^kk ?
Ckm^kkl^kbkv-kYk~@lFkPhPvTk l^k@lFkPbZk Ck|TQkbZk AkSZkkZkmlP
TkkYkSkvZkYk~
.Ah Ykvl@AkHkTkh-Psc AYZkolTkAvakTk~ bA\bkbZk kQkYkg k^kPk
UklOklTk@v^kUbkrTkkl\kKm Mv^k\kYkvOK~ Akvbkvrakn UklOkTkvh AkSZkkZkm

WkkNg lTkZkkvHZkk
Ckm^kkl^kbkv-Qk lAYk~SknTkk UklOklTkTkk bkgbApPXkkakkZkk WkkvSkTkg
ZkvTk kAk@vOk ApPg PvTkw^k kAk@vOk bkgbApPg ZknaYkXZkg WkkvSkZkklYk^klcPk
Xk^kP
(lkdkOkkTkTP@g), SknTkk @kYkkWRbZk URUklOk lkdkkYkcw
bkgbApPXkkakkZkkh bk^kkrOZklU URklTk U@YkUl^kkklOk PbYkkP~
Ak@OkkP~ @kYkkWRbZk URUklOk ZkRk WkkvSZkTPv, PRk bk^kwr@lU
`ZkPUkR@dkwXkkr^ZkYk~(lP UkR@dkkg ZkHklPPPbbk^kvr Ykvl@AkHkTkkh UkR@dkkg ZkHkTP )
@kYkh @kYkkw @kYkkh ZkkRmlTk @kYkkWRbZk URkTkkg b^kUklOk
U@TPn @kYkh @kYkkw @kYkkh Zkv^k bkYknkk@Okv Pn bkgbApPXkkakk
Tk cbPCkPk Xkl^kaZklPPbYkkRv^kg ^kP^ZkYk~
(bklTkYkml\kPTkZkTkg bkbkgZknPA@ZknCk\kg Fk ) bZk km@kYkkWRURUYkckYkTkbZk UklOklTk ,lakhPkXk^kPm XkCk^kPm Ckw^kkrOkm ^kkOkm
Rv^kPkCk<g GTRh@kYkkWRURUkOkkg AOLvA@Okv l^klTkZkkvCkh
l@h Xk|kvYk~ Xk|kvYk~- @kYkh @kYkkw @kYkkh Xk|kvYk~
Ykvl@AkHkTkkh-(bklTkYkml\kPTkZkTkg bkbkgZknPA@ZknCk\kg bkXkZknvAg Fk)
bZk km@kYkkWRURUYkckYkTkbZk UklOklTk ,lakhPkXk^kPm
XkCk^kPm Ckw^kkrOkm ^kkOkm Rv^kPkCk<g GTRh @kYkkWRURUkOkkg
AOLvA@Okv l^klTkZkkvCkhl@h Xk|kYv k~Xk|kYv k~-@kYkh @kYkkw @kYkkh Xk|kYv k~
Ckm^kkl^kbkv-< k^kFkTkg bkYkkkYk~Xk^klh bk^kwr@lU < kZkTkk^kbk@v
YkZkk ZkRnPg PbZk lk^kk@Yk~ kk@Okg Ap^kk klZkP^ZkYk~kkPh
Ak\kv Wk|kv YkncoPr QkkZk bTkkTkkTkTP@lYkRv^kPkg YkTklbk bkgA\Zk
YkZkkvPbZk YkckYkTkbZk kk@OkYk~ .Az^kklP^kk@g APr^ZkYk~

42

43

bP^ZkbPg TkkYk TkkKAYk~

Ykvl@AkHkTkkh-(bkl^kbYkZkYk~)ckv bkgkRkZkkvZkYklFkTPPUo^krh SkTZkk
^kZkg Zkw@vPkRpkkvnPh Unakkv RkrTkbkn\kXkPkg CkPh(kAkkg) bPn
^kZkg PQkw^k Al@aZkkYkhSknTkk ^kZkg bkgA\UP^kTPkv Zkk^k Ykvl@AkTkkCk@A^kg ^kZkg Ak@ZkkYkh
Ckm^kkl^kbkv-(bkcakrYkkYkCkPg) YkZkk Uo^k ZkRXZkolcPg @k}vbYkTk~ Tk
Av^k\kg YkckWknlYkTPh U@TPn YkckWkkl\kkk lU bkTPmlP, PP~
bkZkYkv^k(kAkkg) .PRnPYk~.A^kakkrP~ Uo^k XkCk^kPm lkUn@bknTR@m
YkYk b^kkv Ykvl@AkHkTkwbP^k Pk}TkkCk@APk Ak@lZkaZkPv
lP P^kPm kbkmP~SknTkk Fkl@PkQkmrXkoPk PRmZkk ^kkOkm
(lP lTkakTPkh bk^kvr)

lP Ykvl@AkYkkwN\km\kk

44

10.SkoPrCkpcmPbkkTkRn@^kbQkk
(Qk kl^kklP SkoPkrSkm^k@kv @E*bZk ^kkYkUk^krPh, bkkTkFk
RldkOkXkkCkPh)
SkoPkrSkm^k@h-ckv XkkCZk^kkTkbYkckv UoPHkTYkk FkkZkbYk kXk^kPkg
Ul^kkbZk UkRUEHkZknCk\kbZk RkrTkvTk(lP ZkkvlHkPA@ZknCk\kh
^kTkPlk@bAFkklXk^kkRZklP)
bkkTkh(bkkPEg) cTP, cTP, kkP@v^kkbZk SkoPrbZk RkrTkvTk RkwXkkrCZk^kkTk~
UkUHkTYkk FkkbYk bkg^kpkh (kAkkg bkRkN) Akv ^kpkkTPh?
SkoPkrSkm^k@h-lAYkv^kg UpFGP kFkkZkrUkRwh ? Xk^kPkYkkekkl^kSkvZkh
Bk\^kZkg HkTkhXk^klZkrP~ UkRkE*\ Zkk RZkrPv PTYkkRpkvTk HkTkvTk lk@bkk
^kkvN^ZklYklP bkYknRkFkk@h
bkkTkh(kYkCkPg)lAYklU lTklcPYkTkvTk RnvTk RZkv(kAkkg)bUaKg
Wk|olc lR bQkPYk~
SkoPkrSkm^k@h-Xk^kPkg RkrTkbkkwXkkCZkg ZkTYkZkk \kWSkg PPkvZklSkAP@g bknBkg
Tkw^kkbPmc HkCklPUnakkQkkrFk^kk@ lP Pn kkZkkv^kkRh^kbPnPbPn
.A .^k UnakkQkr lP YkPg Ykv bk Fk UnakkQkrh Xk^kkRpkUOMPRkrTkUh
bkkTkh-@kHkkTkkv ZkRk kbkTk~ Xkk@Pv PRk ^kTRXkm @kekkg bPnPZkh ApPk
ZkvTk Pv ^kTRTkkv SkTkklRAYk~ \kXkTPYklZk SkTkg TkkbP
SkoPkrSkm^k@h-(AOkkwr lUSkkZk)kkTPg UkUYk~ lAlYkRYkTZkkZZkg ZkvTk Ykkg
SkTkvTk YkkUZkTZkkFkkZkrUkRkh ? cg Pn l^k<klXkYkkTkm bkTTklU
Xk^kUkRUEHk@HkhbUkvrZkUZkkrkYklcYkk
45

bP^ZkbPg TkkYk TkkKAYk~

bP^ZkbPg TkkYk TkkKAYk~

bkkTkh(bkkvSkg)-@v, UZkYkYk APr^Zkg Wkcn ^kPrPvcYkSknTkk klPv

(lP kbQkkTkg TkkKZklP)
SkoPkrSkm^k@h- Ykk Ykk nSZkTPn YkYk~Xk^kPkg kvSk@PvTk Fkdknakk kZkkv
\kkvAk lU XkbYkmXkoPk Xkl^kaZkTP Ak CklPXkr^kPn YkkRpkbZk
^k@kAbZk ?
bkkTkh-zA ^kkJGlbk ?
SkoPkrSkm^k@h- AvTkFkTk AYkrOkk Al@aZkYkkOkvTk Xk^kPkYkTknCk|cg YklZk
UlPaZkYkkOkg ^kkJGklYk
bkkTkh-(UnTkh bkkvkb^k@g)zA ^kkJGlbk ?
SkoPkrSkm^k@h-GkvlKAkRkTkv Zkk^kkTk~ bkYkZkkvUvdZkPv, bk .^k bkYkZkkvUvdZkPv
AkZkrbZkkbZk lTk^krcOkv
bkkTkh-(bkkvSkg bkkvkkvkk@Okg ) UZk, .PvTk bkgWkvTk ^kkZkvTk YkYk
bkYkZkg Ykk YknSkk AnbUg AQkZk, zA PP~?
SkoPkrSkm^k@h-(b^kCkPg)Zk<vak dknh AmKkv MZkPv, .PbZk Ck|cOkgg
YkckAkZk (kAkkg)SkoPkrSkm^k@^kgkFkl@PlYkZkvAg YkckAk^Zkg
^kPrPvPk UJFkkkP~ bkCkkrh, UJFkbkckg U<klTk Fk bkTPPbZk
bkgbApPvP@XkkakkZkkYkTkn^kkRkv Xk^klZkrlR @FklZkaZkPv,PRk TkoTkg
l^k^kbYkTk~ ^kPrYkkTkkh bk^kvr HkTkk SkTZkk Xkl^kaZkTP, UJFkXkoPklTk Fk
YkkvlRaZkTPv
bkkTkh-@v, UZk YkYk WkcolTk APr^ZkklTk bkTPSknTkk PP~ APn YkYk
bkYkZkk^kbk@kv TkkbP
SkoPkrSkm^k@h-lAYkv^kYk~ TknCkpPv lTkakvSkkYkAkv ^kkZkYknPkYklOkXkr^klh?
^kbPnPbPn l^kSZkkYkAvTk ^kkZkvTkkvFFkl@PvTk Xk^kl@TknCk|kkvZkg
HkTkhApPvTk lA\kwPvTk XkoZkkTk~ SkTk@klkXkr^kPkg cbPCkPkv Xkl^kaZklP

bkkTkh-(bkkvSkg)zA SkTkvTk Ykkg vPnYklXk\kaklbk?

SkoPkrSkm^k@h-(AOkkwr lUSkkZk)kkTPg UkUYk~lAYkv^kYkTknCkpP
kFkkZkrUkRwh ? bYkkRpkkbPn Xk^k+kbkRkbkRkbkkh
bkkTkh-PbZk Ck|TQkbZk YknBkUkv AbZk TkkYkSkvZkg YknkZkPv ?
SkoPkrSkm^k@h-AbZk TkkYkSkvZklYklP Tk YknBZkg ^kbPnZkbZkklU AbZkklU ^kk
Xk^kPn YknBkUnKv YknYkkOkg TkkYkSkvZkYk~Akvk l^kkvakh ? ZklR Fk
UkUApZkYkvPTYkTZkTPv Xk^kTPh, SkTkkRkTkvTk Ul@ck@bPn ^kPrP .^k
UkZkPkYkk Xk^kRmZkh AKkdkh-(Zkn^kk Wk\kkP~ lAJFkR~ SkTkg
UOMPcbPv bQkkUZklP, PPh) cg HkkTkklYk ZkP~ lAJFkRvPlRlP
Ck|TQkbkYkkkkw lSkAg RkbZkklYk
bkkTkh-@v, @v zA A@kvlak? (lP l^k@kvSkg TkkKZklP, U@TPn cbPv
SkTkbQkkUTkg SkoPkrSkm^k@vOk lZkYkkOkg lTk@kvnYkbkYkQkkvr Xk^klPPPFk
b^kCkPg)ck cTP cTP, lAlYkRkTk{ bkg^kpkYk~UlPPkvbYk SkoPTrv k kbkkl@Pv
Hkk\kvZkPYklRP@AkZkvrOk YkZkk SkoPrAkZk A@OkmZkYkkUlPPYk~
b^kZkgAp PkvZkYkU@kSkhYkZkk ^kvPR~ RpNb^k@^kPk lTkakvSkTkmZkYkkbkmP~cv
U@YkkYkTk~, lAYkQk YkkYkA@kvYkpRr n RZkYk~ ?(lP bklFkTPg lTkakYklP)
SkoPkrSkm^k@h-(kAkkv \kdZkg Wk^kk) kZkkrh, UZkPkSkYkrYk~Ck|TQkkvlU
YkZkw^k @FZkPkg, SkTkYklU YkZkw^k RmZkPklYklP cTP,l^kHkZkPv Al\kh
SkTklYklP kWRg kn^kk AQkg \kk\kkg kk^kZklTP SkTklUkkFkkh
(l^klFkTZkkYkCkPYk~)^kbPnPbPn YkZkk lAYklU Tkw^k RkP^ZkYkkbkmkbYkw
YkoNkYkTkvbPn, CkPg TkkTknkkvFkTP SkoPkrhCk|TQkbkYkkkkw PbYkw
lAYkZkRkbZkTk~ AZkklU ZknZkk Ck|TQkYkUcl@aZkklYk, YkYk TkkYkSkvZkYk~
Tkn^kkRA^kvTk YknBkUnKv YknkUlZk^kk kAKlZkaZkklYk Fk(bkl^kPA)
lAYkQk YkZkk PbYkw SkTkg RkYk~ ? AvTkkZknUkZkvTk PRZkkcPn

46

47

bP^ZkbPg TkkYk TkkKAYk~

kZkPv(lP lTkakTPh)
(PPh kl^kklP lPmZkkv SkoPrh)
lPmZkkv SkoPrh -(kYkCkPYk~)YkZkk PbZk UOMPbZk Ck|cOkkP~ Uo^krYkv^k
kQkYkkv SkoPrbPg b^kcbPv TkPrlZkPnYkk@WSk^kkTk~zA A@^kklOk ? Xk^kPn,
RpYk~(kAkkv \kdZkg Wk^kk) kZkkrZk U@Ykk@kSZkkZk l^k<kl^kTkZkbkgUkkZk Xk^kPv TkYkkv TkYkh(lP kOkkYkYklXkTkmZk bkcak ) TknCkpcmPkvbYkmRkTk{ Xk^kP klkakk^k@g RRkPn Xk^kkTk~YkZkk HkCklP
AmsPYkkbkkRlZkPng lTkFkZkh ApPhApUZkk lAYklU Xk^Zkg Ak^Zkg
l^k@FZk RRkPn Ykv Xk^kkTk~lAlYklP lAlYklP ? Tk kZkP lP ?
Zkv, bkA\k^kkEZkkvRlSkYkkUkvkTkmApP^kPkv Xk^kPh AkZkrlYkRg
Po\kkvQkkUTkbkglYkPYk~kCkklYklTk Ykkbkv Ak^ZkbZk YknkUOkg
kk@bZkvAk^ZkbZk kAkkTkDkkvakOkk AbZkkJFkTk bkXkkZkkg
Xkl^kaZklPYkYk lk@lbk ZkP~ Al@aZkPv ATkA^kakrOkg PbZkkg bkXkkZkkg
bkXZkwbPP~ UZkPn Xk^kkTk~zA l^kAkEdklP Xk^kkTk~ ? (kYkCkPg)
kQkYkvTk SkoPvrTk CkpcmPkvZkg TklFkTPTkbkkYkQZkkvr Y\kkTk^kRTkkv YkYk
l^keklkYkE*mApP^kkTk~TkYkkv TkYkh kQkYkSkoPkrZk(lP lTkakYklP)
(TkvUQZkv)
\kg kkbkkQkrUkOMZkw@\kg Ak^ZkkQkrlFkTPTkwh
^kkZkrPv ZkwTkr l^kekkTkkg ^kJFkAvakn l^kSkvZkPk

lP SkoPrCkpcmPbkkTkRn@^kbQkk

48

11.^kkbPl^kAYk~
(PPh kl^kklP UOMPh)
UOMPh -(lTk^krOZkr)ckv bknTR@kbP@E*kh bkYknbZk
l^kkEKv Hk\klTklSk@E*YkOM\kv
bkYkm@OkklOklcPTkkKAkwk\kkh
YkckvTTkPk l^k@lFkPTkkK^kwXk^kk
c@TZkYko YkYk RYkosYkYkkl\kAkh
(bk^ZkHkTk^kmHkTkg)- @v, YkckDkYkrh l^klFkkvZkg lTkbkCkr\km\kk
^kbPnPbPn Hk\kg kmPYk~kmPbUkr^kZk kU lP kkbkva^klU
\kdZkPv Hk\kYk~ U@TPn Hk\kkYkTkh bkYknbZkw^k Pm@v DkYkrh
(PPh kl^kklP k^kkbkm)
k^kkbkm-(lTk^krOZkr)-^kvakvOkwak UOMP ^k RpZkPv.ak kvFk\kTkUo^krAg
lAYklU YknOklPzA YknOkPmlP kpOkkvlYk
UOMPh (Uo^kkvrPYkv^k UnTk@lU ^kRlP)- @v, YkckDkYkrh l^klFkkvZkg
lTkbkCkr\km\kk^kbPnPbPn Hk\kg kmPYk~kmPbUkr^kZk kU lP
kkbkva^klU \kdZkPv Hk\kYk~U@TPn Hk\kkYkTkh bkYknbZkw^k Pm@v DkYkrh
k^kkbkm-(b^kCkPYk~) .ak bkAnPoc\kg lFkTPZkTTkbP, Hk\kbZk kmP^kvlU
lAYkQk bkYknPm@v DkYkr lPHkkTkklYk kTkbZkkbZkkvk@Yk~~cg
^kRklYk(kAkkg) P^k kTkbZkkvk@Ykcg HkkTkklYk
UOMPh-(bkkFkZk ATSk@kg Ul@^kPrZZk lTk^krOZkr)YkcPv bkgPkvakkZk, YkcPv
bkgPkvakkZk ^kbPnPbPn kWkckvh Ak\kkRbYkTk~ l^kakZkv YkYk bkgkZk
kbkmRv^k
49

bP^ZkbPg TkkYk TkkKAYk~

bP^ZkbPg TkkYk TkkKAYk~

k^kkbkm-(AOkvr TkmFkwh) .^kYk~, .^kYk~, .^kYk~, .^kYk~

UOMPh-SkTZkkvbYk lTkekkrPl^kakZkhRkTk{ AQkZk, Qk TkRmPm@vakn
AQkYk~ .Pk^kkTk~ DkYkkvr Tk Xk^klP ?
k^kkbkm-(AOkvr TkmFkwh) .^kYk~, .^kYk~, .^kYk~, .^kYk~
UOMPh-SkTZkkvbYk lTkekkrPl^kakZkhXk^kkTk~ AnPkv RvkkRkCkPh ?
k^kkbkm-@kvlOkFZkkl^kZkkRvkkRkCkPh
UlOMPh-Xk^kPkv TkkYk ?
k^kkbkm-kv\kvJHkmUkvOM}vbk~ Qk Xk^kPh(ZkSkkvrPv) @v UZkPn
Xk^kkTk~ UZkPnYkcklPlYklE**\kh
UOMPh-(Ul@^ksPPATSk@kv ^kmdkPv, PPh bkkFkZkkrTkTRYk~)
Uk@k^kk@lTkYkkTkg bknl^kUn\kbQko\kvTk AkZkvTk ^kk@~Skk@klTkhbk@Okg b^kYkbPAXkn^kk @TSk|vOk ZkFFkkvS^krPh
UvKkAk@YknBkbZk YkmTk^kUnakkv ZkkklU kmDk|k CklPh
zA bk^k Tk lPlYklE*\kbZk HkTkZkZkkFkZkrUk@YU@mYk~
RpUo^kkvrknPUo^kr S^krRpCk~
lkpE*^kkTk~ UmPPTknbPlYklE**\kh
Tk AkvlU bkgkkvSkTkAkwPnAm HkTkkvA@kvP~ AnPkvbYkTk~ l^kakZkv bVnKkg AplPYk~
(l^klFkTZk)YknAvTk Tkw^k @lFkPk AplPh, TZkvTk Tkw^k @lFkPk
AplPl@lP lAYkQkrYkTZkvakkg lk@lbk lZkPkYkYkkdkvUh ? cYkv^k
lPlYklE*\kYkYknYklSkApZk bkgbApPXkkakkZkkg AYklU Ck|TQkg l@@FklZkakklYk
(lP \kvBkTkklXkTkZkg A@kvlP l\kBkTk~ b^kl\klBkPg ULlP) AvaknFkTk
bkYknXkkCkvakn AFkTkkTZklPlYklE*\kl^kbkRpklbPlYklE*\kkv RpZkPvbZk
lk@lbk kw kpE*kw, YkoSkrkRvkv Tkvkg Fk bZk k@m@g UmP^kOkrlYkZkTZkkv

l^kkvakh
kv\kvJHkmUkvOM}vbk~-(bkkFkZk) zA A@kvlak ?
UOMPh-lPlYklE*\kYkYknYklSkApZk Ck|TQkg l\kl\klBkakklYkUo^k Fk AkFkTk
UE~Pms\kBkklYkPPkvlSkAg bkgkkvSkTkg Ap^kklSkAP@g ^kkZkARYWkAg
ZkkvHklZkaZkklYk
kv\kvJHkmUkvOM}vbk~-(bkk^kcv\kg) UZk, ^kR~Ck|TQkbZk klPUk<g ^kbPn Tk
bkkEBZkg, Tk ZkkvCkh, TkklU YkkSZklYkAWkkwCk|TQkhU@TPn lPlYkE*\kh
UOMPh-bPn, PvTk Akv Rkvakh ?
kv\kvJHkmUkvOM}vbk~-UZklPlYklE*\kYklSkApZk TkoPTkg AYklU Ck|TQkg Ykk
@FkZkZklR lAYklU l@@FklZkaklbk, bkkEBZkv bAoK@~ l@Uv@~
lP ^kk, Tk\kl^k@lFkPv UkARUrOkv kKkvlYkA~ lQkZk@m lP
^kk l^kakZkYklSkApZk @FkZkPRk bkvlYkTkk@v UvU@~ kvbkvOKvakTk~ APn
kZkPvQk^kk l^kl^kSkk Rv^kPk lSkApZk bPkvkklOk @FkZkPk^kPk
\kYk~ZklR lPlYklE*\kvTk bkgbApPbZk bkgWkTSkg A\UlZkPnYkmcbkv, .^kg
An
UOMPh-zA A@^kklOk ?
kv\kvJHkmUkvOM}vbk~-^kvRv .^k lkpE*bZk lPlYklE*\kbZk kbPk^kkv ^kPrP
lP klPUkRAg AJFkTk kWkTSkg @FkZkPk Fk ^kvRYkTkkOkkg A@UkRg
lG^kk Tk^kmTkkQk Wk\k^kR~ ZkkvHklZk^kk lPlYklE*\kYklSkApZk ekkTkv
kkk^Zkv ^kvRkSZkZkTkYklTk^kkZkrYk~ lP ^kkZkg l^k@FkZkbkgbApPkvbk^kvakn
Fk PQkw^k XkkakOkg AnPvTk ^kg kkgbkkbkckUkkg Xkl^kaZklbk
UOMPh-@v zA ^kRbZkbkgWkYk~ ? ^kvRv Ank ^kPrPv k RpZkYkkTkbZk
lPlYklE*\kbZk kbPk^kh ?
kv\kvJHkmUkvOM}vbk~-Fk^kkl@ kpE*kbkZkkv bZk UkRk v kmakvr bkk

50

51

bP^ZkbPg TkkYk TkkKAYk~

cbPkbkkv bZklkSkk Wkkv ^kpakXkkv
UOMPh-@v\kYkTkvTk Zkk Pk l^kAQkTkvTk^kZkkvkkl@PvTk YkTkvOk
TkkbZkbZk bkgWkTSkh
kv\kvJHkmUkvOM}vbk~-bkgWkTSkkvbPmlP YkZkk Tkw^k klPUklRPYk~ U@TPn
YkTkbZkkbZk @OkvTk -^kvRbZk bk^krl^k<klTkSkkTk^kg ^kPrP- lP
XkkakOkg An lP YkZkk URvkh ApPh
UOMPh-P^k YkTkbkv ZkQkk ZkQkk @kvFkvP PQkk PQkk Ykk l^kAQkb^k
UZkb^kRpg \kkvAg l^kFkk@vOk l^k\kaZk bkgbApPXkkakkZkkg AkwlK\ZkbZk
Ck|TQk@FkTkkZkkbkkv ZklR TkkU@kSkkZk A\UPv,b^kRpg l^klkg AYklU
kklOkTkYklSkApZk bkgbApPXkkakkZkkg YkYkklU Ck|TQk@FkTkk
Ykk
A\UPkYk~ U@kSkkZk
kv\kvJHkmUkvOM}vbk~-UZkZkbYkTk~ Ak\kv AkwlK\ZkkvHkm^kP~ PbYkTk~ Ak\kv
bkvlYkTkkbkr~ PQkk bkvlYkTkk@vakn XkkCkXkkHkkg lK.lM. ZkklRAg lAYklU
TkkbkmP~PbYkkP~ AkwlK\ZkvTk ApPk Qkrkkbk@FkTkk Tk Rkvakk^kck
lATPn kSknlTkAv Ak\kvlU HkkPvTk ^kZkk lPlYklE*\kYklSkApZk Ck|TQkkv
ZkR~ l@@FklZkaZkPv bkgbApPXkkakkZkkg, PTTk @kvFkPv l^k^kvlAXZkh
UOMPh-(bkbYkPg)zA zA l^k^kvlAXZkkv Tk @kvFkP lPl^k^kvlATkv
ZkvA^kFkTkg kZkkvP^ZkYkk
kv\kvJHkmUkvOM}vbk~-(l^kcbZk) P^kkvkkbkg bkYZkCk~ HkkTkklYk\kdkOkZkk P^k
^kkZkg YkkYkv^k bUpkPmZklU WknSZkv
UOMPh-zA FkkPh ?
kv\kvJHkmUkvOM}vbk~-P^kvRpkvTk AYkrOkk zA SkTkg \kXZkPv, AmsP^kkr \kXZkPv ?
Qk^kk lPlYklE*\kYklSkApZk bkgbApPv ApPkv Ck|TQkh: .Ag Pn\kTkkYkAYk~
SZkZkTkYk~ lP ^kbPn zA lFkTkkvlP AkvlU bkgkkvSkTkl^k<kQkmr ?

UOMPh-@v, ^kg l^klFkkklOk XkkakbkvlAYklU ^kb^klSkApZk AYklU

bkgbApPCk|TQkg @FklZkPng YkZkk ZklR kk@XZkPv, P^k Akv SkYkr\kvkh ?
kv\kvJHkmUkvOM}vbk~-Tk YkYk SkYkr\kvkhU@TPn, Tkk^kZkAg \kTkkbkmlP
Av^k\kg AOkZkw^kYknUlRZkbkv ZkP~
UOMPh-(bkAk^klXkTkZkg) A Ok Zkk U lR Zk bkv,,UZk ZklR
AOkkg lRRkrlZkaklbk, YklZk RkrZk AOkkYkTZkkYk~
kv\kvJHkmUkvOM}vbk~-Qk AmRpk{ AOkkYkUvdkbkv ?
UOMPh-AbYkTk~ l^kakZkv P^k l^kkvakekPk ?
kv\kvJHkmUkvOM}vbk~-kbK}kv lVlbkbkv
UOMPh-bPn kbK}kvlVlbkbkv l^kkvakekkTkkg l^kFkk@CkkvbPRk PRk
lA\k ^Zk^kbQkkZkTPv ?
kv\kvJHkmUkvOM}vbk~-kYk~lATPn P^k lAYkTkvTk ^ZkkUk@vOk ?
UOMPh-Pkbkn XkkakOkA@OkkQk YkkYkkZkb^k
kv\kvJHkmUkvOM}vbk~-(bkkFkZk) lAlYklP lAlYklP ? ^kYk~ klHkCklYkaklbk
kbK}kvlVlbkbk~ekkTkkg bkYYkv\kTkg klP Zk kbK}kvlVlbkbk~ lP
kWRbZkkQkrYkv^k Tk HkkTkklbk ? PkkCkZk ^kg zA XkklakaZkbkv ?
UOMPh-YkZkk .^kg XkkakOkg lZkPv-kbK}kvlVlbkbk~l^kkvakekkTkkg
bkYYkv\kTkv YkYk lAYklU TkkbP ApZkYk~U@TPn kbK}kvlVlbkbk~ l^kakZkv
.^kg ^kPng kTkkvlYk-kbK}kvlVlbkbk~ SZkZkTkvTk HkTkPkZkkg bkZkg
km\kg XkoPRZkk ZkkRZkh bknOkk .SkTPvZkv kbK}klv Vlbkbkg HkkTkTP,
P .^k bkkTkkh, bkgbAplPlTklWkMYkbPaAkFk bkTPkv Xko\kkvAg Ul^kkmAn^krTPYkvl@Ak@aZkklVT\kvOMklRakn @k}av kn kbK}klv Vlbkbk~ SZkZkTkg
bkkg lZkPvlATPn PQkk TkkbYkkAg Xkk@PRvkv.Pkn lTkP@kg
kkvAk^kcYk~^kh U@^kkv ^kk kbK}kvlVlbkbk~ SZkkUlZkPnYkYkvl@Ak-

bP^ZkbPg TkkYk TkkKAYk~

bP^ZkbPg TkkYk TkkKAYk~

RvkP .^k ZklR l^kekklTkTk kCklYkaZkTP bYkkgFk WkkvSkZkTP,

AkvlU Tk l^kbYkZkbPkPTYkk XkolRZkbYkklXkh kbK}klv Vlbkbk~ SZkZkTkg
bkYZkPr^ZkYk~kbK}kvlVlbkbk~Ck|TQkkh kkQklYkAmakn kk\kkb^kv^k
lTk^kkZkrUkL^kvTk Ul@CkOkTkmZkkhHkZkPn HkZkPn kbK}kvlVlbkbk~
kv\kvJHkmUkvOM}bv k~-@v TYkk, P^k AkUvZkg ^kpdkva^kbPn , Ykk UnTkXkoYr kkwUZk
kbK}kvlVlbkbk~l^kkvakekkTkkg bkgbApPg FkkHkkTkPkg HkTkkTkkg bkgbApPYklcYTkh bP^kv TkwbksCkA .^kkbZklSkAk@hU@TPn Zkv bkgbApPekkh bkTPkvlU
kbK}kvlVlbkbkg Tk HkkTkTP, PvakkYk~ kbK}kvlVlbkbk~YklcYkkTkg
bPkvPng TkkbZkcrPk
UOMPh-lAYkQkrYk~ ?
kv\kvJHkmUkvOM}vbk~-Zkg bkgkRkZkkv ZkolTk^ksbkKmbQkPhTk Pn YkZkk ApPh
UOMPh-lAlYklP lAlYklP ?
kv\kvJHkmUkvOM}vbk~-(b^kCkPg) U@gU@kTknCkPvTk UQkk SkmZkYkkTkbkgbApPk
Xkk@PmZkk l^kkgbkh bkgAnlFkPWknZk lP AvTkkZknPv ^kkZkv ApPl^k^kkbkkvkkCkP^kkTkbYkU@TPn, TkwPv PkRpkk lP, ^kbPnPbPn P
.^k l^k^kbZk bk^kvrakn l^kakZkvakn bkAnPoc\kk lP, PvakkYkCk|vbYkkAYkv^k
AnPoc\kg TZkoTkP@lYklP Fk l^kekkZk l^kbYkPkvbYk bkg^kpkhZklR ^kkRg
AYkZkv^kYkv^kkTkn^ksPaZkv, YkYkw^k Wknlh bkgAnlFkPkbPmZkvak ARklFkP~
bkkSkZkvP~PTYkk XkoP~.PvTk YkYk Ck|cOkkP~ kkA~ U\kkZkTkYkvv^k
bkkSkmZkkgbkYknUkZkg YkTZkv(lP IklKlP lTkakYklP)
UOMPh-cv, Xkkvh, Ank Skk^klbk ? ^kg SkmYkkTk~ klPXkklbk ^kZkk AvFkTk
l^kFkk@k ^kZkg FkFkrOkmZkkhZkv, AQkYkvak CkP .^k ?
(TkvUQZkklXkYknBkYk^k\kkvZk) AQkYkvPv l^k^kl^k<klTk\kZkbZk
bkgbApPl^k<ksQkTk P .^kkCkFGTP ? bPn, PkTkv^k UpFGklYk

(PPh kl^kkTP l^k^kl^k<klTk\kZkbZk l^k<ksQkTkh)

l^k<ksQkTkh-kZkr, b^kbP
UOMPh-b^kbPlAYkkCkYkTkkZkkvHkTkYk~ ?
l^k<ksQkTkh-AvFkTk bkgkZkk bYkkTk~ WkkSkTPvbkgkZkUl@ck@kQkrYk~
bYkklXk@kkCkPYk~
UOMPh-lkZkg Ykv lkZkg YkvUpFGTPkg bkgkZkkhZkQkkkP PkTk~
lTk^kk@ZkklYk
kQkYkkv l^k<kQkmr-\kvbkikOM@~ TkkYkk SkTZkHkTYkk bkkTklk@kvYklOkh
bkkwHkTZkbkkwkm\ZkklRbknOkCkOkYkOMPFk^kPmr Xkk@PmZkg SkYk
Ck|mA~-SkYkvrOk bkgCkYkZZk U@YkknPklTk bkkSklZkPng YkTkFkAk@vlP,
RkwXkkrCZkkP~ PbZk b^kkkv HkkCkZkkrZkkg Tk kkU lbkllYklP, ZklR bk
b^kbkgA\UYk~ bkkSklZkaZkR~ Xkk@Pg U@Ykkv^k\kYkXkl^kaZklRlP AvakkJFkTk
YkPYk~Akk WknlUlP@kXk^kPh ?
UOMPh-\kvbkikOM@~ ! \kvbkikOM@~ ! Zk<lU AvakkJFkTk YkckYkvSkkl^kTkkg
YkPg U@YkbkZk^kvTk \kkvAv lR lSk|ZkPv, PQkklU koZkPklYkRYk~l^k^kbYkTk~ HkMWknl^kpTRlTklWkMv An^krTk~ HkDkTZkkh lZkkh
\kkDZk^kg \kXkPv ARkFkTk YkckRkvakekCkkvkg Bk\kh
RCSkCk|TQkCkpcg kDkklPPHkTkg l^kmPYkZkr^k|Hkg
^kmdkb^k bPnPYkwlPcklbkAApPCk|TQkva^k\kvbkikOM@Yk~
kQkYkkv l^k<kQkmr-(bkcak)^kCkPYkkAoPYk~SknTkk ApUZkkvFZkPkYk~
U@YkkvApkTkkg ^kwRvlkAkTkkg bkgbApPl^kRnakkg Xkk@PmZkl^kRnakkg Fk YkSZkv
zA TkkYk kSkkTkg ^kwbkkRpZkYk~ ?
UOMPh-^kZkYk~ kYk|WkmHkk^kkUg AnYkrhkYk|^kpdkbZk FGkZkkbkn
l^kkkYZkkYkhkYk|bZk kkBkkbkn Bkv\kkYkhkYk|V\kklTk b^kkRZkkYkh,

bP^ZkbPg TkkYk TkkKAYk~

TZkvXZkkvlU R>hQk Fk- kYk|^kpdkkh AlP bkTP, kkBkkh
AlP, V\kklTk AlP, kYk|bZk @kvUOkg ARk ApPg, Av @kvCkk kYk|^kpdkv
bkYknUTTkkh, PlklAbkk ARk AQkg ApPk ZkklRl^kakZkv UJHk{ AnYkrh
b^kkRZkkYk|V\kg b^kkRn @kvUZkkYk|PTk~ WkcoTk~
@FkZkkYk|nYkCk|TQkg ;- bkpHk, bkpg Fk lFkTPZk
-Zkvak \kkvAkvbYkkAg Ul^kkkv YkTkh
^kwRvlkAk l^kkgbkbPn kYk|XkdkOkg AnZkrTkkrYklATPn kYk|^kpdk@kvUOkg
b^kkvlU Tk AkYkZkTPv Zkv Hk@P kYk|^kpdkbZk l^kakZkv UJHk{ An^krTP
@kvUZkvTTk ARkZkkYk|g bknSkmbPP~ b^kkRZkvR\kYk~
Ck|TQkkTk~ SZkkYk|CkkvkklR lATPn AnZkkrP~ kZkTkPh
-Zkvak \kkvAbPvakkg bkTkkPTkbZk SkYkrbZk bkk@h
lPmZkkv l^k<kQkmr-Zkv ^kwRlv kAk bkgbApPWknSkkbPkTk~ bk^kkrTk~ Rv^kCkn@kv@kFkkZkkrTk~
AvFkTk YkTZkTPvU@v Pn PkTk~ bkkSkk@OkkTk~ DkkvakZkTPk
zA l^k^kdkZkkZkrh ?
UOMPh- Tk AkAk Tk lUAkh bk^kvr Tk Fkkakk Tk WkAkh bkYkv
l^kcE*YkkTkkg l^k^kbYkTk~ AvZkvPv AvlU Pv Tk lAYk~ ?
PpPmZkkv l^k<kQkmr-UkOMZkYkkbkkRlZkPng A ^kkXZknUkZkh ?
FkPnQkkvr l^k<kQkmr-cg A^kmWknXkoakklYkzA A@^kklOk ?
UJFkYkkv l^k<kQkmr-AnkklU kkbZkP .^kkv<kvCkkvbYkklXkhU@TPn PRTkTP@Yk~
bYkklXkh zA A@OkmZkYk~ ?
akkv l^k<kQkmr-bkgbApPkvk@ lP kWRh kkvkoZkPv^kbPnPbPn AkvZkg
bkgbApPkvk@kv TkkYk ?
UOMPh-YkZkk .vRgl^kakZkAg lAYklU CkmPg @lFkPYk~PRSknTkk CkkZkklYk
Zk<lU CkmPvTkvPTv k knPTv k bk^kvr bkgkZkk ZkkwaYkkAmOkk TkkUCkFGTPPQkklU

bP^ZkbPg TkkYk TkkKAYk~

AkFkTk bkoFkTkk WkkNgg kkZkTPvPkFk ZknaYkkAg lR HkkPUo^kwrs^kFkk@wh bkc bkg^kk< b^kZkg lTkSkkr@Okk A@OkmZkk
<g AQkg CkkZkPn ^kkC^kcmTkh ? bUg AQkg UZkPn TkvkcmTkh ?
@YZkg AQkg TkpZkPn UkRcmTkh ? bkYZkA~ AQkg WkkvSkPn WknlcmTkh ?
bYkTk~ CkmPv ^kk\YkmlA^ZkkbkZkkv@bP kbPk^khPk Tk^kAl^kakn
\kdkOkk ekvZkk, Tk UnTkZkrk Pk ^Zkkbk^kk\YkmlAkOkmPZkkv @FkTkZkkvh
A@UkRg lG^kk lZkYkkOkkTkkg Tk^kmTk@kYkkZkOkYkckXkk@PkRmTkkg
Wkkl\kkCkvZkkTkkYk~ bkpmTkkg Wk|bkn
(CkkZklP)
.lc bkgbApPXkk@lP bVn@RnTTkPknPXkkb^klP
kkFZkUnbPAUOMPv kZkCk|YkbPAYkOMPv
l^kl^kSk^kOkrl^k\kkbkckbkYkTkkvYkckYkkvRkT^kPk
bkYklP l^klcPkSZkZkTkXk@bkgRskPb^kmZkknPk
Ak^ZkkkbkbknUnXkklakPXkolakPg TkpCkOkg lkPk
^kYklbk Tk^klTkYkkrOk@kvYkkJFkTkYklcPHkTkPkRpPk
Ykk Xk^k b^kCkpcmZkRk-lYkP-TkkOkAwWkrcn Cks^kPk
lUlcPTkZkTkk U@lCk@kbkgUbkn Ykk Xk^k Bks^kPk
U@Xkkakk^ZkklkYk^k\kkvZk Xk^k l^kTkZkkR^kTkPk
Xk^k b^kCkkrR^kP@TPm Xknl^k lTk^kkbkkRnTTkPk
Xk^kPn HkTkbkg\kvkbkgclPlRPRZkbUTRTkk
bVn@Pn Al^kPkkvlOk@TknlRTkRmTk\kkvAkTRTkk
bk AplPakn l^klcPbkkSkk@OkYkTknHkWkcn^kTRTkk
^klFk Tk^kmTkkZkkg bkYkTknl\kkklXkTk^k^k@FkTRTkk

bP^ZkbPg TkkYk TkkKAYk~

AFGUm Xk^kPn ^kRmZkk AkvlK@kCkl^kTkklRTkm
AkvlKPk\kCklPYkkR@Xkk^knA^k|HkYkkvlRTkm
YkoNXkk^klk\kkl^kkk\kbPkvYkDkkv@klRTkm
Uol@Pk Pv S^kTkPn TkpZkURwh bkYkbPk YkvlRTkm
Av^k\kg bknlFk@TPTkv ^kbkTkv lFkh bkgZkHZkPkg
Tk^kP@v ^kOkkrNUKlbkFkZkv b^kYklP@Tkn@HZkPkYk~
Tk^kkv ^Zkkbkkv HkkZkPkg Tk^kAkl\kRkbkkv @kHkPkg
TkoTk^kk\YkmlAApP@kYkkZkOkg HkCklP Xk|kHkPkYk~
(lP lTkakTPkh bk^kvr)

lP ^kkbPl^kAYk~

bkYkkklYkRYk~ bP^ZkbPg TkkYk TkkKAYk~

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

bP^ZkbPg TkkYk TkkKAYk~