The efficiency of the overhang shadding devices at west wall and east wall at Masjid

Ara Damansara.| Abdul Azim Bin Abdul Malik

CHAPTER 1:
1.1

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND STUDY

Shading devices is one of the elements of a building. Shading

devices could be an art in a particular building but in the same time it
has their own important purpose which is to avoid or reduce the sunlight
from entering a building through opening.
Various type of shading devices designed nowadays and its
differently design in different region to suit their climatic condition and
giving comfort to the user. It is also have verity in material to suit their
designer desire in order to get an aesthetic design.
In Malaysia, the most well-known shading devices is overhang
shading device. It can be found in most building in our country
especially in residential area. Some designer like to add overhang
shading devices at opening to reduce sunlight from entering the
building besides avoiding rain from directly enter through the opening.

Previous studies investigated the effect of shading devices and

their impact on daylight quantity and distribution that the appropriate
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The efficiency of the overhang shadding devices at west wall and east wall at Masjid
Ara Damansara.| Abdul Azim Bin Abdul Malik

external shading devices can control the amount of solar radiation

admitted into a room, which could largely reduce cooling loads and
improve indoor thermal comfort. Exterior systems are typically known to
be more effective than interior systems in blocking solar heat gain
(Nedhal& Syed Fadzil, 2011)
Overhang

shading

device

is

actually could

reduce

the

temperature but how the survey could conclude the west area is
uncomforted in certain period of time compared to east area of the
building?

1.2

Statement of the Problem

Shading devices is one of the best way to reduce the amount of

sunlight from hitting the internal part of the building through the
opening. Various type of shading devices design in our country and the
most usage of shading devices is overhang shading devices.
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The efficiency of the overhang shadding devices at west wall and east wall at Masjid
Ara Damansara.| Abdul Azim Bin Abdul Malik

Even though, this devices is widely use in most residential area

in our country but why overhang shading devices still cannot overcome
few problem such as over sunlight exposure and human comfort issue.
Users spontaneously used curtains, as mentioned, to overcome
the problems shaped by large glazing area, especially the increasing
sunny area, to block the direct sunrays and to avoid glare (Ahmad,
2014)
I will conduct a research about the efficiency of having overhang
shading devices on west wall and east wall to identify the problems and
how to counter the problems.

1.3

Purpose of the Study

The purpose of the study was to identify and understandthe

efficiency of the overhang shading devices at west wall and east wall at
Masjid AraDamansara, Selangor. From the study, it is expected to gain
knowledge amongst students, public and even professionals regarding
the importance and implication about having overhang shading devices
on east wall and west wall in a particular building and to understand the
fundamental design of having overhang shading devices at mosque.
Consequently, observing and understanding the efficiency of the
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The efficiency of the overhang shadding devices at west wall and east wall at Masjid
Ara Damansara.| Abdul Azim Bin Abdul Malik

overhang shading devices at west wall and east wall at Masjid

AraDamansara, Selangor is important.

1.4

Research aim and objective

The aim of this research is to determine the efficiency of the

overhang shading devices at west wall and east wall at Masjid
AraDamansara, Selangor. It is also expecting to gain more knowledge
about the goods of having overhang shading devices on a specific
building like mosque.

1. To understand the fundamental design of overhang shadding

devices at mosque.
2. To study the design of shadding devices in Malaysia with current
design over the world.
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The efficiency of the overhang shadding devices at west wall and east wall at Masjid
Ara Damansara.| Abdul Azim Bin Abdul Malik

3. To investigate the efficiency of shadding devices application in

Malaysia.
4. To study the efficiency overhang shadding devices on west wall
and east wall at residential area in Ara Damansara.

1.5

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

1.5.1 Research Method

Research Method suit to use is quantitative method in relation to

make comparison between the efficiency of overhang shading devices
on west wall and east wall at Masjid AraDamansara.

1.5.2 Data Collection

1.5.2.1

Primary Data

a) Primary data collection is based on case study about

overhang

shading

device

on

mosque

building

at

Masjid

AraDamansara.
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The efficiency of the overhang shadding devices at west wall and east wall at Masjid
Ara Damansara.| Abdul Azim Bin Abdul Malik

b) Secondly, based on direct observation towards overhang

shading devices is surrounding area.

1.5.2.2

Secondary Data

a) Secondary data collection is based on literature review which

has been read from few journal article and books.

1.5.3 Research Process

The research will conduct by phases to make the program is

conducted in order. The phases are divided into:-

a)

Phase 1: Literature review

b)

Phase 2: Case study

c)

Phase 3: Data analysis

d)

Phase 4: Conclusion

The efficiency of the overhang shadding devices at west wall and east wall at Masjid
Ara Damansara.| Abdul Azim Bin Abdul Malik

1.6

CONTENT OF ORGANIZATION

a)

Phase 1

: i- Get a reference about my overhang

shading devices such as book and journal article.

ii- Make a question air about efficiency of overhang shading
devices at west wall and east wall
iii- Record and tabulating the data and make a conclusion based
on feedback.
b)

Phase 2:

i- Start the research with selecting my case

study at Masjid AraDamansara area and start collecting the data base
on theobjective stated above such as get the light intensity reading
andthe temperature reading at west wall and east wall at certainperiod
of time.
c)

Phase 3:

i- Analysing the data recorded and compare

the light intensity at west wall and east wall and temperature at west
wall and east wall.
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The efficiency of the overhang shadding devices at west wall and east wall at Masjid
Ara Damansara.| Abdul Azim Bin Abdul Malik

d)

Phase 4:

i- Recorded the result and makes an overall

conclusion base on the research done by a certain period of time.

1.7

SKOP AND LIMITATION

1.7.1 Location

The scope of location is only limited at Masjid AraDamansara area and

not involve the surrounding area of the case study.

1.7.2 Building type

The building type is limited to mosque type of building which selected in

AraDamansara which is Masjid AraDamansara.

1.7.3 Time

The duration is only within September to December 2015 local time

(Malaysia) at GMT+8.

The efficiency of the overhang shadding devices at west wall and east wall at Masjid
Ara Damansara.| Abdul Azim Bin Abdul Malik

CHAPTER 2:
2.1

LITERATURE REVIEW

UNDERSTANDING ON SHADING DEVICES

The most important passive cooling strategy is shading. Shading

is a simple way to block the sunlight before it can enter the building
through the opening. Previous study stated that exterior systems are
typically known to be more effective than interior system in blocking
direct sunlight (Nedhal A. Al-Tamimi, 2011). Shading can minimizes the
solar radiation and cool the building effectively and dramatically affect
building energy performance(Maleki, December 2011). The more
effective shading devices, the more comfort level on human. In general,
the level of human comfort is depending on the efficiency of the passive
shading devices attach on a building. Shading is very importance factor
to cool a building in term of avoiding solar radiation from entering a
building through opening, but there are a lot of types shading devices
which can be apply in designing a building. Example of the shading
devices commonly used in word wide are overhang shading devices,
louvers and movable opaque.In Malaysia the most common shading
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The efficiency of the overhang shadding devices at west wall and east wall at Masjid
Ara Damansara.| Abdul Azim Bin Abdul Malik

devices used is overhang shading devices. Overhang shading devices

is very widely used in Malaysia especially in designing a house or a
public building. Even though, there is an awareness about used of
louvers and fix shading devices on house and public building design but
overhang shading devices is still a main choice in Malaysia. Overhang
shading devices look suit to Malaysian climatic condition which humid
along the year.In order to understand the usage of overhang shading
device in Malaysia, how far the efficiency of overhang shading devices
on east wall and west wall could increases the human comfort level in
Malaysia?

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The efficiency of the overhang shadding devices at west wall and east wall at Masjid
Ara Damansara.| Abdul Azim Bin Abdul Malik

2.2

OVERHANG TYPE OF SHADING DEVICE

Hot and humid along the year leads to have a proper sun
shading device in order to block direct sunlight from get into a building.
In Malaysia overhang sun shading devices look suit to the climatic
condition and it is very commonly used in housing development in
Malaysia.
The

design

of

effectivenesssun

shading

devices

will

dependingon the solar orientation of a building facade (Maleki,

December 2011). However, in Malaysia most of the opening had their
own overhang shading device.
The purpose of locating overhang shading device at most of the
opening are to avoid direct sunlight and rain drop from get into a
building directly through opening. Even the most important factor such
as blocking direct sunlight from entering a building is a reason to have
overhang shading devices but in Malaysia rain drop is also considered
as a main factor to have an overhang sun shading devices.

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The efficiency of the overhang shadding devices at west wall and east wall at Masjid
Ara Damansara.| Abdul Azim Bin Abdul Malik

Overhang sun shading devices have verity in size depends on

the location and application of a particular building(Kamal, January
2011). The longer the overhang size the greater the shading. The
greater the area of shading the lesser sunlight from hitting the internal
part of the building and hence reduce the solar radiation which leads to
increases in comfort level.

2.3

FACTOR NEED TO CONSIDER OFHAVING OVERHANG

SHADING DEVICE IN MALAYSIA

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The efficiency of the overhang shadding devices at west wall and east wall at Masjid
Ara Damansara.| Abdul Azim Bin Abdul Malik

Application of overhang shading devices need to consider few

factors which contributed the efficiency of having a shading device.
However it is depending on which region it belong. The application on
overhang shading devices could affect day lighting. Day lighting is an
important aspect in determining the indoor visual comfort, and affects
user comfort and productivity (Gyeong Yun, 2014).

2.3.1 SUN ANGLES AND ORIENTATION

In Malaysia the application on overhang shading device need to

consider on sun angles because it is important for designing the
shading devices(Maleki, December 2011). The sun angle could
determine the size and length of overhang device.

2.3.2 SIZE OF OVERHANGSHADING DEVICES

Next, byusing suitable sized of overhangscan create self-shading

on a particular building Maleki (December 2011). The size could affect
the percentages of solar radiation hence; it can control the shade on
the building and could reduce the internal temperature.

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The efficiency of the overhang shadding devices at west wall and east wall at Masjid
Ara Damansara.| Abdul Azim Bin Abdul Malik

2.3.3 EAST AND WEST BUILDING ORIENTATION

Application in Malaysia also needs to consider the east or west

opening. Opening on these exposures is harder to shade from the
eastern morning sun or western evening sun(Maleki, December 2011).
West wall normally is more expose to sunlight due to the sun orientation
and gaining in heat transfer.

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The efficiency of the overhang shadding devices at west wall and east wall at Masjid
Ara Damansara.| Abdul Azim Bin Abdul Malik

2.4

APPLICATION

ON

OVERHANG

SHADING

DEVICES

IN

MALAYSIA

Application on overhang shading devices in Malaysia is very

important and need to consider all aspect stated in 2.3. The most usage
of overhang shading device is in housing development. The amount of
opening is not a big issue but having a proper type of sun shading
device is very important to achieve human comfort.

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The efficiency of the overhang shadding devices at west wall and east wall at Masjid
Ara Damansara.| Abdul Azim Bin Abdul Malik

2.5

APPLICATION

ON

OVERHANG

SHADING

DEVICE

ON

MOSQUE AT MASJID ARA DAMANSARA

The shading device might help in reducing the temperature of a

mosque in term of blocking direct sunlight from get into a mosque
building. However, how efficient the overhang type of shading devices
could help in reducing the temperature at west wall and east wall of the
mosque in order to archive good human comfort level?.

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The efficiency of the overhang shadding devices at west wall and east wall at Masjid
Ara Damansara.| Abdul Azim Bin Abdul Malik

Human comfort level can divided into two general factors which
are thermal comfort level and visual comfort level. The thermal comfort
level can be archive by having good and suitable character of overhang
shading device. However, visual comfort needs to have a good
positioning of opening in a mosque but an excessive amount of daylight
affects discomfort glare(Gyeong Yun, 2014).
The size of overhang is about 8meters length and covering all
over the mosque perimeter. The huge overhang could reduce the solar
radiation and giving comfort level in term of views and thermal condition
in the prayer hall. Even though, the opening at Masjid AraDamansara is
much but the prayer hall still archive visual comfort level without any
distraction from glare.
Masjid AraDamansara is not fully depending on huge overhang
shading devices only, but it is also using louvers type of shading
devices to improve the efficiency of shading device and improving the
visual comfort at inside and outside the mosque.

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The efficiency of the overhang shadding devices at west wall and east wall at Masjid
Ara Damansara.| Abdul Azim Bin Abdul Malik

2.6

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, the main purpose of literature review are to

understand the function of shading device, the type of shading devices
and factors need to consider for having shading devices. The
quantitative method is very suitable in relation to make comparison
between the efficiency of overhang shading devices on west wall and
east wall at Masjid AraDamansara to archive thermal human comfort
level.

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The efficiency of the overhang shadding devices at west wall and east wall at Masjid
Ara Damansara.| Abdul Azim Bin Abdul Malik

CHAPTER 3:

RESEARCH METHOD

Research Method suit to use was quantitative method in relation

to make comparison between the efficiency of overhang shading
devices on west wall and east wall at Masjid Ara Damansara. The
efficiency need to evaluate in term of numbers in order to make a
comparison. In order to evaluate an understand of the efficiency of the
overhang shading devices at west wall and east wall at Masjid Ara
Damansara, Selangor few steps planned before the evaluation started.
Firstly, the overhang shading devices was ready to perform at the
location stated. Secondly, the apparatus used in the evaluation was
prepared before the evaluation started. The apparatus used such as,
light meter, thermometer, measuring tape, clock, camerasand recording
material were used to help in evaluation process. The apparatus and
materials used were properly tested before the experiment was
conducted to avoid systematic error. Systematic error could happen in
two ways. First way was instrumental errors; these errors may be due
to wrong construction, calibration of the measuring instruments. These
types of error may be arises due to friction or may be due to hysteresis.
These types of errors also included the loading effect and misuse of the
instruments. Misuse of the instruments results in the failure to adjust the
zero of instruments. Second way was environmental errors;this type of
error arises due to conditions external to instrument. External condition
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The efficiency of the overhang shadding devices at west wall and east wall at Masjid
Ara Damansara.| Abdul Azim Bin Abdul Malik

included temperature, pressure, humidity or it may include external

magnetic field. Finally, the weather condition was choose in three
phases which are in the morning 08:00 to 09:00 , in the afternoon 11:00
to 12:00 and in the evening 15:00 to 16:00 by using time format 24hours at GMT +8 Kuala Lumpur international time zone. The time ware
choose base on active time phase. Example, the sun started to rise
rapidly in 08:00 hours to 09:00 hours and located at the top of the
building in 11:00 to 12:00 and finally before it set rapidly in 15:00 to
16:00.

3.1

Sun-shading performance analysis of an exterior shading

devices
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The efficiency of the overhang shadding devices at west wall and east wall at Masjid
Ara Damansara.| Abdul Azim Bin Abdul Malik

Masjid Ara Damansara has big roofing acted as huge shading

devices and it was classify as in an overhang shading devices type
because of the overhang covered all over the building area.
The analysis conducted for one type of exterior shading device
which was overhang type of roofing shading device. The length of the
overhang estimate about 5 meters length and 10meters high from the
ground level. The analysis started with set up the apparatus at west
wall and east wall at the time choose in early stages. The thermometer
was located at west wall and east wall at the same time and light meter
was ready to use.
The analysis started when the time was at 08:00. The
thermometer was ready early and showed a reading and the light meter
was used to get the reading in the same time. The reading of the
thermometer and light meter was recorded by using recording material.
The thermometer used to get the temperature reading in degree
celsius and the light meter was used to get the amount of light in lux
unit. The two main reading took at west wall and east wall will tabulate
in recording material.
The reading took three times by phases which mean three
reading in the morning, three reading in the afternoon and three reading
in the evening. The next reading recorded 30 minutes after first reading
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The efficiency of the overhang shadding devices at west wall and east wall at Masjid
Ara Damansara.| Abdul Azim Bin Abdul Malik

was taken and the third reading was recorded 30 minutes after second
reading was taken.
The main factor of getting three reading in each phases was to
get a constant reading and increases the accuracy of the data
recorded. The procedure above was repeated in three days started in
November 2015.

3.2

BUILDING ORIENTATION

The orientations of the mosque building were important to make

a comparison between west wall and east wall of the Masjid Ara
Damansara. The mosque simply divided into two which are west and
east.
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The efficiency of the overhang shadding devices at west wall and east wall at Masjid
Ara Damansara.| Abdul Azim Bin Abdul Malik

The west wall was the front part of the mosque building and the
east wall was the rear of the mosque building. The sun start rising at
east part and sun set at west part of the mosque building orientation.
West wall

East wall

REFERENCES:

Gyeong
Yun,
KapChunYoon,
KangSooKim.
(2014).
The
influenceofshadingcontrolstrategiesonthevisualcomfortand
energy demandofofficebuildings. 84, 15.
Kamal, Mohammad Arif. (January 2011). A Simple Technique For
Passive Cooling And Energy Conservation In Buildings. 6.
Maleki, B. Ahmadkhani. (December 2011). Passive Cooling and Energy
Conservation In Buildings. 3(9), 6.

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The efficiency of the overhang shadding devices at west wall and east wall at Masjid
Ara Damansara.| Abdul Azim Bin Abdul Malik

Nedhal A. Al-Tamimi, Sharifah Fairuz Syed Fadzil. (2011). The potential

of shading devices for temperature reduction in high-rise
residential buildings in the tropics. 10.

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