Escolar Documentos
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Fourth
Edition
Introduction
same general therapeutic categories as the PSAP modules.
Nephrology I
Thomas C. Dowling, Pharm.D., Ph.D.
Associate Professor
University of Maryland
Baltimore, Maryland
Authors
Thank you to the following PSAP-VI authors for preparing
their algorithms for inclusion in this publication.
Cardiology I
Joseph J. Saseen, FCCP, BCPS (AQ Cardiology)
Associate Professor
Departments of Clinical Pharmacy and Family Medicine
University of Colorado and Health Science Center
Denver, Colorado
Nephrology II
Scott Bolesta, Pharm.D.
Assistant Professor
Department of Pharmacy Practice
Nesbitt College of Pharmacy and Nursing
Wilkes University
Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania
Neurology
Michael E. Ernst, Pharm.D., BCPS
Clinical Associate Professor of Medicine
Division of Clinical and Administrative Pharmacy
The University of Iowa College of Pharmacy
Clinical Pharmacist
Department of Family Medicine
Carver College of Medicine
Iowa City, Iowa
Cardiology II
Denise H. Rhoney, Pharm.D., FCCP
Associate Professor
Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy &
Health Sciences
Department of Pharmacy Practice
Wayne State University
Detroit, Michigan
Psychiatry II
Tami R. Argo, Pharm.D., M.S., BCPP
Clinical Assistant Professor
Division of Pharmacy Practice
University of Texas at Austin College of Pharmacy
Austin, Texas
Cardiology III
Cynthia A. Sanoski, Pharm.D.
Associate Professor of Clinical Pharmacy
Philadelphia College of Pharmacy
University of the Sciences in Philadelphia
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
ii
Infectious Diseases I
Nutrition
Oncology
Sachin Shah, Pharm.D., BCOP
Associate Professor
Department of Pharmacy Practice
Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center
School of Pharmacy
Advanced Hematology/Oncology Clinical Pharmacist
Pharmacy Department
VA North Texas health Care System
Dallas/Fort Worth, Texas
Chronic Illnesses I
Infectious Diseases II
Chronic Illnesses II
Susan P. Bruce, Pharm.D., BCPS
Associate Professor and Chair
Department of Pharmacy Practice
Northeastern Ohio Universities Colleges of Medicine and
Pharmacy
Rootstown, Ohio
Pulmonary
Critical Care I
Older Adults
iii
iv
Table of Contents
Infectious Diseases
Cardiology
Algorithm for treatment of
hypertension from JNC 7
Compelling indications for specific
pharmacotherapy
QTc interval monitoring algorithm
Evaluation of the acute coronary
syndrome patient
Risk Stratification for non-ST-segment
elevation acute coronary syndrome
Initial pharmacotherapy for ST-segment
elevation acute coronary syndromes
Initial pharmacotherapy for non-ST-segment
elevation acute coronary syndrome
Acute ischemic stroke
management algorithm
Algorithm for chronic management
of atrial fibrillation
Algorithm for selecting antiarrhythmic drug
therapy for maintenance of sinus rhythm in
patients with recurrent paroxysmal or
recurrent persistent atrial fibrillation
Algorithm for treatment of pulseless
ventricular tachycardia/ventricular
fibrillation
Algorithm for treatment of asystole
and pulseless electrical activity
1
2
3
4
5
6
Pulmonary
Critical Care I
10
Older Adults
11
12
13
14
15
24
25
26
27
28
Oncology
Proposed algorithm for metastatic renal
cell cancer therapy based on patient
presentation
16
17
18
Chronic Illnesses
19
Neurology/Psychiatry
Algorithm for the management
of Parkinsons disease
Algorithm for use in guiding the
treatment of generalized anxiety
disorder and panic disorder
23
Nutrition
Nephrology
Algorithm for assessing kidney function
Anemia treatment algorithm
Causes of ESA hyporesponse
Options for managing chronic kidney
disease-mineral and bone disorder for
patients with elevated iPTH and
normal/low calcium concentrations
Decision algorithm for prevention of CIN
Approach to the Risk Assessment of CIN
after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
21
22
20
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
vi
PSAP VI
Cardiology
Lifestyle Modifications
ACE = angiotensin-converting enzyme; ARB = angiotensin receptor blocker; CCB = calcium channel blocker; DBP = diastolic blood pressure; JNC 7 =
Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure.
Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, Cushman WC, Green LA, Izzo JL Jr, et al; Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and
Treatment of High Blood Pressure. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; National High Blood Pressure Education Program Coordinating Committee. Seventh
Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Hypertension 2003;42:120652.
PSAP VI
Cardiology
Recommendations are based on evidence demonstrating reduced morbidity and/or mortality related to the compelling indication with recommended
pharmacotherapy and adapted from JNC 7 recommendations. Blood pressure should be managed concurrently with the compelling indication using these
drugs when possible.
ACE = angiotensin-converting enzyme; ARB = angiotensin receptor blocker; CCB = calcium channel blocker; JNC 7 =
Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure.
Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, Cushman WC, Green LA, Izzo JL Jr, et al; Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and
Treatment of High Blood Pressure. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; National High Blood Pressure Education Program Coordinating Committee.
Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Hypertension 2003;42:120652.
PSAP VI
Cardiology
Yes
No
Hypokalemia or
hypomagnesemia?
No
Yes
Yes
No
Correct before
starting
Hypokalemia or
hypomagnesemia?
Yes
No
Start drug
Re-check QTc interval at steady state. If QTc interval > 500 ms, hold therapy until QTc interval below
thresholds (either 440 ms for antiarrhythmics or 460 ms for non-antiarrhythmics) and re-start at lower
dose or discontinue
Check QTc interval again when doses change, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, acute
ischemia/infarction, first dialysis episode, bradycardia, new drug interaction introduced,
new-onset kidney or hepatic dysfunction (depending on drug elimination route)
IKr = rapid component of the delayed rectifier potassium channel; ms = millisecond; QTc interval = corrected QT interval.
PSAP VI
Cardiology
a
As described in table on p. 5.
ACS = acute coronary syndrome; CABG = coronary artery bypass graft surgery; CAD = coronary artery disease; CK, MB = creatine kinase, myocardial bound;
ECG = electrocardiogram; PCI = percutaneous coronary intervention.
Adapted with permission from McGraw-Hill. Spinler SA, de Denus S. Acute coronary syndromes. In: DiPiro JT, Yee GC, Matzke GR, Wells BG, Posey LM,
eds. Pharmacotherapy: The Pathophysiologic Approach, 6th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2005:291320.
PSAP VI
Cardiology
Table 1-1. Risk Stratification for Non-ST-Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome
Using the TIMI Risk Score
Past Medical History
Clinical Presentation
Age = 65 years
ST-segment depression ( = 0.5 mm)
= 3 Risk Factors for CAD
= 2 episodes of chest discomfort within the
Hypercholesterolemia
past 24 hours
HTN
Positive biochemical marker for infarctionb