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Verbal interaction examples:

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Non-verbal interaction examples:
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 6hhjbei^dchWVhZYdc\ZcYZg#
 6hhjbei^dcd[VeZghdchhdX^VaXaVhh#
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Verbal messages
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Non-verbal messages
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Model A: The Action-Based Model
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Members needs: idWZXdb[dgiVWaZl^i]^ci]Z
\gdje!hV[Z!id`cdlVcYh]VgZ^c[dgbVi^dc#
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h]nVcYiZcYidVhhZhhdi]ZghVii]^hhiV\Z#
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ZbZg\Zh!i]Vi^hhdbZdcZl]d^h\ddYVi
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[dgi]Z\gdje#
($Ijehc_d]ijW][
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^ci]Z\gdje!idgZk^ZlV^bhVcYVWhdgW
bViZg^Va#
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cdcXd"deZgVi^dc!gZh^hiVcXZidV\gZZYV^bh!
X]VaaZc\ZidV\gZZYV^bh!hVWdiV\Zd[\gdje
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bVnhZZbcZ\Vi^kZ!Wji^c[VXi^i^hVkZgn
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cZZYh#:meZg^ZcX^c\Vhidgb^c\VeZg^dYd[
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Members needs: idWZ^cYZeZcYZci!
gZXd\c^hZYVcYid]VkZhZa["ZhiZZb#
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edh^i^kZX]VaaZc\Zhiddi]ZgbZbWZghVcY^c
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VX]^ZkZbZcihigZc\i]Zch#
Behaviour evident:bZbWZgh\Zi^ckdakZY^c
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VWdjieZdeaZZbZg\Z!VcYgdaZhi]VieZdeaZ
VhhjbZ^cgZaVi^dcidi]Zldg`d[i]Z\gdje
VcYi]ZYZkZadebZcid[cZlcdgbhVgZ
VXXZeiZY#
+$;dZ_d]ijW][
Members needs: Vcm^ZinVcYVhZchZd[adhh
l^aaZbZg\ZVbdc\bZbWZghVhi]Z\gdjeh
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WZZcVX]^ZkZYVcYadd`[dglVgYidcZl
WZ\^cc^c\hVcYiVh`h#
Behaviour evident: edhh^WaZXdbW^cVi^dcd[
WaVb^c\!gZ[jhVaidaZi\d!VcYVc\Zgl^i]di]Zg
\gdjebZbWZgh#I]ZhZVgZVgZ[aZXi^dcd[i]Z
hZchZd[adhhYjZidi]ZZcY^c\d[i]Z\gdje#

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hiV\ZhYZeZcY^c\dc]dladc\i]Z\gdje^h
ZhiVWa^h]ZY!dc^cY^k^YjVacZZYhVcYdci]Z
cVijgZd[i]Z\gdjeiVh`#>i^hedhh^WaZi]Vi
V\gdjel^aa[dgb!hidgb!cdgbVcYeZg[dgb
hZkZgVai^bZhdkZg^[i]ZnVgZid\Zi]Zgadc\
Zcdj\]#
Model B: Developmental model leading to state
of cohesiveness
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l^i]egVXi^XVa^hhjZh!hjX]VhcjbWZgh!
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gZhedch^W^a^in!V\gZZ^c\VXdbbdcV^bVcY
WVh^XgjaZh![^cY^c\djil]nbZbWZghX]dhZ
i]^h\gdje!cVb^c\]deZhVcYZmeZXiVi^dch!
VcYZhiVWa^h]^c\Xdbb^ibZciidi]^hcZl
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VgZZhiVWa^h]ZY#>i^ckdakZhhZii^c\jeV
hV[ZeaVXZ[dgi]Z\gdje!Wdi]Zbdi^dcVaan
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YZkZade^c\VcYZbeadn^c\i]Zh`^aad[VXi^kZ
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kZgWVaVcYcdc"kZgWVa#
L[hXWbb_ij[d_d]ia_bbi0
Skill
Explanation
HjbbVg^h^c\ 9
 gVl^c\id\Zi]ZghZkZgVa
i]^c\hVheZV`ZghV^YidbV`Z
dcZhiViZbZci#8]ZX`i]Vii]Z
hjbbVgn^hVXXjgViZ#

E
 xample:Hd!i]Zi]gZZi]^c\h
ndjVgZhVn^c\VgZdcZ###!ild
###VcYi]gZZ###4
8aVg^[n^c\

GZ[aZXi^c\

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8
^hjcYZghiddY#HjX]Vh[VXih!
de^c^dch!YZX^h^dch!dgYZgd[
ZkZcih#
Example: Hd!l]VindjgZ
hVn^c\^hi]Vindjldci
WZVkV^aVWaZdci]Vi
;g^YVnWZXVjhZd[di]Zg
Xdbb^ibZcih#
 ^X`^c\jedci]ZZmea^X^idg
E
^bea^X^i[ZZa^c\hZmegZhhZYWn
VheZV`ZgVcYYZbdchigVi^c\
VcjcYZghiVcY^c\VcY
VXXZeiVcXZd[i]ZhZ#
Example:>ihdjcYha^`Zi]Vi
lVhVkZgnZmX^i^c\i^bZ#

EVgVe]gVh^c\ G
 ZeZVi^c\WVX`idi]Z
heZV`ZgVa^iiaZd[l]VilVh
hV^YZ^i]Zg^c]Zg$]^hdlcdg
h^b^aVgldgYh#I]^hegdbei
ZcXdjgV\ZheZdeaZidXdci^cjZ#

Example: Hd!l]VilVh
]VeeZc^c\Vildg`lVh
Xdc[jh^c\#

<^k^c\Vc^ciZgegZiVi^dcd[
egZk^djhhiViZbZcih#I]^h^h
]Zae[ja^[hdbZdcZ^hjcXaZVg
VWdjii]ZbZVc^c\d[l]Vih$]Z
^hZmegZhh^c\#
Example:>iXdjaYWZi]Vil]Vi
]VeeZcZYlVh###4

DeZc"ZcYZY 6h`^c\i]ZheZV`ZgfjZhi^dch
l]^X]l^aaZcXdjgV\Z[jgi]Zg
Y^hXadhjgZ#

Example: L]Vi]VeeZcZYi]Zc4
dg=dlY^Yi]ViV[[ZXindj4

Cdi^XZi]ZY^[[ZgZcXZWZilZZc
i]ZhZdeZc"ZcYZYfjZhi^dchVcY
i]ZhZl]^X]gZfj^gZdcanVnZh
dgcd/LZgZndj[g^\]iZcZY4
9^YndjaZVkZi]Zc4
:cXdjgV\^c\ > cXajYZhi]Vc`^c\i]ZeZghdc
[dg]Zg$]^hXdcig^Wji^dcVcY
d[[Zg^c\egV^hZ#

Example: I]VilVhVgZVaan
jhZ[jaXdcig^Wji^dc!i]Vc`ndj#

dg

Jh^c\hjW"heZZX]id^cY^XViZVc
dc\d^c\jcYZghiVcY^c\d[l]Vi
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a^hiZcZg^hegZeVgZYida^hiZcV
a^iiaZadc\Zg#

Example:Bbb##j]j]###
jb#]b###nZV]###nZh###
H^aZcXZ

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6
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XVcZcXdjgV\ZVheZV`Zg
idXdci^cjZ!XVc^cY^XViZ
VWhdgei^dcd[l]VilVhhV^Y#

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H
XdbbZcihXVcWZa^c`ZYWni]Z
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ZcXdjgV\ZbZciidXdci^cjZ#
Example:6cYi]Zc4

Ded#l[hXWbb_ij[d_d]ia_bbi0
Cdc"kZgWVaa^hiZc^c\h`^aahVgZgVgZanjhZYWn
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VcYZc]VcXZkZgWVah`^aah#

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dgXaVg^[n^c\0VgZVX]^c\"dji
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heZV`ZghVnhdkZgidndj#=ZVY
cdYhZcXdjgV\ZhdbZdcZid
Xdci^cjZiVa`^c\#
EZghdcVa

AZVkZVXdb[dgiVWaZY^hiVcXZ
WZilZZci]ZheZV`ZgVcY
i]Za^hiZcZg#AVX`d[heVXZ
dg^cigjh^dc^cidhdbZdcZh
eZghdcVaheVXZXVcXVjhZ
Y^hXdb[dgi#>[^cigjYZYjedc!
hdbZdcZbVnWZ\^cidbdkZ
WVX`idbV^ciV^c]Zg$]^h
eZghdcVahV[ZheVXZVcYbVcn
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Vcdc"^ci^bViZZciZghi]Z^g
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I^b^c\

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jccZXZhhVg^an#7njh^c\V
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Skill
Explanation
;VX^Va
:megZhh^dc D
 jg[VXZZmegZhhZhdjg
Zbdi^dch#6aadl^iidYdhd
Yjg^c\VhZhh^dc#I]Z[VX^a^iVidg
cZZYhidWZVWaZidfj^X`an
YZX^YZl]^X]Zbdi^dchh$]Zl^aa$
ldciZmegZhh!ValVnh`ZZe^c\^c
b^cYi]ZhV[Zind[i]Z\gdje#
:nZXdciVXi:megZhhZh^ciZgZhi!ZcXdjgV\Zh
VheZV`ZgidXdci^cjZVcYd[[Zgh
hjeedgi#
7dYn
aVc\jV\Z

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I
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h^ih!VcY]daYh]Zg$]^hWdYn
igVchb^ihVbZhhV\Zd[^ciZgZhi
dgWdgZYdb#L]Zca^hiZc^c\id
hdbZdcZ!i]Z[VX^a^iVidgh]djaY
aZVcidlVgYhi]VieZghdcha^\]ian!
ijgc^c\]Zg$]^hWdYnidlVgYhi]Z
heZV`Zg!^cY^XVi^c\VgZaVmZYVcY
ViiZci^kZhiVcXZ#
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=
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I]ZgZVgZXjaijgVaVcY\ZcYZgkVg^Vi^dch^c
]dlcdc"kZgWVaaVc\jV\Z^hjhZYVcY^ci]Z
bZVc^c\Vhh^\cZYidY^[[ZgZcibdkZbZcih#
LViX]ldbZcVcYbZcdeZgVi^c\^c\gdjeh!
idaZVgci]Z\ZcYZgkVg^Vi^dch[dgZmVbeaZ!
ldbZcbdgZhdi]VcbZciZcYidgZVX]dkZg
VcYidjX]hdbZdcZl]Zci]ZnVgZZc\V\ZY
^cY^Vad\jZ#L]Zcldg`^c\l^i]eZdeaZ[gdb
Y^[[ZgZciXjaijgVaWVX`\gdjcYh!iV`ZZmigVXVgZ
VWdji\Zii^c\i]ZhZbZhhV\ZhVXXjgViZan[dg
ZmVbeaZ!hdbZV\Z\gdjehdgZi]c^X\gdjeh
bVn[^cYb^mZYhZm\gdjehY^[[^Xjai#7dYn

*%q8dbWViEdkZgin6\ZcXn

aVc\jV\ZbZhhV\ZhbVnWZXaVg^[^ZYl^i]i]Z
hZcYZg0[dgZmVbeaZ!NdjgZh^ii^c\l^i]Vgbh
[daYZYVcYadd`kZgnXgdhh!VgZndjd`4

F_j\Wbbie\WYj_l[b_ij[d_d]ia_bbi
6Xi^kZa^hiZc^c\h`^aahVgZkZgnkVajVWaZVcY!
l^i]egVXi^XZVcYhjeZgk^h^dc!V[VX^a^iVidg
l^aaaZVgcidVkd^YhdbZd[i]Ze^i[Vaaha^hiZY
WZadl#
Pitfalls
Explanation
DkZg"
>ciZgegZi^c\i]ZheZV`Zghbdi^kZh#
VcVanh^c\ R
 esult: EgZkZcihi]ZheZV`Zg
Y^hXdkZg^c\]Zg$]^hbdi^kZh
^cYZeZcYZcian#I]Z[VX^a^iVidgbVn
WZhZZcVhV`cdl"Vaa#
EVggdi^c\ GZeZVi^c\eVggdi"a^`Zl]Vii]Z
heZV`ZghV^Y#

Result:I]^hXVcWZ[gjhigVi^c\VcY
^chjai^c\[dg\gdjebZbWZghVcY
XVc^cY^XViZi]Vii]Z[VX^a^iVidg^h
cdigZVaana^hiZc^c\#
DkZg"
6YY^c\dcidl]VilVhhV^Ydg
ZmeVch^dc \
 ZcZgVa^h^c\i]ZXdciZcid[V
Xdcig^Wji^dcidi]Z\gdje#

Result: I]ZheZV`ZgbVn[ZZa
b^h]ZVgY#
Db^ii^c\ > \cdg^c\gZaZkVci[VXih![ZZa^c\hdg
ZkZcih#

Result: I]ZheZV`ZgbVn[ZZa
b^h]ZVgY#

:mV\\ZgVi^c\>ciZch^[n^c\i]Z[ZZa^c\h
ZmegZhhZY!dgi]Z^bedgiVcXZd[
l]VilVhhV^Y#

R
 esult:I]ZheZV`ZgbVn]VkZ
idgZeZVidgXdcigVY^Xii]Z
[VX^a^iVidg#
JcYZghXdg^c\JcYZg"Zhi^bVi^c\i]Z^ciZch^in
d[i]ZZbdi^dcZmegZhhZY#

Result:I]ZheZV`ZgbVn[ZZa
jc^bedgiVcidgi]Vih$]ZbVYZ
Vc^ggZaZkVciXdcig^Wji^dc#
Gjh]^c\

AV\\^c\


 ci^X^eVi^c\l]Vii]ZheZV`Zg
6
l^aahVncZmiVcYhVn^c\^i[dg
]Zg$]^b#
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Sample skills development: Plan B

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>jhjVaanV#######################################################################################################################################
6hVcVaiZgcVi^kZ!>XdjaYignW#######################################################################################################
6cdi]ZgVaiZgcVi^kZ^hX##################################################################################################################
If one person dominates:
>jhjVaanV########################################################################################################################################
6hVcVaiZgcVi^kZ!>XdjaYignW#######################################################################################################
6cdi]ZgVaiZgcVi^kZ^hX##################################################################################################################
When one person is talking too much:
>jhjVaanV#######################################################################################################################################
6hVcVaiZgcVi^kZ!>XdjaYignW#######################################################################################################
6cdi]ZgVaiZgcVi^kZ^hX##################################################################################################################
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>jhjVaanV#######################################################################################################################################
6hVcVaiZgcVi^kZ!>XdjaYignW#######################################################################################################
6cdi]ZgVaiZgcVi^kZ^hX##################################################################################################################
If someone disagrees with what I have said:
>jhjVaanV#######################################################################################################################################
6hVcVaiZgcVi^kZ!>XdjaYignW#######################################################################################################
6cdi]ZgVaiZgcVi^kZ^hX##################################################################################################################
When a pair needs to be split up:#######################################################################################################
>jhjVaanV#######################################################################################################################################
6hVcVaiZgcVi^kZ!>XdjaYignW#######################################################################################################
6cdi]ZgVaiZgcVi^kZ^hX##################################################################################################################
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>jhjVaanV#######################################################################################################################################
6hVcVaiZgcVi^kZ!>XdjaYignW#######################################################################################################
6cdi]ZgVaiZgcVi^kZ^hX##################################################################################################################

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When there is resistance to getting the task done:

>jhjVaanV#######################################################################################################################################
6hVcVaiZgcVi^kZ!>XdjaYignW#######################################################################################################
6cdi]ZgVaiZgcVi^kZ^hX##################################################################################################################
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>jhjVaanV#######################################################################################################################################
6hVcVaiZgcVi^kZ!>XdjaYignW#######################################################################################################
6cdi]ZgVaiZgcVi^kZ^hX##################################################################################################################
When someone brings up inappropriate material:
>jhjVaanV#######################################################################################################################################
6hVcVaiZgcVi^kZ!>XdjaYignW#######################################################################################################
6cdi]ZgVaiZgcVi^kZ^hX##################################################################################################################
If someone gives advice to another group member:
>jhjVaanV#######################################################################################################################################
6hVcVaiZgcVi^kZ!>XdjaYignW#######################################################################################################
6cdi]ZgVaiZgcVi^kZ^hX##################################################################################################################
If someone hasnt done what s/he undertook to do:
>jhjVaanV#######################################################################################################################################
6hVcVaiZgcVi^kZ!>XdjaYignW#######################################################################################################
6cdi]ZgVaiZgcVi^kZ^hX##################################################################################################################
If ground rules are broken: ......................................................................................................................
>jhjVaanV#######################################################################################################################################
6hVcVaiZgcVi^kZ!>XdjaYignW#######################################################################################################
6cdi]ZgVaiZgcVi^kZ^hX##################################################################################################################
When someone breaks the confidentiality of the group:.........................................................................
>jhjVaanV#######################################################################################################################################
6hVcVaiZgcVi^kZ!>XdjaYignW#######################################################################################################
6cdi]ZgVaiZgcVi^kZ^hX##################################################################################################################
If someone is leaving the group: ..............................................................................................................
>jhjVaanV#######################################################################################################################################
6hVcVaiZgcVi^kZ!>XdjaYignW#######################################################################################################
6cdi]ZgVaiZgcVi^kZ^hX##################################################################################################################
If newcomers join the group: ...................................................................................................................
>jhjVaanV#######################################################################################################################################
6hVcVaiZgcVi^kZ!>XdjaYignW#######################################################################################################
6cdi]ZgVaiZgcVi^kZ^hX##################################################################################################################

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