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PREAMBLE(NOTPARTOFTHESTANDARD)

Inordertopromotepubliceducationandpublicsafety,equaljusticeforall,abetterinformed
citizenry,theruleoflaw,worldtradeandworldpeace,thislegaldocumentisherebymadeavailableona
noncommercialbasis,asitistherightofallhumanstoknowandspeakthelawsthatgovernthem.
ENDOFPREAMBLE(NOTPARTOFTHESTANDARD)
(Reaffirmed2007)
IS15105:2002

IndianStandard
DESIGNANDINSTALLATIONOFFIXEDAUTOMATIC
SPRINKLERFIREEXTINGUISHINGSYSTEMSCODE
OFPRACTICE
ICS13.220.10
BIS2002
BUREAUOFINDIANSTANDARDS
MANAKBHAVAN,9BAHADURSHAHZAFARMARG
NEWDELHI110002
October2002
PriceGroup14
i

FireFightingSectionalCommittee,CED22

FOREWORD
ThisIndianStandardwasadoptedbytheBureauofIndianStandards,afterthedraftfinalizedby
theFireFightingSectionalCommitteehadbeenapprovedbytheCivilEngineeringDivisionCouncil.
Asprinklersystemconsistsofawatersupply(orsupplies)andoneormoresprinklerinstallations
eachinstallationconsistsofasetofinstallationcontrolvalvesandapipearrayfittedwithsprinklerheads.
Thesprinklerheadsarefittedatspecifiedlocationsattherooforceiling,andwherenecessarybetween
racks,belowshelves,insideovensorstovesorbelowobstructions.Themainelementsofatypical
installationisshowninFig.1.

Fig.1MainElementsofaSprinklerInstallation
Asprinklerhastwofunctionstoperform.Itmustfirstdetectafire,andmustthenprovidean
adequatedistributionofwatertocontrolorextinguishit.Eachfunctionisperformedseparatelyandone
isindependentoftheotherexceptinsofarasearlydetectionmakesextinctioneasierbecausethefirehas
notgrownlarge.Theclassicuseofthesprinklerisinthehotgaslayerwhichformsbeneaththeceilingof
anenclosureinwhichafireisdeveloping.
Thesprinklersoperateatpredeterminedtemperaturestodischargewaterovertheaffectedpartof
theareabelow,theflowofwaterthroughthealarmvalveinitiatingafirealarm.Theoperating
temperatureisgenerallyselectedtosuitambienttemperatureconditions.Onlysprinklersinthevicinityof
thefire,i.e.,thosewhichbecomesufficientlyheated,operate.Itshouldnotbeassumedthattheprovision
ofsprinklersystementirelyobviatestheneedforothermeansoffightingfiresanditisimportantto
considerthefireprecautionsinthepremisesasawhole.
Structuralfireresistance,escaperoutes,firealarmsystems,particularhazardsneedingotherfire
protectionmethods,provisionofhosereelsandfirehydrantsandportablefireextinguishers,etc,safe
workingandgoodhandlingmethods,managementsupervisionandgoodhousekeepingallneed
consideration.Itisessentialthatsprinklersystemsshouldbeproperlymaintainedtoensureoperation
whenrequired.Thisroutineisreliableto
(Continuedonthirdcover)
ii

IndianStandard
DESIGNANDINSTALLATIONOFFIXEDAUTOMATICSPRINKLERFIREEXTINGUISHING
SYSTEMSCODEOFPRACTICE

1SCOPE
Thisstandardlaysdowntherequirementsforthedesignandinstallationoffixedautomatic
sprinklerfireextinguishingsystem.

2REFERENCES
TheIndianStandardslistedinAnnexAcontainprovisionswhichthroughreferenceinthistext,

constituteprovisionsofthisstandard.Atthetimeofpublication,theeditionsindicatedwerevalid.All
standardsaresubjecttorevision,andpartiestoagreementsbasedonthisstandardareencouragedto
investigatethepossibilityofapplyingthemostrecenteditionsofthestandardsgiveninAnnexA.

3DEFINITIONS
Forthepurposeofthiscode,thefollowingdefinitionsshallapply.

3.1
AlarmTestValveAvalvethroughwhichwatermaybedrawntotesttheoperationofthewater
motorfirmalarmand/orofanyassociatedelectricfirealarm.

3.2
AlarmValveAcheckvalve,ofthewet,dryorcompositetype,thatalsoinitiatesthewater
motorfirealarmwhenthesprinklerinstallationoperates.

3.3
AlarmValve,PreactionAnalarmvalvesuitableforapreactioninstallation.

3.4
AlarmValve,RecyclingAnalarmvalvesuitableforarecyclinginstallation.

3.5
AlarmValve,WetAnalarmvalvesuitableforawetinstallation.

3.6
ArmPipeApipe,otherthanthelastsectionofarangepipe,feedingasinglesprinkler.

3.7
AssumedMaximumAreaofOperation,HydraulicallyMostFavourableLocation
ThelocationinasprinklerarrayofanAMAOofspecifiedshapeatwhichthewaterflowisthemaximum
foraspecificpressure.

3.8
AssumedMaximumAreaofOperation,HydraulicallyMostUnfavourableLocation
ThelocationinasprinklerarrayofanAMAOofspecifiedshapeatwhichthewatersupplypressureisthe
maximumneededtogivethespecifieddesigndensity.

3.9
CutOffSprinklerAsprinklerprotectingadoororwindowbetweentwoareasonlyoneof
whichisprotectedbythesprinkler.

3.10
DesignDensityTheminimumdensityofdischarge,inmm/minofwater,forwhichasprinkler
installationisdesigned,determinedfromthedischargeofaspecifiedgroupofsprinklers,inl/min,
dividedbytheareacovered,inm2.

3.11
DesignPointApointonadistributionpipeofaprecalculatedinstallation,downstreamof
whichpipeworkissizedfromtablesandupstreamofwhichpipeworkissizedbyhydrauliccalculation.

3.12
DistributionPipeApipefeedingeitherarangepipedirectlyorasinglesprinkleronanon
terminalrangepipemorethan300mmlong.

3.13
DistributionPipeSpurAdistributionpipefromamaindistributionpipe,toaterminal
branchedpipearray.

3.14
DrencherAsprayerusedtodistributewateroverasurfacetoprovideprotectionagainstfire
exposure.

3.15
DropAverticalpipefeedingadistributionorrangepipe.

3.16
EndSideArrayApipearraywithrangepipesononesideonlyofadistributionpipe(seeFig.2
and3).

3.17
EndCentreArrayApipewithrangepipesonbothsidesofadistributionpipe(seeFig.4and
5).

3.18
FastenerAdeviceforattachingpipehangercomponentstoabuildingstructureorracking.

3.19
FireDoorAdoorandframeofspecifiedfireresistanceconformingtoIS3614(Part1)andIS
3614(Part2).

3.20

FireResistanceTheabilityofacomponentortheconstructionofabuildingtosatisfyfora
stated
1

Fig.2TwoEndSideWithCentralFeed

Fig.3ThreeEndSidewithEndFeed

Fig.4TwoEndCentrewithEndFeed
periodoftimetheappropriatecriteriaspecifiedinIS3809.

3.21
FireShutterAshutterandframeofspecifiedfireresistancecomplyingwithIS3614with
respecttostabilityandintegrity.

3.22
FullyHydraulicallyCalculatedAtermappliedtopipeworksizedasspecifiedin4.5.2oran
installationinwhichallthepipeworkdownstreamofthemaininstallationcontrolvalvesetissized.

3.23
HangerAnassemblyforsuspendingpipeworkfromtheelementsofbuildingstructure.

3.24
HighRiseSystemAsprinklersysteminwhichthehighestsprinklerismorethan45mabove
thelowestsprinklerorthesprinklerpumpswhicheveristhelower.

3.25
HydraulicAlarm,IntermittentSoundingofahydraulicwatermotoralarmgongforintervals
totallinglessthanthealarmperiod.

Fig.5ThreeEndCentreWithCentreFeedEndFeed
2

3.26
InstallationSprinklerInstallationPartofasprinklersystemcomprisingasetofinstallation
maincontrolvalves,theassociateddownstreampipesandsprinklers.

3.27
Installation,PreactionAdryinstallationinwhichthealarmvalvecanbeopenedbyan
independentfiredetectionsystemintheprotectedarea.

3.28
Installation,RecyclingApreactioninstallationinwhichthealarmvalvecanbeopenedand
closedrepeatedlybyaheatdetectionsystem.

3.29
Installation,WetPipeAninstallationinwhichthepipeworkisalwayschargedwithwater.

3.30
JockeyPumpAsmallpumpusedtoreplenishminorwaterlosstoavoidstartinganautomatic
suctionorboosterpumpunnecessarily.

3.31
LowRiseSystemAsprinklersysteminwhichthehighestsprinklerisnotmorethan45m
abovegroundlevelorthesprinklerpumps.

3.32
MainDistributionPipeApipefeedingadistributionpipe.

3.33
NodeApointinpipeworkatwhichpressureandflow(s)arecalculatedeachnodeisadatum
pointforthepurposeofhydrauliccalculationsintheinstallation.

3.34
PrecalculatedAtermappliedtopipeworksizedasspecifiedin4.5.1oraninstallationinwhich
pipedownstreamofthedesignpointissized.

3.35
RangePipeApipefeedingsprinklerdirectlyorviaarmpipesofrestrictedlength.

3.36
RiserAverticalpipefeedingadistributionorrangepipe.

3.37
RosetteSprinklerRosetteAplatecoveringthegapbetweenshankorthebodyofasprinkler
projectingthroughasuspendedceiling,andtheceiling.

3.38
SectionThepart(whichmaybeoneormorezones)ofaninstallationonaparticularfloorfed
byaparticularriser.

3.39
SlingRodArodwithaslingeyeorscrewedendsforsupportingpipeclips,rings,bandhangers,
etc.

3.40
Sprinkler,CeilingorFlushPatternApendentsprinklerforfittingpartlyabovebutwiththe
temperaturesensitiveelementbelow,thelowerplaneoftheceiling.

3.41
SprinklerConcealedArecessedsprinklerwithacoverplatethatdisengageswhentheheatis
applied.

3.42
SprinklerConventionalPatternAsprinklerthatgivesasphericalpatternofwaterdischarge.

3.43
SprinklerGlassBulbAsprinklerwhichopenswhenaliquidfilledglassbulbbursts.

3.44
SprinklerHorizontalAsprinklerinwhichthenozzledirectsthewaterhorizontally.

3.45
SprinklerIntermediateAsprinklerinstalledbelow,andadditionaltotherooforceiling
sprinklers.

3.46
SprinklerPendentAsprinklerinwhichthenozzledirectswaterdownwards.

3.47
Sprinkler,RooforCeilingAsprinklerprotectingtherooforceiling.

3.48
SprinklerSideWallPatternAsprinklerthatgivesadownwardparaboloidpatterndischarge.

3.49
SprinklerSystemTheentiremeansofprovidingsprinklerprotectioninthepremises
comprisingoneormoresprinklerinstallation,thepipeworktotheinstallationsandthewater
supply/suppliesexcepttownmainsandbodiesofwatersuchaslakesorcanals.

3.50
SprinklerUprightAsprinklerinwhichthenozzledirectsthewaterupwards.

3.51

SprinklerYokeArmsThepartofthesprinklerthatretainstheheatsensitiveelementsinload
bearingcontactwiththesprinklerheadvalve.

3.52
StaggeredSprinklerLayoutAnoffsetlayoutwiththesprinklersdisplacedonehalfpitch
alongtherangepiperelativetothenextrangeorranges.

3.53
StandardSprinklerLayoutArectilinearlayoutwiththesprinkleralignedperpendicularto
therunoftheranges.

3.54
SuctionPumpAnautomaticpumpsupplyingwatertoasprinklersystemfromasuctiontank.

3.55
SuitableforSprinklerUseAtermappliedtoequipmentorcomponentacceptedbythe
authoritiesasfaraparticularapplicationinasprinklersystemeitherbyaparticularsystemorby
compliancewithspecifiedgeneralcriteria.

3.56
SupplyPipeApipeconnectingawatersupplytoatrunkmainortheinstallationmaincontrol
valveset(s)orapipesupplyingwatertoaprivatereservoir,suctiontankorgravitytank.

3.57
SuspendedOpenCellCeilingAceilingofregularopencellconstructionthroughwhichwater
fromsprinklercanbedischargedfreely.
3

3.58
TerminalMainConfigurationApipearraywithonlyonewatersupplyroutetoeachrange
pipe.

3.59
TerminalRangeConfigurationApipearraywithonlyonewatersupplyroutefroma
distributionpipe.

3.60
ToggleSupportAswiveldeviceforsecuringhangerstohollowsectionsceilingorroofs.

3.61
TrunkMainsApipeconnectiontotwoormorewatersupplypipestotheinstallationmain
controlvalveset(s).

3.62
UserThepersonresponsiblefororhavingeffectivecontroloverthefiresafetyprovisionadopted
inorappropriatetothepremisesorthebuilding.

4REQUIREMENTSREGARDINGLAYOUTPLANS
4.1
Layoutplansshouldbedrawnupinaccordancewiththefollowingrequirements.
4.1.1
Plansshouldbeclear,containallrequireddetailsincludingscaleandpointofcompassandshould
bedated.
4.1.2
Plansofnewinstallationshallshowtheentirecompoundallbuildingstherein,withtheirdoor
andwindowopenings,andtheboundarywalls.Buildingsunderconstructionandfutureextension
envisaged,shallbeindicatedbythedottedlines.Plansofextensionstoapprovedexistinginstallations
neednotshowtherestofthecompoundbutsufficientdetailsshallbegivenoftheexistinginstallationsin
correlationtotheextension,toenabletheAuthoritysInspectionstafftochecktheplansandoffer
comments.Incaseofstoreyedbuildings,drawingssubmittedshallincludeplansofeachstoreytogether
withsectionalelevations.
4.1.3Material
PlansshouldbeonwhitepaperorammoniapaperorFerroPrussiatepaper.
4.1.4
PlansshouldgenerallybepreparedinaccordancewithIS962,shallnotexceed8501200mmin
sizeandshouldbedrawntoascaleof1:500or1:1000.Inthecaseofverylargecompoundswithmore
thanonerisk,itisadvisabletosubmitseparateplansforeachriskwithakeyplanshowingtherelative
situationofthevariousrisks,etc,inthecompound.

4.2Signs
4.2.1
Puccawallstobeshownbydoublelines,doorsandwindowsbeingclearlymarked(seeFig.6).

Fig.6Window/Door(PuccaWall)
4.2.2
Ironorothernonmasonrywallstobeshownbyathinlineandnatureofconstructionindicated

(seeFig.7).

Fig.7G.I.Walls(NonMasonryWalls)
4.2.3
Firewalls,i.e.,perfectpartywallstobeindicatedbythesignTateachendofthewall,orhave
thelettersP.P.W.alongsideoracrossthematregularintervalsandmarkedindistinctivecolour(seeFig.
8).

Fig.8FireWalls
4.2.4
Fireproofdoorsand/orshutterstobemarkedasfollows:
SingleFireproofDoorand/orShutter

S.F.D.

DoubleFireproofDoorand/orShutter

D.F.D.

4.2.5
SkylightstobemarkedSkyLightsorS.L..
4.2.6
BoilertobeshownbyarectangularfiguremarkedBoiler.
BOILER
4.2.7
Sprinklermainstobeshownbyabluelinethediameter,lengthandnumberofpipesbeing
markedalongsideandspecialsandreducerstobeclearlyindicatedasbelow:
mmdia,lengthsofmetreeach(seeFig.9)

Fig.9SprinklerMains
4.2.8
Sprinklerpumpstobeclearlymarkedandthecapacityandheadtobeindicatedineachcase.
4.2.9

Pump(s)suctionpipingtobeshowndottedanddiametertobeindicated(seeFig.10).
4

Fig.10PumpSuctionPipe
4.2.10
Fireservicewatertanksandreservoirstobeshowntoscale(seeFig.11).

Fig.11FireServiceWaterTank(Reservoir)
4.2.11
Sprinklertrunkmainstobeshownbyablueline,thesizesbeingmarkedalongside:
_________________
mmDIA.spk.Main
4.2.12
Firealarmbellstobeshownbyablueline,thesizesbeingmarkedF.A.B..
4.2.13
SprinkleredblockstobemarkedS.
4.2.14
Electriccable(s)forthefirepump(s)tobeshowningreenline(s).

4.3InstallationLayoutDrawings
4.3.1General
Thescaleshallbenotlessthan1:100.Layoutdrawingshallincludethefollowinginformation:
a.Northpointindication
b.Theclassorclassesofinstallationaccordingtohazardclassincludingstockcategoryanddesign
storageheight
c.Constructionaldetailsoffloors,ceiling,roofsandexteriorwallsandwallsseparatingsprinklered
andnonsprinkleredareas
d.Sectionalelevationsofeachfloorofeachbuildingshowingthedistanceofsprinkleredfromceiling,
structuralfeatures,etc,whichaffectthesprinklerlayoutorthewaterdistributionfromthe
sprinklers
e.Thelocationandsizeofconcealedrooforceilingvoids,officesandotherenclosuressealedata

levellowerthantheroofofceilingproper
f.Indicationoftrunking,staging,platforms,machinery,fluorescentlightfittings,heaters,suspended
opencellceilings,etc,whichmayadverselyaffectthesprinklerdistribution
g.Thesprinklertypes(S)andtemperatureratings(s)
h.Thelocationandtypeofmaincontrolvalvesandlocationofalarmmotorsandgongs
i.Thelocationanddetailsofanywaterflowandairorwaterpressure,alarmswitches
j.Thelocationandsizeofanytailendairvalves,subsidiarystopvalvesanddrainvalves
k.Thedrainageslopeofthepipework
l.Thelocationandspecificationofanyorificeplate
m.Aschedulelistingthenumbersofsprinklers,mediumandhighvelocitysprayers,etc,andthearea
ofprotectionand
n.Akeytothesymbolsused.
4.3.2PrecalculatedPipework
Forprecalculatedpipeworkthefollowingdetailsshallbegivenon,orwith,thedrawings:
a.Identificationofthedesignpointsofeacharrayonthelayoutdrawing
b.Asummaryofthepressurelossesbetweenthecontrolvalveandthedesignpointsatthefollowing
designratesorflow:
1.Inalighthazardinstallation:225l/min,
2.Inamoderatehazardinstallation:1000l/min,and
3.Inahighhazardinstallationtheflowcorrespondingtotheappropriatedesigndensity.
NOTEforlightandmoderatehazardinstallationswithprecalculatedpipeworkthe
pressureneededatthedesignpointisnotstatedinsteadthefrictionlossinthepipework
betweenthecontrolvalveandthedesignpointsislimitedtoapredeterminedquantity,
incorporatedinthevaluespecifiedforpressureatthecontrolvalvesstaticheadisaddedto
thispressuretogivethevaluedefiningtheminimumactualwatersupplyrunningpressurea
typicalsummaryofpressurelossesisshowninTable1.
4.3.3HydraulicallyCalculatedPipework
Forhydraulicallycalculatedpipework,thefollowingshallbegiven,withdetailedcalculations,
eitheronpurposedesignedworksheetsorasacomputerprintout:
a.Foreachdesignareaofoperation:
1.theareaidentification
2.thehazardclass
3.thespecifieddensityofdischarge(inmm/min)
4.theassumedareaofmaximumoperation(AMAO)(inm2)
5.thenumberofsprinklersintheAMAO
6.thesprinklernominalorificesize(inmm)
7.themaximumareacoveredpersprinkler(inm2)

8.detailedanddimensionedworkingdrawingsshowingthefollowing:

i.thenodeorpipereferenceschemeusedtoidentifypipes,junctions,sprinklerheads
andfittingswhichneedhydraulicconsideration
ii.thepositionofthehydraulicallymostfavourableAMAO
iii.thepositionofthehydraulicallymostunfavourableAMAO
iv.thefoursprinklersuponwhichthedesigndensityisbasedand
v.theheightabovedatumofeachpointofidentifiedpressurevalue.
b.Foreachoperatingsprinkler:
1.thesprinklernodeorreferencenumber
2.thesprinklernominalKfactor
3.theflowthroughthesprinkler(inl/min)and
4.theinletpressuretothesprinklerorsprinklerassembly(inbar).
c.Foreachhydraulicallysignificantpipe:
1.thepipenodeorotherreference
2.thepipenominalbore(inmm)
3.thehazenwilliamsconstant(corKfactor)forthepipe
4.theflowthroughpipe(inl/min)
5.thenominalfluidvelocity(inm/sec)
6.thelengthofpipe(inm)
7.thenumbers,typesandequivalentlengthsoffittings
8.thestaticheadchangeinpipe(inm)
9.thepressuresatinletandoutletofpipeinbar
10.thefrictionlossinpipe(inbar)and
11.theindicationofflowdirection.
NOTEAlinediagramofthepipelayoutshallbepreparedshowingthefollowing:
1.thenodeorpipereferencenumbers
2.thedistributionpipes
3.therangepipes
4.thesprinklerheadsunderconsideration
5.thefourhydraulicallymostunfavourablyplacedheadsand
6.theflowthrough,andpressureattheendofeachhydraulicallysignificantpipe.

4.4WaterSupplyDrawings
Thedrawingsshallshowwatersuppliesandpipeworktherefromuptotheinstallationcontrol
valves.Thedrawingsshallbeonanindicatedscaleofnotlessthan1:100.Akeytothesymbolsshallbe
included.Thepositionandtypeofstopandcheckvalvesandanypressurereducingvalve,watermeter,
waterlock,orificeplateandanyconnectionsupplyingwaterforotherservicesshouldbeindicated.

4.5HydraulicCalculation

4.5.1PrecalculatedInstallations
Ahydrauliccalculation(withrelevantflowtests)shallshowthateachtrunkmaintogetherwith
anybranchmain,fromeachwatersupplytoamaininstallationcontrolvalvesetwatersupplytestand
drainvalveandcontrolvalveCgauge(i.e.,includingtheinstallationcontrolvalves)iscapableof
providingtherequiredpressureandflowattheinstallationcontrolvalvetestanddrainvalve.
4.5.2FullyHydraulicallyCalculatedInstallations
Wherethepipeworkisfullyhydraulicallycalculatedthefollowingadditionaldetailsshallbegiven:
a.amodifiedpressureflowcharacteristicgraphindicatingtheusablepressureatanyflowuptothe
maximuminstallationdemand,and
b.thedemandpressureflowcharacteristicgraphforeachinstallationforthehydraulicallymost
unfavourable(andifrequiredthemostfavourable)AMAOwithpressuretakenasatthecontrol
valveCpressuregauge.

5CLASSIFICATIONOFOCCUPANCIES
5.1
Asthewatersupply,pumpingcapacityandotherfeaturesofthesprinklerinstallationsdependsnot
onlyonthesizeoftherisk,butalsoonitsfiregrowthandspreadpotentialities,therisksaretobe
categorizedunderthefollowingclassesforthepurposeofdesignoftheinstallation:
a.Lighthazardclass,
b.Moderatehazardclass,
c.Highhazardclass,and
d.Storagehazards.
NOTEAbroadclassificationofvariousoccupanciesisgiveninNationalBuilding
Code(PartIV)FireProtection.
5.1.1LightHazardClass
Nonindustrialoccupancieswheretheareasofrooms,corridors,halls,etc,arenotmorethan125
m2andaboveareboundedbymasonry/orR.C.C.wallsraiseduptotheroofanddooropeningstherein
protectedbydoors.
Typicaloccupanciesareasfollows:
Hospitals
Hotels
Institutions
Libraries
Laundries
Museums
Nursinghomes

Officebuildings
Prisons
Schools,Colleges,etc.
NOTEIfanyoccupancyorblockwithinthelighthazardriskislargerthan125m2in
areaorhavinganarealessthan125m2inareabutnotboundonallsidesasstipulatedabove,
theriskshouldbeclassifiedasmoderatehazard.
6

Table1StatementofDistributionPipeLossesBetweentheVariousDesignPointsandthe
InstallationValues
(Clause4.3.2)
RunofDistribution
PipefromValuesto

Pipe
Pipe No.of EquivalentPipe
Size Length Turns LengthofTurns

Total
Equivalent
PipeLength

PressureLossatDesignFlowRate

(1)

(mm)
(2)

(m)
(3)

(4)

(m)
(5)

(m)
(6)

Pipe
Losses
(mBars)
(7)

Afloor3

65

3.5

35

122

80

111

100

49

55

240

Total

473

Bfloor3

StaticHead
Gain(ph)
(mBars)
(8)

Difference
(mBars)
(9)

+473

65

24.3

80

1.9

1.9

30

100

20

23

101

Total

374

Cfloor2

+374

65

10.5

10.5

365

80

16.9

16.9

268

100

28.3

34.3

150

Total

783

Dfloor2

65

8.8

80

100

16.3

8.8

+403

306

19.5

84

Total

390

Efloor1

380

380

+10

65

10.5

10.5

365

80

38.9

44.9

712

100

2.5

2.5

11

Ffloor1

Total

1088

760

+328

65

8.9

8.9

309

80

9.9

12.9

205

100

2.5

2.5

11

Total

525

760

235

NOTEThepressuredropcausedbyanyorificeplateinthedistributionpipeworkshouldbetakenintoaccountby
acorrespondingreductioninthestaticheadgain.

5.1.2ModerateHazard(ManufacturingOccupancies)
Abattoirs
Abrasivewheelandpowder
Aircraftfactories(excludinghangers)
Airportterminalbuildings
Bakeries
Biscuitfactories
Bookbinders,publishers
Breweries
Bootandshoeunits
Cables
Candle
Cardboardfactories
Carpentryandfurniture[notinvolvingfoam/foamplastics]
Carpets
Carparkingareaswithinbuildingorbasement
Cement
Ceramics
Chemicals
CinematographicandT.V.production/broadcastingstudios
Clothprocessors
Confectioneries
Dairies
Dehydratedvegetablefactories
Departmentalstores/Retailshops
Electronicequipmentandassembly
Engineeringworkshops
Fibreboardfactories

Flax,juteandhempmills
Flourmills
Foodandbeverages
7

Glassfactories
Hosieryandgarment
Jewellery
Laboratories
Motorgarages
Paintshops
Papermills
Photographicfilmfactories
Plywoodfactories
Printingpresses
Restaurantsandcafes
Ropefactories
Rubberandplastics(otherthanfoamplastics)
SoapfactoriesSugarmills
Syntheticfibres/yarnfactories
Tanneries
Textilemills
Timberandwoodworking(exceptsawmills)
Theatres
Tobaccofactories
Woodwool
Woollenmills
Vermicelli
Waxfactories
5.1.3HighHazard(ManufacturingOccupancies)
Aircrafthangers
Bitumenandwaxcoatedpaper
Celluloidgoods
Cellulosenitrate
Cigarettefilter
Distilleries
Duplicating/stencilpaperexplosives
Fireworks
Floorclothandlinoleum
Foamplasticsandfoamrubber

Hessiancloth/Tarfeltmatchfactories
Oilmills
Paint,colourandvarnishfactories
Resin,rosine,turpentineandlampblack
Rubbersubstitutesmakingunits
Sawmills
Surgicalcotton,mattressandpillowmakers
Tardistillationunits
Woodwoolmanufacturers
5.1.4StorageOccupancies
Storagerisks(stackedorhighpiled)arecategorisedunderfourclassesasperclassificationsbelow:
CATEGORYI
Carpets,Nonsynthetic/syntheticyarnandfabrics,Mechanicalandelectricalgoods(dominantly
metalparts)andhardwareitems,Glasswareandcrockery,fibreboards,groceries,metalgoods,Papers
otherthanthoselistedundercategories2and3below,Powderedandcannedfoods,Plastic/glassbottles
containingnonflammableliquids,etc.
CATEGORYII
Batteries,Baledcotton/syntheticfibres,Books,Baledcork,Baledwastepaper,Cartonscontaining
alcohols(incans/bottles),Cartonsofcannedlacquerswhichdrybysolventevaporation,Chipboard,
Cardboardrolls(horizontallystored),Cereals/Grains/Foodstuff/Flour/Sugarinsacks,Cellulose/Cellulose
pulp,ElectricalgoodsotherthanthosestatedinCategoryI,Flammableliquidsinnoncombustible
containers,Leathergoods,Palletisedliquorstocks,Plastics(nonfoamed,otherthancellulosenitrate),
Rolledpulpandpaperandasphaltedpaper(Horizontalstorage),Veneersheets,Woodenpatterns,
Metal/woodenfurnitureswithplasticseats,etc.
CATEGORYIII
Bitumen/Waxcoatedpaper,Candles,Carbonblack,Cardboardrolls(verticallystored),Charcoal,
Coal,cellulosenitrate,Foamedplasticandfoamrubberproducts,Flammableliquidsincombustible
containers,Linoleumproducts,Matches,PlasticsotherthanthosestatedinCategoryII,Rolledpulpand
paperandasphaltedpaper(verticalstorage),Rubbergoodsincludingtyresandtubes,Sawntimber,
Ventilatedwoodstacks,Waxedandasphaltcoatedpapersandcontainersincartons,Woodwool,wooden
palletsandflats(idle),Allmaterialshavingwrappingsorpreformedcontainersoffoamedplastics,etc.
CATEGORYIV
Offcutsandrandompiecesoffoamedplasticorfoamedrubberrollsofsheetsoffoamedplasticor
foamedrubber,Foammattress,Expandedpolystyrenepackaging,Foamupholstery,etc.

6PLANNING
6.1InitialConsiderations
6.1.1OutlineDesign
Considerationshouldbegiventoanybenefitsthatmightbegainedbychangesinbuildingdesign,
workprocedures,etc,whenpreparingtheoutlinedesign.Inplanningsitelayoutandbuildingdesign,

particularconsiderationshouldbegiventothefollowing:
a.theoccupancyhazardclassandgoodscategorywhichdeterminethewaterdischargedensityand
watersupplypressureandHow
b.thesitingofanymainwatersupplyconnection(s)
c.thesitingofanywatersupplytank(s)orreservoir
d.thesitingofanypumphouse
e.themaximumquantityofwateravailablefromthesupplysourcecomparedwiththesystem
requirements

f.thelocationofsprinklerinstallationcontrolvalves,togetherwiththeaccessthereto,indicationof
theirposition,andthedisposalofdrainageandwatersupplytestwater
g.thesourceandmeansofsupplyofelectricpower,etcand
h.theprotectionofvalvesets,pipeworkandsprinklersagainstaccidentaldamage.
6.1.2
Itisimportanttoconsiderbuildingdesigninthecontextoffireprotection,e.g.,choiceof
materials,supportofsprinklerpipeworkhavingregardtotheloadimposedonstructurebytheweightof
sprinklerpipeworkandthecontainedwater,needforinbuiltdrainage(whichisstronglyadvisedfor
computerareas)orraisingofbaseofstackedgoodsabovethefloorwherewaterdamagemaybesevere,
etc,whenstorageofgoodsisinvolveditmaybeappropriatetoconsidertheheightofthebuildingandof
materialstacks,andtheheightandtypeofanystoragerackwhichmayhaveaconsiderablebearingon
fireprotectioncosts.Thedesignofdoubleentrystorageracksmaybeinfluencedbytheneedtomount
sprinklerstherein.Wheresprinklersarefittedinracksadditionalrackstructuralmembersmaybeneeded
topreventimpactdamagetothesprinklerheadandpipework.
6.1.3InteractionwithOtherFireProtectionMeasures
Accountshouldbetakenofpossibleinteractionbetweensprinklersystemsandotherfire
protectionmeasures.Examplesofpossibleadverseinteractionsbetweensprinklerprotectionandother
fireprotectionmeasuresare:
a.waterdamagetoaninadequatelyshieldedfirealarmcontrolpanelinasprinklerprotectedarea
withconsequentpossiblefailureofthefirealarmsystem.
b.Operationorfailureofsmokedetectorsinzonesadjacenttooneinwhichwaterdischargeistaken
placebecauseofthewaterspraymisttravellingtoadjacentzones.
Suchpossibleinteractionsneedcarefulconsiderations.

6.2ExtentofSprinklerProtection
6.2.1BuildingtobeSprinklerProtected
Thesprinklersystemshouldprovideprotectiontoallpartsnotspecifiedasexceptions(6.2.2)in
oneofthefollowing:
a.thebuildingunderconsideration
b.anybuildingcommunicatingdirectlyorindirectlywiththebuildingunderconsideration.

Wherethereareunprotectedbuildingswithin6mofprotectedbuildingtheexposurehazardcan
bereducedbyusingcutoffsprinklersoverunsealedopeningsanddrenchersovercombustiblewallsin
theprotectedbuilding.
6.2.2Exceptions(BuildingsandPartsofBuildingsNotSprinklerProtected)
Obligatoryexceptions,sprinklerprotectionshallnotbeprovidedinthefollowingpartsofabuilding
orplant:
a.grainsilosorgrainbinsinsidebuildingsformingpartofcornmill,distillery,makingsoroilmills
b.ovens,hovelsandkilnsinpottery,earthenware,brick,tileandglassworksand
c.areas,roomsorplaceswherethewaterdischargedfromasprinklermayposeahazard.
Sprinklersshallnotbefittedoversaltbaths,metalmeltpansorfryingranges,orinpositions
wherewatermaydischargeintothemorindirectlydrainintothemnorshallwaterpipesbefittedinthese
positions.
6.2.3OptionalExceptions
Generallysprinklerprotectionshallbeconsideredfor,butneednotbeprovidedinthefollowing
partsofabuildingorplant:
a.Stairs,spacesbelowstairheadings(butnotroomsaboveastair)andliftwellsAnypartnot
providedwithsprinklerprotectionshallbeseparatedbywalls(225mmbrickor100mmR.C.C.).
Firedoorsnotlessthan1hinfireresistance,shallbeprovidedintheopeningsofsuchwalls.
b.Washrooms,toiletsandWCs(butnotcloakrooms)Anypartnotprovidedwithsprinkler
protectionshallbeseparatedbywalls(225mmbrickor100mmR.C.C.).Firedoorsnotlessthan1
hinfireresistance,shallbeprovidedintheopeningsofsuchwails.
c.Roomsorcompartmentscontainingelectricpowerdistributionapparatus,suchasswitchgear
andtransformers,andusedfornootherpurpose(s)Anypartnotprovidedwithsprinkler
protectionshallbeseparatedbywalls(225mmbrickor100mmR.C.C.).Firedoorsnotlessthan1
hinfireresistance,shallbeprovidedintheopeningsofsuchwalls.
d.Inpapermakingmachines,theundersidesofscreensorofshieldserectedoverthewetand(where
thereisnootherfirehazard).
6.2.4CommunicatingBuildings
Sprinklerprotectionshallbeconsideredfor,butneednotbeprovidedinthefollowing
communicatingbuildingsorstructures:
a.buildingorstoreysegregatedfromthesprinkleredbuildingbywallsofnotlessthan4hfire
resistanceinwhicheachopeningisprotectedbytwo(arrangedinseries)firedoorsorfireshutters
eachofnotlessthan2hfireresistance
9

b.canopiesofnoncombustibleconstruction,notextendingbeyond2.3mfromthebuildingwall.Any
suchcanopynotprovidedwithsprinklerprotectionshallbefittedwithcutoffsprinklersunderthe
canopyovereachopeningbetweenitandthesprinkleredbuilding.Anyopening2.5morlessin
widthshallbeprovidedwithacutoffsprinkler,positionedcentrallyovertheopening.Openings
exceeding2.5minwidthshallbeprovidedwithcutoffsprinklersovertheopening,notmorethan
2.5mapartandwithasprinklernotmorethan1.25m,fromeachside.

c.exteriorloadingdocksandplatformseitherofthenoncombustibleconstructionorwiththespace
beneathclosedoffagainstaccumulationofdebris
d.Buildingusedsolelyasofficesand/orprivatedwelling(s)Anypartnotprovidedwithsprinkler
protectionshallbeseparatedbywalls(225mmbrickor100mmR.C.C.Firedoorsnotlessthan1h
infireresistance,shallbeprovidedintheopeningsofsuchwallsalongwithcutoffsprinklers.
e.Stairs,washroomsandWCsexternaltothesprinklerprotectedbuilding,inwhichallopeningsto
thesprinklerprotectedbuildingareprotectedbydoorsofnotlessthan1hfireresistanceorcutoff
sprinklers.
f.Staircases,washrooms,toiletsandWCsexternalorinternaltothesprinklerprotectedbuilding
whichformsameansofcommunicationbetweenthesprinkleredbuildingandnonsprinklered
building.Inanysuchpartnotprovidedwithsprinklerprotectionallopeningsintothe
communicatingareafromthesprinkleredandfromthenonsprinkleredbuildingshallbeprotected
byfiredoorsofnotlessthan2hfireresistance.

6.3StorageinOpenorOpenSidedShed
Thedistancebetweencombustiblematerialsstoredintheopenorinanopensidedshedandthe
sprinkleredbuildingshallbenolessthan10mor1.5timestheheightofthestoredmaterialwhicheveris
greaterunlessthereisafirewallinbetweenorasuitabledrenchersystemtoprotecttheopeningsofthe
protectedbuildingfacingtheopenstorage

7WATERSUPPLY
7.1
Waterforthesprinklersystemshallbestoredinanyeasilyaccessiblesurfaceorunderground
reservoirorabovegroundtanksofsteel,concreteormasonry.Theeffectivecapacityofthereservoirfor
variousclassesofoccupanciesofsprinklerinstallationsshallbeasindicatedinTable2.
Table2EffectiveCapacityofWaterReservoir
(Clause7.1)
ClassofHazard
(1)

Lighthazard

ExclusiveWaterStorage
(2)

Notlessthan20minutesrunforthepumpingcapacityor35m3whicheverisgreater.

Moderatehazard Notlessthan1hourrunfortheaggregatepumpingcapacityor200m3whicheverisgreater.
Highhazard

Notlessthan2hoursrunfortheaggregatepumpingcapacity.

NOTEAhighercapacityofreservoirthanthatrequiredasperTable2maybestipulated,whereconsidered
necessary.

7.2
Watersuppliesforthesprinklerinstallationsshallbefreefromsuspended,fibrousorothermatters
whichmayaccumulateinthesystempipeworkanditisrecommendedtousefilteredwaterforthe
system.

7.3
Theuseofsaltorbrackishwaterisnotnormallyallowed.Inspecialcircumstanceswherethereis

nosuitablefreshwatersourceavailable,considerationmaybegivenfortheuseofsaltorbrackishwater
providedtheinstallationisnormallychargedwithfreshwater.

7.4
CombinedreservoirsforotherfirefightingsystemssuchasHydrantsystem,Waterspraysystems,
etc,alongwiththesprinklersystemarepermissibleprovided:(a)allthesuctioninletsorfootvalvesare
atsamelevel,and(b)aggregatecapacityofthereservoirisequaltothetotalrequirementofallthe
systemsputtogether.

7.5
Reservoirsofandover225m3capacityshallbeintwoindependentbutinterconnected
compartmentswithacommonsumptofacilitatecleaningandrepairs.Theconstruction/arrangementof
thereservoirandthecommonsumpshouldbeinaccordancewiththedrawingsasshownintheNational
BuildingCode,PartIV.

7.6
Levelindicatorshallbeprovidedformeasuringthequantityofwaterstoredatanytime.The
indicatorshouldpreferablybegraduatedtoreaddirectlyinm3ofwater.

7.7
Waterreservoirshallbecleanedatleastonceintwoyearsormorefrequentlyifnecessaryto
preventcontaminationandsedimentation.

7.8
Itisadvisabletoprovideadequateinflowintothereservoirsothattheprotectioncanbere
establishedwithinashortperiod.
10

8DESIGNDENSITYANDAMAOFORFULLYHYDRAULICALLYCALCULATED
ORPRECALCULATEDSPRINKLERSYSTEMS
8.1
Thedesigndensityandtheassumedmaximumareaofoperationforvarioustypesofrisksareas
giveninTable3.
Table3MinimumDesignDensityandAMAOforLight,ModerateandHighHazard
(Process)RisksatRoof/CeilingSprinklers
(Clause8.1)
Hazard
(1)

DesignDensity1/min/m2
(2)

AMAOm2
(3)

Light

2.25

84

Moderate

5.00

360

High

9.00

260

8.1.1LightHazard

Thedensityofwaterdischargeshallbeatleast2.25l/min/m2overanassumedareaofoperation
covering84m2.
Notmorethansixsprinklersshallbeinstalledinaroomexceptineitheracorridorwherethereis
asinglelineofsprinklersoraconcealedspaceprotectedasspecifiedin13.3.
8.1.2ModerateHazard
Thedensityofwaterdischargeshallbeatleast51/min/m2overanassumedareaofoperation
covering360m2.
8.1.3HighHazard
Thedensityofwaterdischargeforprocessrisksshallbeatleast101/min/m2overanassumedarea
ofoperationcovering260m2.
8.1.4StorageHazards
8.1.4.1

Storagehazardsarecategorisedfromthenatureandtypeofstorage.Whentheheightofstorage
increasesbeyondspecifiedlimits,firefightingisrenderedmoredifficult.Inworstcasesitmaynotbe
possibletofightthefireduetodifficultiesinreachingtheseatoffireandalsoaccessibilitytothefire
fightingstaffisimpairedduetoexcessivesmoke.Incaseofthesprinklersalsothesamedifficultiesare
encountered.Storageriskscanbecategorisedundermoderateorhighdependinguponthetypeand
methodofstorageofgoodswithinthegodown/warehouseblocks.
8.1.4.2

Thestorageoccupanciescanberegardedasmoderatehazardrisksiftheheightofstorageis
withinthelimitsforvariouscategoriesasgiveninTable4.
Table4StorageOccupanciesforModerateHazard
(Clause8.1.4.2)
Category
(1)

MaximumStorageHeightinMetres
(2)

DesignDensity1/min/m2
(3)

AMAOm2
(4)

4.00

360

II

3.00

360

III

2.00

360

IV

1.25

360

GoodsstorednothigherthanwhatisstatedinTable4fortheappropriatecategoryornothigher
thantheeavesheightoftheroofsorwithin1mofaflatceilingwhicheveristhelowestshallberegarded
asmoderatehazardstorage.Iftheaboveconditionsarenotmet,theriskshallberegardedashighhazard
storage.
8.1.4.3

Incaseofhighhazardstoragerisks,thenatureofthehazardisdeterminedbytheheightof
storage,storageaislewidthandareaofeachstorageblock.Goodsstorednothigherthanwhatisstatedin
Table5fortheappropriatecategoryornothigherthantheeavesheightoftheroofsorwithin1mofa
flatceilingwhicheveristhelowestshallberegardedashighhazardstorage.
8.1.5RequirementsCommontoModerateandHighHazardStorageRisks
8.1.5.1

Whereverpossible,thedeflectorofthesprinklerfittedintheceilingshallbeatmorethan1.5m
fromthegoodsstoredbelow.However,incaseofjutegodowns,nojutestockshallreachwithin2mof
thedeflectorsofthesprinklerheads.
8.1.5.2

Incaseofstorageinracksorshelves,iftheheightofstorageismorethanwhatisspecifiedin
Tables4and5,intermediatesprinklersshallbeprovidedforeachshelf/rackinadditiontotheceiling
sprinklersandoveralldesigndensityandAMAOshallbemaintainedasperTable5.
Table5StorageOccupanciesforHighHazard
(Clause8.1.4.3)
Category
(1)

MaximumStorageHeightinMetres
(2)

DesignDensity1/min/m2
(3)

AMAOm2
(4)

6.5

12.50

260

II

5.5

15.00

260

III

4.5

17.50

300

IV

3.5

22.50

300

8.1.5.3

Ifthetopofthestorageinthetoptiersoftheracksorshelvesiswithin3moftheroofsprinklers,
toptiersneednotbeprotectedbytheintermediate
sprinklers.However,theothertiersshallneedtobesprinklered.

11
8.1.5.4

Theaislewidthbetweenthestoragestacksshallnotbelessthan2.5mandthemaximumareaof
eachstoragestackshallnotbemorethan150m2.Iftheseparametersareexceeded,thedesigndensity
applicableshallbeloadedby2.5l/min/m2.
NOTEforstorageheightsbeyondwhatisstatedin8.1.4.3,thebasisfordesignis
renderedinvalidatedandinsuchcasesfulldetailsoftheriskshallbesubmittedtothe
authorityinadvanceforconsideration.
8.1.5.5

Incaseofmixedstorage(bothmoderateandhighhazardstorage)inbuildings,theparameterswill

begovernedbythemosthazardousoccupancy.

8.2PressureandFlowRequirements
8.2.1LightHazard
ForthedesigndensityandtheAMAOspecifiedthewatersupplyrunningpressureatthe
installationvalveshallnotbelessthan2.2barsplusthestaticpressureequivalentoftheheightofthe
highestsprinklerintheinstallationabovetheCgaugewhenawaterisbeingdischargedataflowrateof
225l/min.
8.2.2ModerateHazard
ForthedesigndensityandtheAMAOspecified,thewatersupplyrunningpressureatthe
installationvalveshallnotbelessthan2barsplusthestaticpressureequivalentoftheheightofthe
highestsprinklerintheinstallationabovetheCgaugewhenwaterisbeingdischargedataflowrateof
1800l/minor1.5barsplusthestaticpressureequivalentasstatedabovewhentheflowrateis2100
l/min.
8.2.3HighHazard
8.2.3.1

Thedesigndensity,flowrateandpressurerequirementsfordifferentfloorareasforthishazard
classareasspecifiedinTables6,7,8and9.
Table6PressureandFlowRequirementsforHighHazardInstallationswith15mm(K=
80)SprinklersPrecalculatedandPipeSizesfromTables24and26
(Clause8.2.3.1)
MinimumDesign
Density(1/min/m2 )

FlowRatePast
InstallationValue
(1/min)

RunningPressureattheDesignPointattheLeveloftheHighestSprinkler
intheHighHazardArea(Bars)FloorAreaperSprinklerinm2

10

111)

121)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

9.0

2800

1.8

2.4

3.2

3.9

4.8

5.8

6.8

12.5

4550

2.7

3.7

4.8

6.0

7.3

15.0

4550

3.8

5.2

6.8

1)Whenamoderatehazardinstallationrequirestobeupgradedtohighhazard,theseparametersshallbeused.

Table7PressureandFlowRequirementsforHighHazardInstallationswith15mm(K=
80)SprinklersPrecalculatedandPipeSizesfromTables25and27
(Clause8.2.3.1)
MinimumDesign
Density(1/min/m2 )

FlowRatePast
InstallationValue
(1/min)

RunningPressureattheDesignPointattheLeveloftheHighestSprinkler
intheHighHazardArea(Bars)FloorAreaperSprinklerinm2

10

111)

121)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

9.0

2800

1.3

1.8

2.4

3.0

3.8

4.6

5.5

9.0

2800

1.3

1.8

2.4

3.0

3.8

4.6

5.5

12.5

4550

2.0

2.8

3.6

4.6

5.7

7.0

8.4

15.0

4550

2.8

3.9

5.1

6.5

1Whenamoderatehazardinstallationrequirestobeupgradedtohighhazard,theseparametersshallbeused.

12

Table8PressureandFlowRequirementsforHighHazardInstallationswith15mm(K=
80)SprinklersPrecalculatedandPipeSizesfromTable25
(Clause8.2.3.1)
Density(l/min/m2 )

MinimumDesign

FlowRatePast
InstallationValue
(l/min)

RunningPressureattheDesignPointattheLeveloftheHighestSprinkler

10

111)

121)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

9.0

2800

0.7

1.0

1.3

1.6

2.0

2.4

2.8

12.5

4550

1.1

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.7

4.4

15.0

4550

1.6

2.2

2.8

3.6

4.4

5.3

6.3

17.5

4550

2.2

2.9

3.8

4.8

5.9

7.2

20.0

5600

2.8

3.8

5.0

6.3

7.8

22.5

5600

3.5

4.8

6.3

8.0

25.0

6750

4.4

5.9

7.8

27.5

6750

5.3

7.2

30.0

9000

6.2

intheHighHazardArea(Bars)FloorAreaperSprinklerinm2

1)Whenamoderatehazardinstallationrequirestobeupgradedtohighhazard,theseparametersshouldbeused.

Table9PressureandFlowRequirementsforHighHazardInstallationswith20mm(K=
115)SprinklersPrecalculatedandPipeSizesfromTable25
(Clause8.2.3.1)
MinimumDesign
Density(l/min/m2 )

FlowRatePast
InstallationValue
(l/min)

RunningPressureattheDesignPointattheLeveloftheHighestSprinkler
intheHighHazardArea(Bars)FloorAreaperSprinklerinm2

10

111)

121)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

9.0

2800

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.7

12.5

4550

0.9

1.2

1.5

1.8

2.2

2.6

15.0

4550

1.0

1.3

1.7

2.1

2.6

3.1

3.7

17.5

4550

1.3

1.7

2.3

2.8

3.5

4.2

5.0

20.0

5600

1.7

2.3

3.0

3.7

4.6

5.6

6.6

22.5

5600

2.0

2.9

3.7

4.7

5.8

7.0

25.0

6750

2.6

3.5

4.6

5.8

7.1

27.5

6750

3.0

4.2

5.5

6.9

30.0

9000

3.6

5.0

6.5

1)Whenamoderatehazardinstallationrequirestobeupgradedtohighhazard,theseparametersshouldbeused.

8.2.3.2

ThewatersupplyrunningpressureattheinstallationvalveCgaugeshallnotbelessthaneither:
a.wheretheAMAOisnotlargerthantheareaprotected,i.e.
Pr+Pf+Ps:or
b.wheretheAMAOislargerthantheareaprotected,i.e.
Pred+Pf+Ps
Pred = runningpressureasspecifiedinTables6,7,8and9asappropriateataflowrateequaltoavalueas
indicatedbelow:

where
Pr = therunningpressureatthedesignpointandflowratespecifiedinappropriateTables6,7,8,and9(inbar).
Pf = thecalculatedpipefrictionlossbetweentheinstallationvalveCgaugeandthemosthydraulicallyremote
designpoint(inbar).
Ps = thestaticpressuredifferencebetweenthehighestsprinklerdownstreamofthedesignpointandthe
installationvalveCgauge(inbar).
8.2.3.3WhereAMAOisfedbymorethanonedistributionpipe

Thepipefrictionlossshallbecalculatedonthebasisthattheflowratesinthedistributionpipes
arein
13

proportiontothefractionofthedesignareafedbyeachdistributionpipeasshowninFig.12.
8.2.3.4Mixedmoderateandhighhazard

WheretheareaofthehighhazardprotectionislessthantheAMAObutthereisanadjacentarea
ofmoderatehazardinthesameroom(i.e.,anareainwhichsprinklersareliabletooperate
simultaneously),thehighhazardareaflowraterequiredshallbereducedbytheratiooftheactualareato
theAMAOandtothisflowrateshallbeaddedtheflowrateforthemoderatehazardareatakenas5.0
theexcessofthespecifiedhighhazardAMAOovertheactualhighhazardarea(l/min)(seeFig.13).

Fig.12PrecalculatedHighRiseInstallation(AMAOFedByTwoDistributionPipes)

Fig.13PrecalculatedHighRiseInstallationAMAOCoveringHighandOrdinaryHazard
14

8.2.3.5

Whentestedasdescribedin18.3thewatersupplyrunningpressureshallbebasedonthelevelof
thehighestsprinklerinthehighhazardareaandshallbenotlessthanthatspecifiedin8.2.3.2(seealso
8.3).
8.2.3.6

Themoderatehazardportionoftheinstallationshallbesuppliedasspecifiedin8.2.2,andthe
highhazarddistributionpipefeedingbothhighandmoderatehazardsprinklersshallbeofborenotless

thanasspecifiedinthemoderatehazardpipetables.

8.3FullyHydraulicallyCalculatedPipeSizeInstallations
8.3.1PressureFlowRequirements
Whentestedasdescribedin18.3,thewatersupplyrunningpressureattheCgaugeshallbenot
lessthanthevaluecalculatedbythemethodasgivenin13.5(4sprinklermethod).
8.3.2Velocity
Theequilibriumwatervelocityshallnotexceed6m/satanyvalveorflowmonitoringdevice,or10
m/satanyotherpointinthesystemforthestabilizedflowconditionatthedemandpointinvolvingan
AMAOor,wherethesystemincludesintermediatesprinklers,thetotalnumberofsprinklersassumedto
beinsimultaneousoperation.

9PUMPS
9.1GeneralRequirements
9.1.1
Pumpsshallbeexclusivelyusedforthefirefightingpurposes,beofatypeapprovedbythe
Authority,andshallbe:
a.Electricmotordrivencentrifugalpumps,or
b.Compressionignitionenginedrivencentrifugalpumpsor
c.Verticalturbinesubmersiblepumps.
Inalltheabovecases,pumpsshallbeautomaticinaction.
9.1.2
Pumpsshallbedirectcoupled,exceptinthecaseofenginedrivenverticalturbinepumpswherein
geardrivesshallbeused.Beltdrivenpumpsshallnotbeaccepted.
9.1.3
Partsofpumpslikeimpeller,shaftsleeve,wearingring,etc,shallbeofnoncorrosivemetal
preferablyofbrassorbronze.
Whereseawaterisusedorwherethequalityofthewaternecessitatestheuseofspecialmetalsand
alloys,theuseofsuchmetalsandalloysshallbeinsistedupon.
9.1.4
Thecapacityofthepump(s)woulddependonthetypeofhazardprotectedandthesameshallbeas
perthesizesshowninTable10.
Table10PumpSelection
NatureofRisk

NatureofRisk

(1)

PumpCapacityl/s(m3 /h)
(2)

DeliveryPressurekg/m2
(3)

Light

27(96)

5.6

30(110)

5.6

Moderate

38(127)

5.6/7.0

47(171)

7.0

76(273)

7.0

High

47(171)

7.0

76(273)

7.0/8.8

114(410)

7.0/8.8

9.1.5
Pumpsshouldbecapableoffurnishingnotlessthan150%ofratedcapacityataheadofnotless
than65%oftheratedhead.Theshutoffheadshallnotexceed120%ofratedheadincaseofhorizontal
pumpsand140%incaseofverticalpumps.
9.1.6
Incaseofelectricallydrivenpumps,itisrecommendedthatacompressionignitionenginedriven
stationeryofsimilarcapacitybeinstalledasastandbyandviceversa.However,wherethesprinkler
systemconsistsofmorethanonepump,primemoversofallshallnotbeofsametype.
Notwithstandingtheabove,ifpowertomotorizedfirepumpsisobtainedfromtwosources,oneof
whichisacaptivegeneratingplantlocatedinablockeither6mawayfromallsurroundingbuildingor,
wherethisisnotfeasible,segregatedfromadjoiningbuildingsinamannerindicatedin9.1.13,morethan
onepumpmaybeoftheelectricallydriventype.
9.1.7
IncaseofJockeypumpsinsuchsystemstotakecareofminorleakages,thecapacitythereofshall
notbelessthan3%andnormallynotmorethan10%oftheinstalledpumpingcapacity.
9.1.8
Eachpumpshallbeprovidedwithapressuregaugeonthedeliverysidebetweenthepumpandthe
nonreturnvalveandaplategivingthedeliveryhead,capacityandthenumberofrevolutionsperminute.
9.1.9
Eachpumpshallbeprovidedwithanindependentsuctionpipewithoutanysluiceorcutoffvalves
therein,unlessthepumpissituatedbelowthelevelofthewatersupplyinwhichcasesluiceorcutoff
valveswouldbeessential,wheretheNetPositiveSuctionHead(NPSH)availableatsiteislessthan0.5m
inexcessoftheactualvalue,requireat150%ofthedutypointasperthemanufacturerscurvesorwhere
thewatersupplyhasfibrousorequallyobjectionablematterinsuspensionormudand/orsandliable
causeaccumulationintheinstallation,suction
15

pipe(s)shallbeinstalledinajackwellfedthroughaculvertfromthemainwatersupply.Atthe
supplyendoftheculvert,asluiceorgatevalveshallbeprovided.

9.1.10
Thediameterofthesuctionpipeshallbesuchthattherateofflowofwaterthroughitdoesnot
exceed90mperminutewhenthepumpisdeliveringatitsrateddischarge.If,however,thepumpis
situatedbelowthelevelofwatersupply,thediameterofthesuctionpipe/headershallbebasedupona
rateofflowof120mperminute.
9.1.11
Centrifugalpumpsshouldbefixedbelowthelevelofwatersupply.However,ifthepriming
arrangementsaresuchastoensurethatthesuctionpipeshouldbeautomaticallymaintainedfullofwater
notwithstandingaseriousleakagetherefrom(thepumpbeingautomaticallybroughtintoactionto
replenishtheprimingtankshouldthelaterbedrawnuponatagreaterratethantherateatwhichitisfed
fromanyothersource),positivesuctionmaynotbeinsisted.Insuchcases,thecapacityofprimingtank
neednotexceed450litresandthediameteroftheprimingpipeneednotexceed50mm.
NOTEForthepurposeof9.1.9,9.1.10and9.1.11,apumpshallbeconsideredas
havingpositivesuctiononlyifthequantityofwaterinthereservoirabovethelevelofthetop
ofthepumpcasingisequivalenttotherequirementsin8.1.
9.1.12
Ifthepumpisallowedtobeinstalledabovethelevelofitswatersupply,thereshallbeafootvalve
andaprimingarrangement,thelatterconsistingofatank(havingacapacityatleastthreetimesthatof
thesuctionpipefromthepumptothefootvalve)connectedtothedeliverysideofthepumpbyametal
pipehavingaminimuminternaldiameterof100mminthecaseofcentrifugalpumpswithastopvalve
andanonreturnvalvethereinofthesamesize.Adependableindependentfillingarrangementanda
levelindicatorshallbeprovidedfortheprimingtank.Theprovisionofavacuumgaugeforthesuction
pipeisrecommended.
9.1.13
Pumpsshallnotbeinstalledintheopen.Thepumproomshallbesolocatedastobebotheasily
accessibleandwhereanyfallingmasonryandthelikefromotherbuildingsoccasionedbyothercause,
cannotdamagethepumproom.Normally,pumproomsshallbelocated6mawayfromallsurrounding
buildingsandoverheadstructures.Wherethisisnotfeasible,theymaybeattachedtoabuildingprovided
aperfectpartywallisconstructedbetweenthepumproomandtheattachedbuilding,theroofofthe
pumproomisofR.C.C.constructionatleast100mmthickandaccesstothepumproomisfromthe
outside.Thepumproomsshallnormallyhavebrick/concretewallsandnoncombustibleroof,with
adequatelighting,ventilationanddrainagearrangements.
NOTEThepumproomshallbelocated30mclearoftheequipment/vesselshandling
orstoringflammableliquids/solventsand/orgases.

9.2ElectricallyDrivenPumps
9.2.1
Thesubstation(s)and/orD.G.house(s)supplyingpowertothefirepump(s)shallbeof
incombustibleconstructionandshallbelocatedatleast6mawayfromallsurroundingbuildings.Where

thisisnotfeasible,alldoorandwindowopeningsofthesurroundingbuildingswithin6mofthe
substation(s)and/orD.G.house(s)shallbeprotectedbysinglefiredoorsand6mmthickwiredglassin
steelframeworkrespectively.Likewise,roofeaves,ifanyofthesurroundingbuildingsfallingwithin6m
ofthesubstation(s)and/orD.G.house(s)shallbecutandwallraisedasaparapet.Theaboveprovision
shallalsoapplywhenthesubstation(s)and/orD.G.house(s)arewithin6mofeachother.
Wherethesubstation(s)and/orD.G.house(s)areattachedtobuildings,perfectpartywallsshallbe
constructedtosegregatethesubstation(s)and/orD.G.house(s)fromtheattachedbuildingsandwhere
theattachedbuildingisstoreyed,theroofofthesubstation(s)and/orD.G.housesshallbeofRCC
constructionofatleast100mmthickness.
TransformercubiclesinsidethesesubstationsshallbeseparatedfromHT/LTcubiclesandfrom
eachotherbyblankbrick/stone/concretewallsof355mmthicknessorofRCCof200mmwithdoor
openings,ifany,thereinbeingprotectedbysinglefireproofdoors.Thesubstation(s)andD.G.houses
shallalsobeseparatedfromeachotherasabove.
Transformersinstalledoutdoorswhicharesupplyingpowertofirepump(s),shallalsobelocatedat
least6mawayfromallthesurroundingbuildings[includingsubstation(s)and/orD.G.house(s)].Where
thisisnotfeasible,alldoorandwindowopeningsofthesurroundingbuildings[includingsubstation(s)
and/orD.G.house(s)]within6mofthetransformersshallbeprotectedbysinglefiredoorsand6mm
thickwiredglassinsteelframeworkrespectively.Likewise,roofeaves,ifanyofthesurroundingbuildings
fallingwithin6mofthetransformersshallbecutandwallraisedasaparapet.Blastwallsof
bricks/stone/concreteblocksof355mmthicknessorofRCCof200mmthicknessshallbeconstructed
betweentwotransformersandthesewallsshallbeextendedhorizontallyby600mmbeyondthe
extremitiesofthetransformersandvertically600mmabovethehighestpointofthetransformers.
NOTEForhighhazard(B)occupancies,substation(s)supplyingpowertofirepumps
shall,inadditiontocomplyingwiththeaboveprovisions,belocated30mclearofall
equipmentwhereflammablefluidshavingaflashpointbelow65Carehandledand/or
stored.
9.2.2
Overheadfeederstosubstation(s)supplyingpowertothefirepump(s)arenotpermittedwithina
horizontaldistanceof:
16

a.15mofanyprocessbuilding/plantortankscontainingflammableliquids,or
b.6mofanyotherbuildingortankscontainingnonflammableliquidsorofstorageinopen.
Incasethefeedtosuchsubstation(s)isbymeansofundergroundcables,thecablesshallnotpass
underanybuildingorpermanentstructure.
9.2.3
Sufficientsparepowershallalwaysbeavailabletodrivepumpingset(s)atalltimesthroughoutthe
year.
9.2.4
Theelectricsupplytothepumpingset(s)shallbeentirelyindependentofallotherequipmentin
thepremises,i.e.,evenwhenthepowerthroughouttheentirepremisesisswitchedoff,thesupplytothe
pumpshallcontinuetobeavailableinterrupted.Thiscanbeachievedbytakingtheconnectionforthe

pump(s)fromtheincomingsideofthemainLTbreaker.However,incaseswheretwoormore
transformersand/orsourcesofsupplyareconnectedtoacommonbusbarorwherethereisprovisionof
abuscouplerbetweenthebusbarsections,theconnectionmaybetakenthroughthebusbars(seeFig.
14).
9.2.5
Thefirepumpcircuitshallbeprotectedattheoriginbyanautomaticcircuitbreakersosetasto
permitthemotortobeoverloadedduringanemergencytothemaximumlimitpermissiblebythe
manufacturers.Further,theundervoltagerelease/novoltcoilofthecircuitbreakershallberemoved.
NOTEWherecablelengthsarelongenoughtowarrantbackupprotection,provision
forsuchaprotectionshallbemade.
9.2.6
Itisrecommendedthattelltalelampswhichcouldcontinuouslyglowwhenpowerisavailableto
thefirepump(s)circuitbeprovidedandfixedinaprominentposition,bothinthesubstationandinthe
pumproom.
9.2.7
Adirectfeederwithoutanytappings,shallbelaidfromthesubstationtothepumphouse.The
feedershallbelaidundergroundandshallnotpassunderanybuildingorpermanentstructure.Under
extraneouscircumstances,useofoverheadcablesmaybepermitted,butinnocaseshallsuchcablesbe
permittedtocontravenethedistanceindicatedin9.2.2.
9.2.8
Wherethereismorethanonesourceofpowerfortheoperationofpumpingset(s)everyelectrical
circuitshallpreferablybesodesignedastoensurethatwhennecessarytheset(s)continuetooperate
withoutthemanualoperationofanemergencyswitch.
9.2.9
Thepumpingset(s)shallbesecurelymountedonarobustbedplate,ifofthehorizontaltype,and
shallbefreefromvibrationatallvariationsofload.
9.2.10
TheratinganddesignofmotorsandswitchgearshallconformtotherelevantIndianStandard
Specifications.Themotorshallbeofcontinuousratingtypeanditsratingsshallbeequivalenttothe
horsepowerrequiredtodrivethepumpat150%ofitsrateddischarge(see9.1.4).
9.2.11
Themotorshallbeoftotallyenclosedtypeordripprooftype,thelatterhavingtheirairinletsand
outletsprotectedwithmeshedwirepanelstoexcluderodents,reptilesandinsects.
9.2.12

Themotor(s)shallbewoundforclassBinsulationpreferablyforclassEandthewindingsshall
bevacuumimpregnatedwithheatandmoistureresistingvarnishandpreferablyglassfibreinsulatedto
withstandtropicalconditions.
9.2.13
Motor(s)woundforhightensionsuppliesshallhaveasuitablefixedwarmingresistanceto
maintainthemotorwindingsinadryconditionatalltimesandparticularlyundermonsoonconditions.
Theresistanceshallbeconnectedtothelightingorotherequivalentcircuit.
9.2.14
Heatingapparatusshallalsobeprovided,whennecessary,formediumtensionmotorwherethey
arelocatedbelowgroundlevel,inordertomaintainthemotorwindingsinadrycondition.Adequate
drainagearrangementsshallalsobeprovidedinthepumphouseinsuchcases.
9.2.15
Theincomingcabletothefirepumproomshallterminateinanisolatingswitchfuseunit
incorporatingtheHRCfusesandwherenecessaryprovidedwithadistributionsystem.
9.2.16
Thestartingswitchgearforthefirepumpsshallbesuitablefordirectonlinestartingbutother
alternativearrangementsasremotecontrolledaresubjecttopriorapproval.Itshallalsoincorporatean
ammeterwithaclearindicationofthemotorfullloadcurrent.
9.2.17
Cablesformotorsandswitchgearsshallbearmouredorenclosedinheavygaugescrewedsteel
conduitaccordingtoconditions.
9.2.18
Itisrecommendedthattheequipmentthroughoutbepaintedfirered(ShadeNo.536asperIS5)
andsuitablymarkedforidentification.
9.2.19
Necessarysparepartsincludingasetoffuses(inaglassfrontedbox)shallbekeptinreadinessatall
timesinthepumphouse.
9.2.20
ThewiringinallinstallationsshallbedoneinaccordancewithIS732.

9.3CompressionIgnitionEngineDrivenPumps
9.3.1PumpRoom

Thepumproomshallbeartificiallyheated,ifnecessarytomaintainthetemperatureoftheroom
17

Fig.14FirePumpCircuit
18

above10C.Adequateventilationshallbeprovidedfortheairrequiredforaspirationandtolimit
thetemperatureriseintheroomto10Cabovetheambienttemperaturewhentheengineisonfullload.
9.3.2Engine

9.3.2.1

Theengineshallbe:
a.ofthecompressionignitionmechanicaldirectinjectiontype,capableofbeingstartedwithoutthe
useofwicks,cartridges,heaterplugsorether,atanengineroomtemperatureof7Candshall
acceptfullloadwithin15secondsfromthereceiptofthesignaltostart.
b.naturallyaspirated,superchargedorturbochargedandeitherairorwatercooled.Inthecaseof
chargedaircoolingbymeansofabeltdrivenfanorofabeltdrivenauxiliarywaterpumpthere
shallbemultiplebeltssuchthatshouldhalfthebeltsbreak,theremainingbeltswouldbecapableof
drivingthefanorpump.
c.capableofoperatingcontinuouslyonfullloadatthesiteelevationforaperiodofsixhours.
d.providedwithanadjustablegovernortocontroltheenginespeedwithin10%ofitsratedspeed
underanyconditionsofloaduptothefullloadrating.Thegovernorshouldbesettomaintainthe
ratedpumpspeedatmaximumpumpload.
e.providedwithaninbuilttachometertoindicatetherev/moftheengine.
f.providedwithatimetotaliser(Hourcounter).
9.3.2.2

Anymanualdevicefittedtotheenginewhichcouldpreventtheenginestartingshallreturn
automaticallytothenormalposition.
9.3.2.3

Engines,aftercorrectionforaltitudeandambienttemperatureshallhavebareenginehorsepower
ratingequivalenttothehigherofthefollowingtwovalves:
a.20%inexcessofthemaximumbrakehorsepowerrequiredtodrivethepumpatitsdutypoint.
b.Thebrakehorsepowerrequiredtodrivethepumpat150%ofitsrateddischarge.
9.3.2.4

Thecouplingbetweentheengineandthepumpshallalloweachunittoberemovedwithout
disturbingtheother.
9.3.3CoolingSystem
Thefollowingsystemsareacceptable:
a.Coolingbywaterfromthedischargeoffirepump(takenoffpriortothepumpdischargevalve)
directintotheenginecylinderjacketsviaapressurereducingdevicetolimittheappliedpressureto
asafevalueasspecifiedbytheenginemanufacturer.Theoutletconnectionfromthissystemshall
terminateatleast150mmabovetheenginewateroutletpipeandbedirectedintoanopentundish
sothatthedischargewaterisvisible.
b.Aheatexchanger,therawwaterbeingsuppliedfromthefirepumpdischarge(takenoffpriortothe
pumpdischargevalve)viaapressurereducingdevice,ifnecessary,tolimittheappliedpressuretoa
safevalueasspecifiedbytheenginemanufacturer.Therawwateroutletconnectionshallbeso
designedthatthedischargedwatercanbereadilyobserved.Thewaterintheclosedcircuitsshall

notbelessthanthatrecommendedbytheenginemanufacturer.Iftheauxiliarypumpisbeltdriven
thereshallbemultiplebeltssothatshouldhalfthebeltsbreak,theremainingbeltsshallbecapable
ofdrivingthepump.
c.Aframeorenginemountedaircooledradiatorwithamultiplebeltsdrivenfanfromtheengine.
Whenhalfthebeltsarebrokentheremainingbeltsshallbecapableofdrivingthefan.Thewaterin
theclosedcircuitshouldbecirculatedbymeansoftheauxiliarypumpdrivenbytheengineandthe
capacityoftheclosedcircuitshallbenotlessthanthatrecommendedbytheenginemanufacturer.
d.Directaircoolingoftheenginebymeansofmultiplebeltsdrivenfan.Whenhalfthebeltsare
brokentheremainingbeltsshallbecapableofdrivingthefan.
NOTEIncaseofsystemsdescribedinb,canddabove,afailureactuatedaudiovisual
alarmshallbeincorporated.
9.3.4AirFiltration
Theairintakeshallbefittedwiththefilterofadequatesizetopreventforeignmatterenteringthe
engine.
9.3.5ExhaustSystem
Theexhaustshallbefittedwithasuitablesilencerandthetotalbackpressureshallnotexceedthe
enginemakersrecommendation.Whentheexhaustsystemrisesabovetheengine,meansshallbe
providedtopreventanycondensateflowingintotheengine.
9.3.6EngineShutDownMechanism
Thisshallbemanuallyoperatedandreturnautomaticallytothestartingpositionafteruse.
9.3.7FuelSystem
9.3.7.1Fuel

Theenginefueloilshallbeofqualityandgradespecifiedbyenginemakers.Thereshallbekepton
handatalltimessufficientfueltoruntheengineon
19

fullloadforthreehours,inadditiontothatinthefueltank.
9.3.7.2Fueltank

ThefueltankshallbeofweldedsteelconstructionconformingtoIS2552.Thetankshallbe
mountedabovetheenginefuelpumptoprovideagravityfeedunlessotherwiserecommendedbythe
manufacturers.Thetankshallbefittedwithanindicatorshowingtheleveloffuelinthetank.
Thecapacityofthetankshallbesufficienttoallowtheenginetorunonfullloadfor:
Lighthazard

1h

Moderatehazard

2h

Highhazard

3h

NOTEWherethereismorethanonecompressionignitionenginedrivenpumpset

thereshallbeseparatefueltankandfuelfeedpipeforeachengine.
9.3.7.3Fuelfeedpipes

Anyvalveinthefuelfeedpipebetweenthefueltankandtheengineshallbeplacedadjacenttothe
tankanditshallbelockedintheopenposition.Pipejointsshallnotbesolderedandplastictubingshould
notbeused.
9.3.7.4Auxiliaryequipment

Thefollowingshallbeprovided:
a.Asludgeandsedimenttrap,
b.Afuellevelgauge,
c.Aninspectionandcleaninghole,
d.Afilterbetweenthefueltankandfuelpumpmountedinanaccessiblepositionforcleaning,and
e.Meanstoenabletheentirefuelsystemtobebledofair.Airreliefcocksarenotallowedscrewed
plugsarepermitted.
9.3.8StartingMechanism
Provisionshallbemadefortwoseparatemethodsofenginestarting,viz:
a.Automaticstartingbymeansofabatterypoweredelectricstartermotorincorporatingtheaxial
displacementtypeofpinion,havingautomaticrepeatstartfacilitiesinitiatedbyafallinpressurein
thewatersupplypipetothesprayinstallation.Thebatterycapacityshouldbeadequateforten
consecutivestartswithoutrechargingwithacoldengineunderfullcompression.
b.Manualstartingby:
1.Crankhandle,ifenginesizepermits,or
2.Electricstartermotor.
NOTEThestartermotorusedforautomaticstartingmayalsobeusedformanual
startingprovidedthereareseparatebatteriesformanualstarting.
9.3.9BatteryCharging
Themeansofchargingthebatteriesshallbebya2ratetricklechargerwithmanualselectionof
boostchargeandthebatteriesshallbechargedinposition.Whereseparatebatteriesareprovidedfor
automaticandmanualstartingthechargingequipmentshallbecapableoftricklechargingboththe
batteriessimultaneously.Equipmentshallbeprovidedtoenablethestateofchargeofthebatteriestobe
determined.
9.3.10Tools
Astandardkitoftoolsshallbeprovidedwiththeengineandkeptonhandatalltimes.
9.3.11SpareParts

Thefollowingsparepartsshallbesuppliedwiththeengineandkeptonhand:
a.Twosetsoffuelfilters,elementsandseals
b.Twosetsoflubricatingoilfilters,elementsandseals
c.Twosetsofbelts(whereverused)
d.Onecompletesetofenginejoints,gasketsandhoses
e.Twoinjectornozzles
f.Onecompletesetofpistonringsforeachcylinderand
g.Oneinletvalveandoneexhaustvalve.
9.3.12EngineExercising
Thetestshallbeforaperiodofatleastfiveminuteseachday.Whereclosedcircuitscooling
systemsareusedthewaterlevelintheprimarysystemshallbecheckedatthetimeofcarryingouteach
testand,ifnecessary,watershallbeaddedduringthecourseoftestprocedure.
9.3.13
Thefollowingconditionswillstrictlybecompliedwith:
a.Totesttheengineatleastonceaweek
b.Tomaintainthetemperatureoftheengineroomatnotlessthan4.5Catalltimes
c.Tomaintaintheminimumquantityoffueloilrequiredasdesiredintheseclauses
d.Touseagoodgradeoffueloilequivalentinqualitytothatspecifiedbytheenginemakerand
e.Tokeeponhandthesparepartsrequiredasspecifiedabove.

10PIPINGANDSUPPORTS
10.1Piping
10.1.1
Thepipeusedinthesprinklersystem(fromthepumphousetotheinstallationvalves)shallbe
normallylaidundergroundorinmasonryculvertswith
20

removablecoversofincombustibleconstructionandshallbeofanyoneofthefollowingtypes:
a.CastirondoubleflangedclassApipesconformingtothefollowingstandards:
1)

Horizontallycastironpipes

IS7181

2)

Verticallycastironpipes

IS1537

3)

Centrifugallycast(spun)ironpipes

IS1536

NOTEIncaseofverticallycastironpipes,wherethenominaldiameterofthe
pipesexceeds300mmorwherethepumpdeliverypressureexceeds7kg/cm2,class
Bpipeswouldbenecessary.
b.Centrifugallycast(spun)ironclassApipeswithTytonjointsconformingtoIS1536.

c.Wroughtormildsteelpipes(galvanisedornot)ofheavygradeconformingtoIS1239(Part1)and
IS1978(wheninstalledunderground)orelectricresistanceweldedsteelpipesconformingtoIS
3589havingweldedjointsandcoatedandwrappedasperIS10221.
NOTEAtleast10%ofalltheweldedjointsshouldberadiographicallytestedandhalf
ofthejointsradiographedshouldbefieldjoints.
10.1.2
Pipesmaybelaidovergroundonexclusivesupports.Pipesshallbeofmaterialconformingtoanyof
thedescriptionsasper10.1.1withwelded,threadedorflangedjointsandsupportedadequatelyatregular
intervals.Thepipesshallrunatleastatdistancesfromthefaceofthebuilding(s)and/oropenstorage
area(s)asstipulatedbelow:
Lighthazard

6m

Moderatehazard

6m

Highhazard

15m

10.1.3
Undergroundpipesshallbelaidnotlessthan1mbelowgroundlevel.Wheresoilconditionsare
unsatisfactory,masonryorequivalentsupportsshallbeprovidedatregularintervals.
NOTEIncaseofpoorsoilconditions,itmaysometimesbenecessarytoprovide
continuousmasonryorequivalentsupports.
10.1.4
Pipesshallnotbelaidunderbuildingsorplantareasorstorageareas.Asfaraspossible,pipesshall
notbelaidunderlargeopenstorage,railroadsandroadscarryingheavytraffic.
10.1.5
Pipesshouldnottraverseongroundwhichisnotunderthecontroloftheownerofthe
installation.Pipesshallalsonotpassthroughpublicroadways.
10.1.6
Theinstallationpiping(fromthepumphouseuptotheinstallationvalveandalsotheinstallation
pipingwithsprinklers)shallbecapableofwithstandingfortwohoursapressureequivalentto150%of
themaximumworkingpressure.
10.1.7
Allboltholesintheflangesshallbedrilled.
10.1.8
Flangesshallbefacedandhavejointingofrubberinsertionsorasbestoscompound.

10.1.9
Weldedjointsshallnotbepermittedforpipeshavingdiameterlessthan50mm.
NOTEWherejointswithoddanglesareencountered,referenceshallbemade.
10.1.10
Itisnotpermissibletorunthesprinklerpipesthroughanunsprinkleredbuildingoroccupancyand
whereitisnotpracticablethesupplypipelineshallbeinstalledatgroundlevelandenclosedinbrick
trenchescoveredwithremovableRCCprecastslabs.
10.1.11
Allinstallationpipeworkabovegroundshallbeinstalledataslopenotlessthan1:500for
horizontalrunofpipes.Normallythepipeworkshallslopethroughtheinstallationvalve.Ifthepipework
istrapped(belowtheleveloftheinstallationvalveforexampleinthebasements),arrangementsshallbe
madetoprovidedraincocksatthebottomofsuchpipestodrainthetrappedwater.
10.1.12
Sprinklerpipesshallnotbeembeddedinconcretefloorsorceilingsofanybuilding.

10.2Fittings
10.2.1
FittingsinstalledundergroundshallbeofcastironheavygradeconformingtoIS1538whereas
thoseinstalledovergroundshallbeofmediumgradewroughtormildsteelconformingtoIS1239(Part2)
ormalleableironfittingsconformingtoIS1879.
10.2.2
Allfittingsshallbeabletowithstandatleastapressureof150%ofthemaximumworkingpressure.
10.2.3
Weldedfittingsaccordingtothelaiddownweldingprocedurearepermitted.Weldedpartsshallbe
galvanisedorsuitablycoatedafterweldingaspertherequirementoftheareastobeprotectedbythe
system,i.e.,chemicalandelectrolyticcorrosion.
10.2.4
Weldedjointsshouldnotbepermittedforfittingsoflessthan50mmdiameter.

10.3Supports(PipesandFittingsAboveinstallationValve)
10.3.1

Sprinklerpipesshouldbesupportedfromthebuildingstructurewhichitselfshouldbecapableof
supportingthewaterfilledpipeworkandshouldnotimpairtheperformanceofsprinklersunderfire
conditions.
10.3.2
Pipeworkshouldnotbeusedtosupportanyotherloadsexceptwhereprimarysupportisdesigned
forthesuspensionofthepipedservice.
10.3.3
Distribution/Rangepipesshouldnotbesupportedfromceilingsheathingorcladdingorfromany
otherassociatedsuspensionsystems.
21

10.3.4
Pipesbelowobstructionssuchasductworkshouldbeeithersupportedfromthebuildingstructure
orfromthesteelmemberssupportingsuchobstructions.Suchmembersshouldbecapableofsupporting
theweightofwaterfilledpipestoo.
10.3.5
Hangersshouldnotbeweldedorfasteneddirectlytothepipework.
10.3.6
Thesupportsonwhichthepipeworkrestsshouldbesecuredfirmlyinposition.
10.3.7
Thethicknessofallpartsofpipesupportsshouldnotbelessthan3mm.
10.3.8
Whereverpossible,pipesshouldbesupportedfromnoncombustiblebuildingelements.
10.3.9
Pipeworkincorrosiveareasshouldbeofeitherstainlesssteelorsuitablyprotectedagainst
corrosion.
10.3.10
Thedistancebetweenthepipesupportsmeasuredalongthelineofconnectedpipes(whetherthe
pipesrunhorizontally,verticallyoratangles)shallnotbelessthanthatgiveninTable11.
Table11DistanceBetweenPipeSupports
(Clause10.3.10)
PipeDiameter

Spacing

(1)

(2)

(1)

(2)

Upto65mm

4.0m

65mmto100mm

6.0m

100mmto250mm

6.5m

10.3.11DistributionPipes
a.Thefirstsupportonanominallyhorizontaldistributionpipeshallnotbemorethan2mfromthe
maindistributionpipe.
b.Thelastsupportonanominallyhorizontaldistributionpipeshallnotbemorethan450mmfrom
theend.
c.Droporrisepipesshallbesecuredtothebuildingstructureeitherdirectlyorindirectlyatthe
adjacentnominallyhorizontalpartofthepipewithin300mmofthedroporrise.
10.3.12RangePipes
a.Atleastonesupportshallbeprovidedfor:
1.eachpiperunconnectingadjacentsprinkler,and
2.thepiperunconnectingthedistributionpipeandthefirstsprinklerontherangepipe.
b.Pipesupportsshallnotbecloserthan150mmtoanysprinkleraxialcentralline.
c.Thefirstsupportonarangepipeshallnotbemorethan2mfromthedistributionpipe.
d.Thelastsupportonarangepipeshallnotbemorethan1.5mfrom:
1.Therangepipeendor
2.Wherethereisahorizontalarmpipeof450mmorlonger,thearmpipeendor
3.Wherethereisadroporriseexceeding600mm,thedroporrisepipeend.
10.3.13
OutgoingmainsfromtheInstallationvalvetothesystemshouldbesupportedatevery3.5mofits
run.
10.3.14
Thethicknessofallcomponentsusedinpipesupportsshouldnotbelessthan3mmanywhere.
10.3.15
SomeofthetypicalsupportingarrangementsareshowninFig.15.

11SPRINKLERSPACING,ARRANGEMENTANDLOCATION
11.1GeneralRequirements
11.1.1
Allthemeasurementsbetweensprinklersorofareascoveredbygroupsofindividualsprinklers

shallbetakeninthehorizontalplane.
Notwithstandingtheaboveprovisions,thehydrauliccalculationsshallshowthedimensionsofthe
truelengthsmeasuredalongtheslopeofthepipe.
11.1.2
Sprinklersshallbeinstalleduprightorpendentasrequiredunderthecircumstances,withthe
deflectorparalleltotheslopeoftheroof,ceilingorpitchlineofstairs.
11.1.3
Wheretheslopeoftheroofisgreaterthan1in3,alineofsprinklersshallbefittedattheapex
unlessthereisarowofsprinklersatnotmorethan750mmdistantradiallytherefrom.

11.2CoverageandSpacingofSprinklers
11.2.1LightHazardClass
11.2.1.1Maximumareacoveragepersprinkler

a)

Sidewallsprinklers

17m2

b)

Othertypesofsprinklers

21m2

11.2.1.2

Maximumdistancebetweensprinklersonrangepipesandbetweenadjacentrowsofsprinklers:
a)

Sidewallsprinklers

b)

Othertypesofsprinklers

4.5m1)
4.5m

11.2.1.3Minimumspacingbetweensprinklers

Sprinklersshallnotbespacedatlessthan2mexceptinlocationswheretheheatsensitive
elementsofthesprinklerscanbeprotectedfromwettingoftheoperationoftheadjoiningsprinklerby
suitablebaffleswiththepriorapproval(seeFig.17).
1) Forroomsexceeding3.7mbutwithin7.4minwidth,onerowofsprinklersshallbeprovidedon

eachwallattheabovespacingandifthelengthoftheroomexceeds9.2m,thesprinklersintheopposite
wallsshallbestaggered(seeFig.16A).
22

Fig.15CommonTypesOfPipeHangerEquipment
23

Fig.16SidewallSprinklerSpacing
11.2.1.4Distancebetweensprinklersandtheboundary(seeFig.17):

a.Thedistancebetweentheboundaryandsprinklerswhenmeasuredalongtherangepipeshallnot
bemorethan0.5timesthespacingbetweenthesprinklersandwhenmeasuredperpendicularto
therangepipeshallnotbemorethan0.5timesthespacingbetweentherangepipes.
b.However,wheretheexternalwallsarecombustibleorbuiltwithasbestosandmetaloropensided
andalsoincaseofopenjoistedceilingsorwheretheroofhastheraftersexposed,thedistance
betweentheboundaryandthesprinklersshallnotexceed1.5m.

c.Sidewallsprinklersshallbelocatedwiththedeflectorverticalcentrelinenotlessthan50mmand
notmorethan150mmfromthewallfaceagainstwhichtheyaremounted.
11.2.2ModerateHazardClass
11.2.2.1Maximumareacoveragepersprinkler

24

a)

Sidewallsprinklers

b)

Othertypesofsprinklers

9m2
12m2

11.2.2.2Maximumdistancebetweensprinklersonrangepipesandbetweenadjacentrowsofsprinklers

a)

Sidewallsprinklers

b)

Othertypesofsprinklers:

Withstandardspacing

Withstaggeredspacing:

Sprinklersonranges

4.6m

Adjacentrows

4.0m

3.4m1)

4.0m

11.2.2.3Minimumspacingbetweensprinklers

Sprinklersshallnotbespacedatlessthan2mexceptinlocationswheretheheatsensitive
elementsofthesprinklerscanbeprotectedfromwettingoftheoperationoftheadjoiningsprinklerby
suitablebaffleswiththepriorapproval(seeFig.17).
11.2.2.4Distancebetweensprinklersandtheboundary(seeFig.17)

a.Thedistancebetweentheboundaryandsprinklerswhenmeasuredalongtherangepipeshallnot
bemorethan0.5timesthespacingbetweenthesprinklersandwhenmeasuredperpendicularto
therangepipeshallnotbemorethan0.5timesthespacingbetweentherangepipes.
b.Howeverwhenthelayoutisstaggered,thedistancebetweentheboundaryandthesprinklerswhen
measuredonrangeperpendiculartotheboundaryshallnotbemorethan0.5timesand0.25times
thespacingbetweenthesprinklersonalternaterangelines.
c.However,wheretheexternalwallsarecombustibleorbuiltwithasbestosandmetaloropensided
andalsoincaseofopenjoistedceilingsorwheretheroofhastheraftersexposed,thedistance
betweentheboundaryandthesprinklersshallnotexceed1.5m.
d.Sidewallsprinklersshallbelocatedwiththedeflectorverticalcentrelinenotlessthan50mmand
notmorethan150mmfromthewallfaceagainsttheyaremounted.
11.2.3HighHazardClass
11.2.3.1Maximumareacoveragepersprinkler

a)

Ingeneral

b)

Instorageracks(intermediate):

Withasinglerowofsprinklers

9m2

10m2

Withadoublerowofsprinklers

7.5m2

11.2.3.2

Maximumdistancebetweensprinklersonrangepipesandbetweenadjacentrowsofsprinklers:
a)

Ingeneral

3.7m

b)

Withinstorageracks(intermediate)

2.5m

1) Forroomsexceeding3.7mbutwithin7.4minwidth,onerowofsprinklersshallbeprovidedon

eachwallattheabovespacingandthesprinklersintheoppositewallsshallbestaggeredasshowninthe
Fig.16A.Ifthewidthoftheroomexceeds7.4m,itisnecessarytosprinklerthecentralportionby
conventionalceilingsprinklersandthedistancebetweentheaboveandthesidewallsprinklersshallnot
belessthan3.7m(seeFig.16B).

Fig.17CeilingSprinklerSpacing
11.2.3.3Minimumspacingbetweensprinklers

Sprinklersshallnotbespacedatlessthan2mexceptinlocationswheretheheatsensitive
elementsofthesprinklerscanbeprotectedfromwettingoftheoperationoftheadjoiningsprinklerby
suitablebaffleswiththepriorapproval(seeFig.17).
11.2.3.4Distancebetweensprinklersandtheboundary(seeFig.17)

25

a.Thedistancebetweentheboundaryandsprinklerswhenmeasuredalongtherangepipeshallnot
bemorethan0.5timesthespacingbetweenthesprinklersandwhenmeasuredperpendicularto
therangepipeshallnotbemorethan0.5timesthespacingbetweentherangepipes.
b.However,wheretheexternalwallsarecombustibleorbuiltwithasbestosandmetaloropensided
andalsoincaseofopenjoistedceilingsorwheretheroofhastheraftersexposed,thedistance
betweentheboundaryandthesprinklersshallnotexceed1.5m.
11.2.3.5

Sidewallsprinklersandstaggeredlayoutfortheinstallationarenotpermittedinhighhazardrisks.

11.3SpacingBelowSprinklerHeads
Aclearspaceof0.5mshallbemaintainedbelowthedeflectorofthesprinklerheadsinallcases
excepthighpiledcombustiblestorageareas/jutestorageandaboveopensuspendedceilingswherethe
clearspacerequiredasaboveshallbe1m.

11.4LocationofSprinklersinRelationtoBuildingStructureandPlant
11.4.1RoofsandCeilings
11.4.1.1Roofsandceilings,withoutbeamsorbays

a.Forconventionalandspraytypeofsprinklers,thesprinklersshallbeinstalledinsuchawaythat
thedeflectorsareatdistancesasshowninTable12.
b.Forsidewallsprinklers,thedeflectorofthesprinklersshallbenotlessthan100mmandnotmore
than150mmbelowtheceiling.
Table12DistanceofDeflectorsfromCeiling
TypeofCeiling

DistanceinMillimetres

Minimum Maximum Preferred

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

75

300

150

Combustiblewithexposedraftersand/oropenjoists

75

150

Noncombustibleeitherplaneorarchedorsloping

75

150

150

Combustible,asbestoscementsheets,wiredglassandothertypesoffrangible
elements

11.4.1.2Roofsandceilings,withbeamsbutwithoutbays

a.Incaseofconventionalandspraytypeofsprinklerswhereabeamorjoistissodeepthata
sprinklercannotbelocatedbelowthebeamorjoistasspecifiedinTable12,theyshouldbelocated
abovethebaseofthebeamorjoistatadistancebelowtheceilingandatadistancehorizontalfrom
thebeam/joistasspecifiedinTable13(depthofbeam/joistlessthan300/450mm)(Fig.18).
b.Incaseofsidewallsprinklersanybeamorotherobstructionbelowtheceilingwithintherectangle
centredonthesprinkler,ofdimensionA2BshallnotexceedthedepthasgiveninTable14.
Table13SprinklerLocationinRelationtoBeamsandJoists
(Clause11.4.1.2)
MinimumHorizontalDistancefromSprinklerVertical
AxistotheSideofBeamorJoist(inmm)
(a)
(seealsoFig.18)

MaximumHeightofSprinklerDeflectorAbove(+)or
Below()BottomofBeam(b)orJoist(inmm)
(seealsoFig.18)

ConventionalSprinkler

SpraySprinkler

Installed
Upright

Installed
Pendent

Installed
Upright

Installed
Pendent

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

200

20

1)

1)

1)

400

1)

600

+30

1)

+20

+60

800

+60

1)

+30

+120

1000

+100

200

+50

+200

1200

+140

170

+100

+280

1400

+190

120

+130

+360

1600

+260

30

+160

+470

1800

+390

+170

+180

+670

1)Thesetypesarenotusedatthesehorizontaldistances.

Table14SidewallSprinklerLocationinRelationtoBeams
(Clause11.4.1.2)
DepthofBeam(mm)

MinimumHorizontalDistanceBetweenSprinkler/WalltoBeam(inm)

MoreThan LessThan PerpendiculartoWallDimensionA

ParalleltoWallEitherSideofSprinklerDimensionB

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

100

1.8

1.0

100

125

2.1

1.2

125

150

2.4

1.4

150

175

2.7

1.6

175

200

3.0

1.8

NOTEAnyobstructionbelowtheplaneoftheceilingwithinarectangleeithersideofthesprinklerby1.8m
shouldberegardedasaboundary.
26

Fig.18SprinklerLocationRelatingtoBeams
11.4.1.3Roofsandceilings,withbaysand/ordeepbeams

a.Wherethedepthofabeamorjoistexceeds300mmor450mmforcombustibleandnon
combustibleceilingsrespectivelyorothersimilarobstructionsformceilingbayssothat
requirementsunder11.4.1.1cannotbemet,thenthebeamorjoistoranyothersuchobstructions
shallberegardedasaboundary.
b.Wherethedistancebetweencentretocentreofbeamsorjoistsis1.8morless,theabove
parametersdonotholdgoodandreferenceshallbemadewithfullparticulars.

11.5Columns
Asfaraspossible,thesprinklersshallbelocatedawayfromthecolumns.Wherearooforceiling
sprinklerislessthan0.6mfromthefaceofacolumn,anothersprinklershallbelocatednotmorethan2
mfromtheoppositesideofthecolumn.

11.6Girders
a.Wherethetopflangeofagirderisnotmorethan200mminwidth,sprinklersshallbepositioned
eithernotlessthan1.2mfromthesideofthegirderordirectlyabovethegirderwiththedeflector
notlessthan150mmfromthetopfaceofthegirder.
b.Wherethetopflangeofthegirderismorethan200mminwidth,sprinklersshallbepositioned
notlessthan1.2mfromthesideofthegirder.

11.7RoofTrusses
a.Wheretherooftrussmembersarenotmorethan100mmwide,sprinklershallbepositioned
eithernotlessthan0.3mfromthesideofthetrussorequidistantfromeachsideofthetrusswith
thedeflectornotlessthan150mmaboveanytrussmember.
b.Wheretherooftrussmembersaremorethan100mmbutlessthan200mmwide,sprinklershall

bepositionedeithernotlessthan0.6mfromthesideofthetrussorequidistantfromeachsideof
thetrusswiththedeflectornotlessthan150mmaboveanytrussmember.
c.Wheretherooftrussmembersaremorethan200mmwide,sprinklersshallbepositionednotless
than0.6mfromthesidesofthetruss.

11.8ConcealedSpaces
11.8.1RoofSpaces
Spacesbetweenroofsandceilings(includingthoseattheapexesandsidesofbuildings)morethan
0.8mdeepmeasuredbetweenthehighestpointundertheroofandthetopoftheceilingshallbe
sprinklerprotected.
11.8.2IntermediateFloorSpace
Concealedspacesbetweenfloorsandceilingsshallbesprinkleredwheretheyareasfollows:
a.Morethan0.8mdeepor
27

b.Notwhollyofnoncombustibleconstructionor
c.Containingcombustiblematerials.
11.8.3SpaceUnderLowestFloor
Sprinklersshallbeinstalledinallspacesbelowthelowestfloorsinabuildingwheretheflooris
combustibleand:
a.thespaceisaccessibleforstoragepurposeand/orentranceofunauthorizedpersonsand/or
accumulationofwasteanddebrisand/orisnotsealedagainstliquidspillage
b.thespacecontainsutilitypipingandinstallationsuchasair,steam,wiring,shafting,conveyors,etc
and
c.flammableliquidsarestoredinthefloorabove.
11.8.4BinsandSilos
Wheretheareaofthebinsandsilosexceed9m2andwherethesamearedetached,sprinklers
shouldbeprovidedinsidethebinsandsiloscontainingsawdust,woodflour,pulverizedcoalandsimilar
ignitablematerials.Careshallbeexercisedtoensurethatformaterialswhichtendtoswellunderwater
andburst,referenceshallbemadewithfullparticulars.
11.8.5Corn,Rice,ProvenderandOilMills
a.Asprinklershouldbefittedattheheadofeachdusttrunk.Sprinklersshallbeinstalledatnotmore
than3mapartinalldusttrunkswhichareconstructedofcombustiblematerialsandwhichare
installedatmorethan30fromthevertical.
b.Tiersofcyclones(centrifuges),orsimilarplant,separatedbylessthan1mshallbeprotectedby
sprinklersintheinterspaceasshowninFig.19.
11.8.6Elevators,RopeorStrapRaces,GearingBoxesandDustReceivers

a.Elevators,otherthanpneumaticelevatorsorslowmovingendlesschain,ring,looporfork
elevatorscapableofoperatingonlywhentheelevatorisfull,shallbefittedwithasprinkler.The
sprinklershallbeintheboxatthetop,locatedtodischargeovertheheadandbothlegsorshaftsof
theelevator.
b.Ropeorstrapraces,gearingboxesandenclosedshaftmachinedrivesofcombustibleconstruction
orcommunicatingbetweenfloors,shallbefittedwithinternalsprinklers.
c.Dustcyclonesanddustcollectionchambersandboxeseitherinsidetheprotectedbuildingor
outsideanddirectlyaboveanyprotectedbuildingwithacombustibleroof,shallbefittedwith
internalsprinklers.
d.Thetrunkingsconnectingthedustcollectionchamberstotheprotectedbuildingwithin10mshall
beprotectedwithsprinklers.
11.8.7Escalators
Sprinklersshallbeinstalledinthefollowingareas:
a.Inthepassengercarryingspace
b.Belowtheceiling
c.Betweentheceilingbelowtheescalatorandthepassengercarryingspace
d.Intheescalatorbootand
e.Inthemotorareas.
11.8.8Hoists,LiftWellsandEnclosedChutesThroughtheFloors
Theaboveareas,ifnotsegregatedfromthemainbuildingsinwhichtheyarelocated,shallbe
sprinklered.
11.8.9MachineryPitsandProductionLines
Machinerypitsinwhichcombustiblewastesmayaccumulateandtheundersidesoftheproduction
linesshallbesprinklered.

Fig.19ProtectionOfTieredConicalPlant,e.g.,CycloneDustCollector
28

11.8.10EnclosedPaintLines,DryingOvensandDryingEnclosures
Theareasshallbesprinkleredontheinsideandsidewallsprinklersmaybeconsideredforthese
areas.

11.9ObstructionBelowSprinklers
11.9.1
Sprinklersshallbefittedunderthefollowingtypesofobstructionswhichareeither:(a)morethan
0.8mwideandlessthan150mmfromtheadjacentwallsorpartitions,or(b)morethan1mwide.
Internaloverheadplatforms,heatingpanels,galleries,walkways,stagingsotherthaninfilmor
televisionstudiosandstairsandstairwaysunlessspecificallyexcepted.
11.9.2Ducts
Sprinklersshallbefittedbelowtheductsunderthefollowingcircumstances:
a.Rectangularandmorethan0.8mwideandlessthan150mmfromtheadjacentwallsor
partitions
b.Circularandmorethan1mindiameterandlessthan150mmfromtheadjacentwallsor
partitions
c.Rectangularandmorethan1minwidthand
d.Circularandmorethan1mindiameter.
11.9.3HoodsOverPaperMakingMachines
Sprinklersshallbefittedunderthehoodsorshieldsoverthedryendsofabovemachines.Ifthere
isanenclosures,sidewallsprinklersarerecommended.
11.9.4StorageRacks
Sprinklersshouldbefittedtoprotectthestorageinracks.
11.9.5Worktables
Sprinklersshallbefittedundertheworktableswherethereisapowersourceorwherecombustible
processwastemayaccumulate.
11.9.6SuspendedCeilings
Forprotectingthesuspendedimperforateoropenceilingswithsprinklers,theprotectionneeds
specialconsiderationsduetoseveralfactorslikecombustibilityoftheroofmaterial,behaviourunderfire
conditions,structuralintegrity,etc.

11.10Canopies
Canopiesthatarenoncombustibleandlessthan2mfromthewallofthebuildingneednotbe
protectedwithsprinklersprovidedcutoffsprinklersarefittedatthedooropeningsleadingtothe
canopies.However,underothercircumstances,theundersideofthecanopiesshallbefittedwith
sprinklers.

11.11ExteriorDocksandPlatforms

Sprinklersshallbefittedundertheexteriordocksandplatformsofcombustibleconstruction
unlesssuchspacesaresealedagainstaccumulationofdebrisandwaste.

11.12SprinklerProtectionforSpecificHazards
11.12.1FilmandTelevisionProductionStudios
Sprinklersshallbefittedundersolidorslatedplatforms(exceptthoseusedfortemporary
platforms,etc,forsetsbutincludingthoseforlightingandotherequipment)ifthesearemorethan0.8m
wideandalsoforwalkways,connectingstairsincludingthoseusedforlightingandotherequipment.
Sprinklersshallalsobefittedinconcealedspacesorcavitiesmorethan100mmdeepbetween
combustibleliningsandwalls/roofs.
11.12.2TheatresandSimilarPremises
Inadditiontothesprinklersintherooforceiling,sprinklersshallbefittedunderthegrid,theflies,
thestageandanyotherobstructiontothedischargefromtherooforceilingsprinklers.Careshallbe
exercisedinsitingthesprinklersandassociatedpipeworkincasewheremovingsetsareinvolvedandalso
wherepersonnelhavetoworkinthecloseproximityofthesprinklers.
11.12.3ComputerandSimilarEDPAreas
Preactionsprinklerinstallationisrecommendedforabovetypeofriskskeepinginmindtheeffect
ofwaterdischargeonsuchrisks
11.12.4PlasticRoofLights
SprinklersshallnotbeinstalleddirectlybelowrooflightsofPVCorplasticsofsimilarthermal
behaviourandshallonlybeinstalledwhere(a)theareaofrooflightdoesnotexceed5m2,(b)thedistance
betweentheindividualrooflightsisnotlessthan1.8m,and(c)thetotalareaofrooflightsinanybuilding
orinthosecommunicatingtherewithdoesnotexceed15%oftheplanareaofsuchbuilding(s).

11.13IntermediateLevelSprinklers
Forhighhazardstorageinracks,shelves,etc,protectionbyrowsofintermediatesprinklersis
mandatory,ifstorageheightsarebeyondthelimitsspecifiedin9.1.5.2and9.1.5.3(Tables4and5).The
requirementsfortheaboveprovisionsareasgivenin11.3.1to11.3.4.
11.13.1
Thelocationofsprinklersshallbesuchthattheyarenotobstructedbyracksorstructuralsteel
workandasfaraspossible,theyareinthepathoflongitudinalfluespace.Thedischargeofwatershallbe
abletopenetratethegoodsstoredintheracks.Theclearancebetweenthesprinklerdeflectorsandthe
storedgoodsshallnotbelessthan150mmanywhere.
29

Thenumberofrowsaredeterminedbytheheightoftheracksand/orshelves.
11.13.2
Thehorizontalspacing(longitudinal)betweensprinklersshallnotexceed3.5mforCategoryI/II

goodsand1.8mforCategoryIII/IVgoods.Laterallyforevery3mwidthoftheracks(includingtwo
rackswhenstoredbacktoback),thereshallbeonesprinkler.
11.13.3
Theverticalspacingbetweensprinklersshallnotexceed3m.Ifthetoptieroftheracksiswithin3
moftheroofsprinklers,toptierneednotbeprotectedwithintermediatesprinklers.
11.13.4
Thelocationofintermediatesprinklersshallbesuchthattheproductofthehorizontalandvertical
spacingbetweensprinklersisnotmorethan9m2forCategoryI/IIstoragegoodsand5m2forCategory
III/IVstoragegoods.

12PIPESIZINGANDSPRINKLERSARRAYDESIGN
12.1GeneralRequirements
12.1.1SupplyMains
Thenominalsizeofsupplytrunkmainsandbranchmainsshallbenotlessthanthesizeofany
installationmaindistributionpipe,atitsmaininstallationcontrolvalve,suppliedbythetrunkmain.
12.1.2InstallationPipework
Individualsprinklersshallnotbeconnecteddirectlytodistributionandmaindistributionpipes,
exceptinthecaseoflighthazardinstallationswheresprinklermaybeconnecteddirectlytopipesnot
exceeding50mmnominalbore.
12.1.3
Inmoderateorhighhazardinstallationsarmpipesordroppipesnotexceeding32mmnominal
boreshallbeusedtoconnectindividualsprinklerswherethesearefedfrompipeslargerthan65mm
nominalbore.
12.1.4
Whereuprightorpendentconventionalorspraysprinklersarefittedwithin400mmofthepipe
axisalongsideapipeofnominalsizegreaterthan65mm,thedeflectorshallbenotmorethanthe
appropriatedistancegiveninTable15abovetheloweredgeofthepipe.

12.2OrificePlates
12.2.1
Anorificeplateusedtohydraulicallybalanceaninstallation,ortoaccommodatepump
characteristic,shall:
a.haveanorificediameternotlessthanonehalfoftheinternaldiameterofthepipeintowhichitis
fitted

b.befittedonlyinpipesof50mmnominalboreorgreater
c.beofbrassorstainlesssteelwithaplaincentralholewithoutburrs,andofathicknesscomplying
withTable16
d.haveanidentificationtag,projectingbeyondanyflangesbetweenwhichitisclamped,onwhichis
clearlystampedthenominalpipediameterandtheorificeKfactor.
12.2.2
Theorificeplateshallbefittednotlessthantwopipeinternaldiametersdownstreamoftheoutlet
fromanyelboworbend.
12.2.3
Therelationshipbetweenorificesize,flowrateandthepressurelossshallbecalculatedusingthe
datagiveninTables32and33.
Table15LocationofSprinklersAlongsideFeedPipesLargerThan65mmNominalSize
(Clause12.1.4)
MinimumHorizontalDistancefromPipeCentre
LinetotheSprinklerCentreLine(mm)

MaximumHeightofSprinklerDeflectorAboveLowerEdgeofPipe
(mm)

ConventionalSprinkler
InstalledUpright

SpraySprinklerUpright/Pendentand
ConventionalSprinklerPendent

(1)

(2)

(3)

100

00

17

200

17

40

400

34

100

NOTEDimensionsmaybeinterpolated.

Table16OrificePlateThicknessAccordingtoPipeNominalBorePipeNominalBore
(Clause12.2.1)
PipeNominalBore
(mm)

Over

NotGreaterthan

OrificePlateThickness
(mm)

80

80

150

150

200

12.3ConcealedSpaces
12.3.1ProtectioninConcealedSpaces
Wherethereareconcealedspacesaboveceilingsorbelowfloors,andwherethespacebelowthe
ceilingorabovethefloorisclassifiedasmoderateorhighhazardforwhichprotectionisspecifiedin
11.8,theconcealedspacesshallbeprotectedasfollows:
a.iftheconcealedspacecontainsonlywaterpipes,electricwiringorairconditioningtrunkingof

30

noncombustiblematerialby10mmsprinklerswithamaximumareaofcoverage21m2per
sprinklerandadesigndensitydischargedof5mm/minor
b.otherwiseasspecifiedformoderatehazard.
ThemaximumareaofsprinklercoverageandpipeworkdesignshallbeasgiveninTable17.
12.3.2
Thefeedpipetothesprinklersintheconcealedspaceshallbearrangedandsizedasfollows.
12.3.2.1Lighthazard

Theconcealedspaceaboveorbelowshallbeprotectedbyaseparatepipefromtheinstallation
valve.
12.3.2.2Moderatehazard

Iftheconcealedspaceaboveaprecalculatedinstallationarefedindividuallyfromthepipework
below,therangeanddistributionpipesintheinstallationshallbesizedbytakingtheroomandconcealed
spacesprinklerscumulatively.Alternativelyiftwofeedpipesareused,onefortheconcealedspaceand
onefortheroomsprinklers,thecommonfeedpipeshallhaveanominalboreofnotlessthan65mm.
Theconcealedspacebelowaprecalculatedinstallationshallbefedbytwofeedpipes,oneforthe
concealedspaceandonefortheroomsprinklers,thecommonfeedpipeshouldhaveanominalboreof
notlessthan65mm.
12.3.2.3Highhazard

Iftheconcealedspaceaboveorbelowaprecalculatedinstallationshallbefedbyaseparatefeed
pipefromthatfeedingthesprinklersintheroom.Theconcealedsprinklerfeedpipeshallbeconnected
outsidetheroombetweentheinstallationvalvesetandany48sprinklerdesignpointforahighhazard
sprinklerarrayoutsidetheroomconcerned.
12.3.2.4Fullyhydraulicallycalculatedinstallation

Thepressureandflowcharacteristicsoftheinstallationshallbesatisfactoryundereachofthe
followingoperatingconditions:
a.WhentheappropriatedensityandAMAOareneededwhollyintheroom.
b.WhentheappropriatedensityandtheAMAOgiveninTable17areneededwhollyintheconcealed
space.

12.4PrecalculatedSprinklerArrays
12.4.1General
12.4.1.1

Thesizeofdistributionfeedpipes,includinginlighthazardinstallationsanywhicharepartly
rangepipesbecauseofthethreesprinklerlimitation,shallbeasspecifiedinthetablesfromtheterminal

point(s)uptothedesignpoint(s).
12.4.1.2

Thefeedpipebetweentheinstallationmaincontrolvalvesandthedesignpointshallbe
hydraulicallycalculatedonthebasisofamaximumflowloss,correctedforstaticheadgainfordesign
pointsnotatthehighestlevel,ataparticularflowrate.
12.4.1.3

Wherethenumberofsprinklersinanarrayinaroom,orinanareaprotectedbyadistinctgroup
ofsprinklershavingitsowndistributionpipespur,islessthanorequaltothenumberofsprinklersfor
whichthedistributionpipesarehydraulicallydesigned,thedesignpointshallbepositionedatthepointof
connectiontothedistributionpipeoftherangeofthe
Table17SprinklerProtectionofConcealedSpaces
(Clause12.3.1)
ClassofProtectionin
Room

ConcealedSpacePipeworkDesign

ConcealedSpaceMaximumAreaperSprinkler,
orTreatasHazardClassListed(inm2 )

Pipework
Design
Method

Hazard
Class

NominalSizeasfor
HazardClassListed

AMAOasfor
HazardClass
Listed

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

Precalculated

Light

Light

Light

Moderate

Moderate

Moderate
High

Moderate

Moderate

21
Moderate

Fully

Light

Light

Light

calculated

Moderate

Moderate

21

Moderate

Moderate

Moderate

21

Moderate

Moderate

High

31

21
Moderate

arraywhichishydraulicallynearesttotheinstallationcontrolvalves.
12.4.1.4

Wherethenumberofsprinklersinanarrayinaroomonadistributionpipeterminalspurexceeds
thenumberforwhichthedistributionpipesarehydraulicallydesigned,thedesignpointshallbe
positionedatthepointofconnectiontotherangeorrangesimmediatelyupstreamofthegroupofranges
containingnotmorethanthemaximumspecifiednumberofsprinklersbeyondthedesignpoint.
12.4.1.5

Risersordrops,connectingrangestodistributionpipesandpipeslongerthan300mmconnecting
singlesprinklerstodistributionpipes,shallbeconsideredtobedistributionpipesandsizedaccordingly.
Thedesignpointshallbepositionedatthepointofconnectionoftheriser,droporsinglesprinklerpipe

tothehorizontaldistributionpiperunwhendesigningthehydraulicallydeterminedlengthoffeedpipe.
12.4.1.6

Pipediametersshallnotincreaseinthedirectionofflowofwatertoanysprinkler.
12.4.2LightHazard
12.4.2.1Rangeandterminalspurdistributionpipes

Thenominalsizeofrangepipeandterminaldistributionpipes,i.e.,distributionpipesdownstream
ofthedesignpoint,shallbeasgiveninTable18.
NOTEItispossibleonlyunderlighthazardrisksthatsprinklerscanbefeddirectly
fromthedistributionpipes.
12.4.2.2Distributionpipes(otherthanterminalspurs)

Allpipeworkbetweentheinstallationmaincontrolvalvesandthedesignpointateachextremityof
aninstallationarrayatthehighestlevelshallbesizedbyhydrauliccalculationusingthevaluesofTables
19and20.
12.4.2.3Designpoint

Normallyitshallbetwosprinklerpoint.However,underthefollowingcircumstances,itshallbe
threesprinklerpoint(seeFig.20):
a.Iftherangepipecatersto4ormoresprinklersand
b.Whentherangepiperunsalongtheapexoftheridgeroofor

Fig.20DesignPointsinAL.H.Installation
32

c.Whentherangepipeistheonlylinealonganarrowroomorcorridor.
12.4.2.4

Maximumnumberofsprinklersthatcanbefedfromarangepipeshallnotbemorethansix.
12.4.2.5

Thepressurelossbetweenthedesignpointandtheentrypointfromthedistributionpipetothe
range(wheremorethantwosprinklersareprovidedintherange)shallbecalculatedasperTable20
(columnA).
12.4.2.6

Thepressurelossfromtheentrypointassaidaboveattheextremityoftheinstallationandthe
installationvalveshallbecalculatedasperTable20(columnB).
12.4.2.7

Incaseofsprinklersindifferentlevelsinthesamerisk,allowancecanbegiventothestatic
pressuregaininthesuccessivelevelsbelowthetopmostlevel.Thenominalsizeofthedistributionpipe
shallhowevernotbelessthantheminimumsizespecifiedinTable18fortherangepipefedfromthe
designpoint.

12.4.2.8

Thelayoutofthesprinklerinstallationshould,byandlarge,conformtothemethodshowninFig.
20.
Table18LightHazardRangeandTerminalDistributionPipeSizes
(Clause12.4.2.1)
Pipe
(1)

Size(mm)
(2)

MaximumLength(inm)
(3)

MaximumNumberofSprinklers1)AllowedonthePipeSizeStated
(4)

Steel

20

25

N.A.

1)Thelimitof3sprinklersdoesnotprecludetheuseof25mmpipebetweenthe2/3sprinklerdesignpointandthe

installationvalveifhydrauliccalculationshowsitispossiblenordoesitfollowthat25mmpipemaybeused
betweenthe3rdand4thsprinklerswherethetwosprinklerpointisthedesignpoint.

Table19MaximumPipeFlowLossBetweenEachDesignPointandtheInstallation
ControlValveinLightHazardInstallation
(Clause12.4.2.2)
DesignPoint

(1)

MaximumFrictionLossIncluding
ChangesofDirection(Bars)
(2)

Distributionand
RangePipeLoss
(3)

0.9

SeeColumnsAand

Twosprinklerpoint

BofTable20
Threesprinklerpoint

0.7

SeeColumnBof
Table20

Twosprinklerpointinanarrowroomorrangeatroofapex

0.7

eachwithaanglelineofthreesprinklers

SeeColumnBof
Table20

Table20PressureLossPerUnitLengthforDesignFlowRatesinLightHazard
Installation
(Clause12.4.2.2)
PipeMaterial

NominalSize(mm)

ColumnA

ColumnB

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

25

44.0

200.0

32

12.0

51.0

40

5.5

25.0

50

1.7

7.8

63

0.5

2.2

Steel[IS1239(Part1)]

PressureLossPerUnitLength(inmBar/m)

NOTES
1.Theequivalentlengthofanelbow,bendorleewherethewateristurnedthroughanangleshallbetakenas2
minusingthedataorinusingTable30orTable31.
2.WhereheavygradesteelasperIS1239(Part1)isused,flowrateshallbetakenas100l/minforcolumnB.

2.WhereheavygradesteelasperIS1239(Part1)isused,flowrateshallbetakenas100l/minforcolumnB.

12.4.3ModerateHazard
12.4.3.1Rangepipeandterminaldistributionpipesizes

ThesizeofthenominalboresshallbeasshowninTable21.
Table21RangePipeNominalSizesforVariousPipeLayoutsinModerateHazardInstallations

RangePipeLayout
(1)

PipeNominalBore
(mm)
(2)

a) Rangesatremoteendofeachdistribution

MaximumNumberofSprinklerstobeFedbyPipe
ofSizeListed
(3)

pipespur:

1) Lasttworangesintwoendsidelayout

25

32

2) Lastthreerangesinthreeendside

25

layout

32

3) Lastrangeinallotherlayouts

25

32

40

50

b) Allotherranges

25

32

40

50

12.4.3.2

Asinglesprinklershallbefedbypipeofnotlessthan25mmnominalbore.
12.4.3.3

Thereshallbenotmorethansixsprinklersonanyrange,includingapexrangewheretheranges
rununderarooflongitudinally,slopingatananglethatisgreaterthan6.
12.4.3.4Distributionpipe(exceptterminalpipe)

Themaindistributionanddistributionpipes(includingallrisersanddrops)betweenthehighest
33

designpointandtheinstallationvalveshallbesizedbyhydrauliccalculationbasedonTable22.
Themaximumfrictionlossshallnotexceed0.5barsataflowrateof1000l/min.Thedistributionpipes
downstreamthedesignpointshallcomplywithsizesstatedinTable23.Thelayoutoftheinstallation
shall,byandlarge,beinthesamefashionasshowninFig.21(particularlyforlargeinstallations)to
enablehydraulicbalance.

Table22PressureLossPerUnitLengthforDesignFlowRatesinModerateHazardInstallation
PipeNominalBore[IS1239(Part1),Medium]
(mm)
(1)

PressureLossPerUnitLength
(mbar/m)
(2)

65

35

80

16

100

4.4

150

0.65

200

0.16

NOTES
1.Theequivalentlengthofanelbow,bendorteewherethewateristurnedthroughanangleshallbetakenas3
mwhenusingthedataorinusingTable30orTable31.
2.WhereheavygradesteelasperIS1239(Part1)isused,flowrateshallbetakenas10001/mtn.

Precalculateddistributionpipenominalboresdownstreamofthedesignpointshallcomplywith
Table23.
Table23DistributionPipeNominalSizesinModerateHazardInstallationsandMaximum
NumberofSprinklersDownstreamofDesignPoint
(Clause12.4.3.4)
PipeLayout
(1)

DistributionPipeNominalSize
(mm)
(2)

MaximumNumberofSprinklerstobeFedbyPipeListed
Below
(3)

a) Twoendside

32

40

50

65

16

b) Allother

32

types

40

50

65

181)

1)Thisdoesnotprecludetheuseof65mmnominalborepipebetweenthe16/18sprinklerpointandthe

installationvalvesifhydraulicallyfoundinorder.
12.4.3.5

Thefeedpipeforalltheotherdesignpoints(exceptthehighestdesignpoint)shallbesimilarly
sizedbyhydrauliccalculation.Incaseoffrictionlossinanypartofthefeedpipenotcommonwiththat
feedingthehighestdesignpoint,allowancecanbegiventothestaticpressuregaininthesuccessivelevels
belowthetopmostlevel.Thenominalsizeofthedistributionpipeshallhowevernotbelessthanthe
minimumsizespecifiedinTable23fortherangepipefedfromthedesignpoint.
12.4.3.6Designpoint

Thedesignpointshallbe16sprinklerpointfortwoendsidesprinklerrangepipeandthe18
sprinklerpointforallotherlayouts(seeFig.21).

12.4.4HighHazard
12.4.4.1Rangepipeandterminaldistributionpipesizes

RangepipesandnominalboresshallbeasgiveninTable24orTable25dependingonthe
sprinklernominalsizeandthetableinwhichthewatersupplypressureflowcharacteristicisspecified
(i.e.Tables6,7,8or9).
Table24RangePipeNominalSizesforVariousPipeLayoutsforHighHazardInstallationswith
Sprinklersof15mmNominalBoreandPressureFlowCharacteristicsasGiveninTables6or7
RangePipeLayout(mm)
(1)

a) Rangesatremoteendofeachdistribution

PipeNominal
Size(mm)
(2)

MaximumNumberofSprinklerstobeFedby
PipeListed
(3)

pipespur:

1) Lasttworangesintwoendsidelayout

25

32

i) Lastthreerangesintwoendside

25

32

layout

ii) Lastrangeinallotherlayouts

25

32

40

b) Allotherranges

25

32

12.4.4.2

Norangepipeshallconnecttoadistributionpipeexceeding150mmnominalbore.
12.4.4.3

Precalculateddistributionpipenominalboresdownstreamofthedesignpointshallbeasgivenin
Table26orTable27dependinguponthesprinklerheadnominalsizeandthetableinwhichthewater
supplypressureflowcharacteristicisspecified(i.e.,Tables6,7,8or9).
12.4.4.4Distributionpipeupstreamofthedesignpoint

Themaindistributionanddistributionpipesbetweeneachsprinklerdesignpointandthe
installationvalveshallbesizedbyhydrauliccalculationusingthepipefrictionlossperunitlengthgivenin
Table28fortheflowspecifiedin9.2.3.2.
34

Table25RangePipeNominalSizesforVariousPipesLayoutsforHighHazard
InstallationswithSprinklersof15mmNominalBoreandPressureFlowCharacteristics
asGiveninTable8orof20mmNominalSizeandPressureFlowCharacteristicsasGiven
inTable9
(Clause12.4.4.1)
RangePipeLayout

PipeNominal

MaximumNumberofSprinklerstobeFedby

RangePipeLayout
(1)

a) Endsidearrangements

PipeNominal
Size(mm)
(2)

40

50

65

32

40

50

65

1) Lastthreeranges

MaximumNumberofSprinklerstobeFedby
PipeListed

(3)

2) Otherranges

b) Endcentrearrangements

1) Twoendcentrelayout

2) Threeandfourendcentrelayouts,all

i)

ii)

Lastthreeranges

Otherranges

ranges

32

40

32

21)

32

40

50

1)32mmfeedtoeach.

Table26DistributionPipeNominalSizesforVariousNumbersofSprinklersDownstream
oftheDesignPointinHighHazardInstallationswithSprinklersof15mmNominalBore
andPressureFlowCharacteristicsasGiveninTable6
(Clause12.4.4.3)
DistributionPipeNominalPSizeListed(mm)
(1)

MaximumNumberofSprinklerstobeFedbythePipeofSize
(2)

32

40

50

65

12

80

18

100

481)

1)Thisdoesnotprecludetheuseof100mmnominalsizepipebetweenthedesignpointandtheinstallationvalve

ifitispossiblebyhydrauliccalculationrequirements(12.4.4.4).

Table27DistributionPipeNominalSizesforFeedingVariousNumbersofSprinklers
DownstreamoftheDesignPointintheHighHazardInstallationswithSprinklersof15
mmNominalSizeandPressureFlowCharacteristicsasGiveninTables7or8or
Sprinklersof20mmNominalSizeandPressureFlowCharacteristicsasGiveninTable9
(Clause12.4.4.3)

RangePipeLayout
(1)

DistributionPipeNominalSize(nm)
(2)

MaximumNumberofSprinklerstobeFedbyPipeListed
(3)

Fourendsidelayout

65

Allotherlayouts

50

65

80

12

100

16

150

481)

1)Thisdoesnotprecludetheuseof100mmnominalsizepipebetweenthedesignpointandtheinstallationvalve

ifitispossiblebyhydrauliccalculationrequirements.

Table28PressureLossPerUnitLengthofPipeforDesignFlowRatesinHighHazard
Installations
(Clause12.4.4.4)
Flow
Rate
l/min

PressureLossPerUnitLength(inmBar/m)

100mmNominalSize
NominalSizeMedium
GradePipe[IS1239(Part
1)]

150mmNominalSize
NominalSizeMedium
GradePipe[IS1239(Part
1)]

200mmNominalSize
NominalSizeMedium
GradePipe[IS1239(Part
1)]

250mmNominalSize
NominalSizeMedium
GradePipe[IS1239(Part
1)]

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

2800

34

5.1

1.3

0.43

4550

72

11.0

2.7

0.90

5600

115

16.0

4.1

1.40

6750

160

23.0

5.8

1.85

9000

250

36.0

9.1

3.00

NOTES
1.Whereothergradesofpipesareused,pressurelossdatashouldaccordinglybechanged.
2.Theequivalentlengthofanelbow,bendorteewherethewateristurnedthroughanangleshouldbetakenas
3mwhenusingthedataorinusingTables30or31.

12.4.4.5Designpoint

Thedesignpointshallbethe48sprinklerpointorifappropriateasspecifiedin9.2.3.2,9.2.3.3
or12.4.1.3(seeFig.23,24,25)
12.4.4.6

Thehighestsprinklershallbeeitherdownstreamofasprinklerdesignpointorinanarraywithits
ownterminatingdistributionspur.
12.4.4.7

Thelayoutofthesprinklerinstallationshall,byandlarge,conformtothemethodsshowninFig.

22,23,24.
35

Fig.21DesignPointsInAnOHInstallation
12.4.4.8

Thepressurelossinthedistributionpipetoanyparticularsectionoftheinstallationvalve,shallbe
adjustedtothatneededtomatchthewatersupplycharacteristicbyeither
a.suitablysizingthedistributionpipespurfeedingtheparticularsectionwhenthedistributionpipe
nominalsizeshallnotbelessthanthatofthefirstlength,sizedbythepipetables,ofdistribution
pipedownstreamofthedesignpointtowhichitisconnected,or
b.fittinganorificeplatecomplyingwith12.2intheparticulardistributionpipe(seeFig.23,24,25).

12.5IntermediateLevelInRackSprinklers
12.5.1
Wheremorethan50intermediatelevelsprinklersareinstalledintheracks,roofand/orceiling
sprinklersintheconcernedareaalongwiththeintermediatelevelsprinklersshallbeinstalledwitha
separateinstallationcontrolvalveset.

12.5.2
Forhydrauliccalculationpurpose,itshallbeassumedthatminimumofthreesprinklersare
operatingsimultaneouslyoneachleveluptoamaximumofthreelevelsatthehydraulicallyremote
position.Theminimumoperatingpressureinanysprinklershallnotbelessthan2bars.
12.5.3
Inracksprinklersinassociationwiththeceilingsprinklersshallalwaysbefullycalculatedforthe
purposeofhydraulics.
12.5.4
Areascoveredbyindividualsprinklersinlargearraysforstandardlayoutandstaggeredlayoutare
showninFig.26.
12.5.5
Sprinklersnotconstitutingafullrangeorrangepairshallbegroupedascloseaspossibletothe
distributionpipeonthenextupstreamrangerowtotherectangulararea(seeFig.27).
36

Fig.22DesignPointsinHighHazardInstallationwithPipeworkSizedfromTables32and33

13MISCELLANEOUSDESIGNPARAMETERS

13MISCELLANEOUSDESIGNPARAMETERS
13.1HydraulicCalculationandPipeSizing
13.1.1
Pipesizeandlayoutshallbebasedoneither:
a.fullhydrauliccalculationinwhichcasethebasichydraulicperformanceshallbeasspecifiedin8,
i.e.,underDesigndensityandAMAO.
Notwithstandingthedensityrequirementsasstatedinthissection,norooforceilingsprinklersina
fullyhydraulicallydesignedsystemshalldischargeatapressurelessthantherequiredasshownin
Table29.
b.precalculatedinstallation(notincludingintermediatesprinklers),thepipesizingtableswith
hydrauliccalculationofportionsofthefeedpipeworkasspecifiedin12.4.2or12.4.3or12.4.4
accordingtotheclassofhazard.
c.Anyextensiontoaprecalculatedinstallationshallnotbefullyhydraulicallycalculated.
Table29MinimumSprinklerDischargePressureatAnySprinklerinFullyHydraulically
CalculatedInstallations
(Clause13.1.1)
HazardClass
(1)

MinimumPressureatAnyDischargingSprinkler(bar)
(2)

Light

0.70

Moderate

0.35

High

0.50

Inracksprinklers

2.00

13.2CalculationofPipeworkLosses
13.2.1
Thestaticpressuredifferencebetweentwointerconnectingpointsinasystemshallbecalculated
from:
Staticpressuredifference()=0.1h(bar),
whereh=verticaldistancebetweenthepointsinmetres.
37

Fig.23DesignPointsinHighHazardInstallationwithPipeworkSizedfromTables32and34
13.2.2PipeFrictionLoss
FrictionalpressurelossinpipesshallbecalculatedfromtheHazenWilliamsformulaasunder:

where
p

lossofpressurepermetrelengthofpipe(bar)

flowratethroughthepipe(inl/min)

meanboreofthepipe(inm)

aconstantforthetypeandconditionofpipe

equivalentlengthofpipeandfittings(inm)

ThefollowingvaluesshallbeusedforCinsprinklerinstallationsforcalculationpurpose:

Castiron

100

Mildsteel

120

Galvanizedsteel

120

13.2.3FittingsandValveFrictionalLosses
Frictionallossesinvalvesandfittingswherethedirectionofwaterflowischangedthrough45or
moreshouldbecalculatedbytheformulastatedin13.2.2aboveusingtheappropriateequivalentlength
giveninTable30.
13.2.4
Theeffectofvelocityheadcanbeignoredforthepurposeofhydrauliccalculation.
13.2.5
Thesizeofrangepipeshallnotbelessthan25mmandalsotheminimumpressureshallnotbe
lowerthanthosespecifiedin13.1.1.

13.3MaximumFlowDemandCalculationforaFullyHydraulicallyCalculated
Installation
38

Fig.24DesignPointsinaHighHazardInstallationwithPipeworkSizedfromTables34and35

13.3.1
ThedatumpointforpressuresandheightsshallnotbedownstreamfromthecontrolvalveC
gauge.
13.3.2
Atanypressure(P),theflowdemand(Q)oftheinstallationshallberegardedasthesumof:
a.theflowtotheceilingorroofsprinklerswiththeAMAOinthehydraulicallymostfavourable
locationplus
b.theflowtoanynonrackintermediatesprinklersassociatedwith(a)plus
c.thesimultaneoushydraulicallybalancedflowtoanyrackorshelfsprinklersintheirspecified
numberandhydraulicallymostfavourablelocation.
13.3.3
Thepressureflowdemandcharacteristicsoftheinstallationshallbedeterminedeither:
a.bycalculation(asstatedin13.3.2)ofsufficientvaluesofQtodeterminetheinterceptofthe
installationcharacteristicsofthecurvewiththewatersupplycharacteristiccurveor
b.bycalculation(asstatedin13.3.2)ofasinglevalueofQfromtheequation:
P=Po+0.1(h)(Q/Qo)20.1(h),
where
P

= pressureatflowQmeasuredatthedatumpointinbar.

Po = pressurecorrespondingtothecalculatedinstallationflowdemandmeasuredatthedatum
pointinbar.
Q = flowdemandatpressurePinl/min.
Qo = calculatedinstallationflowdemandinl/minforpressurePo.
h

= heightofthehighestsprinklerintheAMAOunderconsiderationabovethedatumpointinm.

Byextrapolatingthepressureflowdemandgraphtointersectthewatersupplypressureflow
characteristic,QMaxcanbedetermined.
13.3.4
Themaximumflowdemand(QMax)shallberegardedasthepointofintersectionofthepressure
39

Fig.25AreaCoveredbyIndividualSprinklersWhereLessThanFourSprinklersareinOpen
Communication
flowdemandcharacteristicoftheinstallationandthecharacteristicofthepumpeitheratlow
waterlevelorwhenthereservoirisfullwhicheverishigher(seeFig.28).
Table30EquivalentLengthofFittingsandValves
(Clause13.2.3)
Fittings&Valves

EquivalentLengthofMediumGradeSteelPipe(inm)AccordingtoIS1239(Part1)(C=
120)forDiameterinmmEqualto

50

65

80

100

150

200

250

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

Screwedelbow90

1.46

1.89

2.37

3.04

4.30

5.67

7.42

Weldedelbow90

0.69

0.88

1.10

1.43

2.00

2.64

3.35

Screwedelbow45

0.76

1.02

1.27

1.61

2.30

3.05

3.89

Allotherfittings

2.91

3.81

4.75

6.10

8.61

11.34

13.85

Gatevalve

0.38

0.51

0.63

0.81

1.13

1.50

1.97

AlarmvalveNR.valve

3.94

5.07

7.17

9.40

12.30

AlarmvalveNR.valve

119.71

5.36

35.88

47.27

61.85

Butterflyvalve

2.19

2.86

3.55

4.56

6.38

8.62

9.90

Globevalve

6.43

21.64

126.80

34.48

48.79

64.29

84.11

(mushroom)

NOTES
1.Theequivalentlengthscanbeconvertedasnecessaryforpipesofcastironbymultiplyingtheabovevalues
by0.714.
2.Theequivalentlengthforsizessmallerthan50mmareprovidedinTable31.

Table31EquivalentLengthofFittingsandValves

(Clause13.3.2)
Fittings
(1)

EquivalentLength(inm)ofMediumGradeSteelPipe(inm)AccordingtoIS1239(Part1)(C=120)for
DiameterinmmEqualto:
(2)

Screwedelbow

(3)

(4)

25

32

40

0.771)

1.04

1.22

0.36 1)

0.49

0.56

0.401)

0.55

0.66

1.54

2.13

2.44

90
Weldedelbow
90
Screwedelbow
45
Allother
fittings
1)Itisrecommendedtoavoid,asfaraspossible,25mmsizedelbowsintheinstallation.

13.3.5
Atthemaximumflowdemand,thepressureatthedatumpointshallnotbelessthanPo,i.e.,
pressurecorrespondingtothecalculatedinstallationflowdemandmeasuredatthedatumpointinbar.

13.4MaximumPressureDemandCalculationforaFullyHydraulically
CalculatedInstallation
Thecalculationshallbeasfollows:
Pressureflowcalculationshallbemadefortheminimumallowabledensityfromthemostremote
groupoffoursprinklersintheAMAOhydraulicallymostremotefromtheinstallationvalves(see9.1,
9.2,9.3and13.5.4).Wheretherearebothrooforceilingsprinklersandintermediatesprinklers,the
truehydraulicallymostunfavourablelocationsofeachinstallationshouldbetakentogether,irrespective
oftheiractuallocationsinthebuilding.Theresultcanbe
40

Fig.26AreaCoveredbyIndividualSprinklers(LargeArrays)
extrapolatedontothewatersupplypressureflowcharacteristicscurveofthepumpasstatedin
13.3.4.Thewatersupplypressureatthepointofintersectionofthecurvesshallnotbelessthanthat
givenbytheminimumdensitycalculation.

13.5HydraulicBalanceCalculations
13.5.1BalancingAcrossJunctions
Hydrauliccalculationsforeachpipejunctionwhereflowsjoinorseparateforeachpositionofthe
AMAOorforeachgroupofintermediatesprinklersassumedtobeinoperationshallbesufficiently
accuratethat:
a.thecalculatedflowrate(s)intothejunctionarewithin2litresperminuteofthecalculatedflow
rate(s)outofthejunction

b.allvaluesofthepressurecalculatedforthejunctionarewithin0.005barofthemeanvalue.
13.5.2OverallBalancingoftheInstallation
ForeachpositionoftheAMAOthesumofthecalculatedsprinklerdischargevaluesofall
sprinklersdischargingsimultaneously(usingthecalculatednozzlepressureineachcasetoestablishthe
outlet
41

Fig.27AreasofOperationinDifferentLayouts

42

Fig.28TypicalPumpDataSheet
flow)shallbewithin1%ofthehydraulicallycalculatedtotalflowintotheinstallation.

13.6DesignofOrificePlates
13.6.1
Tables32and33maybeusedtodesignthesizeoftheorificeplateaccordingtothesystem
requirementsforachievinghydraulicbalance.
Table32OrificePlatesforMediumGradePipesasperIS1239forSizes50mmand65
mm
(Clauses13.6.1and13.6.3)
PressureLossPro(Bar)

DiameterofOrificePipeSizes

OrificeKFactor

50mm

65mm

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

2.50

25.90

316

2.25

26.50

333

2.00

27.10

354

1.75

27.90

378

1.50

28.80

408

1.25

29.60

447

1.00

30.90

500

0.90

31.50

527

0.80

32.20

34.50

559

0.70

32.80

35.30

598

0.60

33.70

36.30

645

0.50

34.70

37.60

707

0.40

35.90

39.30

791

0.30

37.50

41.20

913

0.20

39.70

44.20

1118

0.10

42.70

49.10

1581

0.05

53.60

2236

13.6.2
TheorificediameterformediumgradepipesconformingtoIS1239(Part1)ofsizes50mmto200
mmfordiscretevaluesofnetpressurelossProforastandardflowrateof500l/minareprovidedin
Table34and5000l/mininTable35.
13.6.3
ToselectanorificeplatewhichwillproduceanetpressurelossofPrxbarwitharateofQxin
l/min,thevalueofProcanbecalculatedfromtheformulaasbelow:
Pro

Px(5000/Qx)2whenusingTable32

Pro

Px(5000/Qx)2whenusingTable33

asappropriate,andrefertotheappropriatecolumnforthecorrectorificediameter,interpolating
asnecessary.

14COMPONENTSOFSPRINKLERSYSTEM
14.1General
14.1.1
Thevarioustypesofvalvesusedintheinstallationareasunder:
a.Stopvalves
b.Testvalves
c.Drainvalves
d.Flushingvalves
e.Checkvalves
f.Installationvalves
g.Preactionvalves
h.Subsidiaryvalves
14.1.2
Allvalvesinthesprinklerinstallationshallberighthanded(i.e.,thehandwheelorkeyshouldbe
rotatedclockwisetoclosethevalve)thedirectionofopeningandclosingshallbemarkedandan
open/shutindicatorfitted.
43

Table33OrificePlatesforMediumGradePipesasperIS1239forPipeSizes80mm,100
mm,150mmand200mm

(Clause13.6.3)
PressureLossPro(Bar)

DiameterofOrificePipeSizes

OrificeKFactor

80mm

100mm

150mm

200mm

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

35.00

41.90

845

30.00

43.00

913

25.00

44.80

1000

20.00

46.40

1118

15.00

48.90

56.20

1291

10.00

52.30

57.60

1581

9.00

53.20

59.00

1667

8.00

54.10

60.40

1768

7.00

55.30

62.00

1890

6.00

56.60

63.90

2041

5.00

58.20

66.50

2236

4.00

59.80

69.70

2500

3.00

62.00

74.20

82.30

2887

2.00

65.00

81.10

95.80

3536

1.00

82.20

97.10

105.70

5000

0.90

83.30

99.30

108.10

5270

0.80

84.40

101.70

111.10

5590

0.70

85.70

104.00

113.90

5976

0.60

87.00

106.80

117.70

6455

0.50

110.10

122.20

7071

0.40

115.10

129.10

7906

0.30

120.60

137.70

9129

0.20

152.60

11180

0.10

165.80

15810

NOTEThepressurelossproducedbytheorificeplateisthenetlossacrosstheorifice,notthepressuredifference
oftheflange.TheKfactorshouldbemarkedontheplate.

14.1.3
Butterflyvalves,ifused,shallbeofthegearoperatedtypeforsizesmorethan150mm.
14.1.4
Valveswhichinterlockwhenclosedshallbepositionedinaconspicuousplacewherethekeyis
obtrusivewhenthevalveisclosed.

14.2MainStopValves
14.2.1

One,andonlyone,mainstopvalveshallbefittedimmediatelydownstreamofthemainalarmvalve
ofastandardsprinklerinstallation.
14.2.2
Themainstopvalve(s)shouldbeatafirebrigadeaccesslevelandreadilyaccessiblewhen
respondingtoafirealarm.
14.2.3
Wheretheworkingpressureoftheinstallationismorethan7kg/cm2,CastironvalveswithPN1.6
ratingshallbeprovided.However,Caststeelvalvesofclass150shallsufficeforinstallationunderall
pressureconditions.

14.3TestValvesandCocks
14.3.1AlarmandPumpStartTestValves
Testvalves(15mmnominalsize)shallbeprovided,asappropriate,totest:
a.thehydraulicalarmoranyelectricalarmpressureswitchifprovided,bydrawingwaterfromthe
downstreamsideofawetalarmvalve,andanydownstreammainstopvalve(s)
b.anywaterflowalarmswitchinstalleddownstreamofthemaininstallationvalveset.Thetestvalve
shallbeconnecteddownstreamofthewaterflowalarm
c.anautomaticstartingdeviceonapumpand
d.anypumphousesprinkleralarmflowswitchinstalledupstreamoftheinstallationcontrolvalve.
Thetestvalveshouldbeinstalledclosetothealarmvalve,flowswitchorpumpstarteras
appropriate.
14.3.2TestCocks
Atestcockshouldbefittedasfollows:
a.onsuctionpumpsupplies,upstreamofthepumpoutletstopvalveandthecheckvalve
b.Immediatelyupstreamofthecheckvalveonawatersupplyfeedpipeortrunksubjecttoany
requirementsoftheinflowwaterauthority.

14.4DrainValves
Drainvalvessizedasbelowshallbefittedtoallowdrainagefrom:
a.Immediatelydownstreamoftheinstallationalarmvalveor,iffitted,itsdownstreamstopvalveand
44

b.Immediatelydownstreamofanysubsidiarystopvalveand
c.Anypipeotherthandroppipestosinglesprinklersinawetinstallationwhichcannotbedrained
throughanotherdrainvalve.
Thevalvesshallbefittedatthelowerendofpermanentpipework.Theoutletshallbenotmore
than3mabovethefloorandshallbefittedwithabrassplug.

Lighthazard

40mm

Moderatehazard

50mm

Highhazard

50mm

14.5FlushingValves
Whereasprinklerpumpdrawswaterfromanonpotablesourcesuchasacanal,river,lake,etc,
flushingvalvesshallbefittedatthespurendsoftheinstallationdistributionpipes.
Thevalvesandanyassociateddrainpipeworkshallbeofthesamenominalsizeasthedistribution
pipetowhichtheyareattached.Eachvalveoutletshallbefittedwithabrassplugcap.
14.5.1CheckValves
Checkvalvesshallbeprovidedwheremorethanonewatersupplyisavailableandthesamefitted
oneachwatersupplypipetotrunkmain.
Atestcockshallbefittedupstreamofthecheckvalveanddownstreamofthewatersupplymain
stopvalve,exceptinthecaseofapumpsupplywhereitshallbeupstreamofthepumpdeliverycheck
valveandoftheoutletstopvalve.

14.6SubsidiaryStopValves
Subsidiarystopvalves,whichshallbeofthesamenominalsizeasthepipeinwhichtheyarefitted,
shallbeprovidedonlytocontrolthewatersupplytothefollowing:
a.Anysprinklerssuppliedfromupstreamofaninstallationmaincontrolvalveset.
b.Sprinklersunderhoodsoverthedryendsofpapermakingmachineswhereitisnecessarytoturn
offthesprinklerstoenablemachinecylinderstobechanged.Thevalveshallbesecuredopen.
c.Sprinklersprotectingacomputerarea.Thestopvalveshallbeelectricallymonitoredorofthetype
whichinterlockswhenclosed,andinalternateinstallationsshallbeascrewdowndiaphragmvalve.

14.7InstallationandAlarmValves
14.7.1
Asprinklerinstallationshallbefittedwithasuitablemaininstallationvalvetocontrolthewater
supplytotheinstallation.Thevalvesetcompriseof:
a.amainstopvalve,
b.analarmvalve,and
c.awatermotoralarmandgong(seeFig.29).

Fig.29SprinklerInstallationValveAssembly
14.7.2
Themaininstallationalarmvalve(s)shallbefittedimmediatelydownstreamofthemainstopvalve.
14.7.3
Analarmvalvecontrollingthewatersupplytoeitherahightemperatureareaortoanareawhere
freezingtemperaturesmayoccureithershallbeofatypewithoutawatersealorpositionedatsucha
distancefromtheprotectedareathatthewatersealisnotaffectedbythehightemperatureorfreezing.
14.7.4
Themainstopvalveshallbeplacedinthevicinityofthemainentranceoftheriskprotectedatan
easilyaccessibleplace.Thevalveshallbesecuredopenbyapadlockedorrivettedstrapandprotected
againstimpactdamage.
14.7.5
Aplanoftheriskwiththepositionofmainstopvalvesshallbeplacedinaconspicuouslocation.A
locationplateshallbefixednearthevalvesbearingthefollowingwordsinraisedletters:
SPRINKLER
STOPVALVE

45

14.7.6AlarmValve
14.7.6.1

Alarmvalvesshallbefittedonthemainsupplypipeimmediatelyabovethemaincontrolvalveand
beforeanyconnectionistakenofftosupplyanypartoftheinstallation.
14.7.6.2

Inbuildingscontainingmorethanoneinstallation,eachalarmvalvemusthaveanumberindicated
thereonandtherelevantalarmgongshallbearthesamenumberinboldfigures.
14.7.6.3

Asfaraspossible,oneriskshallbeprotectedbyonealarmvalveonly.Wheretheriskisquitelarge
andhastobefedbymorethanonevalve,theareasfedbythealarmvalvesshouldbeplannedand
suitablydemarcated.Detailsofthedivisionofthesprinklerloadwiththedemarcatedareasshallbe
exhibitednearthealarmvalves.
14.7.6.4

Theprovisionofonealarmvalvefordifferentblocksinonecompoundisnotnormallypermissible.

14.8MultipleControls
Multiplecontrolsinstalledtocontrolopensprinklersoropendrenchersortooperateapressure
switchshallbeacceptableinspecificcases.

14.9AlarmsandAlarmDevices
14.9.1
Eachinstallationmaincontrolvalvesetshallbeprovidedwithawatermotoralarmsuitablefor
sprinklerservicelocatedascloseaspossibletothealarmvalve.
14.9.2
Thewatermotorshallbeinstalledwithitsgongontheoutsideofanexteriorwallandwithits
centrelinenothigherthan6mabovethepointofconnectiontothealarmvalve.Astrainer,readily
accessibleforcleaning,shallbefittedbetweenthemotornozzleandthealarmvalveconnection.The
wateroutletshallbepositionedsothatanyflowofwatercanbeseen.
14.9.3
Thepipeworktothewatermotorshouldbegalvanized,mediumgradecomplyingwithIS1239
(Part1).Theequivalentlengthofpipebetweenthealarmvalveandthewatermotorshallbenotmore
than25massuminganequivalentlengthof3mforeachchangeofdirection.Thenominalsizeshallbe
notlessthan:
a.14mmforequivalentlengthslessthanorequalto6mand

b.20mmforequivalentlengthsgreaterthan6m.
14.9.4
Thepipeshallbefittedwithastopvalvelocatedwithinthepremisesandshouldbeprovidedwitha
permanentdrainthroughanorificenotlargerthan3mmdiameter.Theorificeplacemaybeintegral
withthepipefitting,andshallbeofeitherstainlesssteeloranonferrousmaterial.
14.9.5
Anydevicetoreducethefrequencyoffalseorintermittentalarmsfittedtotheinstallationshallbe
suitableforsprinklerservice.

14.10PressureGauges
14.10.1GeneralSpecification
a.PressuregaugesfittedintheinstallationsshallcomplywithIS3624.
b.Thescalesubdivisionshallnotexceed:
1.0.2barforamaximumscalevalueuptoandincluding10bar
2.0.5barforamaximumscalevalueofmorethan10bar,uptoandincluding16bar
3.1.0barforamaximumscalevaluemorethan16bar.
14.10.2ApplicationofPressureGauges
14.10.2.1Installationcontrolvalves

MaincontrolvalvesetsApressuregaugeshallbefittedateachofthefollowingpoints:
a.Immediatelydownstreamofthealarmvalve(designatedtheCgauge)and
b.Immediatelyupstreamofthemaincontrolstopvalve(designatedtheBgauge).
14.10.2.2Watersupplyconnections

PumpsupplyEachpumpsupplyshallbefittedwithadampedpressuregaugeonthesupplypipe
immediatelydownstreamoftheoutletcheckvalveandupstreamofanyoutletstopvalve.
14.10.2.3Removal

Meansshallbeprovidedtoenableeachpressuregaugetoberemovedreadilywithoutinterruption
ofthewaterorairsupplytotheinstallation.

14.11
Anyotherprovisionslikefirebrigadesignallingfromthealarmvalves,Advancewarning,etc,
proposedtobeincorporatedintheinstallation.

15SPRINKLERSGENERALREQUIREMENTS

15.1General
15.1.1
Sprinklersandmultiplecontrolsinstalledinthesprinklersystemsshallbesuitableforthefire
protectionservice.
15.1.2
Sprinklersshallnotbereconditionedorrepaired.Usedand/ordefectivesprinklersshallbe
replacedbynewones.However,themultiplecontrolsystemsmayberepairedorreconditionedbut
pressuretestingshallbecarriedoutbeforecommissioningsuchinstallations.
46

15.1.3
Sprinklersandmultiplecontrolsshallnotbepaintedexceptfortheidentificationpurposes.They
shallnotbealteredinanyrespectnorhaveanytypeofornamentationorcoating.

15.2SprinklerTypesandApplications
15.2.1
Sprinklersshallbeofthefollowingtypes:
a.Conventionalpattern
b.Spraypattern
c.Ceilingorflushpattern
d.Concealedpatternand
e.Sidewallpattern.
TheselectionofsprinklersshallconformtoTable34.
Table34SprinklerTypesandSizesforVariousHazardClasses
(Clause15.2.1)
HazardClass

PatternofSprinkler

SprinklerSizeNominalOrificeLessThan

(1)

(2)

(3)

Lighthazard

Spray,ceilingorflushand/orsidewalltypes

10mm

Moderatehazard

Anytypefromtheabove

15mm

Highhazard

Conventionalorspraypatternonly

15or20mmasthecasemaybe

15.2.2
Conventionaltypeofsprinklersaredesignedtoproduceasphericaltypeofdischargewitha
proportionofwaterbeingthrownupwardstheceiling.Theseareusuallybuiltwithauniversaltype
deflectorenablingthesprinklerstobeinstalledeitheruprightorpendent.Itisalsopossibletodesignate
themforuprightorpendentforcertainapplications.Thesesprinklerscanalmostbeusedforanytypeof
application(seeFig.30).

15.2.3
Spraypatterntypesprinklersaredesignedtoproduceahemisphericaldischargeandnowateris
directedtowardstheceiling.Thesearebuiltbothways,i.e.,uprightorpendent.Theseshallnotbeusedin
highhazard,highpiledstoragerisksandalsoincaseofmoderate/highhazardclassriskswherethereis
exposedstructuralsteelworkorwheretherooforceilingoritssupportingstructureisofcombustible
material(seeFig.30).
15.2.4
Ceilingorflushandconcealedtypeofsprinklersaredesignedforusewiththeconcealedpipework
andareinstalledpendentwithplateorbaseflushtotheceilingwiththeheatsensitiveelementbelowthe
ceilingline.Theseshallbeinstalledonlyinlightormoderatehazardrisksandnotforthehighhazard
class.Commonapplicationsarehotels,boardrooms,officesretailstores,etc,wheretheaesthetic
appearanceisofvalue.Thedeflectorsarenormallyfixedhowever,retractedtypeofdeflectorsmayalsobe
used.
15.2.5
Sidewalltypesprinklersaredesignedtoproduceadownwardparaboloidaldischargeandthe
specialdeflectorfittedtothesprinklercausesmostofthewatertobedischargedontheopposingwall
andfloorwithalittleofwaterdischargingonthewallbehindthesprinkler.Theseshallnotbeinstalledin
highhazardapplicationsorabovesuspendedceilings.Thesearenotsubstitutesforstandardsprinklers
butmaybeusedonlyinoffices,hotels,halls,lobbies,corridors,conveyorhousings,etc(seeFig.30).
15.2.6
Multiplecontrolssystemconsistsofheatsensitivesealedvalvecontrolledoutletsusingsprinklers
oranyotherheatdetectingdeviceassensingelements.Multiplecontrolisusedwhenagroupofopen
sprinklersorsprayershavetooperatesimultaneouslyonasingledetectionaccordingtothedesired
circumstances.

15.3SprinklerSizeandKFactor
Sprinklersshallhaveanominalorificesizesof10mm,15mmor20mmasshowninTable35.K
factorofthesprinklershallbeasperthefollowingequation:

where
K

KFactor,

flowthroughthesprinklerorificein1/min,and

pressureattheentrypointofthesprinkler(bar).

Table35SprinklersNominalThreads,OrificeSizesandKFactors
(Clause15.3)
NominalOrificeSize(mm)

NominalThreadSize(mm)

MeanValueofKFactor

LimitingValuesofKFactors

DrySprinklers

Min

Max

Others
Min

Max

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

10

10

57

52

62

54

60

15

15

80

74

86

76

84

20

20

115

106

124

109

121

47

Fig.30TypeofSprinklers
ThedesiredKfactorsforthesprinklersareshowninTable35.

15.4TemperatureRatingandColourCoding
SprinklersshallhaveoneofthetemperatureratingsgiveninTable36orTable37andshallbe
correspondinglycolourcoded.

Table36FusibleLinkType

(Clause15.4)
TemperatureRatingC

ColourofYokeArms

(1)

(2)

68/74

Natural

93/100

White

141

Blue

182

Yellow

227

Red

48

Table37GlassBulbType
(Clause15.4)
TemperatureRatingC

ColourofBulbLiquid

(1)

(2)

57

Orange

68

Red

79

Yellow

93

Green

141

Blue

182

Mauve

204/260

Black

15.5SelectionofTemperatureRating
15.5.1General
15.5.1.1

Thetemperatureratingofasprinklershouldnotbelessthan30Cgreaterthanthehighest
anticipatedtemperatureofthelocationoftheinstallation.Iftheprocessconditionsinariskcallsfor
continuousairconditioningroundtheclockthroughouttheyear.
15.5.1.2

Inhighhazardinstallationsprotectinghighpiledstoragewithintermediatesprinklers,theroofor
ceilingsprinklersshouldhaveatemperatureratingof141C.
NOTEThesprinklersatthetopoftheracksshouldbegovernedasper15.5.1.1.
15.5.1.3

UnderglazedrooforwherethereareroofsheetsofPVCorsimilarplasticmaterial,thesprinkler
ratingshallbeeither79Cto100C,or141Cforhighpiledstorage.
15.5.1.4

Thetemperatureratingoftherooforceilingsprinklerswithin3moftheplanareaofthe
boundaryofeitheranovenorahotprocessventilatinghood,fittedwithsprinklersshallbethesameas
theovenorhoodsprinklers,or141C,whicheverislower.

15.6ProtectiontotheSprinklers
15.6.1
Anysprinkler,otherthanceilingorflushsprinkler,installedinapositionatriskofaccidental
damageshallbefilledwithametalguardsuitableforsprinklerservice.Itisparticularlyimportantfor
intermediatesprinklersinstorageracks.
15.6.2
Sprinklersinstalledinarackorunderaperforatedshelf,platformandthelike,wherewaterfrom
highersprinklersincludingroof/ceilingsprinklersmaycausewettingincloseproximitytothebulbor
fusibleelementshallbefittedwithmetalwatershieldsofnominaldiameter80mm.Theshieldshallnot
bedirectlyattachedtoanuprightsprinklerdeflectororyokeassembly.Suchshieldshallformlittleorno
obstructionsthesprinklerspraypattern.
15.6.3
Sprinklerrosettesshallbeprovidedfortheconcealedsprinklerswhichshouldbeofmetalor
thermoplasticplasticsandshallbesuitableforthesprinklerservice.Nopartoftherosetteshallbeusedto
supportceilingsorotherstructuresandshallprojectfromtheceilingbelowthetopofthevisibleportion
oftheheatsensitiveelement.
15.6.4
Sprinklersandmultiplecontrolsinstalledinareaswherecorrosivevapoursareprevalentshallhave
corrosionresistantcoatingssuitabletosprinklerservice.Frequentcoatingwithgoodqualitypetroleum
jellyisrecommended.Thecoatingshallhowevernotbeappliedonthefusiblelinksorthebodyofthe
glassbulb.

15.7SpareSprinklerstobeKeptinStock
15.7.1
Astockofsparesprinklersshallbemaintainedinthepremisessothatpromptreplacementis
possibleaftertheoperation/damageofsprinklerheads.Thesparesshallbekeptinaneasilyaccessible
locationunderconditionswherethetemperaturedoesnotexceed38C.
15.7.2
Thefollowingguidelinesshallbefollowedinrespectofstockingsparesprinklerheads:
HazardClass

InallStateCapitalsandwithin100kmthereof

OtherPlaces

Lighthazard

6sprinklersofeachtype

25

Moderatehazard

24sprinklersofeachtype

50

Highhazard

36sprinklersofeachtype

100

Whentherearemorethanoneinstallationwithinarisk,theabovequantityshallalsobeincreased
inproportion.Eachtypeofsprinklerusedintheinstallationsuchasconventionalorsprayor
ceiling/flushorsidewallsprinklersandappropriatetemperaturesshallbestockedaspertheabove
requirements.
15.7.3
Spannersforthesprinklersshallalsobekeptalongwiththesparesprinklersinreadiness.
15.7.4DrainageArrangement
Itshallbepossibletodrainthewaterfromtheentireinstallationthroughtheinstallationcontrol
valvebyopeningthedraincock.Normally,itisnotpermissibletoprovideseparatearrangementsfor
drainingthewaterfromdifferentareasorpockets.However,incaseofsprinklersbelowthefalseceilings,
belowtheobstructionslikeductsandalsoforintermediatesprinklers,itshouldbepossibletodrainthe
waterfromtimetotimethroughseparatearrangements.Incaseofareas,wheresprinklersareinstalled
belowtheleveloftheinstallationcontrolvalve,itisnecessarytoprovidedraincocksforallsuch
sprinklersasdeemednecessary.
49

16SELECTIONOFINSTALLATION,TYPEANDTHEIRSIZE
16.1
Asprinklerinstallationshouldbebasedonanyoneofthefollowingtypes:
a.Wetpipeinstallation,
b.Preactiontypeinstallation,
c.Recyclinginstallation,and
d.Delugeinstallation.
NOTEOthertypesofinstallationslikealternatewetanddrypipeordrypipemayalso
beused.

16.2WetPipeInstallation
16.2.1
Awetpipesystemisastandardtypesprinklersystempermanentlychargedwithwaterunder
pressurebothaboveandbelowtheinstallationalarmvalve.Theabovesystemshallbeonlyinstalled
wherethereisnodangeratanytimeofthewaterinthepipesfreezing.
16.2.2SizeoftheInstallation
Thenumberofsprinklersinaninstallationbutnotincludingthesprinklersintheconcealedspaces
andinsidemachines,etc,shallnotexceedthefollowing:
a)

Lighthazard:

500perinstallation

b)

Moderatehazard:

1000perinstallation

c)

Highhazard:

1000perinstallation

16.3PreactionInstallation
16.3.1
Apreactionsystemisasprinklersysteminstalledonlytopreventaprematuredischargeofwater
frompipeworkorsprinklersthathavesufferedmechanicaldamage.Thepipeworkshouldnormallybe
chargedwithairunderpressureandmonitoredtogiveawarningindicationonreductionoftheair
pressure.Completelossofairresultsintheopeningofpreactionvalveandthusallowingwaterintothe
pipework.Thesystematthisstagebecomesawetpipeinstallationvalve.Thesystemprovidesapreaction
timefortheuserstosavetheirvaluableequipmentlikeEDPandcomputerinstallation,antiques,
museums,etc,wherewaterdamageduetothesprinkleroperationiscolossal.Thesesystemsneed
additionaldetectioninstallationsfortriggeringthepreactionvalves.

16.4RecyclingInstallation
16.4.1
Recyclinginstallationsshallbeusedonlywherethesearenecessaryforthefollowingreasons:
a.Torestrictwaterdamageafterextinguishment
b.Toavoidclosureofthemaininstallationvalveifmodificationsaremadetothepipeworkorif
sprinklerheadsaretobereplaced
c.Topreventaccidentalwaterdamageduetobreakageofpipework/sprinklers
Thesearesimilartothepreactiontypeinstallationsexceptfortheadditionalbuiltinfeaturesfor
automaticcontrolofthewaterbytimers.

16.5SizeoftheInstallation
Thenumberofsprinklersinaninstallation(preactionandrecycling)butnotincludingthe
sprinklersintheconcealedspacesandinsidemachines,etc,shallnotexceedthefollowing:
a)

Lighthazard:

500perinstallation

b)

Moderatehazard:

1000perinstallation

c)

Highhazard:

1000perinstallation

16.6DelugeInstallations
Delugeinstallationsshallbeinstalledwhereitisnecessarytoapplywateroveranentireareain
whichafiremayoriginate.

16.7MultijetSprinklerSystem
Underextraneouscircumstances,theabovetypeofsystemscanbeconsidered.Forexample,the
abovesystemmaybeconsideredforinstallationwithinductswhichpassthroughtheperfectpartywallsif
provisionofdampersonbothsidesoftheperfectpartywallisimpracticable.Theabovesystemshall
consistofmainsprinklerthatshouldoperateagroupofopensprinklersinsidetheductonbothsidesof

thewall.Themainsprinklershallbeinstalledpreferablyinthecentreofthewallwithintheduct.The
opensprinklersareexpectedtoprovidewatercurtainswithintheductsonbothsidestoprevent
propagationofthefirethroughtheductsintheabsenceofdampers.

16.8DetectorSprinklers
Inlocationswhereelectricalinstallationsaretobeprotected,sprinklersinsuchlocationsmayact
onlyasdetectorsandsoundtheinstallationalarmwithoutdischargeofwater.Thewaterfromthe
sprinklerpipesmaybesuitablyarrangedtobebypassedoutsidetheriskuponoperationofsprinklers.

16.9OtherTypeofSprinklers
WhereothertypesofsprinklersareusedforspecialapplicationssuchasFastresponsesprinklers,
Earlyresponsequicksuppressionsprinklers,largeorificesprinklers,Recyclingsprinklers,etc,are
proposedtobeusedinthesystem.

17MAINTENANCEOFTHESPRINKLERINSTALLATION
17.1GeneralArrangements
Theusershallcarryoutaprogrammeofinspectionandchecks,arrangeatest,serviceand
maintenancescheduleandkeepappropriaterecordsincludingalogbookwhichshallbeproducedon
demand.
50

17.2PrecautionsandProceduresWhenSystemisnotOperational
17.2.1
Maintenance,alterationsandrepairofsystemsnotfullyoperationalshallbecarriedoutinaway
thatwillminimizethetimeandextentofnonoperability.
17.2.2
Whenaninstallationisrenderedinoperative,theusershallimplementcompensatorymeasures.
ThesemeasuresincludeshuttingofFiredoorsandshutters,alertnessofthesecurityandsafetystaff,
reinforcementoffirstaidappliances,etc.
17.2.3
Asmuchaspossibleoftheinstallationshallberetainedinanoperativeconditionbyblankingoff
pipeworkfeedingtheinoperativepartorpartswhereworkistakingplace.
17.2.4
Incaseofmanufacturingrisks,wheretherepairsandalterationsareextensive,oritisnecessaryto
disconnectapipeexceeding40mmnominaldiameter,ortooverhaulortoremoveamainstopvalve,
alarmvalveorcheckvalve,everyeffortshallbemadetocarryouttheworkwhenthemachineryis
stopped.
17.2.5

Anypumpoutofcommissionshallbeisolatedbymeansofthevalvesprovided.

17.3PlannedShutDown
17.3.1
Authoritiesshallbekeptinformedbeforeshuttingoftheinstallationforanyreasonwhatsoever.
17.3.2
Aroundthroughtheriskshallbeundertakenbeforeapartortotalshutdowntoensurethatthere
isnoindicationoffire.
17.3.3
Theheadsofallthedepartmentsorblocksshallbenotifiedinwritingthattheinstallationshall
remaininoperativeandtheyshallexerciseabundantcautionduringtheperiod.

17.4UnplannedShutDown
Whentheinstallationisrenderedinoperativeasamatterofurgencyorbyaccident,themeasures
statedaboveforplannedshutdownshallbeimplementedwithleastpossibledelay.

17.5ActionFollowingSprinklerOperation
17.5.1
Followingtheoperationofsprinkler(s),theoperatedheadsshallberemovedandreplacedwith
appropriatesprinklerheadsandwatersupplyshallberestored.
17.5.2
Thesprinklersinthevicinityoftheoperatedsprinklersshallbecheckedfordamagebyheatorany
othercauseandreplacedifnecessary.
17.5.3
Thesprinklerpumpshallnotbeshutoffuntiltheextinguishmentofthefire.Thestartingofthe
pumpshallbeautomaticandthestoppingofthepumpafteranextinguishmentshallbemanual.

17.6PeriodicalTestingandMaintenance
17.6.1General
17.6.1.1

Sprinklersystemsrequirecompetentandeffectivecareandmaintenancetoassurethattheywill
performtheirpurposeeffectivelyatthetimeoffire.Systemsshallbeservicedandtestedperiodicallyby
personneltrainedinthiswork.Aninspectioncontractwithaqualifiedagencyforservice,test,and
operationatregularintervalsisrecommended.

17.6.1.2

Operatingandmaintenanceinstructionsandlayoutshallbeavailableorcanbepostedatcontrol
roomand/oratthefirestationoftheplant.Selectedplantpersonnelshallbetrainedandassignedthe
taskofoperatingandmaintainingtheequipment.
17.6.1.3

Atweekly,orotherfrequent,regularscheduledplantinspection,equipmentshallbechecked
visuallyforobviousdefectssuchasbrokenormissingparts,externalloadingorotherevidenceof
impairedprotection.
17.6.1.4

Atleastonceaweekthesystemshallbevisuallycheckedandthereadingofvariouspressuregauges
ofeachInstallationvalveshallberecorded.
17.6.1.5

Atrainedpumpmanshallbeavailableonallshiftsandatallhourstooperatethepumpor
wheneverrequired.
17.6.2FireWaterReservoirs/Tank
17.6.2.1

Itshallbeensuredthatfirewatertankreservoirsarealwaysfullandfreefromanyforeign
materials.Thewaterlevelshallberecordedweekly.
17.6.2.2

Dependinguponqualityofwater,reservoirsshallbecleanedonceinayearortwoyearsandsludge
formationshallbeprevented.
17.6.3FirePumps
17.6.3.1

Allthefirepumpsshallberunatleast5minuteseveryday.Duringtestingwaterlevelofpriming
tank,deliverypressuresofpumps,speedandalsootherparametersaretobecheckedandrecorded.
17.6.3.2

Allpumpglandsshallbemaintainedingoodworkingconditionsandcheckedweekly.
17.6.3.3

Thebearinggreasecapsshallbecheckedonceeveryweekandrefilledwithfreshgrease,if
necessary.

17.6.3.4

Startercontactsshallbecleanedeveryweek.
17.6.3.5

Insulationresistanceofpumpmotorsshallbeexaminedonceineverysixmonthsandrecordshall
bemaintained.
17.6.3.6

Startingmechanismofdieselenginemustbechecked,thebatterychargerandalsothebatteries
51

mustbemaintainedineffectiveconditionsandtheengineshallberunatleastfor5minutesevery
day.
17.6.4SprinklerSystemInstallation
17.6.4.1

Allpipingshallbeexaminedatintervalstodetermineitsconditions.Frequencyofinspectionswill
bedependentuponlocalconditionsandshallbeexaminedonceinayear.
17.6.4.2

AlltheInstallationvalvesandsprinklerinstallationandassociatedequipmentshallbeservicedand
testedannuallybyqualifiedpersonnel.
17.6.4.3

Dischargetestofsprinklersshallbecarriedoutatleastonceinsixmonths.Aftereachoperation,
sprinklersshallberemovedandcleaned,unlessobservationsunderflowconditionsindicatethisisnot
necessary.
17.6.4.4

Manualcheckingdevicesshallbeoperatedatleasttwiceannually.
17.6.4.5

Whennormallyopenedvalvesareclosedfollowingthesystemoperationortest,suitable
proceduresshallbeinstitutedtoensurethattheyarereopenedandthatthesystemispromptlyrestored
tofullnormaloperatingcondition.
17.6.4.6

Allsprinklersshallbeinspectedforproperpositioningortest,externalloadingandcorrosionand
cleanedifnecessary,basedonexperiencebutatleastonceinsixmonths.

17.6.4.7

Theentiresystemshallbeflushedatleastonceayear.
17.6.4.8

Itisimportanttoensurethatthesprinklerbulbsarekeptfreefrompaintordust(otherwiseitmay
notfunctioncorrectly)andthatthebulbsareaccessibleandclearlyidentifiedformaintenancepurposes.
17.6.4.9

Alltheequipmentpertainingtothesprinklersystemshallbepaintedatleastonceintwoyears.
17.6.5InstallationValveandAlarmGongAssembly
17.6.5.1

Thepressuregaugereadingsaboveandbelowthevalvesshallbemonitoredeverydayat
commencementofthefirstshift.
17.6.5.2

Thetimetakenfortheoperationofalarmgongafteropeningthedrainvalvesshallbemonitored
everyweekandcorrectiveactionstakenincaseofmalfunctionofalarmgong.
17.6.5.3

Thealarmgongassemblyshallbecheckedthoroughlyonceinthreemonths.
PeriodicmaintenancechartandsummarysheetsforthehydrauliccalculationareshowninTable
38:
Table38PeriodicalTestingandMaintenanceChart
(Clause17.6.5.3)
SINo.

i) Reservoir
ii) Pump

iii) Engine

iv) Motor

Subject

Activities

Duration

Levelchecking

Weekly

Cleaning

Onceintwoyears

Runningtest

Daily5minutes

Testflow

Annually

Lubrication

Quarterly

Glandpacking

Weekly

Overhaul

Onceintwoyears

Running

5minalldays

Lubrication

Quarterly

Battery

Statusweekly

Loadtest

Annually

Overhaul

Oncein2years

Fueltankcheck

Daily

Lubrication

Weekly

v) Mainpiping
vi) Sluicevalves

vii) Installation
valves

viii) Sprinklers
ix) Detectorelement
x) Sprinklerinstallation

Startercontactchecking

Weekly

Insulationresistance

Halfyearly

Flushing

Oncein2years

Gaugepressure

Checkdaily

Operation

Monthly

Glandpacking

Monthly

Lubrication

Quarterly

Operation

Weekly

Alarmcheck

Weekly

Overhaul

Annually

Cleaning

Quarterly

Cleaning

Quarterly

Flowtest

Quarterly

Performance

Sixmonthly

Performance

Quarterly

Physicalcheckupofpipingfor

Monthly

seeingdislocationofsupport,wrong
orientation,overloading,etc
xi) Pressuregauges
xii) Paintingofinstallation
52

Calibration

Annually

Everytwoyears

18PIPINGSYSTEM
18.1InstallationPipework
18.1.1
Allinstallationpipeworkshallbepressuretestedinaccordancewith10.1.6.
NOTEInwatersensitiveareas,itisadvisabletotestthepipespneumaticallybefore
carryingoutanyhydraulictesting.
18.1.2
Thecoatingandwrappingoftheundergroundwroughtormildsteelpipesshallbecarriedoutand
alsosubjectedtoHallidaytestsasperIS10221.

18.2InitialTestingtoRegularTestingProcedures
Thesystemshallbetestedasspecifiedin17.6.2,17.6.3and17.6.4,i.e.,makingtheinitialtests
whichshallbecomeroutinetestslaterasapartofupkeepofthesystem.

18.3WaterSupplies
18.3.1
Theentirepipingsystemshallbethoroughlyflushedbeforecommissioninginordertoremove
foreignmaterialswhichmighthaveenteredorbepresentinthesystempipingduringthecourseof

installationorwhichmayhavebeenpresentinexistingpipingatmaximumflowrateavailabletothe
systemconsiderationshallbegiventothedisposalofwaterdischargedduringtheflushing.
18.3.2
Incaseoflargeinstallations(wherethenumberofsprinklersinasinglebuildingandthoseinthe
buildingscommunicatingtherewithexceed500),itisnecessarytoascertainthehydraulicbalanceto
checktheperformanceofthepumpwhenworkingatmostfavourableandunfavourablelocations.
Pressureattheoutletsoftheorificeplatesshallbemeasuredatalllocationstocheckthecorrectnessof
thesizeoforificeplatesselected.
18.3.3
Eachinstallationvalveshallbetestedseparately.Thepumpshallstartautomaticallyandthesupply
pressureattheappropriateflowrateshallnotbelessthantheappropriatevaluespecifiedin9.2and9.3
foralltypesofhazards.
18.3.4
Thedrainvalvesfittedabovetheinstallationvalveshallbeopenedandthetimetakenforthealarm
gongtooperatebenoted.Thereshallnotbeasignificantvariationinthetimingbetweenthe15mmand
50mmdrainvalvesfittedabovetheinstallationvalvetodrainthewaterfromtheinstallation.

18.4PumpOutput
Arunningpressuretestshallbecarriedoutatthedeliveryofthepumpatfullloadconditions
(QMax).ThepressureobtainedinthetestcanbeusedtocorrectthepressureavailableattheCgaugeof
theinstallationvalve.

18.5AutoStartofDieselPumps
Whencommissioningtheinstallationtheautomaticstartingsystemofthedieselenginedriven
pumpsetshallbeactivatedwiththefuelsupplyisolatedforsixcycleseachofnotlessthan15seconds
crankingandatnotmorethan15secondsrest.Aftercompletionofsixstartingcyclesthefailtostart
alarmshalloperate.Thefuelsupplyshallthenberestoredandthepumpsetshallstartwhenthemanual
startbuttonisoperated.

18.6InstallationValves
18.6.1
Allthevalvesshallbephysicallycheckedforproperinstallationandleakageifany.Thereadingof
thepressuregaugesshallbecheckedtoseewhethertheymatchafterafewdraintests.
18.6.2
Theproperfunctionsofthealarmgongassociatedwiththeinstallationvalveanditslevelof
audibilityshallbechecked.Anaudibilitylevelof85dBabovethebackgroundnoiselevelisrequired.
53

ANNEXA
LISTOFREFERREDINDIANSTANDARDS

LISTOFREFERREDINDIANSTANDARDS
(Clause2)
ISNo.

Title

5:1994

Coloursforreadymixedpaintsandenamels(fourthrevision)

732:1989

Codeofpracticeforelectricalwiringinstallations(thirdrevision)

962:1989

Codeofpracticeforarchitecturalandbuildingdrawings(secondrevision)

1239(Part1): Mildsteeltubes,tubularsandotherwroughtsteelfittings:Part1Mildsteeltubes(fifthrevision)
1990
1239(Part2): Mildsteeltubes,tubularsandotherwroughtsteelfittings:Part2Mildsteeltubularsandother
1992

wroughtsteelpipefittings(fourthrevision)

1536:1989

Centrifugallycast(spun)ironpressurepipesforwater,gasandsewage(thirdrevision)

1537:1976

Verticallycastironpressurepipesforwater,gasandsewage(firstrevision)

1538:1993

Castironfittingsforpressurepipesforwater,gasandsewage(thirdrevision)

1879:1987

Malleablecastironpipefittings(secondrevision)

1978:1982

Linepipe(secondrevision)

2552:1989

Steeldrums(galvanizedandungalvanized)(thirdrevision)

3589:1991

Seamlessorelectricallyweldedsteelpipesforwater,gasandsewage(168.3to2032mmoutside
diameter)(secondrevision)

3614(Part1): Firecheckdoors:Part1Platemetalcoveredandrollingtype
1966
3614(Part2) Metallicandnonmetallicfirecheckdoors:Part2Resistancetestandperformancecriteria
:1992

54

3624:1987

Pressureandvacuumgauges(secondrevision)

3809:1979

Fireresistancetestforstructures(firstrevision)

7181:1986

Horizontallycastirondoubleflangedpipesforwater,gasandsewage(firstrevision)

10221:1982

Codeofpracticeforcoatingandwrappingofundergroundmildsteelpipelines

ANNEXB
COMMITTEECOMPOSITION
(Foreword)
FireFightingSectionalCommittee,CED22
Organization

Representative

FireAdvisor,MinistryofHomeAffairs,NewDelhi

ShriOmPrakash(Chairman)

AvonServicesPvtLtd,Mumbai

ManagingDirector

TechnicalExecutive(Alternate)

BhabhaAtomicResearchCentre,Mumbai

ChiefFireOfficer

BombayFireBrigade,Mumbai

ChiefFireOfficer

DyChiefFireOfficer(Alternate)

CentralBuildingResearchInstitute(CSIR),Roorkee

DrT.P.Sharma

DrA.K.Gupta(Alternate)

CentralIndustrialSecurityForce,NewDelhi

ShriR.C.Sharma

ShriS.L.Nagarkar(Alternate)

CentralPublicWorksDepartment,NewDelhi

ChiefEngineer(E)

ChiefFireOfficer,StateBankofIndia,Mumbai

Shrij.S.Gahlaut

ConcordAraiPvtLtd,Chennai

ShriR.Ramakrishnan

ControllerofQualityAssurance,Pune

Shrij.D.Kale

LtColS.C.Agarwal(Alternate)

DefenceResearch&DevelopmentOrganization,Delhi

Director

DyDirector(Alternate)

DelhiFireService,Delhi

ShriS.K.Dheri

ShriSurinderKumar(Alternate)

DirectorateGeneralofSupplies&Disposals,NewDelhi

ShriM.Gangaraju

ShriV.K.Verma(Alternate)

EngineerinChiefsBranch,NewDelhi

ShriS.K.Kalia

ShriM.K.Bansal(Alternate)

EurekaFiretechPvtLtd,Mumbai

ShriS.M.Desai

ShriE.S.Desai(Alternate)

Fire&SafetyAppliancesCo,Kolkata

ShriS.N.Kundu

HomeDepartment(FireService),Chennai

Director

DeputyDirector(Alternate)

Home(PoliceDepartment),GovtofAndhraPradesh,Hyderabad

ShriSwaranjitSen

DeputyDirector(Alternate)

IndianRayon,Delhi

ShriS.K.Sureka

InstitutionofFire(India),Delhi

President

GeneralSecretary(Alternate)

KooverjiDevshi&Co(P)Ltd,Mumbai

ShriP.H.Sethna

ShriN.T.Panjwani(Alternate)

K.V.FireChemicals,Mumbai

ShriH.M.Sabadra

LossPreventionAssociationIndia,Mumbai

ManagingDirector

ShriD.K.Sarkar(Alternate)

MECON,Ranchi

ShriSunilDas

ShriR.N.Chachra(Alternate)

MinistryofHomeAffairs,NewDelhi

ShriD.K.Shami

MinistryofDefence,NewDelhi

ShriP.K.Chatterjee

ShriH.S.Kaparwan(Alternate)

NationalAirportAuthority,NewDelhi

DirectorofEquipment

DyDirector(Alternate)

Newageindustries,Gujarat

ShriB.J.Shah

ShriA.M.Shah(Alternate)

Oil&NaturalGasCommission,DehraDun

ShriR.P.Saxena

ShriNeerajSharma(Alternate)

OilIndustriesSafetyDirectorate,MinistryofPetroleum&NaturalGas ShriSanjeeviGanesanK.

55

ShriD.K.Varshney(Alternate)

RailwayBoard,Delhi

AssttSecurityCommissioner(Fire)

RealValueAppliances,Mumbai

ShriAshutoshMangal

SafexFireServices,Mumbai

ShriJitendraShah

SteelageIndustriesLtd,Chennai/Delhi

ShriShivNath

ShriV.Kamalanatha(Alternate)

SteelAuthorityofIndiaLtd,Rourkela

ShriB.N.Das

ShriB.P.Das(Alternate)

SteelAuthorityofIndiaLtd,Bokaro

ShriA.Rautelau

ShriC.P.Singh(Alternate)

SurexProduction&SalesPvtLtd,Kolkata

ShriTaritSur

ShriD.Neogi(Alternate)

TariffAdvisoryCommittee,Ahmadabad/Delhi

ShriJ.N.Vakil

ShriT.R.A.Krishnan(Alternate)

VijayFireProtectionSystemPvtLtd,Mumbai

ShriHarishSalot

WestBengalFireService,Kolkata

ShriB.Pathak

InPersonalCapacity

ShriG.B.Menon

(HouseNo.33/2965A,VennaluHighSchoolRoad,Cochin)
InPersonalCapacity

ShriP.N.Panchal

(B1/64,Sector16,Rohini,Delhi)
BISDirectorateGeneral

ShriS.K.Jain,Director(CivEngg)
[RepresentingDirectorGeneral,(Exofficio)

MemberSecretary
ShriS.Chaturvedi
JointDirector(CivEngg),BIS
56

(Continuedfromsecondcover)
beoverlookedorgiveninsufficientattentionbysupervisors.Itis,however,neglectedatperiltothe
livesoftheoccupantsofthepremisesandalsoattheriskofcripplingfinancialstatusoftheowners.The
importanceofpropermaintenancecannotbetoohighlyemphasized.Whensprinklersystemsare
disabled,extraattentionsouldbepaidtofireprecautionsandtheappropriateauthoritiesinformed.This
hasbeendiscussedindetailinthiscode.
Thiscodehasbeendividedintoseveralsectionsandeachsectiondealselaboratelywithvarious
aspectsofthesprinklerprotectionsystem.Therequirementshavebeensupportedbyfiguresfor
illustrationandclarity.MainelementsofthesprinklerinstallationareshowninFig.1.Thecodeisvery
clearaboutwherethesystemisnotrequiredandwherethesystemscanbeexcluded.
Intheformulationofthisstandarddueweightagehasbeengiventointernationalcoordination
amongthestandardsandpracticesprevailingindifferentcountriesandconsiderableassistancehasbeen
derivedfromLPCandTACregulationswithsomeradicaldeparturesonareassuitabletoenvironmentin
India.
ThecompositionoftheCommitteeresponsiblefortheformulationofthisstandardisgivenin
AnnexB.
Forthepurposeofdecidingwhetheraparticularrequirementofthisstandardiscompliedwith,the

finalvalue,observedorcalculated,expressingtheresultofatest,shallberoundedoffinaccordancewith
IS2:1960Rulesforroundingoffnumericalvalues(revised).Thenumberofsignificantplacesretained
intheroundedoffvalueshouldbethesameasthatofthespecifiedvalueinthisstandard.
57

BureauofIndianStandards
BISisastatutoryinstitutionestablishedundertheBureauofIndianStandardsAct,1986to
promoteharmoniousdevelopmentoftheactivitiesofstandardization,markingandqualitycertificationof
goodsandattendingtoconnectedmattersinthecountry.
Copyright
BIShasthecopyrightofallitspublications.Nopartofthesepublicationsmaybereproducedin
anyformwithoutthepriorpermissioninwritingofBIS.Thisdoesnotprecludethefreeuse,inthe
courseofimplementingthestandard,ofnecessarydetails,suchassymbolsandsizes,typeorgrade
designations.EnquiriesrelatingtocopyrightbeaddressedtotheDirector(Publications),BIS.
ReviewofIndianStandards
Amendmentsareissuedtostandardsastheneedarisesonthebasisofcomments.Standardsare
alsoreviewedperiodicallyastandardalongwithamendmentsisreaffirmedwhensuchreviewindicates
thatnochangesareneededifthereviewindicatesthatchangesareneeded,itistakenupforrevision.
UsersofIndianStandardsshouldascertainthattheyareinpossessionofthelatestamendmentsor
editionbyreferringtothelatestissueofBISCatalogueandStandards:MonthlyAdditions.
ThisIndianStandardhasbeendevelopedfromDoc:No.CED22(4777).
AmendmentsIssuedSincePublication
AmendNo.

DateofIssue

TextAffected

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