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ENDOFPREAMBLE(NOTPARTOFTHESTANDARD)
(Reaffirmed2007)
IS15105:2002
IndianStandard
DESIGNANDINSTALLATIONOFFIXEDAUTOMATIC
SPRINKLERFIREEXTINGUISHINGSYSTEMSCODE
OFPRACTICE
ICS13.220.10
BIS2002
BUREAUOFINDIANSTANDARDS
MANAKBHAVAN,9BAHADURSHAHZAFARMARG
NEWDELHI110002
October2002
PriceGroup14
i
FireFightingSectionalCommittee,CED22
FOREWORD
ThisIndianStandardwasadoptedbytheBureauofIndianStandards,afterthedraftfinalizedby
theFireFightingSectionalCommitteehadbeenapprovedbytheCivilEngineeringDivisionCouncil.
Asprinklersystemconsistsofawatersupply(orsupplies)andoneormoresprinklerinstallations
eachinstallationconsistsofasetofinstallationcontrolvalvesandapipearrayfittedwithsprinklerheads.
Thesprinklerheadsarefittedatspecifiedlocationsattherooforceiling,andwherenecessarybetween
racks,belowshelves,insideovensorstovesorbelowobstructions.Themainelementsofatypical
installationisshowninFig.1.
Fig.1MainElementsofaSprinklerInstallation
Asprinklerhastwofunctionstoperform.Itmustfirstdetectafire,andmustthenprovidean
adequatedistributionofwatertocontrolorextinguishit.Eachfunctionisperformedseparatelyandone
isindependentoftheotherexceptinsofarasearlydetectionmakesextinctioneasierbecausethefirehas
notgrownlarge.Theclassicuseofthesprinklerisinthehotgaslayerwhichformsbeneaththeceilingof
anenclosureinwhichafireisdeveloping.
Thesprinklersoperateatpredeterminedtemperaturestodischargewaterovertheaffectedpartof
theareabelow,theflowofwaterthroughthealarmvalveinitiatingafirealarm.Theoperating
temperatureisgenerallyselectedtosuitambienttemperatureconditions.Onlysprinklersinthevicinityof
thefire,i.e.,thosewhichbecomesufficientlyheated,operate.Itshouldnotbeassumedthattheprovision
ofsprinklersystementirelyobviatestheneedforothermeansoffightingfiresanditisimportantto
considerthefireprecautionsinthepremisesasawhole.
Structuralfireresistance,escaperoutes,firealarmsystems,particularhazardsneedingotherfire
protectionmethods,provisionofhosereelsandfirehydrantsandportablefireextinguishers,etc,safe
workingandgoodhandlingmethods,managementsupervisionandgoodhousekeepingallneed
consideration.Itisessentialthatsprinklersystemsshouldbeproperlymaintainedtoensureoperation
whenrequired.Thisroutineisreliableto
(Continuedonthirdcover)
ii
IndianStandard
DESIGNANDINSTALLATIONOFFIXEDAUTOMATICSPRINKLERFIREEXTINGUISHING
SYSTEMSCODEOFPRACTICE
1SCOPE
Thisstandardlaysdowntherequirementsforthedesignandinstallationoffixedautomatic
sprinklerfireextinguishingsystem.
2REFERENCES
TheIndianStandardslistedinAnnexAcontainprovisionswhichthroughreferenceinthistext,
constituteprovisionsofthisstandard.Atthetimeofpublication,theeditionsindicatedwerevalid.All
standardsaresubjecttorevision,andpartiestoagreementsbasedonthisstandardareencouragedto
investigatethepossibilityofapplyingthemostrecenteditionsofthestandardsgiveninAnnexA.
3DEFINITIONS
Forthepurposeofthiscode,thefollowingdefinitionsshallapply.
3.1
AlarmTestValveAvalvethroughwhichwatermaybedrawntotesttheoperationofthewater
motorfirmalarmand/orofanyassociatedelectricfirealarm.
3.2
AlarmValveAcheckvalve,ofthewet,dryorcompositetype,thatalsoinitiatesthewater
motorfirealarmwhenthesprinklerinstallationoperates.
3.3
AlarmValve,PreactionAnalarmvalvesuitableforapreactioninstallation.
3.4
AlarmValve,RecyclingAnalarmvalvesuitableforarecyclinginstallation.
3.5
AlarmValve,WetAnalarmvalvesuitableforawetinstallation.
3.6
ArmPipeApipe,otherthanthelastsectionofarangepipe,feedingasinglesprinkler.
3.7
AssumedMaximumAreaofOperation,HydraulicallyMostFavourableLocation
ThelocationinasprinklerarrayofanAMAOofspecifiedshapeatwhichthewaterflowisthemaximum
foraspecificpressure.
3.8
AssumedMaximumAreaofOperation,HydraulicallyMostUnfavourableLocation
ThelocationinasprinklerarrayofanAMAOofspecifiedshapeatwhichthewatersupplypressureisthe
maximumneededtogivethespecifieddesigndensity.
3.9
CutOffSprinklerAsprinklerprotectingadoororwindowbetweentwoareasonlyoneof
whichisprotectedbythesprinkler.
3.10
DesignDensityTheminimumdensityofdischarge,inmm/minofwater,forwhichasprinkler
installationisdesigned,determinedfromthedischargeofaspecifiedgroupofsprinklers,inl/min,
dividedbytheareacovered,inm2.
3.11
DesignPointApointonadistributionpipeofaprecalculatedinstallation,downstreamof
whichpipeworkissizedfromtablesandupstreamofwhichpipeworkissizedbyhydrauliccalculation.
3.12
DistributionPipeApipefeedingeitherarangepipedirectlyorasinglesprinkleronanon
terminalrangepipemorethan300mmlong.
3.13
DistributionPipeSpurAdistributionpipefromamaindistributionpipe,toaterminal
branchedpipearray.
3.14
DrencherAsprayerusedtodistributewateroverasurfacetoprovideprotectionagainstfire
exposure.
3.15
DropAverticalpipefeedingadistributionorrangepipe.
3.16
EndSideArrayApipearraywithrangepipesononesideonlyofadistributionpipe(seeFig.2
and3).
3.17
EndCentreArrayApipewithrangepipesonbothsidesofadistributionpipe(seeFig.4and
5).
3.18
FastenerAdeviceforattachingpipehangercomponentstoabuildingstructureorracking.
3.19
FireDoorAdoorandframeofspecifiedfireresistanceconformingtoIS3614(Part1)andIS
3614(Part2).
3.20
FireResistanceTheabilityofacomponentortheconstructionofabuildingtosatisfyfora
stated
1
Fig.2TwoEndSideWithCentralFeed
Fig.3ThreeEndSidewithEndFeed
Fig.4TwoEndCentrewithEndFeed
periodoftimetheappropriatecriteriaspecifiedinIS3809.
3.21
FireShutterAshutterandframeofspecifiedfireresistancecomplyingwithIS3614with
respecttostabilityandintegrity.
3.22
FullyHydraulicallyCalculatedAtermappliedtopipeworksizedasspecifiedin4.5.2oran
installationinwhichallthepipeworkdownstreamofthemaininstallationcontrolvalvesetissized.
3.23
HangerAnassemblyforsuspendingpipeworkfromtheelementsofbuildingstructure.
3.24
HighRiseSystemAsprinklersysteminwhichthehighestsprinklerismorethan45mabove
thelowestsprinklerorthesprinklerpumpswhicheveristhelower.
3.25
HydraulicAlarm,IntermittentSoundingofahydraulicwatermotoralarmgongforintervals
totallinglessthanthealarmperiod.
Fig.5ThreeEndCentreWithCentreFeedEndFeed
2
3.26
InstallationSprinklerInstallationPartofasprinklersystemcomprisingasetofinstallation
maincontrolvalves,theassociateddownstreampipesandsprinklers.
3.27
Installation,PreactionAdryinstallationinwhichthealarmvalvecanbeopenedbyan
independentfiredetectionsystemintheprotectedarea.
3.28
Installation,RecyclingApreactioninstallationinwhichthealarmvalvecanbeopenedand
closedrepeatedlybyaheatdetectionsystem.
3.29
Installation,WetPipeAninstallationinwhichthepipeworkisalwayschargedwithwater.
3.30
JockeyPumpAsmallpumpusedtoreplenishminorwaterlosstoavoidstartinganautomatic
suctionorboosterpumpunnecessarily.
3.31
LowRiseSystemAsprinklersysteminwhichthehighestsprinklerisnotmorethan45m
abovegroundlevelorthesprinklerpumps.
3.32
MainDistributionPipeApipefeedingadistributionpipe.
3.33
NodeApointinpipeworkatwhichpressureandflow(s)arecalculatedeachnodeisadatum
pointforthepurposeofhydrauliccalculationsintheinstallation.
3.34
PrecalculatedAtermappliedtopipeworksizedasspecifiedin4.5.1oraninstallationinwhich
pipedownstreamofthedesignpointissized.
3.35
RangePipeApipefeedingsprinklerdirectlyorviaarmpipesofrestrictedlength.
3.36
RiserAverticalpipefeedingadistributionorrangepipe.
3.37
RosetteSprinklerRosetteAplatecoveringthegapbetweenshankorthebodyofasprinkler
projectingthroughasuspendedceiling,andtheceiling.
3.38
SectionThepart(whichmaybeoneormorezones)ofaninstallationonaparticularfloorfed
byaparticularriser.
3.39
SlingRodArodwithaslingeyeorscrewedendsforsupportingpipeclips,rings,bandhangers,
etc.
3.40
Sprinkler,CeilingorFlushPatternApendentsprinklerforfittingpartlyabovebutwiththe
temperaturesensitiveelementbelow,thelowerplaneoftheceiling.
3.41
SprinklerConcealedArecessedsprinklerwithacoverplatethatdisengageswhentheheatis
applied.
3.42
SprinklerConventionalPatternAsprinklerthatgivesasphericalpatternofwaterdischarge.
3.43
SprinklerGlassBulbAsprinklerwhichopenswhenaliquidfilledglassbulbbursts.
3.44
SprinklerHorizontalAsprinklerinwhichthenozzledirectsthewaterhorizontally.
3.45
SprinklerIntermediateAsprinklerinstalledbelow,andadditionaltotherooforceiling
sprinklers.
3.46
SprinklerPendentAsprinklerinwhichthenozzledirectswaterdownwards.
3.47
Sprinkler,RooforCeilingAsprinklerprotectingtherooforceiling.
3.48
SprinklerSideWallPatternAsprinklerthatgivesadownwardparaboloidpatterndischarge.
3.49
SprinklerSystemTheentiremeansofprovidingsprinklerprotectioninthepremises
comprisingoneormoresprinklerinstallation,thepipeworktotheinstallationsandthewater
supply/suppliesexcepttownmainsandbodiesofwatersuchaslakesorcanals.
3.50
SprinklerUprightAsprinklerinwhichthenozzledirectsthewaterupwards.
3.51
SprinklerYokeArmsThepartofthesprinklerthatretainstheheatsensitiveelementsinload
bearingcontactwiththesprinklerheadvalve.
3.52
StaggeredSprinklerLayoutAnoffsetlayoutwiththesprinklersdisplacedonehalfpitch
alongtherangepiperelativetothenextrangeorranges.
3.53
StandardSprinklerLayoutArectilinearlayoutwiththesprinkleralignedperpendicularto
therunoftheranges.
3.54
SuctionPumpAnautomaticpumpsupplyingwatertoasprinklersystemfromasuctiontank.
3.55
SuitableforSprinklerUseAtermappliedtoequipmentorcomponentacceptedbythe
authoritiesasfaraparticularapplicationinasprinklersystemeitherbyaparticularsystemorby
compliancewithspecifiedgeneralcriteria.
3.56
SupplyPipeApipeconnectingawatersupplytoatrunkmainortheinstallationmaincontrol
valveset(s)orapipesupplyingwatertoaprivatereservoir,suctiontankorgravitytank.
3.57
SuspendedOpenCellCeilingAceilingofregularopencellconstructionthroughwhichwater
fromsprinklercanbedischargedfreely.
3
3.58
TerminalMainConfigurationApipearraywithonlyonewatersupplyroutetoeachrange
pipe.
3.59
TerminalRangeConfigurationApipearraywithonlyonewatersupplyroutefroma
distributionpipe.
3.60
ToggleSupportAswiveldeviceforsecuringhangerstohollowsectionsceilingorroofs.
3.61
TrunkMainsApipeconnectiontotwoormorewatersupplypipestotheinstallationmain
controlvalveset(s).
3.62
UserThepersonresponsiblefororhavingeffectivecontroloverthefiresafetyprovisionadopted
inorappropriatetothepremisesorthebuilding.
4REQUIREMENTSREGARDINGLAYOUTPLANS
4.1
Layoutplansshouldbedrawnupinaccordancewiththefollowingrequirements.
4.1.1
Plansshouldbeclear,containallrequireddetailsincludingscaleandpointofcompassandshould
bedated.
4.1.2
Plansofnewinstallationshallshowtheentirecompoundallbuildingstherein,withtheirdoor
andwindowopenings,andtheboundarywalls.Buildingsunderconstructionandfutureextension
envisaged,shallbeindicatedbythedottedlines.Plansofextensionstoapprovedexistinginstallations
neednotshowtherestofthecompoundbutsufficientdetailsshallbegivenoftheexistinginstallationsin
correlationtotheextension,toenabletheAuthoritysInspectionstafftochecktheplansandoffer
comments.Incaseofstoreyedbuildings,drawingssubmittedshallincludeplansofeachstoreytogether
withsectionalelevations.
4.1.3Material
PlansshouldbeonwhitepaperorammoniapaperorFerroPrussiatepaper.
4.1.4
PlansshouldgenerallybepreparedinaccordancewithIS962,shallnotexceed8501200mmin
sizeandshouldbedrawntoascaleof1:500or1:1000.Inthecaseofverylargecompoundswithmore
thanonerisk,itisadvisabletosubmitseparateplansforeachriskwithakeyplanshowingtherelative
situationofthevariousrisks,etc,inthecompound.
4.2Signs
4.2.1
Puccawallstobeshownbydoublelines,doorsandwindowsbeingclearlymarked(seeFig.6).
Fig.6Window/Door(PuccaWall)
4.2.2
Ironorothernonmasonrywallstobeshownbyathinlineandnatureofconstructionindicated
(seeFig.7).
Fig.7G.I.Walls(NonMasonryWalls)
4.2.3
Firewalls,i.e.,perfectpartywallstobeindicatedbythesignTateachendofthewall,orhave
thelettersP.P.W.alongsideoracrossthematregularintervalsandmarkedindistinctivecolour(seeFig.
8).
Fig.8FireWalls
4.2.4
Fireproofdoorsand/orshutterstobemarkedasfollows:
SingleFireproofDoorand/orShutter
S.F.D.
DoubleFireproofDoorand/orShutter
D.F.D.
4.2.5
SkylightstobemarkedSkyLightsorS.L..
4.2.6
BoilertobeshownbyarectangularfiguremarkedBoiler.
BOILER
4.2.7
Sprinklermainstobeshownbyabluelinethediameter,lengthandnumberofpipesbeing
markedalongsideandspecialsandreducerstobeclearlyindicatedasbelow:
mmdia,lengthsofmetreeach(seeFig.9)
Fig.9SprinklerMains
4.2.8
Sprinklerpumpstobeclearlymarkedandthecapacityandheadtobeindicatedineachcase.
4.2.9
Pump(s)suctionpipingtobeshowndottedanddiametertobeindicated(seeFig.10).
4
Fig.10PumpSuctionPipe
4.2.10
Fireservicewatertanksandreservoirstobeshowntoscale(seeFig.11).
Fig.11FireServiceWaterTank(Reservoir)
4.2.11
Sprinklertrunkmainstobeshownbyablueline,thesizesbeingmarkedalongside:
_________________
mmDIA.spk.Main
4.2.12
Firealarmbellstobeshownbyablueline,thesizesbeingmarkedF.A.B..
4.2.13
SprinkleredblockstobemarkedS.
4.2.14
Electriccable(s)forthefirepump(s)tobeshowningreenline(s).
4.3InstallationLayoutDrawings
4.3.1General
Thescaleshallbenotlessthan1:100.Layoutdrawingshallincludethefollowinginformation:
a.Northpointindication
b.Theclassorclassesofinstallationaccordingtohazardclassincludingstockcategoryanddesign
storageheight
c.Constructionaldetailsoffloors,ceiling,roofsandexteriorwallsandwallsseparatingsprinklered
andnonsprinkleredareas
d.Sectionalelevationsofeachfloorofeachbuildingshowingthedistanceofsprinkleredfromceiling,
structuralfeatures,etc,whichaffectthesprinklerlayoutorthewaterdistributionfromthe
sprinklers
e.Thelocationandsizeofconcealedrooforceilingvoids,officesandotherenclosuressealedata
levellowerthantheroofofceilingproper
f.Indicationoftrunking,staging,platforms,machinery,fluorescentlightfittings,heaters,suspended
opencellceilings,etc,whichmayadverselyaffectthesprinklerdistribution
g.Thesprinklertypes(S)andtemperatureratings(s)
h.Thelocationandtypeofmaincontrolvalvesandlocationofalarmmotorsandgongs
i.Thelocationanddetailsofanywaterflowandairorwaterpressure,alarmswitches
j.Thelocationandsizeofanytailendairvalves,subsidiarystopvalvesanddrainvalves
k.Thedrainageslopeofthepipework
l.Thelocationandspecificationofanyorificeplate
m.Aschedulelistingthenumbersofsprinklers,mediumandhighvelocitysprayers,etc,andthearea
ofprotectionand
n.Akeytothesymbolsused.
4.3.2PrecalculatedPipework
Forprecalculatedpipeworkthefollowingdetailsshallbegivenon,orwith,thedrawings:
a.Identificationofthedesignpointsofeacharrayonthelayoutdrawing
b.Asummaryofthepressurelossesbetweenthecontrolvalveandthedesignpointsatthefollowing
designratesorflow:
1.Inalighthazardinstallation:225l/min,
2.Inamoderatehazardinstallation:1000l/min,and
3.Inahighhazardinstallationtheflowcorrespondingtotheappropriatedesigndensity.
NOTEforlightandmoderatehazardinstallationswithprecalculatedpipeworkthe
pressureneededatthedesignpointisnotstatedinsteadthefrictionlossinthepipework
betweenthecontrolvalveandthedesignpointsislimitedtoapredeterminedquantity,
incorporatedinthevaluespecifiedforpressureatthecontrolvalvesstaticheadisaddedto
thispressuretogivethevaluedefiningtheminimumactualwatersupplyrunningpressurea
typicalsummaryofpressurelossesisshowninTable1.
4.3.3HydraulicallyCalculatedPipework
Forhydraulicallycalculatedpipework,thefollowingshallbegiven,withdetailedcalculations,
eitheronpurposedesignedworksheetsorasacomputerprintout:
a.Foreachdesignareaofoperation:
1.theareaidentification
2.thehazardclass
3.thespecifieddensityofdischarge(inmm/min)
4.theassumedareaofmaximumoperation(AMAO)(inm2)
5.thenumberofsprinklersintheAMAO
6.thesprinklernominalorificesize(inmm)
7.themaximumareacoveredpersprinkler(inm2)
8.detailedanddimensionedworkingdrawingsshowingthefollowing:
i.thenodeorpipereferenceschemeusedtoidentifypipes,junctions,sprinklerheads
andfittingswhichneedhydraulicconsideration
ii.thepositionofthehydraulicallymostfavourableAMAO
iii.thepositionofthehydraulicallymostunfavourableAMAO
iv.thefoursprinklersuponwhichthedesigndensityisbasedand
v.theheightabovedatumofeachpointofidentifiedpressurevalue.
b.Foreachoperatingsprinkler:
1.thesprinklernodeorreferencenumber
2.thesprinklernominalKfactor
3.theflowthroughthesprinkler(inl/min)and
4.theinletpressuretothesprinklerorsprinklerassembly(inbar).
c.Foreachhydraulicallysignificantpipe:
1.thepipenodeorotherreference
2.thepipenominalbore(inmm)
3.thehazenwilliamsconstant(corKfactor)forthepipe
4.theflowthroughpipe(inl/min)
5.thenominalfluidvelocity(inm/sec)
6.thelengthofpipe(inm)
7.thenumbers,typesandequivalentlengthsoffittings
8.thestaticheadchangeinpipe(inm)
9.thepressuresatinletandoutletofpipeinbar
10.thefrictionlossinpipe(inbar)and
11.theindicationofflowdirection.
NOTEAlinediagramofthepipelayoutshallbepreparedshowingthefollowing:
1.thenodeorpipereferencenumbers
2.thedistributionpipes
3.therangepipes
4.thesprinklerheadsunderconsideration
5.thefourhydraulicallymostunfavourablyplacedheadsand
6.theflowthrough,andpressureattheendofeachhydraulicallysignificantpipe.
4.4WaterSupplyDrawings
Thedrawingsshallshowwatersuppliesandpipeworktherefromuptotheinstallationcontrol
valves.Thedrawingsshallbeonanindicatedscaleofnotlessthan1:100.Akeytothesymbolsshallbe
included.Thepositionandtypeofstopandcheckvalvesandanypressurereducingvalve,watermeter,
waterlock,orificeplateandanyconnectionsupplyingwaterforotherservicesshouldbeindicated.
4.5HydraulicCalculation
4.5.1PrecalculatedInstallations
Ahydrauliccalculation(withrelevantflowtests)shallshowthateachtrunkmaintogetherwith
anybranchmain,fromeachwatersupplytoamaininstallationcontrolvalvesetwatersupplytestand
drainvalveandcontrolvalveCgauge(i.e.,includingtheinstallationcontrolvalves)iscapableof
providingtherequiredpressureandflowattheinstallationcontrolvalvetestanddrainvalve.
4.5.2FullyHydraulicallyCalculatedInstallations
Wherethepipeworkisfullyhydraulicallycalculatedthefollowingadditionaldetailsshallbegiven:
a.amodifiedpressureflowcharacteristicgraphindicatingtheusablepressureatanyflowuptothe
maximuminstallationdemand,and
b.thedemandpressureflowcharacteristicgraphforeachinstallationforthehydraulicallymost
unfavourable(andifrequiredthemostfavourable)AMAOwithpressuretakenasatthecontrol
valveCpressuregauge.
5CLASSIFICATIONOFOCCUPANCIES
5.1
Asthewatersupply,pumpingcapacityandotherfeaturesofthesprinklerinstallationsdependsnot
onlyonthesizeoftherisk,butalsoonitsfiregrowthandspreadpotentialities,therisksaretobe
categorizedunderthefollowingclassesforthepurposeofdesignoftheinstallation:
a.Lighthazardclass,
b.Moderatehazardclass,
c.Highhazardclass,and
d.Storagehazards.
NOTEAbroadclassificationofvariousoccupanciesisgiveninNationalBuilding
Code(PartIV)FireProtection.
5.1.1LightHazardClass
Nonindustrialoccupancieswheretheareasofrooms,corridors,halls,etc,arenotmorethan125
m2andaboveareboundedbymasonry/orR.C.C.wallsraiseduptotheroofanddooropeningstherein
protectedbydoors.
Typicaloccupanciesareasfollows:
Hospitals
Hotels
Institutions
Libraries
Laundries
Museums
Nursinghomes
Officebuildings
Prisons
Schools,Colleges,etc.
NOTEIfanyoccupancyorblockwithinthelighthazardriskislargerthan125m2in
areaorhavinganarealessthan125m2inareabutnotboundonallsidesasstipulatedabove,
theriskshouldbeclassifiedasmoderatehazard.
6
Table1StatementofDistributionPipeLossesBetweentheVariousDesignPointsandthe
InstallationValues
(Clause4.3.2)
RunofDistribution
PipefromValuesto
Pipe
Pipe No.of EquivalentPipe
Size Length Turns LengthofTurns
Total
Equivalent
PipeLength
PressureLossatDesignFlowRate
(1)
(mm)
(2)
(m)
(3)
(4)
(m)
(5)
(m)
(6)
Pipe
Losses
(mBars)
(7)
Afloor3
65
3.5
35
122
80
111
100
49
55
240
Total
473
Bfloor3
StaticHead
Gain(ph)
(mBars)
(8)
Difference
(mBars)
(9)
+473
65
24.3
80
1.9
1.9
30
100
20
23
101
Total
374
Cfloor2
+374
65
10.5
10.5
365
80
16.9
16.9
268
100
28.3
34.3
150
Total
783
Dfloor2
65
8.8
80
100
16.3
8.8
+403
306
19.5
84
Total
390
Efloor1
380
380
+10
65
10.5
10.5
365
80
38.9
44.9
712
100
2.5
2.5
11
Ffloor1
Total
1088
760
+328
65
8.9
8.9
309
80
9.9
12.9
205
100
2.5
2.5
11
Total
525
760
235
NOTEThepressuredropcausedbyanyorificeplateinthedistributionpipeworkshouldbetakenintoaccountby
acorrespondingreductioninthestaticheadgain.
5.1.2ModerateHazard(ManufacturingOccupancies)
Abattoirs
Abrasivewheelandpowder
Aircraftfactories(excludinghangers)
Airportterminalbuildings
Bakeries
Biscuitfactories
Bookbinders,publishers
Breweries
Bootandshoeunits
Cables
Candle
Cardboardfactories
Carpentryandfurniture[notinvolvingfoam/foamplastics]
Carpets
Carparkingareaswithinbuildingorbasement
Cement
Ceramics
Chemicals
CinematographicandT.V.production/broadcastingstudios
Clothprocessors
Confectioneries
Dairies
Dehydratedvegetablefactories
Departmentalstores/Retailshops
Electronicequipmentandassembly
Engineeringworkshops
Fibreboardfactories
Flax,juteandhempmills
Flourmills
Foodandbeverages
7
Glassfactories
Hosieryandgarment
Jewellery
Laboratories
Motorgarages
Paintshops
Papermills
Photographicfilmfactories
Plywoodfactories
Printingpresses
Restaurantsandcafes
Ropefactories
Rubberandplastics(otherthanfoamplastics)
SoapfactoriesSugarmills
Syntheticfibres/yarnfactories
Tanneries
Textilemills
Timberandwoodworking(exceptsawmills)
Theatres
Tobaccofactories
Woodwool
Woollenmills
Vermicelli
Waxfactories
5.1.3HighHazard(ManufacturingOccupancies)
Aircrafthangers
Bitumenandwaxcoatedpaper
Celluloidgoods
Cellulosenitrate
Cigarettefilter
Distilleries
Duplicating/stencilpaperexplosives
Fireworks
Floorclothandlinoleum
Foamplasticsandfoamrubber
Hessiancloth/Tarfeltmatchfactories
Oilmills
Paint,colourandvarnishfactories
Resin,rosine,turpentineandlampblack
Rubbersubstitutesmakingunits
Sawmills
Surgicalcotton,mattressandpillowmakers
Tardistillationunits
Woodwoolmanufacturers
5.1.4StorageOccupancies
Storagerisks(stackedorhighpiled)arecategorisedunderfourclassesasperclassificationsbelow:
CATEGORYI
Carpets,Nonsynthetic/syntheticyarnandfabrics,Mechanicalandelectricalgoods(dominantly
metalparts)andhardwareitems,Glasswareandcrockery,fibreboards,groceries,metalgoods,Papers
otherthanthoselistedundercategories2and3below,Powderedandcannedfoods,Plastic/glassbottles
containingnonflammableliquids,etc.
CATEGORYII
Batteries,Baledcotton/syntheticfibres,Books,Baledcork,Baledwastepaper,Cartonscontaining
alcohols(incans/bottles),Cartonsofcannedlacquerswhichdrybysolventevaporation,Chipboard,
Cardboardrolls(horizontallystored),Cereals/Grains/Foodstuff/Flour/Sugarinsacks,Cellulose/Cellulose
pulp,ElectricalgoodsotherthanthosestatedinCategoryI,Flammableliquidsinnoncombustible
containers,Leathergoods,Palletisedliquorstocks,Plastics(nonfoamed,otherthancellulosenitrate),
Rolledpulpandpaperandasphaltedpaper(Horizontalstorage),Veneersheets,Woodenpatterns,
Metal/woodenfurnitureswithplasticseats,etc.
CATEGORYIII
Bitumen/Waxcoatedpaper,Candles,Carbonblack,Cardboardrolls(verticallystored),Charcoal,
Coal,cellulosenitrate,Foamedplasticandfoamrubberproducts,Flammableliquidsincombustible
containers,Linoleumproducts,Matches,PlasticsotherthanthosestatedinCategoryII,Rolledpulpand
paperandasphaltedpaper(verticalstorage),Rubbergoodsincludingtyresandtubes,Sawntimber,
Ventilatedwoodstacks,Waxedandasphaltcoatedpapersandcontainersincartons,Woodwool,wooden
palletsandflats(idle),Allmaterialshavingwrappingsorpreformedcontainersoffoamedplastics,etc.
CATEGORYIV
Offcutsandrandompiecesoffoamedplasticorfoamedrubberrollsofsheetsoffoamedplasticor
foamedrubber,Foammattress,Expandedpolystyrenepackaging,Foamupholstery,etc.
6PLANNING
6.1InitialConsiderations
6.1.1OutlineDesign
Considerationshouldbegiventoanybenefitsthatmightbegainedbychangesinbuildingdesign,
workprocedures,etc,whenpreparingtheoutlinedesign.Inplanningsitelayoutandbuildingdesign,
particularconsiderationshouldbegiventothefollowing:
a.theoccupancyhazardclassandgoodscategorywhichdeterminethewaterdischargedensityand
watersupplypressureandHow
b.thesitingofanymainwatersupplyconnection(s)
c.thesitingofanywatersupplytank(s)orreservoir
d.thesitingofanypumphouse
e.themaximumquantityofwateravailablefromthesupplysourcecomparedwiththesystem
requirements
f.thelocationofsprinklerinstallationcontrolvalves,togetherwiththeaccessthereto,indicationof
theirposition,andthedisposalofdrainageandwatersupplytestwater
g.thesourceandmeansofsupplyofelectricpower,etcand
h.theprotectionofvalvesets,pipeworkandsprinklersagainstaccidentaldamage.
6.1.2
Itisimportanttoconsiderbuildingdesigninthecontextoffireprotection,e.g.,choiceof
materials,supportofsprinklerpipeworkhavingregardtotheloadimposedonstructurebytheweightof
sprinklerpipeworkandthecontainedwater,needforinbuiltdrainage(whichisstronglyadvisedfor
computerareas)orraisingofbaseofstackedgoodsabovethefloorwherewaterdamagemaybesevere,
etc,whenstorageofgoodsisinvolveditmaybeappropriatetoconsidertheheightofthebuildingandof
materialstacks,andtheheightandtypeofanystoragerackwhichmayhaveaconsiderablebearingon
fireprotectioncosts.Thedesignofdoubleentrystorageracksmaybeinfluencedbytheneedtomount
sprinklerstherein.Wheresprinklersarefittedinracksadditionalrackstructuralmembersmaybeneeded
topreventimpactdamagetothesprinklerheadandpipework.
6.1.3InteractionwithOtherFireProtectionMeasures
Accountshouldbetakenofpossibleinteractionbetweensprinklersystemsandotherfire
protectionmeasures.Examplesofpossibleadverseinteractionsbetweensprinklerprotectionandother
fireprotectionmeasuresare:
a.waterdamagetoaninadequatelyshieldedfirealarmcontrolpanelinasprinklerprotectedarea
withconsequentpossiblefailureofthefirealarmsystem.
b.Operationorfailureofsmokedetectorsinzonesadjacenttooneinwhichwaterdischargeistaken
placebecauseofthewaterspraymisttravellingtoadjacentzones.
Suchpossibleinteractionsneedcarefulconsiderations.
6.2ExtentofSprinklerProtection
6.2.1BuildingtobeSprinklerProtected
Thesprinklersystemshouldprovideprotectiontoallpartsnotspecifiedasexceptions(6.2.2)in
oneofthefollowing:
a.thebuildingunderconsideration
b.anybuildingcommunicatingdirectlyorindirectlywiththebuildingunderconsideration.
Wherethereareunprotectedbuildingswithin6mofprotectedbuildingtheexposurehazardcan
bereducedbyusingcutoffsprinklersoverunsealedopeningsanddrenchersovercombustiblewallsin
theprotectedbuilding.
6.2.2Exceptions(BuildingsandPartsofBuildingsNotSprinklerProtected)
Obligatoryexceptions,sprinklerprotectionshallnotbeprovidedinthefollowingpartsofabuilding
orplant:
a.grainsilosorgrainbinsinsidebuildingsformingpartofcornmill,distillery,makingsoroilmills
b.ovens,hovelsandkilnsinpottery,earthenware,brick,tileandglassworksand
c.areas,roomsorplaceswherethewaterdischargedfromasprinklermayposeahazard.
Sprinklersshallnotbefittedoversaltbaths,metalmeltpansorfryingranges,orinpositions
wherewatermaydischargeintothemorindirectlydrainintothemnorshallwaterpipesbefittedinthese
positions.
6.2.3OptionalExceptions
Generallysprinklerprotectionshallbeconsideredfor,butneednotbeprovidedinthefollowing
partsofabuildingorplant:
a.Stairs,spacesbelowstairheadings(butnotroomsaboveastair)andliftwellsAnypartnot
providedwithsprinklerprotectionshallbeseparatedbywalls(225mmbrickor100mmR.C.C.).
Firedoorsnotlessthan1hinfireresistance,shallbeprovidedintheopeningsofsuchwalls.
b.Washrooms,toiletsandWCs(butnotcloakrooms)Anypartnotprovidedwithsprinkler
protectionshallbeseparatedbywalls(225mmbrickor100mmR.C.C.).Firedoorsnotlessthan1
hinfireresistance,shallbeprovidedintheopeningsofsuchwails.
c.Roomsorcompartmentscontainingelectricpowerdistributionapparatus,suchasswitchgear
andtransformers,andusedfornootherpurpose(s)Anypartnotprovidedwithsprinkler
protectionshallbeseparatedbywalls(225mmbrickor100mmR.C.C.).Firedoorsnotlessthan1
hinfireresistance,shallbeprovidedintheopeningsofsuchwalls.
d.Inpapermakingmachines,theundersidesofscreensorofshieldserectedoverthewetand(where
thereisnootherfirehazard).
6.2.4CommunicatingBuildings
Sprinklerprotectionshallbeconsideredfor,butneednotbeprovidedinthefollowing
communicatingbuildingsorstructures:
a.buildingorstoreysegregatedfromthesprinkleredbuildingbywallsofnotlessthan4hfire
resistanceinwhicheachopeningisprotectedbytwo(arrangedinseries)firedoorsorfireshutters
eachofnotlessthan2hfireresistance
9
b.canopiesofnoncombustibleconstruction,notextendingbeyond2.3mfromthebuildingwall.Any
suchcanopynotprovidedwithsprinklerprotectionshallbefittedwithcutoffsprinklersunderthe
canopyovereachopeningbetweenitandthesprinkleredbuilding.Anyopening2.5morlessin
widthshallbeprovidedwithacutoffsprinkler,positionedcentrallyovertheopening.Openings
exceeding2.5minwidthshallbeprovidedwithcutoffsprinklersovertheopening,notmorethan
2.5mapartandwithasprinklernotmorethan1.25m,fromeachside.
c.exteriorloadingdocksandplatformseitherofthenoncombustibleconstructionorwiththespace
beneathclosedoffagainstaccumulationofdebris
d.Buildingusedsolelyasofficesand/orprivatedwelling(s)Anypartnotprovidedwithsprinkler
protectionshallbeseparatedbywalls(225mmbrickor100mmR.C.C.Firedoorsnotlessthan1h
infireresistance,shallbeprovidedintheopeningsofsuchwallsalongwithcutoffsprinklers.
e.Stairs,washroomsandWCsexternaltothesprinklerprotectedbuilding,inwhichallopeningsto
thesprinklerprotectedbuildingareprotectedbydoorsofnotlessthan1hfireresistanceorcutoff
sprinklers.
f.Staircases,washrooms,toiletsandWCsexternalorinternaltothesprinklerprotectedbuilding
whichformsameansofcommunicationbetweenthesprinkleredbuildingandnonsprinklered
building.Inanysuchpartnotprovidedwithsprinklerprotectionallopeningsintothe
communicatingareafromthesprinkleredandfromthenonsprinkleredbuildingshallbeprotected
byfiredoorsofnotlessthan2hfireresistance.
6.3StorageinOpenorOpenSidedShed
Thedistancebetweencombustiblematerialsstoredintheopenorinanopensidedshedandthe
sprinkleredbuildingshallbenolessthan10mor1.5timestheheightofthestoredmaterialwhicheveris
greaterunlessthereisafirewallinbetweenorasuitabledrenchersystemtoprotecttheopeningsofthe
protectedbuildingfacingtheopenstorage
7WATERSUPPLY
7.1
Waterforthesprinklersystemshallbestoredinanyeasilyaccessiblesurfaceorunderground
reservoirorabovegroundtanksofsteel,concreteormasonry.Theeffectivecapacityofthereservoirfor
variousclassesofoccupanciesofsprinklerinstallationsshallbeasindicatedinTable2.
Table2EffectiveCapacityofWaterReservoir
(Clause7.1)
ClassofHazard
(1)
Lighthazard
ExclusiveWaterStorage
(2)
Notlessthan20minutesrunforthepumpingcapacityor35m3whicheverisgreater.
Moderatehazard Notlessthan1hourrunfortheaggregatepumpingcapacityor200m3whicheverisgreater.
Highhazard
Notlessthan2hoursrunfortheaggregatepumpingcapacity.
NOTEAhighercapacityofreservoirthanthatrequiredasperTable2maybestipulated,whereconsidered
necessary.
7.2
Watersuppliesforthesprinklerinstallationsshallbefreefromsuspended,fibrousorothermatters
whichmayaccumulateinthesystempipeworkanditisrecommendedtousefilteredwaterforthe
system.
7.3
Theuseofsaltorbrackishwaterisnotnormallyallowed.Inspecialcircumstanceswherethereis
nosuitablefreshwatersourceavailable,considerationmaybegivenfortheuseofsaltorbrackishwater
providedtheinstallationisnormallychargedwithfreshwater.
7.4
CombinedreservoirsforotherfirefightingsystemssuchasHydrantsystem,Waterspraysystems,
etc,alongwiththesprinklersystemarepermissibleprovided:(a)allthesuctioninletsorfootvalvesare
atsamelevel,and(b)aggregatecapacityofthereservoirisequaltothetotalrequirementofallthe
systemsputtogether.
7.5
Reservoirsofandover225m3capacityshallbeintwoindependentbutinterconnected
compartmentswithacommonsumptofacilitatecleaningandrepairs.Theconstruction/arrangementof
thereservoirandthecommonsumpshouldbeinaccordancewiththedrawingsasshownintheNational
BuildingCode,PartIV.
7.6
Levelindicatorshallbeprovidedformeasuringthequantityofwaterstoredatanytime.The
indicatorshouldpreferablybegraduatedtoreaddirectlyinm3ofwater.
7.7
Waterreservoirshallbecleanedatleastonceintwoyearsormorefrequentlyifnecessaryto
preventcontaminationandsedimentation.
7.8
Itisadvisabletoprovideadequateinflowintothereservoirsothattheprotectioncanbere
establishedwithinashortperiod.
10
8DESIGNDENSITYANDAMAOFORFULLYHYDRAULICALLYCALCULATED
ORPRECALCULATEDSPRINKLERSYSTEMS
8.1
Thedesigndensityandtheassumedmaximumareaofoperationforvarioustypesofrisksareas
giveninTable3.
Table3MinimumDesignDensityandAMAOforLight,ModerateandHighHazard
(Process)RisksatRoof/CeilingSprinklers
(Clause8.1)
Hazard
(1)
DesignDensity1/min/m2
(2)
AMAOm2
(3)
Light
2.25
84
Moderate
5.00
360
High
9.00
260
8.1.1LightHazard
Thedensityofwaterdischargeshallbeatleast2.25l/min/m2overanassumedareaofoperation
covering84m2.
Notmorethansixsprinklersshallbeinstalledinaroomexceptineitheracorridorwherethereis
asinglelineofsprinklersoraconcealedspaceprotectedasspecifiedin13.3.
8.1.2ModerateHazard
Thedensityofwaterdischargeshallbeatleast51/min/m2overanassumedareaofoperation
covering360m2.
8.1.3HighHazard
Thedensityofwaterdischargeforprocessrisksshallbeatleast101/min/m2overanassumedarea
ofoperationcovering260m2.
8.1.4StorageHazards
8.1.4.1
Storagehazardsarecategorisedfromthenatureandtypeofstorage.Whentheheightofstorage
increasesbeyondspecifiedlimits,firefightingisrenderedmoredifficult.Inworstcasesitmaynotbe
possibletofightthefireduetodifficultiesinreachingtheseatoffireandalsoaccessibilitytothefire
fightingstaffisimpairedduetoexcessivesmoke.Incaseofthesprinklersalsothesamedifficultiesare
encountered.Storageriskscanbecategorisedundermoderateorhighdependinguponthetypeand
methodofstorageofgoodswithinthegodown/warehouseblocks.
8.1.4.2
Thestorageoccupanciescanberegardedasmoderatehazardrisksiftheheightofstorageis
withinthelimitsforvariouscategoriesasgiveninTable4.
Table4StorageOccupanciesforModerateHazard
(Clause8.1.4.2)
Category
(1)
MaximumStorageHeightinMetres
(2)
DesignDensity1/min/m2
(3)
AMAOm2
(4)
4.00
360
II
3.00
360
III
2.00
360
IV
1.25
360
GoodsstorednothigherthanwhatisstatedinTable4fortheappropriatecategoryornothigher
thantheeavesheightoftheroofsorwithin1mofaflatceilingwhicheveristhelowestshallberegarded
asmoderatehazardstorage.Iftheaboveconditionsarenotmet,theriskshallberegardedashighhazard
storage.
8.1.4.3
Incaseofhighhazardstoragerisks,thenatureofthehazardisdeterminedbytheheightof
storage,storageaislewidthandareaofeachstorageblock.Goodsstorednothigherthanwhatisstatedin
Table5fortheappropriatecategoryornothigherthantheeavesheightoftheroofsorwithin1mofa
flatceilingwhicheveristhelowestshallberegardedashighhazardstorage.
8.1.5RequirementsCommontoModerateandHighHazardStorageRisks
8.1.5.1
Whereverpossible,thedeflectorofthesprinklerfittedintheceilingshallbeatmorethan1.5m
fromthegoodsstoredbelow.However,incaseofjutegodowns,nojutestockshallreachwithin2mof
thedeflectorsofthesprinklerheads.
8.1.5.2
Incaseofstorageinracksorshelves,iftheheightofstorageismorethanwhatisspecifiedin
Tables4and5,intermediatesprinklersshallbeprovidedforeachshelf/rackinadditiontotheceiling
sprinklersandoveralldesigndensityandAMAOshallbemaintainedasperTable5.
Table5StorageOccupanciesforHighHazard
(Clause8.1.4.3)
Category
(1)
MaximumStorageHeightinMetres
(2)
DesignDensity1/min/m2
(3)
AMAOm2
(4)
6.5
12.50
260
II
5.5
15.00
260
III
4.5
17.50
300
IV
3.5
22.50
300
8.1.5.3
Ifthetopofthestorageinthetoptiersoftheracksorshelvesiswithin3moftheroofsprinklers,
toptiersneednotbeprotectedbytheintermediate
sprinklers.However,theothertiersshallneedtobesprinklered.
11
8.1.5.4
Theaislewidthbetweenthestoragestacksshallnotbelessthan2.5mandthemaximumareaof
eachstoragestackshallnotbemorethan150m2.Iftheseparametersareexceeded,thedesigndensity
applicableshallbeloadedby2.5l/min/m2.
NOTEforstorageheightsbeyondwhatisstatedin8.1.4.3,thebasisfordesignis
renderedinvalidatedandinsuchcasesfulldetailsoftheriskshallbesubmittedtothe
authorityinadvanceforconsideration.
8.1.5.5
Incaseofmixedstorage(bothmoderateandhighhazardstorage)inbuildings,theparameterswill
begovernedbythemosthazardousoccupancy.
8.2PressureandFlowRequirements
8.2.1LightHazard
ForthedesigndensityandtheAMAOspecifiedthewatersupplyrunningpressureatthe
installationvalveshallnotbelessthan2.2barsplusthestaticpressureequivalentoftheheightofthe
highestsprinklerintheinstallationabovetheCgaugewhenawaterisbeingdischargedataflowrateof
225l/min.
8.2.2ModerateHazard
ForthedesigndensityandtheAMAOspecified,thewatersupplyrunningpressureatthe
installationvalveshallnotbelessthan2barsplusthestaticpressureequivalentoftheheightofthe
highestsprinklerintheinstallationabovetheCgaugewhenwaterisbeingdischargedataflowrateof
1800l/minor1.5barsplusthestaticpressureequivalentasstatedabovewhentheflowrateis2100
l/min.
8.2.3HighHazard
8.2.3.1
Thedesigndensity,flowrateandpressurerequirementsfordifferentfloorareasforthishazard
classareasspecifiedinTables6,7,8and9.
Table6PressureandFlowRequirementsforHighHazardInstallationswith15mm(K=
80)SprinklersPrecalculatedandPipeSizesfromTables24and26
(Clause8.2.3.1)
MinimumDesign
Density(1/min/m2 )
FlowRatePast
InstallationValue
(1/min)
RunningPressureattheDesignPointattheLeveloftheHighestSprinkler
intheHighHazardArea(Bars)FloorAreaperSprinklerinm2
10
111)
121)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
9.0
2800
1.8
2.4
3.2
3.9
4.8
5.8
6.8
12.5
4550
2.7
3.7
4.8
6.0
7.3
15.0
4550
3.8
5.2
6.8
1)Whenamoderatehazardinstallationrequirestobeupgradedtohighhazard,theseparametersshallbeused.
Table7PressureandFlowRequirementsforHighHazardInstallationswith15mm(K=
80)SprinklersPrecalculatedandPipeSizesfromTables25and27
(Clause8.2.3.1)
MinimumDesign
Density(1/min/m2 )
FlowRatePast
InstallationValue
(1/min)
RunningPressureattheDesignPointattheLeveloftheHighestSprinkler
intheHighHazardArea(Bars)FloorAreaperSprinklerinm2
10
111)
121)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
9.0
2800
1.3
1.8
2.4
3.0
3.8
4.6
5.5
9.0
2800
1.3
1.8
2.4
3.0
3.8
4.6
5.5
12.5
4550
2.0
2.8
3.6
4.6
5.7
7.0
8.4
15.0
4550
2.8
3.9
5.1
6.5
1Whenamoderatehazardinstallationrequirestobeupgradedtohighhazard,theseparametersshallbeused.
12
Table8PressureandFlowRequirementsforHighHazardInstallationswith15mm(K=
80)SprinklersPrecalculatedandPipeSizesfromTable25
(Clause8.2.3.1)
Density(l/min/m2 )
MinimumDesign
FlowRatePast
InstallationValue
(l/min)
RunningPressureattheDesignPointattheLeveloftheHighestSprinkler
10
111)
121)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
9.0
2800
0.7
1.0
1.3
1.6
2.0
2.4
2.8
12.5
4550
1.1
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.7
4.4
15.0
4550
1.6
2.2
2.8
3.6
4.4
5.3
6.3
17.5
4550
2.2
2.9
3.8
4.8
5.9
7.2
20.0
5600
2.8
3.8
5.0
6.3
7.8
22.5
5600
3.5
4.8
6.3
8.0
25.0
6750
4.4
5.9
7.8
27.5
6750
5.3
7.2
30.0
9000
6.2
intheHighHazardArea(Bars)FloorAreaperSprinklerinm2
1)Whenamoderatehazardinstallationrequirestobeupgradedtohighhazard,theseparametersshouldbeused.
Table9PressureandFlowRequirementsforHighHazardInstallationswith20mm(K=
115)SprinklersPrecalculatedandPipeSizesfromTable25
(Clause8.2.3.1)
MinimumDesign
Density(l/min/m2 )
FlowRatePast
InstallationValue
(l/min)
RunningPressureattheDesignPointattheLeveloftheHighestSprinkler
intheHighHazardArea(Bars)FloorAreaperSprinklerinm2
10
111)
121)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
9.0
2800
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.7
12.5
4550
0.9
1.2
1.5
1.8
2.2
2.6
15.0
4550
1.0
1.3
1.7
2.1
2.6
3.1
3.7
17.5
4550
1.3
1.7
2.3
2.8
3.5
4.2
5.0
20.0
5600
1.7
2.3
3.0
3.7
4.6
5.6
6.6
22.5
5600
2.0
2.9
3.7
4.7
5.8
7.0
25.0
6750
2.6
3.5
4.6
5.8
7.1
27.5
6750
3.0
4.2
5.5
6.9
30.0
9000
3.6
5.0
6.5
1)Whenamoderatehazardinstallationrequirestobeupgradedtohighhazard,theseparametersshouldbeused.
8.2.3.2
ThewatersupplyrunningpressureattheinstallationvalveCgaugeshallnotbelessthaneither:
a.wheretheAMAOisnotlargerthantheareaprotected,i.e.
Pr+Pf+Ps:or
b.wheretheAMAOislargerthantheareaprotected,i.e.
Pred+Pf+Ps
Pred = runningpressureasspecifiedinTables6,7,8and9asappropriateataflowrateequaltoavalueas
indicatedbelow:
where
Pr = therunningpressureatthedesignpointandflowratespecifiedinappropriateTables6,7,8,and9(inbar).
Pf = thecalculatedpipefrictionlossbetweentheinstallationvalveCgaugeandthemosthydraulicallyremote
designpoint(inbar).
Ps = thestaticpressuredifferencebetweenthehighestsprinklerdownstreamofthedesignpointandthe
installationvalveCgauge(inbar).
8.2.3.3WhereAMAOisfedbymorethanonedistributionpipe
Thepipefrictionlossshallbecalculatedonthebasisthattheflowratesinthedistributionpipes
arein
13
proportiontothefractionofthedesignareafedbyeachdistributionpipeasshowninFig.12.
8.2.3.4Mixedmoderateandhighhazard
WheretheareaofthehighhazardprotectionislessthantheAMAObutthereisanadjacentarea
ofmoderatehazardinthesameroom(i.e.,anareainwhichsprinklersareliabletooperate
simultaneously),thehighhazardareaflowraterequiredshallbereducedbytheratiooftheactualareato
theAMAOandtothisflowrateshallbeaddedtheflowrateforthemoderatehazardareatakenas5.0
theexcessofthespecifiedhighhazardAMAOovertheactualhighhazardarea(l/min)(seeFig.13).
Fig.12PrecalculatedHighRiseInstallation(AMAOFedByTwoDistributionPipes)
Fig.13PrecalculatedHighRiseInstallationAMAOCoveringHighandOrdinaryHazard
14
8.2.3.5
Whentestedasdescribedin18.3thewatersupplyrunningpressureshallbebasedonthelevelof
thehighestsprinklerinthehighhazardareaandshallbenotlessthanthatspecifiedin8.2.3.2(seealso
8.3).
8.2.3.6
Themoderatehazardportionoftheinstallationshallbesuppliedasspecifiedin8.2.2,andthe
highhazarddistributionpipefeedingbothhighandmoderatehazardsprinklersshallbeofborenotless
thanasspecifiedinthemoderatehazardpipetables.
8.3FullyHydraulicallyCalculatedPipeSizeInstallations
8.3.1PressureFlowRequirements
Whentestedasdescribedin18.3,thewatersupplyrunningpressureattheCgaugeshallbenot
lessthanthevaluecalculatedbythemethodasgivenin13.5(4sprinklermethod).
8.3.2Velocity
Theequilibriumwatervelocityshallnotexceed6m/satanyvalveorflowmonitoringdevice,or10
m/satanyotherpointinthesystemforthestabilizedflowconditionatthedemandpointinvolvingan
AMAOor,wherethesystemincludesintermediatesprinklers,thetotalnumberofsprinklersassumedto
beinsimultaneousoperation.
9PUMPS
9.1GeneralRequirements
9.1.1
Pumpsshallbeexclusivelyusedforthefirefightingpurposes,beofatypeapprovedbythe
Authority,andshallbe:
a.Electricmotordrivencentrifugalpumps,or
b.Compressionignitionenginedrivencentrifugalpumpsor
c.Verticalturbinesubmersiblepumps.
Inalltheabovecases,pumpsshallbeautomaticinaction.
9.1.2
Pumpsshallbedirectcoupled,exceptinthecaseofenginedrivenverticalturbinepumpswherein
geardrivesshallbeused.Beltdrivenpumpsshallnotbeaccepted.
9.1.3
Partsofpumpslikeimpeller,shaftsleeve,wearingring,etc,shallbeofnoncorrosivemetal
preferablyofbrassorbronze.
Whereseawaterisusedorwherethequalityofthewaternecessitatestheuseofspecialmetalsand
alloys,theuseofsuchmetalsandalloysshallbeinsistedupon.
9.1.4
Thecapacityofthepump(s)woulddependonthetypeofhazardprotectedandthesameshallbeas
perthesizesshowninTable10.
Table10PumpSelection
NatureofRisk
NatureofRisk
(1)
PumpCapacityl/s(m3 /h)
(2)
DeliveryPressurekg/m2
(3)
Light
27(96)
5.6
30(110)
5.6
Moderate
38(127)
5.6/7.0
47(171)
7.0
76(273)
7.0
High
47(171)
7.0
76(273)
7.0/8.8
114(410)
7.0/8.8
9.1.5
Pumpsshouldbecapableoffurnishingnotlessthan150%ofratedcapacityataheadofnotless
than65%oftheratedhead.Theshutoffheadshallnotexceed120%ofratedheadincaseofhorizontal
pumpsand140%incaseofverticalpumps.
9.1.6
Incaseofelectricallydrivenpumps,itisrecommendedthatacompressionignitionenginedriven
stationeryofsimilarcapacitybeinstalledasastandbyandviceversa.However,wherethesprinkler
systemconsistsofmorethanonepump,primemoversofallshallnotbeofsametype.
Notwithstandingtheabove,ifpowertomotorizedfirepumpsisobtainedfromtwosources,oneof
whichisacaptivegeneratingplantlocatedinablockeither6mawayfromallsurroundingbuildingor,
wherethisisnotfeasible,segregatedfromadjoiningbuildingsinamannerindicatedin9.1.13,morethan
onepumpmaybeoftheelectricallydriventype.
9.1.7
IncaseofJockeypumpsinsuchsystemstotakecareofminorleakages,thecapacitythereofshall
notbelessthan3%andnormallynotmorethan10%oftheinstalledpumpingcapacity.
9.1.8
Eachpumpshallbeprovidedwithapressuregaugeonthedeliverysidebetweenthepumpandthe
nonreturnvalveandaplategivingthedeliveryhead,capacityandthenumberofrevolutionsperminute.
9.1.9
Eachpumpshallbeprovidedwithanindependentsuctionpipewithoutanysluiceorcutoffvalves
therein,unlessthepumpissituatedbelowthelevelofthewatersupplyinwhichcasesluiceorcutoff
valveswouldbeessential,wheretheNetPositiveSuctionHead(NPSH)availableatsiteislessthan0.5m
inexcessoftheactualvalue,requireat150%ofthedutypointasperthemanufacturerscurvesorwhere
thewatersupplyhasfibrousorequallyobjectionablematterinsuspensionormudand/orsandliable
causeaccumulationintheinstallation,suction
15
pipe(s)shallbeinstalledinajackwellfedthroughaculvertfromthemainwatersupply.Atthe
supplyendoftheculvert,asluiceorgatevalveshallbeprovided.
9.1.10
Thediameterofthesuctionpipeshallbesuchthattherateofflowofwaterthroughitdoesnot
exceed90mperminutewhenthepumpisdeliveringatitsrateddischarge.If,however,thepumpis
situatedbelowthelevelofwatersupply,thediameterofthesuctionpipe/headershallbebasedupona
rateofflowof120mperminute.
9.1.11
Centrifugalpumpsshouldbefixedbelowthelevelofwatersupply.However,ifthepriming
arrangementsaresuchastoensurethatthesuctionpipeshouldbeautomaticallymaintainedfullofwater
notwithstandingaseriousleakagetherefrom(thepumpbeingautomaticallybroughtintoactionto
replenishtheprimingtankshouldthelaterbedrawnuponatagreaterratethantherateatwhichitisfed
fromanyothersource),positivesuctionmaynotbeinsisted.Insuchcases,thecapacityofprimingtank
neednotexceed450litresandthediameteroftheprimingpipeneednotexceed50mm.
NOTEForthepurposeof9.1.9,9.1.10and9.1.11,apumpshallbeconsideredas
havingpositivesuctiononlyifthequantityofwaterinthereservoirabovethelevelofthetop
ofthepumpcasingisequivalenttotherequirementsin8.1.
9.1.12
Ifthepumpisallowedtobeinstalledabovethelevelofitswatersupply,thereshallbeafootvalve
andaprimingarrangement,thelatterconsistingofatank(havingacapacityatleastthreetimesthatof
thesuctionpipefromthepumptothefootvalve)connectedtothedeliverysideofthepumpbyametal
pipehavingaminimuminternaldiameterof100mminthecaseofcentrifugalpumpswithastopvalve
andanonreturnvalvethereinofthesamesize.Adependableindependentfillingarrangementanda
levelindicatorshallbeprovidedfortheprimingtank.Theprovisionofavacuumgaugeforthesuction
pipeisrecommended.
9.1.13
Pumpsshallnotbeinstalledintheopen.Thepumproomshallbesolocatedastobebotheasily
accessibleandwhereanyfallingmasonryandthelikefromotherbuildingsoccasionedbyothercause,
cannotdamagethepumproom.Normally,pumproomsshallbelocated6mawayfromallsurrounding
buildingsandoverheadstructures.Wherethisisnotfeasible,theymaybeattachedtoabuildingprovided
aperfectpartywallisconstructedbetweenthepumproomandtheattachedbuilding,theroofofthe
pumproomisofR.C.C.constructionatleast100mmthickandaccesstothepumproomisfromthe
outside.Thepumproomsshallnormallyhavebrick/concretewallsandnoncombustibleroof,with
adequatelighting,ventilationanddrainagearrangements.
NOTEThepumproomshallbelocated30mclearoftheequipment/vesselshandling
orstoringflammableliquids/solventsand/orgases.
9.2ElectricallyDrivenPumps
9.2.1
Thesubstation(s)and/orD.G.house(s)supplyingpowertothefirepump(s)shallbeof
incombustibleconstructionandshallbelocatedatleast6mawayfromallsurroundingbuildings.Where
thisisnotfeasible,alldoorandwindowopeningsofthesurroundingbuildingswithin6mofthe
substation(s)and/orD.G.house(s)shallbeprotectedbysinglefiredoorsand6mmthickwiredglassin
steelframeworkrespectively.Likewise,roofeaves,ifanyofthesurroundingbuildingsfallingwithin6m
ofthesubstation(s)and/orD.G.house(s)shallbecutandwallraisedasaparapet.Theaboveprovision
shallalsoapplywhenthesubstation(s)and/orD.G.house(s)arewithin6mofeachother.
Wherethesubstation(s)and/orD.G.house(s)areattachedtobuildings,perfectpartywallsshallbe
constructedtosegregatethesubstation(s)and/orD.G.house(s)fromtheattachedbuildingsandwhere
theattachedbuildingisstoreyed,theroofofthesubstation(s)and/orD.G.housesshallbeofRCC
constructionofatleast100mmthickness.
TransformercubiclesinsidethesesubstationsshallbeseparatedfromHT/LTcubiclesandfrom
eachotherbyblankbrick/stone/concretewallsof355mmthicknessorofRCCof200mmwithdoor
openings,ifany,thereinbeingprotectedbysinglefireproofdoors.Thesubstation(s)andD.G.houses
shallalsobeseparatedfromeachotherasabove.
Transformersinstalledoutdoorswhicharesupplyingpowertofirepump(s),shallalsobelocatedat
least6mawayfromallthesurroundingbuildings[includingsubstation(s)and/orD.G.house(s)].Where
thisisnotfeasible,alldoorandwindowopeningsofthesurroundingbuildings[includingsubstation(s)
and/orD.G.house(s)]within6mofthetransformersshallbeprotectedbysinglefiredoorsand6mm
thickwiredglassinsteelframeworkrespectively.Likewise,roofeaves,ifanyofthesurroundingbuildings
fallingwithin6mofthetransformersshallbecutandwallraisedasaparapet.Blastwallsof
bricks/stone/concreteblocksof355mmthicknessorofRCCof200mmthicknessshallbeconstructed
betweentwotransformersandthesewallsshallbeextendedhorizontallyby600mmbeyondthe
extremitiesofthetransformersandvertically600mmabovethehighestpointofthetransformers.
NOTEForhighhazard(B)occupancies,substation(s)supplyingpowertofirepumps
shall,inadditiontocomplyingwiththeaboveprovisions,belocated30mclearofall
equipmentwhereflammablefluidshavingaflashpointbelow65Carehandledand/or
stored.
9.2.2
Overheadfeederstosubstation(s)supplyingpowertothefirepump(s)arenotpermittedwithina
horizontaldistanceof:
16
a.15mofanyprocessbuilding/plantortankscontainingflammableliquids,or
b.6mofanyotherbuildingortankscontainingnonflammableliquidsorofstorageinopen.
Incasethefeedtosuchsubstation(s)isbymeansofundergroundcables,thecablesshallnotpass
underanybuildingorpermanentstructure.
9.2.3
Sufficientsparepowershallalwaysbeavailabletodrivepumpingset(s)atalltimesthroughoutthe
year.
9.2.4
Theelectricsupplytothepumpingset(s)shallbeentirelyindependentofallotherequipmentin
thepremises,i.e.,evenwhenthepowerthroughouttheentirepremisesisswitchedoff,thesupplytothe
pumpshallcontinuetobeavailableinterrupted.Thiscanbeachievedbytakingtheconnectionforthe
pump(s)fromtheincomingsideofthemainLTbreaker.However,incaseswheretwoormore
transformersand/orsourcesofsupplyareconnectedtoacommonbusbarorwherethereisprovisionof
abuscouplerbetweenthebusbarsections,theconnectionmaybetakenthroughthebusbars(seeFig.
14).
9.2.5
Thefirepumpcircuitshallbeprotectedattheoriginbyanautomaticcircuitbreakersosetasto
permitthemotortobeoverloadedduringanemergencytothemaximumlimitpermissiblebythe
manufacturers.Further,theundervoltagerelease/novoltcoilofthecircuitbreakershallberemoved.
NOTEWherecablelengthsarelongenoughtowarrantbackupprotection,provision
forsuchaprotectionshallbemade.
9.2.6
Itisrecommendedthattelltalelampswhichcouldcontinuouslyglowwhenpowerisavailableto
thefirepump(s)circuitbeprovidedandfixedinaprominentposition,bothinthesubstationandinthe
pumproom.
9.2.7
Adirectfeederwithoutanytappings,shallbelaidfromthesubstationtothepumphouse.The
feedershallbelaidundergroundandshallnotpassunderanybuildingorpermanentstructure.Under
extraneouscircumstances,useofoverheadcablesmaybepermitted,butinnocaseshallsuchcablesbe
permittedtocontravenethedistanceindicatedin9.2.2.
9.2.8
Wherethereismorethanonesourceofpowerfortheoperationofpumpingset(s)everyelectrical
circuitshallpreferablybesodesignedastoensurethatwhennecessarytheset(s)continuetooperate
withoutthemanualoperationofanemergencyswitch.
9.2.9
Thepumpingset(s)shallbesecurelymountedonarobustbedplate,ifofthehorizontaltype,and
shallbefreefromvibrationatallvariationsofload.
9.2.10
TheratinganddesignofmotorsandswitchgearshallconformtotherelevantIndianStandard
Specifications.Themotorshallbeofcontinuousratingtypeanditsratingsshallbeequivalenttothe
horsepowerrequiredtodrivethepumpat150%ofitsrateddischarge(see9.1.4).
9.2.11
Themotorshallbeoftotallyenclosedtypeordripprooftype,thelatterhavingtheirairinletsand
outletsprotectedwithmeshedwirepanelstoexcluderodents,reptilesandinsects.
9.2.12
Themotor(s)shallbewoundforclassBinsulationpreferablyforclassEandthewindingsshall
bevacuumimpregnatedwithheatandmoistureresistingvarnishandpreferablyglassfibreinsulatedto
withstandtropicalconditions.
9.2.13
Motor(s)woundforhightensionsuppliesshallhaveasuitablefixedwarmingresistanceto
maintainthemotorwindingsinadryconditionatalltimesandparticularlyundermonsoonconditions.
Theresistanceshallbeconnectedtothelightingorotherequivalentcircuit.
9.2.14
Heatingapparatusshallalsobeprovided,whennecessary,formediumtensionmotorwherethey
arelocatedbelowgroundlevel,inordertomaintainthemotorwindingsinadrycondition.Adequate
drainagearrangementsshallalsobeprovidedinthepumphouseinsuchcases.
9.2.15
Theincomingcabletothefirepumproomshallterminateinanisolatingswitchfuseunit
incorporatingtheHRCfusesandwherenecessaryprovidedwithadistributionsystem.
9.2.16
Thestartingswitchgearforthefirepumpsshallbesuitablefordirectonlinestartingbutother
alternativearrangementsasremotecontrolledaresubjecttopriorapproval.Itshallalsoincorporatean
ammeterwithaclearindicationofthemotorfullloadcurrent.
9.2.17
Cablesformotorsandswitchgearsshallbearmouredorenclosedinheavygaugescrewedsteel
conduitaccordingtoconditions.
9.2.18
Itisrecommendedthattheequipmentthroughoutbepaintedfirered(ShadeNo.536asperIS5)
andsuitablymarkedforidentification.
9.2.19
Necessarysparepartsincludingasetoffuses(inaglassfrontedbox)shallbekeptinreadinessatall
timesinthepumphouse.
9.2.20
ThewiringinallinstallationsshallbedoneinaccordancewithIS732.
9.3CompressionIgnitionEngineDrivenPumps
9.3.1PumpRoom
Thepumproomshallbeartificiallyheated,ifnecessarytomaintainthetemperatureoftheroom
17
Fig.14FirePumpCircuit
18
above10C.Adequateventilationshallbeprovidedfortheairrequiredforaspirationandtolimit
thetemperatureriseintheroomto10Cabovetheambienttemperaturewhentheengineisonfullload.
9.3.2Engine
9.3.2.1
Theengineshallbe:
a.ofthecompressionignitionmechanicaldirectinjectiontype,capableofbeingstartedwithoutthe
useofwicks,cartridges,heaterplugsorether,atanengineroomtemperatureof7Candshall
acceptfullloadwithin15secondsfromthereceiptofthesignaltostart.
b.naturallyaspirated,superchargedorturbochargedandeitherairorwatercooled.Inthecaseof
chargedaircoolingbymeansofabeltdrivenfanorofabeltdrivenauxiliarywaterpumpthere
shallbemultiplebeltssuchthatshouldhalfthebeltsbreak,theremainingbeltswouldbecapableof
drivingthefanorpump.
c.capableofoperatingcontinuouslyonfullloadatthesiteelevationforaperiodofsixhours.
d.providedwithanadjustablegovernortocontroltheenginespeedwithin10%ofitsratedspeed
underanyconditionsofloaduptothefullloadrating.Thegovernorshouldbesettomaintainthe
ratedpumpspeedatmaximumpumpload.
e.providedwithaninbuilttachometertoindicatetherev/moftheengine.
f.providedwithatimetotaliser(Hourcounter).
9.3.2.2
Anymanualdevicefittedtotheenginewhichcouldpreventtheenginestartingshallreturn
automaticallytothenormalposition.
9.3.2.3
Engines,aftercorrectionforaltitudeandambienttemperatureshallhavebareenginehorsepower
ratingequivalenttothehigherofthefollowingtwovalves:
a.20%inexcessofthemaximumbrakehorsepowerrequiredtodrivethepumpatitsdutypoint.
b.Thebrakehorsepowerrequiredtodrivethepumpat150%ofitsrateddischarge.
9.3.2.4
Thecouplingbetweentheengineandthepumpshallalloweachunittoberemovedwithout
disturbingtheother.
9.3.3CoolingSystem
Thefollowingsystemsareacceptable:
a.Coolingbywaterfromthedischargeoffirepump(takenoffpriortothepumpdischargevalve)
directintotheenginecylinderjacketsviaapressurereducingdevicetolimittheappliedpressureto
asafevalueasspecifiedbytheenginemanufacturer.Theoutletconnectionfromthissystemshall
terminateatleast150mmabovetheenginewateroutletpipeandbedirectedintoanopentundish
sothatthedischargewaterisvisible.
b.Aheatexchanger,therawwaterbeingsuppliedfromthefirepumpdischarge(takenoffpriortothe
pumpdischargevalve)viaapressurereducingdevice,ifnecessary,tolimittheappliedpressuretoa
safevalueasspecifiedbytheenginemanufacturer.Therawwateroutletconnectionshallbeso
designedthatthedischargedwatercanbereadilyobserved.Thewaterintheclosedcircuitsshall
notbelessthanthatrecommendedbytheenginemanufacturer.Iftheauxiliarypumpisbeltdriven
thereshallbemultiplebeltssothatshouldhalfthebeltsbreak,theremainingbeltsshallbecapable
ofdrivingthepump.
c.Aframeorenginemountedaircooledradiatorwithamultiplebeltsdrivenfanfromtheengine.
Whenhalfthebeltsarebrokentheremainingbeltsshallbecapableofdrivingthefan.Thewaterin
theclosedcircuitshouldbecirculatedbymeansoftheauxiliarypumpdrivenbytheengineandthe
capacityoftheclosedcircuitshallbenotlessthanthatrecommendedbytheenginemanufacturer.
d.Directaircoolingoftheenginebymeansofmultiplebeltsdrivenfan.Whenhalfthebeltsare
brokentheremainingbeltsshallbecapableofdrivingthefan.
NOTEIncaseofsystemsdescribedinb,canddabove,afailureactuatedaudiovisual
alarmshallbeincorporated.
9.3.4AirFiltration
Theairintakeshallbefittedwiththefilterofadequatesizetopreventforeignmatterenteringthe
engine.
9.3.5ExhaustSystem
Theexhaustshallbefittedwithasuitablesilencerandthetotalbackpressureshallnotexceedthe
enginemakersrecommendation.Whentheexhaustsystemrisesabovetheengine,meansshallbe
providedtopreventanycondensateflowingintotheengine.
9.3.6EngineShutDownMechanism
Thisshallbemanuallyoperatedandreturnautomaticallytothestartingpositionafteruse.
9.3.7FuelSystem
9.3.7.1Fuel
Theenginefueloilshallbeofqualityandgradespecifiedbyenginemakers.Thereshallbekepton
handatalltimessufficientfueltoruntheengineon
19
fullloadforthreehours,inadditiontothatinthefueltank.
9.3.7.2Fueltank
ThefueltankshallbeofweldedsteelconstructionconformingtoIS2552.Thetankshallbe
mountedabovetheenginefuelpumptoprovideagravityfeedunlessotherwiserecommendedbythe
manufacturers.Thetankshallbefittedwithanindicatorshowingtheleveloffuelinthetank.
Thecapacityofthetankshallbesufficienttoallowtheenginetorunonfullloadfor:
Lighthazard
1h
Moderatehazard
2h
Highhazard
3h
NOTEWherethereismorethanonecompressionignitionenginedrivenpumpset
thereshallbeseparatefueltankandfuelfeedpipeforeachengine.
9.3.7.3Fuelfeedpipes
Anyvalveinthefuelfeedpipebetweenthefueltankandtheengineshallbeplacedadjacenttothe
tankanditshallbelockedintheopenposition.Pipejointsshallnotbesolderedandplastictubingshould
notbeused.
9.3.7.4Auxiliaryequipment
Thefollowingshallbeprovided:
a.Asludgeandsedimenttrap,
b.Afuellevelgauge,
c.Aninspectionandcleaninghole,
d.Afilterbetweenthefueltankandfuelpumpmountedinanaccessiblepositionforcleaning,and
e.Meanstoenabletheentirefuelsystemtobebledofair.Airreliefcocksarenotallowedscrewed
plugsarepermitted.
9.3.8StartingMechanism
Provisionshallbemadefortwoseparatemethodsofenginestarting,viz:
a.Automaticstartingbymeansofabatterypoweredelectricstartermotorincorporatingtheaxial
displacementtypeofpinion,havingautomaticrepeatstartfacilitiesinitiatedbyafallinpressurein
thewatersupplypipetothesprayinstallation.Thebatterycapacityshouldbeadequateforten
consecutivestartswithoutrechargingwithacoldengineunderfullcompression.
b.Manualstartingby:
1.Crankhandle,ifenginesizepermits,or
2.Electricstartermotor.
NOTEThestartermotorusedforautomaticstartingmayalsobeusedformanual
startingprovidedthereareseparatebatteriesformanualstarting.
9.3.9BatteryCharging
Themeansofchargingthebatteriesshallbebya2ratetricklechargerwithmanualselectionof
boostchargeandthebatteriesshallbechargedinposition.Whereseparatebatteriesareprovidedfor
automaticandmanualstartingthechargingequipmentshallbecapableoftricklechargingboththe
batteriessimultaneously.Equipmentshallbeprovidedtoenablethestateofchargeofthebatteriestobe
determined.
9.3.10Tools
Astandardkitoftoolsshallbeprovidedwiththeengineandkeptonhandatalltimes.
9.3.11SpareParts
Thefollowingsparepartsshallbesuppliedwiththeengineandkeptonhand:
a.Twosetsoffuelfilters,elementsandseals
b.Twosetsoflubricatingoilfilters,elementsandseals
c.Twosetsofbelts(whereverused)
d.Onecompletesetofenginejoints,gasketsandhoses
e.Twoinjectornozzles
f.Onecompletesetofpistonringsforeachcylinderand
g.Oneinletvalveandoneexhaustvalve.
9.3.12EngineExercising
Thetestshallbeforaperiodofatleastfiveminuteseachday.Whereclosedcircuitscooling
systemsareusedthewaterlevelintheprimarysystemshallbecheckedatthetimeofcarryingouteach
testand,ifnecessary,watershallbeaddedduringthecourseoftestprocedure.
9.3.13
Thefollowingconditionswillstrictlybecompliedwith:
a.Totesttheengineatleastonceaweek
b.Tomaintainthetemperatureoftheengineroomatnotlessthan4.5Catalltimes
c.Tomaintaintheminimumquantityoffueloilrequiredasdesiredintheseclauses
d.Touseagoodgradeoffueloilequivalentinqualitytothatspecifiedbytheenginemakerand
e.Tokeeponhandthesparepartsrequiredasspecifiedabove.
10PIPINGANDSUPPORTS
10.1Piping
10.1.1
Thepipeusedinthesprinklersystem(fromthepumphousetotheinstallationvalves)shallbe
normallylaidundergroundorinmasonryculvertswith
20
removablecoversofincombustibleconstructionandshallbeofanyoneofthefollowingtypes:
a.CastirondoubleflangedclassApipesconformingtothefollowingstandards:
1)
Horizontallycastironpipes
IS7181
2)
Verticallycastironpipes
IS1537
3)
Centrifugallycast(spun)ironpipes
IS1536
NOTEIncaseofverticallycastironpipes,wherethenominaldiameterofthe
pipesexceeds300mmorwherethepumpdeliverypressureexceeds7kg/cm2,class
Bpipeswouldbenecessary.
b.Centrifugallycast(spun)ironclassApipeswithTytonjointsconformingtoIS1536.
c.Wroughtormildsteelpipes(galvanisedornot)ofheavygradeconformingtoIS1239(Part1)and
IS1978(wheninstalledunderground)orelectricresistanceweldedsteelpipesconformingtoIS
3589havingweldedjointsandcoatedandwrappedasperIS10221.
NOTEAtleast10%ofalltheweldedjointsshouldberadiographicallytestedandhalf
ofthejointsradiographedshouldbefieldjoints.
10.1.2
Pipesmaybelaidovergroundonexclusivesupports.Pipesshallbeofmaterialconformingtoanyof
thedescriptionsasper10.1.1withwelded,threadedorflangedjointsandsupportedadequatelyatregular
intervals.Thepipesshallrunatleastatdistancesfromthefaceofthebuilding(s)and/oropenstorage
area(s)asstipulatedbelow:
Lighthazard
6m
Moderatehazard
6m
Highhazard
15m
10.1.3
Undergroundpipesshallbelaidnotlessthan1mbelowgroundlevel.Wheresoilconditionsare
unsatisfactory,masonryorequivalentsupportsshallbeprovidedatregularintervals.
NOTEIncaseofpoorsoilconditions,itmaysometimesbenecessarytoprovide
continuousmasonryorequivalentsupports.
10.1.4
Pipesshallnotbelaidunderbuildingsorplantareasorstorageareas.Asfaraspossible,pipesshall
notbelaidunderlargeopenstorage,railroadsandroadscarryingheavytraffic.
10.1.5
Pipesshouldnottraverseongroundwhichisnotunderthecontroloftheownerofthe
installation.Pipesshallalsonotpassthroughpublicroadways.
10.1.6
Theinstallationpiping(fromthepumphouseuptotheinstallationvalveandalsotheinstallation
pipingwithsprinklers)shallbecapableofwithstandingfortwohoursapressureequivalentto150%of
themaximumworkingpressure.
10.1.7
Allboltholesintheflangesshallbedrilled.
10.1.8
Flangesshallbefacedandhavejointingofrubberinsertionsorasbestoscompound.
10.1.9
Weldedjointsshallnotbepermittedforpipeshavingdiameterlessthan50mm.
NOTEWherejointswithoddanglesareencountered,referenceshallbemade.
10.1.10
Itisnotpermissibletorunthesprinklerpipesthroughanunsprinkleredbuildingoroccupancyand
whereitisnotpracticablethesupplypipelineshallbeinstalledatgroundlevelandenclosedinbrick
trenchescoveredwithremovableRCCprecastslabs.
10.1.11
Allinstallationpipeworkabovegroundshallbeinstalledataslopenotlessthan1:500for
horizontalrunofpipes.Normallythepipeworkshallslopethroughtheinstallationvalve.Ifthepipework
istrapped(belowtheleveloftheinstallationvalveforexampleinthebasements),arrangementsshallbe
madetoprovidedraincocksatthebottomofsuchpipestodrainthetrappedwater.
10.1.12
Sprinklerpipesshallnotbeembeddedinconcretefloorsorceilingsofanybuilding.
10.2Fittings
10.2.1
FittingsinstalledundergroundshallbeofcastironheavygradeconformingtoIS1538whereas
thoseinstalledovergroundshallbeofmediumgradewroughtormildsteelconformingtoIS1239(Part2)
ormalleableironfittingsconformingtoIS1879.
10.2.2
Allfittingsshallbeabletowithstandatleastapressureof150%ofthemaximumworkingpressure.
10.2.3
Weldedfittingsaccordingtothelaiddownweldingprocedurearepermitted.Weldedpartsshallbe
galvanisedorsuitablycoatedafterweldingaspertherequirementoftheareastobeprotectedbythe
system,i.e.,chemicalandelectrolyticcorrosion.
10.2.4
Weldedjointsshouldnotbepermittedforfittingsoflessthan50mmdiameter.
10.3Supports(PipesandFittingsAboveinstallationValve)
10.3.1
Sprinklerpipesshouldbesupportedfromthebuildingstructurewhichitselfshouldbecapableof
supportingthewaterfilledpipeworkandshouldnotimpairtheperformanceofsprinklersunderfire
conditions.
10.3.2
Pipeworkshouldnotbeusedtosupportanyotherloadsexceptwhereprimarysupportisdesigned
forthesuspensionofthepipedservice.
10.3.3
Distribution/Rangepipesshouldnotbesupportedfromceilingsheathingorcladdingorfromany
otherassociatedsuspensionsystems.
21
10.3.4
Pipesbelowobstructionssuchasductworkshouldbeeithersupportedfromthebuildingstructure
orfromthesteelmemberssupportingsuchobstructions.Suchmembersshouldbecapableofsupporting
theweightofwaterfilledpipestoo.
10.3.5
Hangersshouldnotbeweldedorfasteneddirectlytothepipework.
10.3.6
Thesupportsonwhichthepipeworkrestsshouldbesecuredfirmlyinposition.
10.3.7
Thethicknessofallpartsofpipesupportsshouldnotbelessthan3mm.
10.3.8
Whereverpossible,pipesshouldbesupportedfromnoncombustiblebuildingelements.
10.3.9
Pipeworkincorrosiveareasshouldbeofeitherstainlesssteelorsuitablyprotectedagainst
corrosion.
10.3.10
Thedistancebetweenthepipesupportsmeasuredalongthelineofconnectedpipes(whetherthe
pipesrunhorizontally,verticallyoratangles)shallnotbelessthanthatgiveninTable11.
Table11DistanceBetweenPipeSupports
(Clause10.3.10)
PipeDiameter
Spacing
(1)
(2)
(1)
(2)
Upto65mm
4.0m
65mmto100mm
6.0m
100mmto250mm
6.5m
10.3.11DistributionPipes
a.Thefirstsupportonanominallyhorizontaldistributionpipeshallnotbemorethan2mfromthe
maindistributionpipe.
b.Thelastsupportonanominallyhorizontaldistributionpipeshallnotbemorethan450mmfrom
theend.
c.Droporrisepipesshallbesecuredtothebuildingstructureeitherdirectlyorindirectlyatthe
adjacentnominallyhorizontalpartofthepipewithin300mmofthedroporrise.
10.3.12RangePipes
a.Atleastonesupportshallbeprovidedfor:
1.eachpiperunconnectingadjacentsprinkler,and
2.thepiperunconnectingthedistributionpipeandthefirstsprinklerontherangepipe.
b.Pipesupportsshallnotbecloserthan150mmtoanysprinkleraxialcentralline.
c.Thefirstsupportonarangepipeshallnotbemorethan2mfromthedistributionpipe.
d.Thelastsupportonarangepipeshallnotbemorethan1.5mfrom:
1.Therangepipeendor
2.Wherethereisahorizontalarmpipeof450mmorlonger,thearmpipeendor
3.Wherethereisadroporriseexceeding600mm,thedroporrisepipeend.
10.3.13
OutgoingmainsfromtheInstallationvalvetothesystemshouldbesupportedatevery3.5mofits
run.
10.3.14
Thethicknessofallcomponentsusedinpipesupportsshouldnotbelessthan3mmanywhere.
10.3.15
SomeofthetypicalsupportingarrangementsareshowninFig.15.
11SPRINKLERSPACING,ARRANGEMENTANDLOCATION
11.1GeneralRequirements
11.1.1
Allthemeasurementsbetweensprinklersorofareascoveredbygroupsofindividualsprinklers
shallbetakeninthehorizontalplane.
Notwithstandingtheaboveprovisions,thehydrauliccalculationsshallshowthedimensionsofthe
truelengthsmeasuredalongtheslopeofthepipe.
11.1.2
Sprinklersshallbeinstalleduprightorpendentasrequiredunderthecircumstances,withthe
deflectorparalleltotheslopeoftheroof,ceilingorpitchlineofstairs.
11.1.3
Wheretheslopeoftheroofisgreaterthan1in3,alineofsprinklersshallbefittedattheapex
unlessthereisarowofsprinklersatnotmorethan750mmdistantradiallytherefrom.
11.2CoverageandSpacingofSprinklers
11.2.1LightHazardClass
11.2.1.1Maximumareacoveragepersprinkler
a)
Sidewallsprinklers
17m2
b)
Othertypesofsprinklers
21m2
11.2.1.2
Maximumdistancebetweensprinklersonrangepipesandbetweenadjacentrowsofsprinklers:
a)
Sidewallsprinklers
b)
Othertypesofsprinklers
4.5m1)
4.5m
11.2.1.3Minimumspacingbetweensprinklers
Sprinklersshallnotbespacedatlessthan2mexceptinlocationswheretheheatsensitive
elementsofthesprinklerscanbeprotectedfromwettingoftheoperationoftheadjoiningsprinklerby
suitablebaffleswiththepriorapproval(seeFig.17).
1) Forroomsexceeding3.7mbutwithin7.4minwidth,onerowofsprinklersshallbeprovidedon
eachwallattheabovespacingandifthelengthoftheroomexceeds9.2m,thesprinklersintheopposite
wallsshallbestaggered(seeFig.16A).
22
Fig.15CommonTypesOfPipeHangerEquipment
23
Fig.16SidewallSprinklerSpacing
11.2.1.4Distancebetweensprinklersandtheboundary(seeFig.17):
a.Thedistancebetweentheboundaryandsprinklerswhenmeasuredalongtherangepipeshallnot
bemorethan0.5timesthespacingbetweenthesprinklersandwhenmeasuredperpendicularto
therangepipeshallnotbemorethan0.5timesthespacingbetweentherangepipes.
b.However,wheretheexternalwallsarecombustibleorbuiltwithasbestosandmetaloropensided
andalsoincaseofopenjoistedceilingsorwheretheroofhastheraftersexposed,thedistance
betweentheboundaryandthesprinklersshallnotexceed1.5m.
c.Sidewallsprinklersshallbelocatedwiththedeflectorverticalcentrelinenotlessthan50mmand
notmorethan150mmfromthewallfaceagainstwhichtheyaremounted.
11.2.2ModerateHazardClass
11.2.2.1Maximumareacoveragepersprinkler
24
a)
Sidewallsprinklers
b)
Othertypesofsprinklers
9m2
12m2
11.2.2.2Maximumdistancebetweensprinklersonrangepipesandbetweenadjacentrowsofsprinklers
a)
Sidewallsprinklers
b)
Othertypesofsprinklers:
Withstandardspacing
Withstaggeredspacing:
Sprinklersonranges
4.6m
Adjacentrows
4.0m
3.4m1)
4.0m
11.2.2.3Minimumspacingbetweensprinklers
Sprinklersshallnotbespacedatlessthan2mexceptinlocationswheretheheatsensitive
elementsofthesprinklerscanbeprotectedfromwettingoftheoperationoftheadjoiningsprinklerby
suitablebaffleswiththepriorapproval(seeFig.17).
11.2.2.4Distancebetweensprinklersandtheboundary(seeFig.17)
a.Thedistancebetweentheboundaryandsprinklerswhenmeasuredalongtherangepipeshallnot
bemorethan0.5timesthespacingbetweenthesprinklersandwhenmeasuredperpendicularto
therangepipeshallnotbemorethan0.5timesthespacingbetweentherangepipes.
b.Howeverwhenthelayoutisstaggered,thedistancebetweentheboundaryandthesprinklerswhen
measuredonrangeperpendiculartotheboundaryshallnotbemorethan0.5timesand0.25times
thespacingbetweenthesprinklersonalternaterangelines.
c.However,wheretheexternalwallsarecombustibleorbuiltwithasbestosandmetaloropensided
andalsoincaseofopenjoistedceilingsorwheretheroofhastheraftersexposed,thedistance
betweentheboundaryandthesprinklersshallnotexceed1.5m.
d.Sidewallsprinklersshallbelocatedwiththedeflectorverticalcentrelinenotlessthan50mmand
notmorethan150mmfromthewallfaceagainsttheyaremounted.
11.2.3HighHazardClass
11.2.3.1Maximumareacoveragepersprinkler
a)
Ingeneral
b)
Instorageracks(intermediate):
Withasinglerowofsprinklers
9m2
10m2
Withadoublerowofsprinklers
7.5m2
11.2.3.2
Maximumdistancebetweensprinklersonrangepipesandbetweenadjacentrowsofsprinklers:
a)
Ingeneral
3.7m
b)
Withinstorageracks(intermediate)
2.5m
1) Forroomsexceeding3.7mbutwithin7.4minwidth,onerowofsprinklersshallbeprovidedon
eachwallattheabovespacingandthesprinklersintheoppositewallsshallbestaggeredasshowninthe
Fig.16A.Ifthewidthoftheroomexceeds7.4m,itisnecessarytosprinklerthecentralportionby
conventionalceilingsprinklersandthedistancebetweentheaboveandthesidewallsprinklersshallnot
belessthan3.7m(seeFig.16B).
Fig.17CeilingSprinklerSpacing
11.2.3.3Minimumspacingbetweensprinklers
Sprinklersshallnotbespacedatlessthan2mexceptinlocationswheretheheatsensitive
elementsofthesprinklerscanbeprotectedfromwettingoftheoperationoftheadjoiningsprinklerby
suitablebaffleswiththepriorapproval(seeFig.17).
11.2.3.4Distancebetweensprinklersandtheboundary(seeFig.17)
25
a.Thedistancebetweentheboundaryandsprinklerswhenmeasuredalongtherangepipeshallnot
bemorethan0.5timesthespacingbetweenthesprinklersandwhenmeasuredperpendicularto
therangepipeshallnotbemorethan0.5timesthespacingbetweentherangepipes.
b.However,wheretheexternalwallsarecombustibleorbuiltwithasbestosandmetaloropensided
andalsoincaseofopenjoistedceilingsorwheretheroofhastheraftersexposed,thedistance
betweentheboundaryandthesprinklersshallnotexceed1.5m.
11.2.3.5
Sidewallsprinklersandstaggeredlayoutfortheinstallationarenotpermittedinhighhazardrisks.
11.3SpacingBelowSprinklerHeads
Aclearspaceof0.5mshallbemaintainedbelowthedeflectorofthesprinklerheadsinallcases
excepthighpiledcombustiblestorageareas/jutestorageandaboveopensuspendedceilingswherethe
clearspacerequiredasaboveshallbe1m.
11.4LocationofSprinklersinRelationtoBuildingStructureandPlant
11.4.1RoofsandCeilings
11.4.1.1Roofsandceilings,withoutbeamsorbays
a.Forconventionalandspraytypeofsprinklers,thesprinklersshallbeinstalledinsuchawaythat
thedeflectorsareatdistancesasshowninTable12.
b.Forsidewallsprinklers,thedeflectorofthesprinklersshallbenotlessthan100mmandnotmore
than150mmbelowtheceiling.
Table12DistanceofDeflectorsfromCeiling
TypeofCeiling
DistanceinMillimetres
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
75
300
150
Combustiblewithexposedraftersand/oropenjoists
75
150
Noncombustibleeitherplaneorarchedorsloping
75
150
150
Combustible,asbestoscementsheets,wiredglassandothertypesoffrangible
elements
11.4.1.2Roofsandceilings,withbeamsbutwithoutbays
a.Incaseofconventionalandspraytypeofsprinklerswhereabeamorjoistissodeepthata
sprinklercannotbelocatedbelowthebeamorjoistasspecifiedinTable12,theyshouldbelocated
abovethebaseofthebeamorjoistatadistancebelowtheceilingandatadistancehorizontalfrom
thebeam/joistasspecifiedinTable13(depthofbeam/joistlessthan300/450mm)(Fig.18).
b.Incaseofsidewallsprinklersanybeamorotherobstructionbelowtheceilingwithintherectangle
centredonthesprinkler,ofdimensionA2BshallnotexceedthedepthasgiveninTable14.
Table13SprinklerLocationinRelationtoBeamsandJoists
(Clause11.4.1.2)
MinimumHorizontalDistancefromSprinklerVertical
AxistotheSideofBeamorJoist(inmm)
(a)
(seealsoFig.18)
MaximumHeightofSprinklerDeflectorAbove(+)or
Below()BottomofBeam(b)orJoist(inmm)
(seealsoFig.18)
ConventionalSprinkler
SpraySprinkler
Installed
Upright
Installed
Pendent
Installed
Upright
Installed
Pendent
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
200
20
1)
1)
1)
400
1)
600
+30
1)
+20
+60
800
+60
1)
+30
+120
1000
+100
200
+50
+200
1200
+140
170
+100
+280
1400
+190
120
+130
+360
1600
+260
30
+160
+470
1800
+390
+170
+180
+670
1)Thesetypesarenotusedatthesehorizontaldistances.
Table14SidewallSprinklerLocationinRelationtoBeams
(Clause11.4.1.2)
DepthofBeam(mm)
MinimumHorizontalDistanceBetweenSprinkler/WalltoBeam(inm)
ParalleltoWallEitherSideofSprinklerDimensionB
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
100
1.8
1.0
100
125
2.1
1.2
125
150
2.4
1.4
150
175
2.7
1.6
175
200
3.0
1.8
NOTEAnyobstructionbelowtheplaneoftheceilingwithinarectangleeithersideofthesprinklerby1.8m
shouldberegardedasaboundary.
26
Fig.18SprinklerLocationRelatingtoBeams
11.4.1.3Roofsandceilings,withbaysand/ordeepbeams
a.Wherethedepthofabeamorjoistexceeds300mmor450mmforcombustibleandnon
combustibleceilingsrespectivelyorothersimilarobstructionsformceilingbayssothat
requirementsunder11.4.1.1cannotbemet,thenthebeamorjoistoranyothersuchobstructions
shallberegardedasaboundary.
b.Wherethedistancebetweencentretocentreofbeamsorjoistsis1.8morless,theabove
parametersdonotholdgoodandreferenceshallbemadewithfullparticulars.
11.5Columns
Asfaraspossible,thesprinklersshallbelocatedawayfromthecolumns.Wherearooforceiling
sprinklerislessthan0.6mfromthefaceofacolumn,anothersprinklershallbelocatednotmorethan2
mfromtheoppositesideofthecolumn.
11.6Girders
a.Wherethetopflangeofagirderisnotmorethan200mminwidth,sprinklersshallbepositioned
eithernotlessthan1.2mfromthesideofthegirderordirectlyabovethegirderwiththedeflector
notlessthan150mmfromthetopfaceofthegirder.
b.Wherethetopflangeofthegirderismorethan200mminwidth,sprinklersshallbepositioned
notlessthan1.2mfromthesideofthegirder.
11.7RoofTrusses
a.Wheretherooftrussmembersarenotmorethan100mmwide,sprinklershallbepositioned
eithernotlessthan0.3mfromthesideofthetrussorequidistantfromeachsideofthetrusswith
thedeflectornotlessthan150mmaboveanytrussmember.
b.Wheretherooftrussmembersaremorethan100mmbutlessthan200mmwide,sprinklershall
bepositionedeithernotlessthan0.6mfromthesideofthetrussorequidistantfromeachsideof
thetrusswiththedeflectornotlessthan150mmaboveanytrussmember.
c.Wheretherooftrussmembersaremorethan200mmwide,sprinklersshallbepositionednotless
than0.6mfromthesidesofthetruss.
11.8ConcealedSpaces
11.8.1RoofSpaces
Spacesbetweenroofsandceilings(includingthoseattheapexesandsidesofbuildings)morethan
0.8mdeepmeasuredbetweenthehighestpointundertheroofandthetopoftheceilingshallbe
sprinklerprotected.
11.8.2IntermediateFloorSpace
Concealedspacesbetweenfloorsandceilingsshallbesprinkleredwheretheyareasfollows:
a.Morethan0.8mdeepor
27
b.Notwhollyofnoncombustibleconstructionor
c.Containingcombustiblematerials.
11.8.3SpaceUnderLowestFloor
Sprinklersshallbeinstalledinallspacesbelowthelowestfloorsinabuildingwheretheflooris
combustibleand:
a.thespaceisaccessibleforstoragepurposeand/orentranceofunauthorizedpersonsand/or
accumulationofwasteanddebrisand/orisnotsealedagainstliquidspillage
b.thespacecontainsutilitypipingandinstallationsuchasair,steam,wiring,shafting,conveyors,etc
and
c.flammableliquidsarestoredinthefloorabove.
11.8.4BinsandSilos
Wheretheareaofthebinsandsilosexceed9m2andwherethesamearedetached,sprinklers
shouldbeprovidedinsidethebinsandsiloscontainingsawdust,woodflour,pulverizedcoalandsimilar
ignitablematerials.Careshallbeexercisedtoensurethatformaterialswhichtendtoswellunderwater
andburst,referenceshallbemadewithfullparticulars.
11.8.5Corn,Rice,ProvenderandOilMills
a.Asprinklershouldbefittedattheheadofeachdusttrunk.Sprinklersshallbeinstalledatnotmore
than3mapartinalldusttrunkswhichareconstructedofcombustiblematerialsandwhichare
installedatmorethan30fromthevertical.
b.Tiersofcyclones(centrifuges),orsimilarplant,separatedbylessthan1mshallbeprotectedby
sprinklersintheinterspaceasshowninFig.19.
11.8.6Elevators,RopeorStrapRaces,GearingBoxesandDustReceivers
a.Elevators,otherthanpneumaticelevatorsorslowmovingendlesschain,ring,looporfork
elevatorscapableofoperatingonlywhentheelevatorisfull,shallbefittedwithasprinkler.The
sprinklershallbeintheboxatthetop,locatedtodischargeovertheheadandbothlegsorshaftsof
theelevator.
b.Ropeorstrapraces,gearingboxesandenclosedshaftmachinedrivesofcombustibleconstruction
orcommunicatingbetweenfloors,shallbefittedwithinternalsprinklers.
c.Dustcyclonesanddustcollectionchambersandboxeseitherinsidetheprotectedbuildingor
outsideanddirectlyaboveanyprotectedbuildingwithacombustibleroof,shallbefittedwith
internalsprinklers.
d.Thetrunkingsconnectingthedustcollectionchamberstotheprotectedbuildingwithin10mshall
beprotectedwithsprinklers.
11.8.7Escalators
Sprinklersshallbeinstalledinthefollowingareas:
a.Inthepassengercarryingspace
b.Belowtheceiling
c.Betweentheceilingbelowtheescalatorandthepassengercarryingspace
d.Intheescalatorbootand
e.Inthemotorareas.
11.8.8Hoists,LiftWellsandEnclosedChutesThroughtheFloors
Theaboveareas,ifnotsegregatedfromthemainbuildingsinwhichtheyarelocated,shallbe
sprinklered.
11.8.9MachineryPitsandProductionLines
Machinerypitsinwhichcombustiblewastesmayaccumulateandtheundersidesoftheproduction
linesshallbesprinklered.
Fig.19ProtectionOfTieredConicalPlant,e.g.,CycloneDustCollector
28
11.8.10EnclosedPaintLines,DryingOvensandDryingEnclosures
Theareasshallbesprinkleredontheinsideandsidewallsprinklersmaybeconsideredforthese
areas.
11.9ObstructionBelowSprinklers
11.9.1
Sprinklersshallbefittedunderthefollowingtypesofobstructionswhichareeither:(a)morethan
0.8mwideandlessthan150mmfromtheadjacentwallsorpartitions,or(b)morethan1mwide.
Internaloverheadplatforms,heatingpanels,galleries,walkways,stagingsotherthaninfilmor
televisionstudiosandstairsandstairwaysunlessspecificallyexcepted.
11.9.2Ducts
Sprinklersshallbefittedbelowtheductsunderthefollowingcircumstances:
a.Rectangularandmorethan0.8mwideandlessthan150mmfromtheadjacentwallsor
partitions
b.Circularandmorethan1mindiameterandlessthan150mmfromtheadjacentwallsor
partitions
c.Rectangularandmorethan1minwidthand
d.Circularandmorethan1mindiameter.
11.9.3HoodsOverPaperMakingMachines
Sprinklersshallbefittedunderthehoodsorshieldsoverthedryendsofabovemachines.Ifthere
isanenclosures,sidewallsprinklersarerecommended.
11.9.4StorageRacks
Sprinklersshouldbefittedtoprotectthestorageinracks.
11.9.5Worktables
Sprinklersshallbefittedundertheworktableswherethereisapowersourceorwherecombustible
processwastemayaccumulate.
11.9.6SuspendedCeilings
Forprotectingthesuspendedimperforateoropenceilingswithsprinklers,theprotectionneeds
specialconsiderationsduetoseveralfactorslikecombustibilityoftheroofmaterial,behaviourunderfire
conditions,structuralintegrity,etc.
11.10Canopies
Canopiesthatarenoncombustibleandlessthan2mfromthewallofthebuildingneednotbe
protectedwithsprinklersprovidedcutoffsprinklersarefittedatthedooropeningsleadingtothe
canopies.However,underothercircumstances,theundersideofthecanopiesshallbefittedwith
sprinklers.
11.11ExteriorDocksandPlatforms
Sprinklersshallbefittedundertheexteriordocksandplatformsofcombustibleconstruction
unlesssuchspacesaresealedagainstaccumulationofdebrisandwaste.
11.12SprinklerProtectionforSpecificHazards
11.12.1FilmandTelevisionProductionStudios
Sprinklersshallbefittedundersolidorslatedplatforms(exceptthoseusedfortemporary
platforms,etc,forsetsbutincludingthoseforlightingandotherequipment)ifthesearemorethan0.8m
wideandalsoforwalkways,connectingstairsincludingthoseusedforlightingandotherequipment.
Sprinklersshallalsobefittedinconcealedspacesorcavitiesmorethan100mmdeepbetween
combustibleliningsandwalls/roofs.
11.12.2TheatresandSimilarPremises
Inadditiontothesprinklersintherooforceiling,sprinklersshallbefittedunderthegrid,theflies,
thestageandanyotherobstructiontothedischargefromtherooforceilingsprinklers.Careshallbe
exercisedinsitingthesprinklersandassociatedpipeworkincasewheremovingsetsareinvolvedandalso
wherepersonnelhavetoworkinthecloseproximityofthesprinklers.
11.12.3ComputerandSimilarEDPAreas
Preactionsprinklerinstallationisrecommendedforabovetypeofriskskeepinginmindtheeffect
ofwaterdischargeonsuchrisks
11.12.4PlasticRoofLights
SprinklersshallnotbeinstalleddirectlybelowrooflightsofPVCorplasticsofsimilarthermal
behaviourandshallonlybeinstalledwhere(a)theareaofrooflightdoesnotexceed5m2,(b)thedistance
betweentheindividualrooflightsisnotlessthan1.8m,and(c)thetotalareaofrooflightsinanybuilding
orinthosecommunicatingtherewithdoesnotexceed15%oftheplanareaofsuchbuilding(s).
11.13IntermediateLevelSprinklers
Forhighhazardstorageinracks,shelves,etc,protectionbyrowsofintermediatesprinklersis
mandatory,ifstorageheightsarebeyondthelimitsspecifiedin9.1.5.2and9.1.5.3(Tables4and5).The
requirementsfortheaboveprovisionsareasgivenin11.3.1to11.3.4.
11.13.1
Thelocationofsprinklersshallbesuchthattheyarenotobstructedbyracksorstructuralsteel
workandasfaraspossible,theyareinthepathoflongitudinalfluespace.Thedischargeofwatershallbe
abletopenetratethegoodsstoredintheracks.Theclearancebetweenthesprinklerdeflectorsandthe
storedgoodsshallnotbelessthan150mmanywhere.
29
Thenumberofrowsaredeterminedbytheheightoftheracksand/orshelves.
11.13.2
Thehorizontalspacing(longitudinal)betweensprinklersshallnotexceed3.5mforCategoryI/II
goodsand1.8mforCategoryIII/IVgoods.Laterallyforevery3mwidthoftheracks(includingtwo
rackswhenstoredbacktoback),thereshallbeonesprinkler.
11.13.3
Theverticalspacingbetweensprinklersshallnotexceed3m.Ifthetoptieroftheracksiswithin3
moftheroofsprinklers,toptierneednotbeprotectedwithintermediatesprinklers.
11.13.4
Thelocationofintermediatesprinklersshallbesuchthattheproductofthehorizontalandvertical
spacingbetweensprinklersisnotmorethan9m2forCategoryI/IIstoragegoodsand5m2forCategory
III/IVstoragegoods.
12PIPESIZINGANDSPRINKLERSARRAYDESIGN
12.1GeneralRequirements
12.1.1SupplyMains
Thenominalsizeofsupplytrunkmainsandbranchmainsshallbenotlessthanthesizeofany
installationmaindistributionpipe,atitsmaininstallationcontrolvalve,suppliedbythetrunkmain.
12.1.2InstallationPipework
Individualsprinklersshallnotbeconnecteddirectlytodistributionandmaindistributionpipes,
exceptinthecaseoflighthazardinstallationswheresprinklermaybeconnecteddirectlytopipesnot
exceeding50mmnominalbore.
12.1.3
Inmoderateorhighhazardinstallationsarmpipesordroppipesnotexceeding32mmnominal
boreshallbeusedtoconnectindividualsprinklerswherethesearefedfrompipeslargerthan65mm
nominalbore.
12.1.4
Whereuprightorpendentconventionalorspraysprinklersarefittedwithin400mmofthepipe
axisalongsideapipeofnominalsizegreaterthan65mm,thedeflectorshallbenotmorethanthe
appropriatedistancegiveninTable15abovetheloweredgeofthepipe.
12.2OrificePlates
12.2.1
Anorificeplateusedtohydraulicallybalanceaninstallation,ortoaccommodatepump
characteristic,shall:
a.haveanorificediameternotlessthanonehalfoftheinternaldiameterofthepipeintowhichitis
fitted
b.befittedonlyinpipesof50mmnominalboreorgreater
c.beofbrassorstainlesssteelwithaplaincentralholewithoutburrs,andofathicknesscomplying
withTable16
d.haveanidentificationtag,projectingbeyondanyflangesbetweenwhichitisclamped,onwhichis
clearlystampedthenominalpipediameterandtheorificeKfactor.
12.2.2
Theorificeplateshallbefittednotlessthantwopipeinternaldiametersdownstreamoftheoutlet
fromanyelboworbend.
12.2.3
Therelationshipbetweenorificesize,flowrateandthepressurelossshallbecalculatedusingthe
datagiveninTables32and33.
Table15LocationofSprinklersAlongsideFeedPipesLargerThan65mmNominalSize
(Clause12.1.4)
MinimumHorizontalDistancefromPipeCentre
LinetotheSprinklerCentreLine(mm)
MaximumHeightofSprinklerDeflectorAboveLowerEdgeofPipe
(mm)
ConventionalSprinkler
InstalledUpright
SpraySprinklerUpright/Pendentand
ConventionalSprinklerPendent
(1)
(2)
(3)
100
00
17
200
17
40
400
34
100
NOTEDimensionsmaybeinterpolated.
Table16OrificePlateThicknessAccordingtoPipeNominalBorePipeNominalBore
(Clause12.2.1)
PipeNominalBore
(mm)
Over
NotGreaterthan
OrificePlateThickness
(mm)
80
80
150
150
200
12.3ConcealedSpaces
12.3.1ProtectioninConcealedSpaces
Wherethereareconcealedspacesaboveceilingsorbelowfloors,andwherethespacebelowthe
ceilingorabovethefloorisclassifiedasmoderateorhighhazardforwhichprotectionisspecifiedin
11.8,theconcealedspacesshallbeprotectedasfollows:
a.iftheconcealedspacecontainsonlywaterpipes,electricwiringorairconditioningtrunkingof
30
noncombustiblematerialby10mmsprinklerswithamaximumareaofcoverage21m2per
sprinklerandadesigndensitydischargedof5mm/minor
b.otherwiseasspecifiedformoderatehazard.
ThemaximumareaofsprinklercoverageandpipeworkdesignshallbeasgiveninTable17.
12.3.2
Thefeedpipetothesprinklersintheconcealedspaceshallbearrangedandsizedasfollows.
12.3.2.1Lighthazard
Theconcealedspaceaboveorbelowshallbeprotectedbyaseparatepipefromtheinstallation
valve.
12.3.2.2Moderatehazard
Iftheconcealedspaceaboveaprecalculatedinstallationarefedindividuallyfromthepipework
below,therangeanddistributionpipesintheinstallationshallbesizedbytakingtheroomandconcealed
spacesprinklerscumulatively.Alternativelyiftwofeedpipesareused,onefortheconcealedspaceand
onefortheroomsprinklers,thecommonfeedpipeshallhaveanominalboreofnotlessthan65mm.
Theconcealedspacebelowaprecalculatedinstallationshallbefedbytwofeedpipes,oneforthe
concealedspaceandonefortheroomsprinklers,thecommonfeedpipeshouldhaveanominalboreof
notlessthan65mm.
12.3.2.3Highhazard
Iftheconcealedspaceaboveorbelowaprecalculatedinstallationshallbefedbyaseparatefeed
pipefromthatfeedingthesprinklersintheroom.Theconcealedsprinklerfeedpipeshallbeconnected
outsidetheroombetweentheinstallationvalvesetandany48sprinklerdesignpointforahighhazard
sprinklerarrayoutsidetheroomconcerned.
12.3.2.4Fullyhydraulicallycalculatedinstallation
Thepressureandflowcharacteristicsoftheinstallationshallbesatisfactoryundereachofthe
followingoperatingconditions:
a.WhentheappropriatedensityandAMAOareneededwhollyintheroom.
b.WhentheappropriatedensityandtheAMAOgiveninTable17areneededwhollyintheconcealed
space.
12.4PrecalculatedSprinklerArrays
12.4.1General
12.4.1.1
Thesizeofdistributionfeedpipes,includinginlighthazardinstallationsanywhicharepartly
rangepipesbecauseofthethreesprinklerlimitation,shallbeasspecifiedinthetablesfromtheterminal
point(s)uptothedesignpoint(s).
12.4.1.2
Thefeedpipebetweentheinstallationmaincontrolvalvesandthedesignpointshallbe
hydraulicallycalculatedonthebasisofamaximumflowloss,correctedforstaticheadgainfordesign
pointsnotatthehighestlevel,ataparticularflowrate.
12.4.1.3
Wherethenumberofsprinklersinanarrayinaroom,orinanareaprotectedbyadistinctgroup
ofsprinklershavingitsowndistributionpipespur,islessthanorequaltothenumberofsprinklersfor
whichthedistributionpipesarehydraulicallydesigned,thedesignpointshallbepositionedatthepointof
connectiontothedistributionpipeoftherangeofthe
Table17SprinklerProtectionofConcealedSpaces
(Clause12.3.1)
ClassofProtectionin
Room
ConcealedSpacePipeworkDesign
ConcealedSpaceMaximumAreaperSprinkler,
orTreatasHazardClassListed(inm2 )
Pipework
Design
Method
Hazard
Class
NominalSizeasfor
HazardClassListed
AMAOasfor
HazardClass
Listed
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
Precalculated
Light
Light
Light
Moderate
Moderate
Moderate
High
Moderate
Moderate
21
Moderate
Fully
Light
Light
Light
calculated
Moderate
Moderate
21
Moderate
Moderate
Moderate
21
Moderate
Moderate
High
31
21
Moderate
arraywhichishydraulicallynearesttotheinstallationcontrolvalves.
12.4.1.4
Wherethenumberofsprinklersinanarrayinaroomonadistributionpipeterminalspurexceeds
thenumberforwhichthedistributionpipesarehydraulicallydesigned,thedesignpointshallbe
positionedatthepointofconnectiontotherangeorrangesimmediatelyupstreamofthegroupofranges
containingnotmorethanthemaximumspecifiednumberofsprinklersbeyondthedesignpoint.
12.4.1.5
Risersordrops,connectingrangestodistributionpipesandpipeslongerthan300mmconnecting
singlesprinklerstodistributionpipes,shallbeconsideredtobedistributionpipesandsizedaccordingly.
Thedesignpointshallbepositionedatthepointofconnectionoftheriser,droporsinglesprinklerpipe
tothehorizontaldistributionpiperunwhendesigningthehydraulicallydeterminedlengthoffeedpipe.
12.4.1.6
Pipediametersshallnotincreaseinthedirectionofflowofwatertoanysprinkler.
12.4.2LightHazard
12.4.2.1Rangeandterminalspurdistributionpipes
Thenominalsizeofrangepipeandterminaldistributionpipes,i.e.,distributionpipesdownstream
ofthedesignpoint,shallbeasgiveninTable18.
NOTEItispossibleonlyunderlighthazardrisksthatsprinklerscanbefeddirectly
fromthedistributionpipes.
12.4.2.2Distributionpipes(otherthanterminalspurs)
Allpipeworkbetweentheinstallationmaincontrolvalvesandthedesignpointateachextremityof
aninstallationarrayatthehighestlevelshallbesizedbyhydrauliccalculationusingthevaluesofTables
19and20.
12.4.2.3Designpoint
Normallyitshallbetwosprinklerpoint.However,underthefollowingcircumstances,itshallbe
threesprinklerpoint(seeFig.20):
a.Iftherangepipecatersto4ormoresprinklersand
b.Whentherangepiperunsalongtheapexoftheridgeroofor
Fig.20DesignPointsinAL.H.Installation
32
c.Whentherangepipeistheonlylinealonganarrowroomorcorridor.
12.4.2.4
Maximumnumberofsprinklersthatcanbefedfromarangepipeshallnotbemorethansix.
12.4.2.5
Thepressurelossbetweenthedesignpointandtheentrypointfromthedistributionpipetothe
range(wheremorethantwosprinklersareprovidedintherange)shallbecalculatedasperTable20
(columnA).
12.4.2.6
Thepressurelossfromtheentrypointassaidaboveattheextremityoftheinstallationandthe
installationvalveshallbecalculatedasperTable20(columnB).
12.4.2.7
Incaseofsprinklersindifferentlevelsinthesamerisk,allowancecanbegiventothestatic
pressuregaininthesuccessivelevelsbelowthetopmostlevel.Thenominalsizeofthedistributionpipe
shallhowevernotbelessthantheminimumsizespecifiedinTable18fortherangepipefedfromthe
designpoint.
12.4.2.8
Thelayoutofthesprinklerinstallationshould,byandlarge,conformtothemethodshowninFig.
20.
Table18LightHazardRangeandTerminalDistributionPipeSizes
(Clause12.4.2.1)
Pipe
(1)
Size(mm)
(2)
MaximumLength(inm)
(3)
MaximumNumberofSprinklers1)AllowedonthePipeSizeStated
(4)
Steel
20
25
N.A.
1)Thelimitof3sprinklersdoesnotprecludetheuseof25mmpipebetweenthe2/3sprinklerdesignpointandthe
installationvalveifhydrauliccalculationshowsitispossiblenordoesitfollowthat25mmpipemaybeused
betweenthe3rdand4thsprinklerswherethetwosprinklerpointisthedesignpoint.
Table19MaximumPipeFlowLossBetweenEachDesignPointandtheInstallation
ControlValveinLightHazardInstallation
(Clause12.4.2.2)
DesignPoint
(1)
MaximumFrictionLossIncluding
ChangesofDirection(Bars)
(2)
Distributionand
RangePipeLoss
(3)
0.9
SeeColumnsAand
Twosprinklerpoint
BofTable20
Threesprinklerpoint
0.7
SeeColumnBof
Table20
Twosprinklerpointinanarrowroomorrangeatroofapex
0.7
eachwithaanglelineofthreesprinklers
SeeColumnBof
Table20
Table20PressureLossPerUnitLengthforDesignFlowRatesinLightHazard
Installation
(Clause12.4.2.2)
PipeMaterial
NominalSize(mm)
ColumnA
ColumnB
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
25
44.0
200.0
32
12.0
51.0
40
5.5
25.0
50
1.7
7.8
63
0.5
2.2
Steel[IS1239(Part1)]
PressureLossPerUnitLength(inmBar/m)
NOTES
1.Theequivalentlengthofanelbow,bendorleewherethewateristurnedthroughanangleshallbetakenas2
minusingthedataorinusingTable30orTable31.
2.WhereheavygradesteelasperIS1239(Part1)isused,flowrateshallbetakenas100l/minforcolumnB.
2.WhereheavygradesteelasperIS1239(Part1)isused,flowrateshallbetakenas100l/minforcolumnB.
12.4.3ModerateHazard
12.4.3.1Rangepipeandterminaldistributionpipesizes
ThesizeofthenominalboresshallbeasshowninTable21.
Table21RangePipeNominalSizesforVariousPipeLayoutsinModerateHazardInstallations
RangePipeLayout
(1)
PipeNominalBore
(mm)
(2)
a) Rangesatremoteendofeachdistribution
MaximumNumberofSprinklerstobeFedbyPipe
ofSizeListed
(3)
pipespur:
1) Lasttworangesintwoendsidelayout
25
32
2) Lastthreerangesinthreeendside
25
layout
32
3) Lastrangeinallotherlayouts
25
32
40
50
b) Allotherranges
25
32
40
50
12.4.3.2
Asinglesprinklershallbefedbypipeofnotlessthan25mmnominalbore.
12.4.3.3
Thereshallbenotmorethansixsprinklersonanyrange,includingapexrangewheretheranges
rununderarooflongitudinally,slopingatananglethatisgreaterthan6.
12.4.3.4Distributionpipe(exceptterminalpipe)
Themaindistributionanddistributionpipes(includingallrisersanddrops)betweenthehighest
33
designpointandtheinstallationvalveshallbesizedbyhydrauliccalculationbasedonTable22.
Themaximumfrictionlossshallnotexceed0.5barsataflowrateof1000l/min.Thedistributionpipes
downstreamthedesignpointshallcomplywithsizesstatedinTable23.Thelayoutoftheinstallation
shall,byandlarge,beinthesamefashionasshowninFig.21(particularlyforlargeinstallations)to
enablehydraulicbalance.
Table22PressureLossPerUnitLengthforDesignFlowRatesinModerateHazardInstallation
PipeNominalBore[IS1239(Part1),Medium]
(mm)
(1)
PressureLossPerUnitLength
(mbar/m)
(2)
65
35
80
16
100
4.4
150
0.65
200
0.16
NOTES
1.Theequivalentlengthofanelbow,bendorteewherethewateristurnedthroughanangleshallbetakenas3
mwhenusingthedataorinusingTable30orTable31.
2.WhereheavygradesteelasperIS1239(Part1)isused,flowrateshallbetakenas10001/mtn.
Precalculateddistributionpipenominalboresdownstreamofthedesignpointshallcomplywith
Table23.
Table23DistributionPipeNominalSizesinModerateHazardInstallationsandMaximum
NumberofSprinklersDownstreamofDesignPoint
(Clause12.4.3.4)
PipeLayout
(1)
DistributionPipeNominalSize
(mm)
(2)
MaximumNumberofSprinklerstobeFedbyPipeListed
Below
(3)
a) Twoendside
32
40
50
65
16
b) Allother
32
types
40
50
65
181)
1)Thisdoesnotprecludetheuseof65mmnominalborepipebetweenthe16/18sprinklerpointandthe
installationvalvesifhydraulicallyfoundinorder.
12.4.3.5
Thefeedpipeforalltheotherdesignpoints(exceptthehighestdesignpoint)shallbesimilarly
sizedbyhydrauliccalculation.Incaseoffrictionlossinanypartofthefeedpipenotcommonwiththat
feedingthehighestdesignpoint,allowancecanbegiventothestaticpressuregaininthesuccessivelevels
belowthetopmostlevel.Thenominalsizeofthedistributionpipeshallhowevernotbelessthanthe
minimumsizespecifiedinTable23fortherangepipefedfromthedesignpoint.
12.4.3.6Designpoint
Thedesignpointshallbe16sprinklerpointfortwoendsidesprinklerrangepipeandthe18
sprinklerpointforallotherlayouts(seeFig.21).
12.4.4HighHazard
12.4.4.1Rangepipeandterminaldistributionpipesizes
RangepipesandnominalboresshallbeasgiveninTable24orTable25dependingonthe
sprinklernominalsizeandthetableinwhichthewatersupplypressureflowcharacteristicisspecified
(i.e.Tables6,7,8or9).
Table24RangePipeNominalSizesforVariousPipeLayoutsforHighHazardInstallationswith
Sprinklersof15mmNominalBoreandPressureFlowCharacteristicsasGiveninTables6or7
RangePipeLayout(mm)
(1)
a) Rangesatremoteendofeachdistribution
PipeNominal
Size(mm)
(2)
MaximumNumberofSprinklerstobeFedby
PipeListed
(3)
pipespur:
1) Lasttworangesintwoendsidelayout
25
32
i) Lastthreerangesintwoendside
25
32
layout
ii) Lastrangeinallotherlayouts
25
32
40
b) Allotherranges
25
32
12.4.4.2
Norangepipeshallconnecttoadistributionpipeexceeding150mmnominalbore.
12.4.4.3
Precalculateddistributionpipenominalboresdownstreamofthedesignpointshallbeasgivenin
Table26orTable27dependinguponthesprinklerheadnominalsizeandthetableinwhichthewater
supplypressureflowcharacteristicisspecified(i.e.,Tables6,7,8or9).
12.4.4.4Distributionpipeupstreamofthedesignpoint
Themaindistributionanddistributionpipesbetweeneachsprinklerdesignpointandthe
installationvalveshallbesizedbyhydrauliccalculationusingthepipefrictionlossperunitlengthgivenin
Table28fortheflowspecifiedin9.2.3.2.
34
Table25RangePipeNominalSizesforVariousPipesLayoutsforHighHazard
InstallationswithSprinklersof15mmNominalBoreandPressureFlowCharacteristics
asGiveninTable8orof20mmNominalSizeandPressureFlowCharacteristicsasGiven
inTable9
(Clause12.4.4.1)
RangePipeLayout
PipeNominal
MaximumNumberofSprinklerstobeFedby
RangePipeLayout
(1)
a) Endsidearrangements
PipeNominal
Size(mm)
(2)
40
50
65
32
40
50
65
1) Lastthreeranges
MaximumNumberofSprinklerstobeFedby
PipeListed
(3)
2) Otherranges
b) Endcentrearrangements
1) Twoendcentrelayout
2) Threeandfourendcentrelayouts,all
i)
ii)
Lastthreeranges
Otherranges
ranges
32
40
32
21)
32
40
50
1)32mmfeedtoeach.
Table26DistributionPipeNominalSizesforVariousNumbersofSprinklersDownstream
oftheDesignPointinHighHazardInstallationswithSprinklersof15mmNominalBore
andPressureFlowCharacteristicsasGiveninTable6
(Clause12.4.4.3)
DistributionPipeNominalPSizeListed(mm)
(1)
MaximumNumberofSprinklerstobeFedbythePipeofSize
(2)
32
40
50
65
12
80
18
100
481)
1)Thisdoesnotprecludetheuseof100mmnominalsizepipebetweenthedesignpointandtheinstallationvalve
ifitispossiblebyhydrauliccalculationrequirements(12.4.4.4).
Table27DistributionPipeNominalSizesforFeedingVariousNumbersofSprinklers
DownstreamoftheDesignPointintheHighHazardInstallationswithSprinklersof15
mmNominalSizeandPressureFlowCharacteristicsasGiveninTables7or8or
Sprinklersof20mmNominalSizeandPressureFlowCharacteristicsasGiveninTable9
(Clause12.4.4.3)
RangePipeLayout
(1)
DistributionPipeNominalSize(nm)
(2)
MaximumNumberofSprinklerstobeFedbyPipeListed
(3)
Fourendsidelayout
65
Allotherlayouts
50
65
80
12
100
16
150
481)
1)Thisdoesnotprecludetheuseof100mmnominalsizepipebetweenthedesignpointandtheinstallationvalve
ifitispossiblebyhydrauliccalculationrequirements.
Table28PressureLossPerUnitLengthofPipeforDesignFlowRatesinHighHazard
Installations
(Clause12.4.4.4)
Flow
Rate
l/min
PressureLossPerUnitLength(inmBar/m)
100mmNominalSize
NominalSizeMedium
GradePipe[IS1239(Part
1)]
150mmNominalSize
NominalSizeMedium
GradePipe[IS1239(Part
1)]
200mmNominalSize
NominalSizeMedium
GradePipe[IS1239(Part
1)]
250mmNominalSize
NominalSizeMedium
GradePipe[IS1239(Part
1)]
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
2800
34
5.1
1.3
0.43
4550
72
11.0
2.7
0.90
5600
115
16.0
4.1
1.40
6750
160
23.0
5.8
1.85
9000
250
36.0
9.1
3.00
NOTES
1.Whereothergradesofpipesareused,pressurelossdatashouldaccordinglybechanged.
2.Theequivalentlengthofanelbow,bendorteewherethewateristurnedthroughanangleshouldbetakenas
3mwhenusingthedataorinusingTables30or31.
12.4.4.5Designpoint
Thedesignpointshallbethe48sprinklerpointorifappropriateasspecifiedin9.2.3.2,9.2.3.3
or12.4.1.3(seeFig.23,24,25)
12.4.4.6
Thehighestsprinklershallbeeitherdownstreamofasprinklerdesignpointorinanarraywithits
ownterminatingdistributionspur.
12.4.4.7
Thelayoutofthesprinklerinstallationshall,byandlarge,conformtothemethodsshowninFig.
22,23,24.
35
Fig.21DesignPointsInAnOHInstallation
12.4.4.8
Thepressurelossinthedistributionpipetoanyparticularsectionoftheinstallationvalve,shallbe
adjustedtothatneededtomatchthewatersupplycharacteristicbyeither
a.suitablysizingthedistributionpipespurfeedingtheparticularsectionwhenthedistributionpipe
nominalsizeshallnotbelessthanthatofthefirstlength,sizedbythepipetables,ofdistribution
pipedownstreamofthedesignpointtowhichitisconnected,or
b.fittinganorificeplatecomplyingwith12.2intheparticulardistributionpipe(seeFig.23,24,25).
12.5IntermediateLevelInRackSprinklers
12.5.1
Wheremorethan50intermediatelevelsprinklersareinstalledintheracks,roofand/orceiling
sprinklersintheconcernedareaalongwiththeintermediatelevelsprinklersshallbeinstalledwitha
separateinstallationcontrolvalveset.
12.5.2
Forhydrauliccalculationpurpose,itshallbeassumedthatminimumofthreesprinklersare
operatingsimultaneouslyoneachleveluptoamaximumofthreelevelsatthehydraulicallyremote
position.Theminimumoperatingpressureinanysprinklershallnotbelessthan2bars.
12.5.3
Inracksprinklersinassociationwiththeceilingsprinklersshallalwaysbefullycalculatedforthe
purposeofhydraulics.
12.5.4
Areascoveredbyindividualsprinklersinlargearraysforstandardlayoutandstaggeredlayoutare
showninFig.26.
12.5.5
Sprinklersnotconstitutingafullrangeorrangepairshallbegroupedascloseaspossibletothe
distributionpipeonthenextupstreamrangerowtotherectangulararea(seeFig.27).
36
Fig.22DesignPointsinHighHazardInstallationwithPipeworkSizedfromTables32and33
13MISCELLANEOUSDESIGNPARAMETERS
13MISCELLANEOUSDESIGNPARAMETERS
13.1HydraulicCalculationandPipeSizing
13.1.1
Pipesizeandlayoutshallbebasedoneither:
a.fullhydrauliccalculationinwhichcasethebasichydraulicperformanceshallbeasspecifiedin8,
i.e.,underDesigndensityandAMAO.
Notwithstandingthedensityrequirementsasstatedinthissection,norooforceilingsprinklersina
fullyhydraulicallydesignedsystemshalldischargeatapressurelessthantherequiredasshownin
Table29.
b.precalculatedinstallation(notincludingintermediatesprinklers),thepipesizingtableswith
hydrauliccalculationofportionsofthefeedpipeworkasspecifiedin12.4.2or12.4.3or12.4.4
accordingtotheclassofhazard.
c.Anyextensiontoaprecalculatedinstallationshallnotbefullyhydraulicallycalculated.
Table29MinimumSprinklerDischargePressureatAnySprinklerinFullyHydraulically
CalculatedInstallations
(Clause13.1.1)
HazardClass
(1)
MinimumPressureatAnyDischargingSprinkler(bar)
(2)
Light
0.70
Moderate
0.35
High
0.50
Inracksprinklers
2.00
13.2CalculationofPipeworkLosses
13.2.1
Thestaticpressuredifferencebetweentwointerconnectingpointsinasystemshallbecalculated
from:
Staticpressuredifference()=0.1h(bar),
whereh=verticaldistancebetweenthepointsinmetres.
37
Fig.23DesignPointsinHighHazardInstallationwithPipeworkSizedfromTables32and34
13.2.2PipeFrictionLoss
FrictionalpressurelossinpipesshallbecalculatedfromtheHazenWilliamsformulaasunder:
where
p
lossofpressurepermetrelengthofpipe(bar)
flowratethroughthepipe(inl/min)
meanboreofthepipe(inm)
aconstantforthetypeandconditionofpipe
equivalentlengthofpipeandfittings(inm)
ThefollowingvaluesshallbeusedforCinsprinklerinstallationsforcalculationpurpose:
Castiron
100
Mildsteel
120
Galvanizedsteel
120
13.2.3FittingsandValveFrictionalLosses
Frictionallossesinvalvesandfittingswherethedirectionofwaterflowischangedthrough45or
moreshouldbecalculatedbytheformulastatedin13.2.2aboveusingtheappropriateequivalentlength
giveninTable30.
13.2.4
Theeffectofvelocityheadcanbeignoredforthepurposeofhydrauliccalculation.
13.2.5
Thesizeofrangepipeshallnotbelessthan25mmandalsotheminimumpressureshallnotbe
lowerthanthosespecifiedin13.1.1.
13.3MaximumFlowDemandCalculationforaFullyHydraulicallyCalculated
Installation
38
Fig.24DesignPointsinaHighHazardInstallationwithPipeworkSizedfromTables34and35
13.3.1
ThedatumpointforpressuresandheightsshallnotbedownstreamfromthecontrolvalveC
gauge.
13.3.2
Atanypressure(P),theflowdemand(Q)oftheinstallationshallberegardedasthesumof:
a.theflowtotheceilingorroofsprinklerswiththeAMAOinthehydraulicallymostfavourable
locationplus
b.theflowtoanynonrackintermediatesprinklersassociatedwith(a)plus
c.thesimultaneoushydraulicallybalancedflowtoanyrackorshelfsprinklersintheirspecified
numberandhydraulicallymostfavourablelocation.
13.3.3
Thepressureflowdemandcharacteristicsoftheinstallationshallbedeterminedeither:
a.bycalculation(asstatedin13.3.2)ofsufficientvaluesofQtodeterminetheinterceptofthe
installationcharacteristicsofthecurvewiththewatersupplycharacteristiccurveor
b.bycalculation(asstatedin13.3.2)ofasinglevalueofQfromtheequation:
P=Po+0.1(h)(Q/Qo)20.1(h),
where
P
= pressureatflowQmeasuredatthedatumpointinbar.
Po = pressurecorrespondingtothecalculatedinstallationflowdemandmeasuredatthedatum
pointinbar.
Q = flowdemandatpressurePinl/min.
Qo = calculatedinstallationflowdemandinl/minforpressurePo.
h
= heightofthehighestsprinklerintheAMAOunderconsiderationabovethedatumpointinm.
Byextrapolatingthepressureflowdemandgraphtointersectthewatersupplypressureflow
characteristic,QMaxcanbedetermined.
13.3.4
Themaximumflowdemand(QMax)shallberegardedasthepointofintersectionofthepressure
39
Fig.25AreaCoveredbyIndividualSprinklersWhereLessThanFourSprinklersareinOpen
Communication
flowdemandcharacteristicoftheinstallationandthecharacteristicofthepumpeitheratlow
waterlevelorwhenthereservoirisfullwhicheverishigher(seeFig.28).
Table30EquivalentLengthofFittingsandValves
(Clause13.2.3)
Fittings&Valves
EquivalentLengthofMediumGradeSteelPipe(inm)AccordingtoIS1239(Part1)(C=
120)forDiameterinmmEqualto
50
65
80
100
150
200
250
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
Screwedelbow90
1.46
1.89
2.37
3.04
4.30
5.67
7.42
Weldedelbow90
0.69
0.88
1.10
1.43
2.00
2.64
3.35
Screwedelbow45
0.76
1.02
1.27
1.61
2.30
3.05
3.89
Allotherfittings
2.91
3.81
4.75
6.10
8.61
11.34
13.85
Gatevalve
0.38
0.51
0.63
0.81
1.13
1.50
1.97
AlarmvalveNR.valve
3.94
5.07
7.17
9.40
12.30
AlarmvalveNR.valve
119.71
5.36
35.88
47.27
61.85
Butterflyvalve
2.19
2.86
3.55
4.56
6.38
8.62
9.90
Globevalve
6.43
21.64
126.80
34.48
48.79
64.29
84.11
(mushroom)
NOTES
1.Theequivalentlengthscanbeconvertedasnecessaryforpipesofcastironbymultiplyingtheabovevalues
by0.714.
2.Theequivalentlengthforsizessmallerthan50mmareprovidedinTable31.
Table31EquivalentLengthofFittingsandValves
(Clause13.3.2)
Fittings
(1)
EquivalentLength(inm)ofMediumGradeSteelPipe(inm)AccordingtoIS1239(Part1)(C=120)for
DiameterinmmEqualto:
(2)
Screwedelbow
(3)
(4)
25
32
40
0.771)
1.04
1.22
0.36 1)
0.49
0.56
0.401)
0.55
0.66
1.54
2.13
2.44
90
Weldedelbow
90
Screwedelbow
45
Allother
fittings
1)Itisrecommendedtoavoid,asfaraspossible,25mmsizedelbowsintheinstallation.
13.3.5
Atthemaximumflowdemand,thepressureatthedatumpointshallnotbelessthanPo,i.e.,
pressurecorrespondingtothecalculatedinstallationflowdemandmeasuredatthedatumpointinbar.
13.4MaximumPressureDemandCalculationforaFullyHydraulically
CalculatedInstallation
Thecalculationshallbeasfollows:
Pressureflowcalculationshallbemadefortheminimumallowabledensityfromthemostremote
groupoffoursprinklersintheAMAOhydraulicallymostremotefromtheinstallationvalves(see9.1,
9.2,9.3and13.5.4).Wheretherearebothrooforceilingsprinklersandintermediatesprinklers,the
truehydraulicallymostunfavourablelocationsofeachinstallationshouldbetakentogether,irrespective
oftheiractuallocationsinthebuilding.Theresultcanbe
40
Fig.26AreaCoveredbyIndividualSprinklers(LargeArrays)
extrapolatedontothewatersupplypressureflowcharacteristicscurveofthepumpasstatedin
13.3.4.Thewatersupplypressureatthepointofintersectionofthecurvesshallnotbelessthanthat
givenbytheminimumdensitycalculation.
13.5HydraulicBalanceCalculations
13.5.1BalancingAcrossJunctions
Hydrauliccalculationsforeachpipejunctionwhereflowsjoinorseparateforeachpositionofthe
AMAOorforeachgroupofintermediatesprinklersassumedtobeinoperationshallbesufficiently
accuratethat:
a.thecalculatedflowrate(s)intothejunctionarewithin2litresperminuteofthecalculatedflow
rate(s)outofthejunction
b.allvaluesofthepressurecalculatedforthejunctionarewithin0.005barofthemeanvalue.
13.5.2OverallBalancingoftheInstallation
ForeachpositionoftheAMAOthesumofthecalculatedsprinklerdischargevaluesofall
sprinklersdischargingsimultaneously(usingthecalculatednozzlepressureineachcasetoestablishthe
outlet
41
Fig.27AreasofOperationinDifferentLayouts
42
Fig.28TypicalPumpDataSheet
flow)shallbewithin1%ofthehydraulicallycalculatedtotalflowintotheinstallation.
13.6DesignofOrificePlates
13.6.1
Tables32and33maybeusedtodesignthesizeoftheorificeplateaccordingtothesystem
requirementsforachievinghydraulicbalance.
Table32OrificePlatesforMediumGradePipesasperIS1239forSizes50mmand65
mm
(Clauses13.6.1and13.6.3)
PressureLossPro(Bar)
DiameterofOrificePipeSizes
OrificeKFactor
50mm
65mm
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
2.50
25.90
316
2.25
26.50
333
2.00
27.10
354
1.75
27.90
378
1.50
28.80
408
1.25
29.60
447
1.00
30.90
500
0.90
31.50
527
0.80
32.20
34.50
559
0.70
32.80
35.30
598
0.60
33.70
36.30
645
0.50
34.70
37.60
707
0.40
35.90
39.30
791
0.30
37.50
41.20
913
0.20
39.70
44.20
1118
0.10
42.70
49.10
1581
0.05
53.60
2236
13.6.2
TheorificediameterformediumgradepipesconformingtoIS1239(Part1)ofsizes50mmto200
mmfordiscretevaluesofnetpressurelossProforastandardflowrateof500l/minareprovidedin
Table34and5000l/mininTable35.
13.6.3
ToselectanorificeplatewhichwillproduceanetpressurelossofPrxbarwitharateofQxin
l/min,thevalueofProcanbecalculatedfromtheformulaasbelow:
Pro
Px(5000/Qx)2whenusingTable32
Pro
Px(5000/Qx)2whenusingTable33
asappropriate,andrefertotheappropriatecolumnforthecorrectorificediameter,interpolating
asnecessary.
14COMPONENTSOFSPRINKLERSYSTEM
14.1General
14.1.1
Thevarioustypesofvalvesusedintheinstallationareasunder:
a.Stopvalves
b.Testvalves
c.Drainvalves
d.Flushingvalves
e.Checkvalves
f.Installationvalves
g.Preactionvalves
h.Subsidiaryvalves
14.1.2
Allvalvesinthesprinklerinstallationshallberighthanded(i.e.,thehandwheelorkeyshouldbe
rotatedclockwisetoclosethevalve)thedirectionofopeningandclosingshallbemarkedandan
open/shutindicatorfitted.
43
Table33OrificePlatesforMediumGradePipesasperIS1239forPipeSizes80mm,100
mm,150mmand200mm
(Clause13.6.3)
PressureLossPro(Bar)
DiameterofOrificePipeSizes
OrificeKFactor
80mm
100mm
150mm
200mm
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
35.00
41.90
845
30.00
43.00
913
25.00
44.80
1000
20.00
46.40
1118
15.00
48.90
56.20
1291
10.00
52.30
57.60
1581
9.00
53.20
59.00
1667
8.00
54.10
60.40
1768
7.00
55.30
62.00
1890
6.00
56.60
63.90
2041
5.00
58.20
66.50
2236
4.00
59.80
69.70
2500
3.00
62.00
74.20
82.30
2887
2.00
65.00
81.10
95.80
3536
1.00
82.20
97.10
105.70
5000
0.90
83.30
99.30
108.10
5270
0.80
84.40
101.70
111.10
5590
0.70
85.70
104.00
113.90
5976
0.60
87.00
106.80
117.70
6455
0.50
110.10
122.20
7071
0.40
115.10
129.10
7906
0.30
120.60
137.70
9129
0.20
152.60
11180
0.10
165.80
15810
NOTEThepressurelossproducedbytheorificeplateisthenetlossacrosstheorifice,notthepressuredifference
oftheflange.TheKfactorshouldbemarkedontheplate.
14.1.3
Butterflyvalves,ifused,shallbeofthegearoperatedtypeforsizesmorethan150mm.
14.1.4
Valveswhichinterlockwhenclosedshallbepositionedinaconspicuousplacewherethekeyis
obtrusivewhenthevalveisclosed.
14.2MainStopValves
14.2.1
One,andonlyone,mainstopvalveshallbefittedimmediatelydownstreamofthemainalarmvalve
ofastandardsprinklerinstallation.
14.2.2
Themainstopvalve(s)shouldbeatafirebrigadeaccesslevelandreadilyaccessiblewhen
respondingtoafirealarm.
14.2.3
Wheretheworkingpressureoftheinstallationismorethan7kg/cm2,CastironvalveswithPN1.6
ratingshallbeprovided.However,Caststeelvalvesofclass150shallsufficeforinstallationunderall
pressureconditions.
14.3TestValvesandCocks
14.3.1AlarmandPumpStartTestValves
Testvalves(15mmnominalsize)shallbeprovided,asappropriate,totest:
a.thehydraulicalarmoranyelectricalarmpressureswitchifprovided,bydrawingwaterfromthe
downstreamsideofawetalarmvalve,andanydownstreammainstopvalve(s)
b.anywaterflowalarmswitchinstalleddownstreamofthemaininstallationvalveset.Thetestvalve
shallbeconnecteddownstreamofthewaterflowalarm
c.anautomaticstartingdeviceonapumpand
d.anypumphousesprinkleralarmflowswitchinstalledupstreamoftheinstallationcontrolvalve.
Thetestvalveshouldbeinstalledclosetothealarmvalve,flowswitchorpumpstarteras
appropriate.
14.3.2TestCocks
Atestcockshouldbefittedasfollows:
a.onsuctionpumpsupplies,upstreamofthepumpoutletstopvalveandthecheckvalve
b.Immediatelyupstreamofthecheckvalveonawatersupplyfeedpipeortrunksubjecttoany
requirementsoftheinflowwaterauthority.
14.4DrainValves
Drainvalvessizedasbelowshallbefittedtoallowdrainagefrom:
a.Immediatelydownstreamoftheinstallationalarmvalveor,iffitted,itsdownstreamstopvalveand
44
b.Immediatelydownstreamofanysubsidiarystopvalveand
c.Anypipeotherthandroppipestosinglesprinklersinawetinstallationwhichcannotbedrained
throughanotherdrainvalve.
Thevalvesshallbefittedatthelowerendofpermanentpipework.Theoutletshallbenotmore
than3mabovethefloorandshallbefittedwithabrassplug.
Lighthazard
40mm
Moderatehazard
50mm
Highhazard
50mm
14.5FlushingValves
Whereasprinklerpumpdrawswaterfromanonpotablesourcesuchasacanal,river,lake,etc,
flushingvalvesshallbefittedatthespurendsoftheinstallationdistributionpipes.
Thevalvesandanyassociateddrainpipeworkshallbeofthesamenominalsizeasthedistribution
pipetowhichtheyareattached.Eachvalveoutletshallbefittedwithabrassplugcap.
14.5.1CheckValves
Checkvalvesshallbeprovidedwheremorethanonewatersupplyisavailableandthesamefitted
oneachwatersupplypipetotrunkmain.
Atestcockshallbefittedupstreamofthecheckvalveanddownstreamofthewatersupplymain
stopvalve,exceptinthecaseofapumpsupplywhereitshallbeupstreamofthepumpdeliverycheck
valveandoftheoutletstopvalve.
14.6SubsidiaryStopValves
Subsidiarystopvalves,whichshallbeofthesamenominalsizeasthepipeinwhichtheyarefitted,
shallbeprovidedonlytocontrolthewatersupplytothefollowing:
a.Anysprinklerssuppliedfromupstreamofaninstallationmaincontrolvalveset.
b.Sprinklersunderhoodsoverthedryendsofpapermakingmachineswhereitisnecessarytoturn
offthesprinklerstoenablemachinecylinderstobechanged.Thevalveshallbesecuredopen.
c.Sprinklersprotectingacomputerarea.Thestopvalveshallbeelectricallymonitoredorofthetype
whichinterlockswhenclosed,andinalternateinstallationsshallbeascrewdowndiaphragmvalve.
14.7InstallationandAlarmValves
14.7.1
Asprinklerinstallationshallbefittedwithasuitablemaininstallationvalvetocontrolthewater
supplytotheinstallation.Thevalvesetcompriseof:
a.amainstopvalve,
b.analarmvalve,and
c.awatermotoralarmandgong(seeFig.29).
Fig.29SprinklerInstallationValveAssembly
14.7.2
Themaininstallationalarmvalve(s)shallbefittedimmediatelydownstreamofthemainstopvalve.
14.7.3
Analarmvalvecontrollingthewatersupplytoeitherahightemperatureareaortoanareawhere
freezingtemperaturesmayoccureithershallbeofatypewithoutawatersealorpositionedatsucha
distancefromtheprotectedareathatthewatersealisnotaffectedbythehightemperatureorfreezing.
14.7.4
Themainstopvalveshallbeplacedinthevicinityofthemainentranceoftheriskprotectedatan
easilyaccessibleplace.Thevalveshallbesecuredopenbyapadlockedorrivettedstrapandprotected
againstimpactdamage.
14.7.5
Aplanoftheriskwiththepositionofmainstopvalvesshallbeplacedinaconspicuouslocation.A
locationplateshallbefixednearthevalvesbearingthefollowingwordsinraisedletters:
SPRINKLER
STOPVALVE
45
14.7.6AlarmValve
14.7.6.1
Alarmvalvesshallbefittedonthemainsupplypipeimmediatelyabovethemaincontrolvalveand
beforeanyconnectionistakenofftosupplyanypartoftheinstallation.
14.7.6.2
Inbuildingscontainingmorethanoneinstallation,eachalarmvalvemusthaveanumberindicated
thereonandtherelevantalarmgongshallbearthesamenumberinboldfigures.
14.7.6.3
Asfaraspossible,oneriskshallbeprotectedbyonealarmvalveonly.Wheretheriskisquitelarge
andhastobefedbymorethanonevalve,theareasfedbythealarmvalvesshouldbeplannedand
suitablydemarcated.Detailsofthedivisionofthesprinklerloadwiththedemarcatedareasshallbe
exhibitednearthealarmvalves.
14.7.6.4
Theprovisionofonealarmvalvefordifferentblocksinonecompoundisnotnormallypermissible.
14.8MultipleControls
Multiplecontrolsinstalledtocontrolopensprinklersoropendrenchersortooperateapressure
switchshallbeacceptableinspecificcases.
14.9AlarmsandAlarmDevices
14.9.1
Eachinstallationmaincontrolvalvesetshallbeprovidedwithawatermotoralarmsuitablefor
sprinklerservicelocatedascloseaspossibletothealarmvalve.
14.9.2
Thewatermotorshallbeinstalledwithitsgongontheoutsideofanexteriorwallandwithits
centrelinenothigherthan6mabovethepointofconnectiontothealarmvalve.Astrainer,readily
accessibleforcleaning,shallbefittedbetweenthemotornozzleandthealarmvalveconnection.The
wateroutletshallbepositionedsothatanyflowofwatercanbeseen.
14.9.3
Thepipeworktothewatermotorshouldbegalvanized,mediumgradecomplyingwithIS1239
(Part1).Theequivalentlengthofpipebetweenthealarmvalveandthewatermotorshallbenotmore
than25massuminganequivalentlengthof3mforeachchangeofdirection.Thenominalsizeshallbe
notlessthan:
a.14mmforequivalentlengthslessthanorequalto6mand
b.20mmforequivalentlengthsgreaterthan6m.
14.9.4
Thepipeshallbefittedwithastopvalvelocatedwithinthepremisesandshouldbeprovidedwitha
permanentdrainthroughanorificenotlargerthan3mmdiameter.Theorificeplacemaybeintegral
withthepipefitting,andshallbeofeitherstainlesssteeloranonferrousmaterial.
14.9.5
Anydevicetoreducethefrequencyoffalseorintermittentalarmsfittedtotheinstallationshallbe
suitableforsprinklerservice.
14.10PressureGauges
14.10.1GeneralSpecification
a.PressuregaugesfittedintheinstallationsshallcomplywithIS3624.
b.Thescalesubdivisionshallnotexceed:
1.0.2barforamaximumscalevalueuptoandincluding10bar
2.0.5barforamaximumscalevalueofmorethan10bar,uptoandincluding16bar
3.1.0barforamaximumscalevaluemorethan16bar.
14.10.2ApplicationofPressureGauges
14.10.2.1Installationcontrolvalves
MaincontrolvalvesetsApressuregaugeshallbefittedateachofthefollowingpoints:
a.Immediatelydownstreamofthealarmvalve(designatedtheCgauge)and
b.Immediatelyupstreamofthemaincontrolstopvalve(designatedtheBgauge).
14.10.2.2Watersupplyconnections
PumpsupplyEachpumpsupplyshallbefittedwithadampedpressuregaugeonthesupplypipe
immediatelydownstreamoftheoutletcheckvalveandupstreamofanyoutletstopvalve.
14.10.2.3Removal
Meansshallbeprovidedtoenableeachpressuregaugetoberemovedreadilywithoutinterruption
ofthewaterorairsupplytotheinstallation.
14.11
Anyotherprovisionslikefirebrigadesignallingfromthealarmvalves,Advancewarning,etc,
proposedtobeincorporatedintheinstallation.
15SPRINKLERSGENERALREQUIREMENTS
15.1General
15.1.1
Sprinklersandmultiplecontrolsinstalledinthesprinklersystemsshallbesuitableforthefire
protectionservice.
15.1.2
Sprinklersshallnotbereconditionedorrepaired.Usedand/ordefectivesprinklersshallbe
replacedbynewones.However,themultiplecontrolsystemsmayberepairedorreconditionedbut
pressuretestingshallbecarriedoutbeforecommissioningsuchinstallations.
46
15.1.3
Sprinklersandmultiplecontrolsshallnotbepaintedexceptfortheidentificationpurposes.They
shallnotbealteredinanyrespectnorhaveanytypeofornamentationorcoating.
15.2SprinklerTypesandApplications
15.2.1
Sprinklersshallbeofthefollowingtypes:
a.Conventionalpattern
b.Spraypattern
c.Ceilingorflushpattern
d.Concealedpatternand
e.Sidewallpattern.
TheselectionofsprinklersshallconformtoTable34.
Table34SprinklerTypesandSizesforVariousHazardClasses
(Clause15.2.1)
HazardClass
PatternofSprinkler
SprinklerSizeNominalOrificeLessThan
(1)
(2)
(3)
Lighthazard
Spray,ceilingorflushand/orsidewalltypes
10mm
Moderatehazard
Anytypefromtheabove
15mm
Highhazard
Conventionalorspraypatternonly
15or20mmasthecasemaybe
15.2.2
Conventionaltypeofsprinklersaredesignedtoproduceasphericaltypeofdischargewitha
proportionofwaterbeingthrownupwardstheceiling.Theseareusuallybuiltwithauniversaltype
deflectorenablingthesprinklerstobeinstalledeitheruprightorpendent.Itisalsopossibletodesignate
themforuprightorpendentforcertainapplications.Thesesprinklerscanalmostbeusedforanytypeof
application(seeFig.30).
15.2.3
Spraypatterntypesprinklersaredesignedtoproduceahemisphericaldischargeandnowateris
directedtowardstheceiling.Thesearebuiltbothways,i.e.,uprightorpendent.Theseshallnotbeusedin
highhazard,highpiledstoragerisksandalsoincaseofmoderate/highhazardclassriskswherethereis
exposedstructuralsteelworkorwheretherooforceilingoritssupportingstructureisofcombustible
material(seeFig.30).
15.2.4
Ceilingorflushandconcealedtypeofsprinklersaredesignedforusewiththeconcealedpipework
andareinstalledpendentwithplateorbaseflushtotheceilingwiththeheatsensitiveelementbelowthe
ceilingline.Theseshallbeinstalledonlyinlightormoderatehazardrisksandnotforthehighhazard
class.Commonapplicationsarehotels,boardrooms,officesretailstores,etc,wheretheaesthetic
appearanceisofvalue.Thedeflectorsarenormallyfixedhowever,retractedtypeofdeflectorsmayalsobe
used.
15.2.5
Sidewalltypesprinklersaredesignedtoproduceadownwardparaboloidaldischargeandthe
specialdeflectorfittedtothesprinklercausesmostofthewatertobedischargedontheopposingwall
andfloorwithalittleofwaterdischargingonthewallbehindthesprinkler.Theseshallnotbeinstalledin
highhazardapplicationsorabovesuspendedceilings.Thesearenotsubstitutesforstandardsprinklers
butmaybeusedonlyinoffices,hotels,halls,lobbies,corridors,conveyorhousings,etc(seeFig.30).
15.2.6
Multiplecontrolssystemconsistsofheatsensitivesealedvalvecontrolledoutletsusingsprinklers
oranyotherheatdetectingdeviceassensingelements.Multiplecontrolisusedwhenagroupofopen
sprinklersorsprayershavetooperatesimultaneouslyonasingledetectionaccordingtothedesired
circumstances.
15.3SprinklerSizeandKFactor
Sprinklersshallhaveanominalorificesizesof10mm,15mmor20mmasshowninTable35.K
factorofthesprinklershallbeasperthefollowingequation:
where
K
KFactor,
flowthroughthesprinklerorificein1/min,and
pressureattheentrypointofthesprinkler(bar).
Table35SprinklersNominalThreads,OrificeSizesandKFactors
(Clause15.3)
NominalOrificeSize(mm)
NominalThreadSize(mm)
MeanValueofKFactor
LimitingValuesofKFactors
DrySprinklers
Min
Max
Others
Min
Max
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
10
10
57
52
62
54
60
15
15
80
74
86
76
84
20
20
115
106
124
109
121
47
Fig.30TypeofSprinklers
ThedesiredKfactorsforthesprinklersareshowninTable35.
15.4TemperatureRatingandColourCoding
SprinklersshallhaveoneofthetemperatureratingsgiveninTable36orTable37andshallbe
correspondinglycolourcoded.
Table36FusibleLinkType
(Clause15.4)
TemperatureRatingC
ColourofYokeArms
(1)
(2)
68/74
Natural
93/100
White
141
Blue
182
Yellow
227
Red
48
Table37GlassBulbType
(Clause15.4)
TemperatureRatingC
ColourofBulbLiquid
(1)
(2)
57
Orange
68
Red
79
Yellow
93
Green
141
Blue
182
Mauve
204/260
Black
15.5SelectionofTemperatureRating
15.5.1General
15.5.1.1
Thetemperatureratingofasprinklershouldnotbelessthan30Cgreaterthanthehighest
anticipatedtemperatureofthelocationoftheinstallation.Iftheprocessconditionsinariskcallsfor
continuousairconditioningroundtheclockthroughouttheyear.
15.5.1.2
Inhighhazardinstallationsprotectinghighpiledstoragewithintermediatesprinklers,theroofor
ceilingsprinklersshouldhaveatemperatureratingof141C.
NOTEThesprinklersatthetopoftheracksshouldbegovernedasper15.5.1.1.
15.5.1.3
UnderglazedrooforwherethereareroofsheetsofPVCorsimilarplasticmaterial,thesprinkler
ratingshallbeeither79Cto100C,or141Cforhighpiledstorage.
15.5.1.4
Thetemperatureratingoftherooforceilingsprinklerswithin3moftheplanareaofthe
boundaryofeitheranovenorahotprocessventilatinghood,fittedwithsprinklersshallbethesameas
theovenorhoodsprinklers,or141C,whicheverislower.
15.6ProtectiontotheSprinklers
15.6.1
Anysprinkler,otherthanceilingorflushsprinkler,installedinapositionatriskofaccidental
damageshallbefilledwithametalguardsuitableforsprinklerservice.Itisparticularlyimportantfor
intermediatesprinklersinstorageracks.
15.6.2
Sprinklersinstalledinarackorunderaperforatedshelf,platformandthelike,wherewaterfrom
highersprinklersincludingroof/ceilingsprinklersmaycausewettingincloseproximitytothebulbor
fusibleelementshallbefittedwithmetalwatershieldsofnominaldiameter80mm.Theshieldshallnot
bedirectlyattachedtoanuprightsprinklerdeflectororyokeassembly.Suchshieldshallformlittleorno
obstructionsthesprinklerspraypattern.
15.6.3
Sprinklerrosettesshallbeprovidedfortheconcealedsprinklerswhichshouldbeofmetalor
thermoplasticplasticsandshallbesuitableforthesprinklerservice.Nopartoftherosetteshallbeusedto
supportceilingsorotherstructuresandshallprojectfromtheceilingbelowthetopofthevisibleportion
oftheheatsensitiveelement.
15.6.4
Sprinklersandmultiplecontrolsinstalledinareaswherecorrosivevapoursareprevalentshallhave
corrosionresistantcoatingssuitabletosprinklerservice.Frequentcoatingwithgoodqualitypetroleum
jellyisrecommended.Thecoatingshallhowevernotbeappliedonthefusiblelinksorthebodyofthe
glassbulb.
15.7SpareSprinklerstobeKeptinStock
15.7.1
Astockofsparesprinklersshallbemaintainedinthepremisessothatpromptreplacementis
possibleaftertheoperation/damageofsprinklerheads.Thesparesshallbekeptinaneasilyaccessible
locationunderconditionswherethetemperaturedoesnotexceed38C.
15.7.2
Thefollowingguidelinesshallbefollowedinrespectofstockingsparesprinklerheads:
HazardClass
InallStateCapitalsandwithin100kmthereof
OtherPlaces
Lighthazard
6sprinklersofeachtype
25
Moderatehazard
24sprinklersofeachtype
50
Highhazard
36sprinklersofeachtype
100
Whentherearemorethanoneinstallationwithinarisk,theabovequantityshallalsobeincreased
inproportion.Eachtypeofsprinklerusedintheinstallationsuchasconventionalorsprayor
ceiling/flushorsidewallsprinklersandappropriatetemperaturesshallbestockedaspertheabove
requirements.
15.7.3
Spannersforthesprinklersshallalsobekeptalongwiththesparesprinklersinreadiness.
15.7.4DrainageArrangement
Itshallbepossibletodrainthewaterfromtheentireinstallationthroughtheinstallationcontrol
valvebyopeningthedraincock.Normally,itisnotpermissibletoprovideseparatearrangementsfor
drainingthewaterfromdifferentareasorpockets.However,incaseofsprinklersbelowthefalseceilings,
belowtheobstructionslikeductsandalsoforintermediatesprinklers,itshouldbepossibletodrainthe
waterfromtimetotimethroughseparatearrangements.Incaseofareas,wheresprinklersareinstalled
belowtheleveloftheinstallationcontrolvalve,itisnecessarytoprovidedraincocksforallsuch
sprinklersasdeemednecessary.
49
16SELECTIONOFINSTALLATION,TYPEANDTHEIRSIZE
16.1
Asprinklerinstallationshouldbebasedonanyoneofthefollowingtypes:
a.Wetpipeinstallation,
b.Preactiontypeinstallation,
c.Recyclinginstallation,and
d.Delugeinstallation.
NOTEOthertypesofinstallationslikealternatewetanddrypipeordrypipemayalso
beused.
16.2WetPipeInstallation
16.2.1
Awetpipesystemisastandardtypesprinklersystempermanentlychargedwithwaterunder
pressurebothaboveandbelowtheinstallationalarmvalve.Theabovesystemshallbeonlyinstalled
wherethereisnodangeratanytimeofthewaterinthepipesfreezing.
16.2.2SizeoftheInstallation
Thenumberofsprinklersinaninstallationbutnotincludingthesprinklersintheconcealedspaces
andinsidemachines,etc,shallnotexceedthefollowing:
a)
Lighthazard:
500perinstallation
b)
Moderatehazard:
1000perinstallation
c)
Highhazard:
1000perinstallation
16.3PreactionInstallation
16.3.1
Apreactionsystemisasprinklersysteminstalledonlytopreventaprematuredischargeofwater
frompipeworkorsprinklersthathavesufferedmechanicaldamage.Thepipeworkshouldnormallybe
chargedwithairunderpressureandmonitoredtogiveawarningindicationonreductionoftheair
pressure.Completelossofairresultsintheopeningofpreactionvalveandthusallowingwaterintothe
pipework.Thesystematthisstagebecomesawetpipeinstallationvalve.Thesystemprovidesapreaction
timefortheuserstosavetheirvaluableequipmentlikeEDPandcomputerinstallation,antiques,
museums,etc,wherewaterdamageduetothesprinkleroperationiscolossal.Thesesystemsneed
additionaldetectioninstallationsfortriggeringthepreactionvalves.
16.4RecyclingInstallation
16.4.1
Recyclinginstallationsshallbeusedonlywherethesearenecessaryforthefollowingreasons:
a.Torestrictwaterdamageafterextinguishment
b.Toavoidclosureofthemaininstallationvalveifmodificationsaremadetothepipeworkorif
sprinklerheadsaretobereplaced
c.Topreventaccidentalwaterdamageduetobreakageofpipework/sprinklers
Thesearesimilartothepreactiontypeinstallationsexceptfortheadditionalbuiltinfeaturesfor
automaticcontrolofthewaterbytimers.
16.5SizeoftheInstallation
Thenumberofsprinklersinaninstallation(preactionandrecycling)butnotincludingthe
sprinklersintheconcealedspacesandinsidemachines,etc,shallnotexceedthefollowing:
a)
Lighthazard:
500perinstallation
b)
Moderatehazard:
1000perinstallation
c)
Highhazard:
1000perinstallation
16.6DelugeInstallations
Delugeinstallationsshallbeinstalledwhereitisnecessarytoapplywateroveranentireareain
whichafiremayoriginate.
16.7MultijetSprinklerSystem
Underextraneouscircumstances,theabovetypeofsystemscanbeconsidered.Forexample,the
abovesystemmaybeconsideredforinstallationwithinductswhichpassthroughtheperfectpartywallsif
provisionofdampersonbothsidesoftheperfectpartywallisimpracticable.Theabovesystemshall
consistofmainsprinklerthatshouldoperateagroupofopensprinklersinsidetheductonbothsidesof
thewall.Themainsprinklershallbeinstalledpreferablyinthecentreofthewallwithintheduct.The
opensprinklersareexpectedtoprovidewatercurtainswithintheductsonbothsidestoprevent
propagationofthefirethroughtheductsintheabsenceofdampers.
16.8DetectorSprinklers
Inlocationswhereelectricalinstallationsaretobeprotected,sprinklersinsuchlocationsmayact
onlyasdetectorsandsoundtheinstallationalarmwithoutdischargeofwater.Thewaterfromthe
sprinklerpipesmaybesuitablyarrangedtobebypassedoutsidetheriskuponoperationofsprinklers.
16.9OtherTypeofSprinklers
WhereothertypesofsprinklersareusedforspecialapplicationssuchasFastresponsesprinklers,
Earlyresponsequicksuppressionsprinklers,largeorificesprinklers,Recyclingsprinklers,etc,are
proposedtobeusedinthesystem.
17MAINTENANCEOFTHESPRINKLERINSTALLATION
17.1GeneralArrangements
Theusershallcarryoutaprogrammeofinspectionandchecks,arrangeatest,serviceand
maintenancescheduleandkeepappropriaterecordsincludingalogbookwhichshallbeproducedon
demand.
50
17.2PrecautionsandProceduresWhenSystemisnotOperational
17.2.1
Maintenance,alterationsandrepairofsystemsnotfullyoperationalshallbecarriedoutinaway
thatwillminimizethetimeandextentofnonoperability.
17.2.2
Whenaninstallationisrenderedinoperative,theusershallimplementcompensatorymeasures.
ThesemeasuresincludeshuttingofFiredoorsandshutters,alertnessofthesecurityandsafetystaff,
reinforcementoffirstaidappliances,etc.
17.2.3
Asmuchaspossibleoftheinstallationshallberetainedinanoperativeconditionbyblankingoff
pipeworkfeedingtheinoperativepartorpartswhereworkistakingplace.
17.2.4
Incaseofmanufacturingrisks,wheretherepairsandalterationsareextensive,oritisnecessaryto
disconnectapipeexceeding40mmnominaldiameter,ortooverhaulortoremoveamainstopvalve,
alarmvalveorcheckvalve,everyeffortshallbemadetocarryouttheworkwhenthemachineryis
stopped.
17.2.5
Anypumpoutofcommissionshallbeisolatedbymeansofthevalvesprovided.
17.3PlannedShutDown
17.3.1
Authoritiesshallbekeptinformedbeforeshuttingoftheinstallationforanyreasonwhatsoever.
17.3.2
Aroundthroughtheriskshallbeundertakenbeforeapartortotalshutdowntoensurethatthere
isnoindicationoffire.
17.3.3
Theheadsofallthedepartmentsorblocksshallbenotifiedinwritingthattheinstallationshall
remaininoperativeandtheyshallexerciseabundantcautionduringtheperiod.
17.4UnplannedShutDown
Whentheinstallationisrenderedinoperativeasamatterofurgencyorbyaccident,themeasures
statedaboveforplannedshutdownshallbeimplementedwithleastpossibledelay.
17.5ActionFollowingSprinklerOperation
17.5.1
Followingtheoperationofsprinkler(s),theoperatedheadsshallberemovedandreplacedwith
appropriatesprinklerheadsandwatersupplyshallberestored.
17.5.2
Thesprinklersinthevicinityoftheoperatedsprinklersshallbecheckedfordamagebyheatorany
othercauseandreplacedifnecessary.
17.5.3
Thesprinklerpumpshallnotbeshutoffuntiltheextinguishmentofthefire.Thestartingofthe
pumpshallbeautomaticandthestoppingofthepumpafteranextinguishmentshallbemanual.
17.6PeriodicalTestingandMaintenance
17.6.1General
17.6.1.1
Sprinklersystemsrequirecompetentandeffectivecareandmaintenancetoassurethattheywill
performtheirpurposeeffectivelyatthetimeoffire.Systemsshallbeservicedandtestedperiodicallyby
personneltrainedinthiswork.Aninspectioncontractwithaqualifiedagencyforservice,test,and
operationatregularintervalsisrecommended.
17.6.1.2
Operatingandmaintenanceinstructionsandlayoutshallbeavailableorcanbepostedatcontrol
roomand/oratthefirestationoftheplant.Selectedplantpersonnelshallbetrainedandassignedthe
taskofoperatingandmaintainingtheequipment.
17.6.1.3
Atweekly,orotherfrequent,regularscheduledplantinspection,equipmentshallbechecked
visuallyforobviousdefectssuchasbrokenormissingparts,externalloadingorotherevidenceof
impairedprotection.
17.6.1.4
Atleastonceaweekthesystemshallbevisuallycheckedandthereadingofvariouspressuregauges
ofeachInstallationvalveshallberecorded.
17.6.1.5
Atrainedpumpmanshallbeavailableonallshiftsandatallhourstooperatethepumpor
wheneverrequired.
17.6.2FireWaterReservoirs/Tank
17.6.2.1
Itshallbeensuredthatfirewatertankreservoirsarealwaysfullandfreefromanyforeign
materials.Thewaterlevelshallberecordedweekly.
17.6.2.2
Dependinguponqualityofwater,reservoirsshallbecleanedonceinayearortwoyearsandsludge
formationshallbeprevented.
17.6.3FirePumps
17.6.3.1
Allthefirepumpsshallberunatleast5minuteseveryday.Duringtestingwaterlevelofpriming
tank,deliverypressuresofpumps,speedandalsootherparametersaretobecheckedandrecorded.
17.6.3.2
Allpumpglandsshallbemaintainedingoodworkingconditionsandcheckedweekly.
17.6.3.3
Thebearinggreasecapsshallbecheckedonceeveryweekandrefilledwithfreshgrease,if
necessary.
17.6.3.4
Startercontactsshallbecleanedeveryweek.
17.6.3.5
Insulationresistanceofpumpmotorsshallbeexaminedonceineverysixmonthsandrecordshall
bemaintained.
17.6.3.6
Startingmechanismofdieselenginemustbechecked,thebatterychargerandalsothebatteries
51
mustbemaintainedineffectiveconditionsandtheengineshallberunatleastfor5minutesevery
day.
17.6.4SprinklerSystemInstallation
17.6.4.1
Allpipingshallbeexaminedatintervalstodetermineitsconditions.Frequencyofinspectionswill
bedependentuponlocalconditionsandshallbeexaminedonceinayear.
17.6.4.2
AlltheInstallationvalvesandsprinklerinstallationandassociatedequipmentshallbeservicedand
testedannuallybyqualifiedpersonnel.
17.6.4.3
Dischargetestofsprinklersshallbecarriedoutatleastonceinsixmonths.Aftereachoperation,
sprinklersshallberemovedandcleaned,unlessobservationsunderflowconditionsindicatethisisnot
necessary.
17.6.4.4
Manualcheckingdevicesshallbeoperatedatleasttwiceannually.
17.6.4.5
Whennormallyopenedvalvesareclosedfollowingthesystemoperationortest,suitable
proceduresshallbeinstitutedtoensurethattheyarereopenedandthatthesystemispromptlyrestored
tofullnormaloperatingcondition.
17.6.4.6
Allsprinklersshallbeinspectedforproperpositioningortest,externalloadingandcorrosionand
cleanedifnecessary,basedonexperiencebutatleastonceinsixmonths.
17.6.4.7
Theentiresystemshallbeflushedatleastonceayear.
17.6.4.8
Itisimportanttoensurethatthesprinklerbulbsarekeptfreefrompaintordust(otherwiseitmay
notfunctioncorrectly)andthatthebulbsareaccessibleandclearlyidentifiedformaintenancepurposes.
17.6.4.9
Alltheequipmentpertainingtothesprinklersystemshallbepaintedatleastonceintwoyears.
17.6.5InstallationValveandAlarmGongAssembly
17.6.5.1
Thepressuregaugereadingsaboveandbelowthevalvesshallbemonitoredeverydayat
commencementofthefirstshift.
17.6.5.2
Thetimetakenfortheoperationofalarmgongafteropeningthedrainvalvesshallbemonitored
everyweekandcorrectiveactionstakenincaseofmalfunctionofalarmgong.
17.6.5.3
Thealarmgongassemblyshallbecheckedthoroughlyonceinthreemonths.
PeriodicmaintenancechartandsummarysheetsforthehydrauliccalculationareshowninTable
38:
Table38PeriodicalTestingandMaintenanceChart
(Clause17.6.5.3)
SINo.
i) Reservoir
ii) Pump
iii) Engine
iv) Motor
Subject
Activities
Duration
Levelchecking
Weekly
Cleaning
Onceintwoyears
Runningtest
Daily5minutes
Testflow
Annually
Lubrication
Quarterly
Glandpacking
Weekly
Overhaul
Onceintwoyears
Running
5minalldays
Lubrication
Quarterly
Battery
Statusweekly
Loadtest
Annually
Overhaul
Oncein2years
Fueltankcheck
Daily
Lubrication
Weekly
v) Mainpiping
vi) Sluicevalves
vii) Installation
valves
viii) Sprinklers
ix) Detectorelement
x) Sprinklerinstallation
Startercontactchecking
Weekly
Insulationresistance
Halfyearly
Flushing
Oncein2years
Gaugepressure
Checkdaily
Operation
Monthly
Glandpacking
Monthly
Lubrication
Quarterly
Operation
Weekly
Alarmcheck
Weekly
Overhaul
Annually
Cleaning
Quarterly
Cleaning
Quarterly
Flowtest
Quarterly
Performance
Sixmonthly
Performance
Quarterly
Physicalcheckupofpipingfor
Monthly
seeingdislocationofsupport,wrong
orientation,overloading,etc
xi) Pressuregauges
xii) Paintingofinstallation
52
Calibration
Annually
Everytwoyears
18PIPINGSYSTEM
18.1InstallationPipework
18.1.1
Allinstallationpipeworkshallbepressuretestedinaccordancewith10.1.6.
NOTEInwatersensitiveareas,itisadvisabletotestthepipespneumaticallybefore
carryingoutanyhydraulictesting.
18.1.2
Thecoatingandwrappingoftheundergroundwroughtormildsteelpipesshallbecarriedoutand
alsosubjectedtoHallidaytestsasperIS10221.
18.2InitialTestingtoRegularTestingProcedures
Thesystemshallbetestedasspecifiedin17.6.2,17.6.3and17.6.4,i.e.,makingtheinitialtests
whichshallbecomeroutinetestslaterasapartofupkeepofthesystem.
18.3WaterSupplies
18.3.1
Theentirepipingsystemshallbethoroughlyflushedbeforecommissioninginordertoremove
foreignmaterialswhichmighthaveenteredorbepresentinthesystempipingduringthecourseof
installationorwhichmayhavebeenpresentinexistingpipingatmaximumflowrateavailabletothe
systemconsiderationshallbegiventothedisposalofwaterdischargedduringtheflushing.
18.3.2
Incaseoflargeinstallations(wherethenumberofsprinklersinasinglebuildingandthoseinthe
buildingscommunicatingtherewithexceed500),itisnecessarytoascertainthehydraulicbalanceto
checktheperformanceofthepumpwhenworkingatmostfavourableandunfavourablelocations.
Pressureattheoutletsoftheorificeplatesshallbemeasuredatalllocationstocheckthecorrectnessof
thesizeoforificeplatesselected.
18.3.3
Eachinstallationvalveshallbetestedseparately.Thepumpshallstartautomaticallyandthesupply
pressureattheappropriateflowrateshallnotbelessthantheappropriatevaluespecifiedin9.2and9.3
foralltypesofhazards.
18.3.4
Thedrainvalvesfittedabovetheinstallationvalveshallbeopenedandthetimetakenforthealarm
gongtooperatebenoted.Thereshallnotbeasignificantvariationinthetimingbetweenthe15mmand
50mmdrainvalvesfittedabovetheinstallationvalvetodrainthewaterfromtheinstallation.
18.4PumpOutput
Arunningpressuretestshallbecarriedoutatthedeliveryofthepumpatfullloadconditions
(QMax).ThepressureobtainedinthetestcanbeusedtocorrectthepressureavailableattheCgaugeof
theinstallationvalve.
18.5AutoStartofDieselPumps
Whencommissioningtheinstallationtheautomaticstartingsystemofthedieselenginedriven
pumpsetshallbeactivatedwiththefuelsupplyisolatedforsixcycleseachofnotlessthan15seconds
crankingandatnotmorethan15secondsrest.Aftercompletionofsixstartingcyclesthefailtostart
alarmshalloperate.Thefuelsupplyshallthenberestoredandthepumpsetshallstartwhenthemanual
startbuttonisoperated.
18.6InstallationValves
18.6.1
Allthevalvesshallbephysicallycheckedforproperinstallationandleakageifany.Thereadingof
thepressuregaugesshallbecheckedtoseewhethertheymatchafterafewdraintests.
18.6.2
Theproperfunctionsofthealarmgongassociatedwiththeinstallationvalveanditslevelof
audibilityshallbechecked.Anaudibilitylevelof85dBabovethebackgroundnoiselevelisrequired.
53
ANNEXA
LISTOFREFERREDINDIANSTANDARDS
LISTOFREFERREDINDIANSTANDARDS
(Clause2)
ISNo.
Title
5:1994
Coloursforreadymixedpaintsandenamels(fourthrevision)
732:1989
Codeofpracticeforelectricalwiringinstallations(thirdrevision)
962:1989
Codeofpracticeforarchitecturalandbuildingdrawings(secondrevision)
1239(Part1): Mildsteeltubes,tubularsandotherwroughtsteelfittings:Part1Mildsteeltubes(fifthrevision)
1990
1239(Part2): Mildsteeltubes,tubularsandotherwroughtsteelfittings:Part2Mildsteeltubularsandother
1992
wroughtsteelpipefittings(fourthrevision)
1536:1989
Centrifugallycast(spun)ironpressurepipesforwater,gasandsewage(thirdrevision)
1537:1976
Verticallycastironpressurepipesforwater,gasandsewage(firstrevision)
1538:1993
Castironfittingsforpressurepipesforwater,gasandsewage(thirdrevision)
1879:1987
Malleablecastironpipefittings(secondrevision)
1978:1982
Linepipe(secondrevision)
2552:1989
Steeldrums(galvanizedandungalvanized)(thirdrevision)
3589:1991
Seamlessorelectricallyweldedsteelpipesforwater,gasandsewage(168.3to2032mmoutside
diameter)(secondrevision)
3614(Part1): Firecheckdoors:Part1Platemetalcoveredandrollingtype
1966
3614(Part2) Metallicandnonmetallicfirecheckdoors:Part2Resistancetestandperformancecriteria
:1992
54
3624:1987
Pressureandvacuumgauges(secondrevision)
3809:1979
Fireresistancetestforstructures(firstrevision)
7181:1986
Horizontallycastirondoubleflangedpipesforwater,gasandsewage(firstrevision)
10221:1982
Codeofpracticeforcoatingandwrappingofundergroundmildsteelpipelines
ANNEXB
COMMITTEECOMPOSITION
(Foreword)
FireFightingSectionalCommittee,CED22
Organization
Representative
FireAdvisor,MinistryofHomeAffairs,NewDelhi
ShriOmPrakash(Chairman)
AvonServicesPvtLtd,Mumbai
ManagingDirector
TechnicalExecutive(Alternate)
BhabhaAtomicResearchCentre,Mumbai
ChiefFireOfficer
BombayFireBrigade,Mumbai
ChiefFireOfficer
DyChiefFireOfficer(Alternate)
CentralBuildingResearchInstitute(CSIR),Roorkee
DrT.P.Sharma
DrA.K.Gupta(Alternate)
CentralIndustrialSecurityForce,NewDelhi
ShriR.C.Sharma
ShriS.L.Nagarkar(Alternate)
CentralPublicWorksDepartment,NewDelhi
ChiefEngineer(E)
ChiefFireOfficer,StateBankofIndia,Mumbai
Shrij.S.Gahlaut
ConcordAraiPvtLtd,Chennai
ShriR.Ramakrishnan
ControllerofQualityAssurance,Pune
Shrij.D.Kale
LtColS.C.Agarwal(Alternate)
DefenceResearch&DevelopmentOrganization,Delhi
Director
DyDirector(Alternate)
DelhiFireService,Delhi
ShriS.K.Dheri
ShriSurinderKumar(Alternate)
DirectorateGeneralofSupplies&Disposals,NewDelhi
ShriM.Gangaraju
ShriV.K.Verma(Alternate)
EngineerinChiefsBranch,NewDelhi
ShriS.K.Kalia
ShriM.K.Bansal(Alternate)
EurekaFiretechPvtLtd,Mumbai
ShriS.M.Desai
ShriE.S.Desai(Alternate)
Fire&SafetyAppliancesCo,Kolkata
ShriS.N.Kundu
HomeDepartment(FireService),Chennai
Director
DeputyDirector(Alternate)
Home(PoliceDepartment),GovtofAndhraPradesh,Hyderabad
ShriSwaranjitSen
DeputyDirector(Alternate)
IndianRayon,Delhi
ShriS.K.Sureka
InstitutionofFire(India),Delhi
President
GeneralSecretary(Alternate)
KooverjiDevshi&Co(P)Ltd,Mumbai
ShriP.H.Sethna
ShriN.T.Panjwani(Alternate)
K.V.FireChemicals,Mumbai
ShriH.M.Sabadra
LossPreventionAssociationIndia,Mumbai
ManagingDirector
ShriD.K.Sarkar(Alternate)
MECON,Ranchi
ShriSunilDas
ShriR.N.Chachra(Alternate)
MinistryofHomeAffairs,NewDelhi
ShriD.K.Shami
MinistryofDefence,NewDelhi
ShriP.K.Chatterjee
ShriH.S.Kaparwan(Alternate)
NationalAirportAuthority,NewDelhi
DirectorofEquipment
DyDirector(Alternate)
Newageindustries,Gujarat
ShriB.J.Shah
ShriA.M.Shah(Alternate)
Oil&NaturalGasCommission,DehraDun
ShriR.P.Saxena
ShriNeerajSharma(Alternate)
OilIndustriesSafetyDirectorate,MinistryofPetroleum&NaturalGas ShriSanjeeviGanesanK.
55
ShriD.K.Varshney(Alternate)
RailwayBoard,Delhi
AssttSecurityCommissioner(Fire)
RealValueAppliances,Mumbai
ShriAshutoshMangal
SafexFireServices,Mumbai
ShriJitendraShah
SteelageIndustriesLtd,Chennai/Delhi
ShriShivNath
ShriV.Kamalanatha(Alternate)
SteelAuthorityofIndiaLtd,Rourkela
ShriB.N.Das
ShriB.P.Das(Alternate)
SteelAuthorityofIndiaLtd,Bokaro
ShriA.Rautelau
ShriC.P.Singh(Alternate)
SurexProduction&SalesPvtLtd,Kolkata
ShriTaritSur
ShriD.Neogi(Alternate)
TariffAdvisoryCommittee,Ahmadabad/Delhi
ShriJ.N.Vakil
ShriT.R.A.Krishnan(Alternate)
VijayFireProtectionSystemPvtLtd,Mumbai
ShriHarishSalot
WestBengalFireService,Kolkata
ShriB.Pathak
InPersonalCapacity
ShriG.B.Menon
(HouseNo.33/2965A,VennaluHighSchoolRoad,Cochin)
InPersonalCapacity
ShriP.N.Panchal
(B1/64,Sector16,Rohini,Delhi)
BISDirectorateGeneral
ShriS.K.Jain,Director(CivEngg)
[RepresentingDirectorGeneral,(Exofficio)
MemberSecretary
ShriS.Chaturvedi
JointDirector(CivEngg),BIS
56
(Continuedfromsecondcover)
beoverlookedorgiveninsufficientattentionbysupervisors.Itis,however,neglectedatperiltothe
livesoftheoccupantsofthepremisesandalsoattheriskofcripplingfinancialstatusoftheowners.The
importanceofpropermaintenancecannotbetoohighlyemphasized.Whensprinklersystemsare
disabled,extraattentionsouldbepaidtofireprecautionsandtheappropriateauthoritiesinformed.This
hasbeendiscussedindetailinthiscode.
Thiscodehasbeendividedintoseveralsectionsandeachsectiondealselaboratelywithvarious
aspectsofthesprinklerprotectionsystem.Therequirementshavebeensupportedbyfiguresfor
illustrationandclarity.MainelementsofthesprinklerinstallationareshowninFig.1.Thecodeisvery
clearaboutwherethesystemisnotrequiredandwherethesystemscanbeexcluded.
Intheformulationofthisstandarddueweightagehasbeengiventointernationalcoordination
amongthestandardsandpracticesprevailingindifferentcountriesandconsiderableassistancehasbeen
derivedfromLPCandTACregulationswithsomeradicaldeparturesonareassuitabletoenvironmentin
India.
ThecompositionoftheCommitteeresponsiblefortheformulationofthisstandardisgivenin
AnnexB.
Forthepurposeofdecidingwhetheraparticularrequirementofthisstandardiscompliedwith,the
finalvalue,observedorcalculated,expressingtheresultofatest,shallberoundedoffinaccordancewith
IS2:1960Rulesforroundingoffnumericalvalues(revised).Thenumberofsignificantplacesretained
intheroundedoffvalueshouldbethesameasthatofthespecifiedvalueinthisstandard.
57
BureauofIndianStandards
BISisastatutoryinstitutionestablishedundertheBureauofIndianStandardsAct,1986to
promoteharmoniousdevelopmentoftheactivitiesofstandardization,markingandqualitycertificationof
goodsandattendingtoconnectedmattersinthecountry.
Copyright
BIShasthecopyrightofallitspublications.Nopartofthesepublicationsmaybereproducedin
anyformwithoutthepriorpermissioninwritingofBIS.Thisdoesnotprecludethefreeuse,inthe
courseofimplementingthestandard,ofnecessarydetails,suchassymbolsandsizes,typeorgrade
designations.EnquiriesrelatingtocopyrightbeaddressedtotheDirector(Publications),BIS.
ReviewofIndianStandards
Amendmentsareissuedtostandardsastheneedarisesonthebasisofcomments.Standardsare
alsoreviewedperiodicallyastandardalongwithamendmentsisreaffirmedwhensuchreviewindicates
thatnochangesareneededifthereviewindicatesthatchangesareneeded,itistakenupforrevision.
UsersofIndianStandardsshouldascertainthattheyareinpossessionofthelatestamendmentsor
editionbyreferringtothelatestissueofBISCatalogueandStandards:MonthlyAdditions.
ThisIndianStandardhasbeendevelopedfromDoc:No.CED22(4777).
AmendmentsIssuedSincePublication
AmendNo.
DateofIssue
TextAffected
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