ICDL User Guide PDF

ICDL Computer Based Training Programme
International Computer Driving Licence
Courseware
User Guide
Capernaum Ltd., Trading as Advance Learning 2004
Contents
1. Introduction
2. About ICDL
3. How to Turn On Your PC
4. How to Use the Mouse
13
5. How to Use the Keyboard
15
6. Getting to Know the Desktop
21
7. Keyboard Shortcuts
25
8. Course Outline
29
9. Quiz Questions
49
10. Glossary of Technical Terms
51
1. Introduction
Advance Learning is a successful and highly-regarded education and elearning company. We provide technologically advanced products, including
courseware, computer-based learning tools, and professional services that
are designed to enhance our clients' personal and professional lives and
productivity.
This Advance Learning course caters for anybody wishing to prepare for the
ICDL exam. The core element of Advance Learning's ICDL CBT programme is
the CD-ROM, which contains the main content of this course. This User Guide
complements and supports the CD-ROM. It works on three levels. First, it
describes the background and history of the ICDL, and explains how to go
about getting your certification. Second, it provides instructions for running
the CD-ROM, and getting the most out of the course. It also introduces the
basics of a computer screen and the physical components you need to use to
operate your computer. Finally, it acts as a guide to this course: it details the
ICDL syllabus featured in the course, and lists and explains the several
hundred technical terms that you will meet in this course.
We hope that you enjoy this Advance Learning product and that you have a
rewarding learning experience.
If you'd like to find out more about our company or our products, visit us at
our Web site, www.advancelearning.com
2. About ICDL
What is ICDL?
The International Computer Driving Licence (ICDL) is the worldwide qualification
that enables people to demonstrate their competence in computer skills.
The ICDL is designed specifically for those who wish to gain a basic qualification
in computing to help them with their current job, develop their IT skills, and
enhance their career prospects. No prior knowledge of IT or computer skills is
needed to study the ICDL.
The ICDL is fast becoming the most widely recognised qualification in the field of
work-related computer use, because it is targeted at the full spectrum of the
population, and because of the support and monitoring of the organisations
behind it.
How ICDL works

The ICDL syllabus is designed to cover the key concepts of computing, its
practical applications and their use in the workplace and society in general. It is
broken down into seven modules, each of which must be passed before the ICDL
certificate is awarded.
Candidates obtain, usually from a test centre, a Skills Card or Log Book listing all
the modules. As they pass each module, the accredited test centre will sign the
Skills Card or Log Book. The modules may be taken in any order and over any
period of time (up to three years) even all at once offering maximum
flexibility. When all the modules have been successfully completed, the Skills Card
or Log Book is exchanged for a certificate.
The seven modules that make up the ICDL are:
Basic concepts of IT
Using the computer and managing files
Word processing
Spreadsheets
Database
Presentation
Information and Communication
Benefits of the ICDL

ICDL is designed to help people at work and at home:
For home users, it provides a relevant and up-to-date syllabus

that covers basic computer skills in a range of applications,
assisting them in becoming familiar with computers for their own
uses.
For employees, it provides a qualification with recognition across

Europe.
For potential employers, it provides a precise measurement of

skills.
For current employers, it provides a standard to encourage

employees to aim towards.
Background of the ECDL / ICDL

In 1994 the Computer Driving Licence was launched in Finland. Since then, over
24,000 people have received their licence in that country. The Council of European
Professional Informatics Societies (CEPIS) established the User Skills Task Force
in April 1995 to investigate the possibility of adopting the Finnish Computer
Driving Licence and making it into a qualification for all of Europe. This study
resulted in the formation of the ECDL Foundation. To date, the ECDL has been
introduced in twelve European countries, and has met widespread enthusiastic
support, from industry, voluntary groups, state agencies, educational bodies
(public and private, second level, third level and vocational) and private
individuals, those who are both employed and those who are seeking
employment.
In 1999 the ICDL, the International Computer Driving Licence, was established as
a result of the success of the ECDL in Europe. The concept and syllabus of both
are the same. The ICDL qualification is now being recognised internationally in
over fifty countries around the globe, including Australia, Canada, and South
Africa.
ECDL at National Level

Within Europe, national computer societies who are members of CEPIS subscribe
to the ECDL Foundation for a licence to operate the ECDL concept within their own
country. The ECDL Foundation is located in Dublin, Ireland, and ensures that all
of the affiliated national ECDL organisations operate to the high standards
required of them. The national organisations then issue licences to different
centres around their countries to administer the ECDL exams. All of the centres
operate using strict guidelines from the central ECDL Foundation. For
organisations in non-European countries, the ECDL Foundation will licence
organisations as Licensees, but these groups do not become members of the
ECDL Foundation.
Local Test Centres

The local test centres that are licensed by their national ECDL/ICDL organisations
are many and varied. These centres include schools, universities, and vocational
colleges, as well as private and state-run training centres. Each is chosen for its
rigorous adherence to the ECDL/ICDL international testing standards. Together,
they constitute a tightly controlled network of outlets for the Computer Driving
Licence.
Individuals can sit tests for different modules of the licence in any ECDL/ICDL
testing centre, in any country. It is completely standardised. To find out about
local test centres, contact your local computer society.
How to get started

Registration
The first thing you need to do is to enrol in the programme. In order to do this
you must register with the National Licensee of your country. There is a
registration fee see the National Licensee of your country for details.
Skills Card/Log Book

Once you have registered, your National Licensee will issue you with a Skills Card
or Log Book which lists the seven modules. It is used to record your results in
each of the seven tests that make up the Licence. As you pass the test for each
module, the corresponding skill is marked on your Skills Card or Log Book by the
accredited test centre. Once you have passed all seven tests you will be awarded
your Licence.
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Training
Whether or not you will require training for the Computer Driving Licence will
depend on your skill level. You are not required to do any official training. If you
feel you are already sufficiently experienced you can purchase a Skills Card or Log
Book and start taking the tests immediately. However in most cases people
undergo training, especially in areas where they lack competency.
Tests
The seven tests may be taken in any order and over a period of time. All tests are
free of any bias towards any computer producer or software product. The first
module is a theory test and all of the others are tests of practical skills, which
consist of tasks chosen at random from a store of typical day-to-day computer
operations. In this way the tests are as close as possible to tasks that you could
be asked to perform in real-life, so that the ICDL is a definition of your actual
skills.
The tests are conducted by accredited Test Centres. There is a charge for each
test, the details of which can be obtained from the Centres. Once you
have passed all seven tests, send your Skills Card or Log Book to your National
Licensee where they will exchange it for the Computer Driving Licence.
3. How to Turn On Your PC

The first step in using your PC is knowing what to turn on and how to go about it.
In general, you should turn on the monitor and anything else connected to your
computer, such as a scanner or speakers (known as 'peripherals'), before you turn
on the computer itself. Like most electrical devices, computers and their
peripherals have an on/off switch. The computer's on/off switch is usually
located on the front, but on some models it's on the side or the back.
1.
Turn on the monitor power button.
2.
Turn on any other peripheral devices if you have them, such as

speakers.
3.
Turn on the main power button.
4.
Make sure that the PC, the monitor, and any peripherals are
plugged in.
How to install this CD:

After you have turned on and started up your PC, follow these steps to install the
CD.
1. Remove the CD from the case.

2. Locate the CD-drive and click the CD-drive button to open it.
3. Insert the CD, with the label facing upwards.
4. Click the CD-drive button to close it.

The CD starts to run automatically and guides you through the logon process.
Note: if the course doesn't display within a few seconds of inserting the CD-ROM,
this indicates that the AutoRun feature may not be enabled on your computer. If
this is the case, you will have to run the CD manually. To run the CD manually,
insert it into the CD drive, click Start, point to Run. In the Run text box, type
d:\Advance_Learning.exe (where d is the letter of your CD-ROM drive), and
click OK.
CD-ROM system requirements
There are a few things that your PC needs to run the Advance Learning CD-ROM.
Chances are that you will have them. Before you insert the CD-ROM, check that
you have the following:
A Pentium (or compatible) Processor, 133MHz
16 MB RAM, or greater
8 x CD-ROM drive, or greater
Windows 95/98/ME/NT 4.0/2000
16-bit sound card
There are also a few settings required to see the course at its best:
Minimum resolution: 800 x 600
Recommended resolution: 1024 x 768
Minimum colour setting is 256 Colors
Recommended colour setting is True Color (32 Bit)
You can check these settings on your computer, and change them if necessary in
Control Panel. To change the appearance of your screen, you can modify both the
colours used in the display screen, and the size of the screen area, or resolution.
Colors
The Colors setting on your computer determines the number of colours that your
monitor will use to display images and pictures.
The minimum colour requirement, 256 Colors, will use 256 different colours to
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create images and pictures. However, the recommended colour mode, True Color
(32 Bit) will use several million colours, to create sharper, clearer, and more
realistic images and pictures.
1. Click Start, point to Settings, and then click Control Panel.
2. Double-click the Display icon.
3. Click the Settings tab.
4. To view the various colour options, under Colors, (in some
operating systems, this is called the Color Palette), click the
Color arrow.
5. To change to True Color (32 Bit), click this option in the Color list.
Resolution
Screen resolution is the number of pixels contained on a display monitor,
expressed in terms of the number of pixels on the horizontal axis and the number
on the vertical axis. Pixels are minute units of color, which make up the images
displayed on your screen. The sharpness of an image or picture will depend on the
resolution setting of your monitor.
Low resolution setting, such as 640 x 480, make items on screen appear larger,
and high resolution settings, such as 1024 x 786, make items on screen appear
smaller. In addition, if your resolution is 800 x 600, your taskbar may obscure part
of the Advance Learning screen. We strongly recommend that if your
resolution is 800x600, you change the settings so that the taskbar hides
if it is not in use. To do this, right-click the taskbar and click Properties. On the
Taskbar Options tab, check the Auto hide option.
The recommended resolution for this course is 1024 x 768. With this resolution,
the overall screen will appear larger, and will therefore display more, and the
taskbar won't obscure the course.
To change your resolution to the recommended resolution:
1. Click Start, point to Settings, and then click Control Panel.
2. Double-click the Display icon.
3. Click the Settings tab.
4. Click the Screen Area arrow, and move it to the left or right, until the
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resolution 1024 x 768 pixels is reached.

5. To apply any screen changes and close the Display Properties
dialog box, click OK.
6. To close Control Panel, click the Close button.
Audio requirements
This course contains audio, so to run the course you will need either speakers or
headphones, and a sound card. If you have headphones, you'll need to plug them
in. You can plug them in either on the speakers, or at the back of your PC.
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4. How to Use the Mouse

Operating the mouse is an easy and essential part of using a computer. If you've
never used a mouse before, this section provides an introduction to the basics and
an explanation of the terms used to describe the various mouse actions.
The mouse is a small plastic device connected to the computer by a cable. It has
two buttons for 'clicking', and a ball or rollers on its base to register its
movements.
There are many different types of mouse for example, with three buttons
instead of two, or with a wheel on top for 'scrolling'. You might find other
variations, such as trackballs and touchpads, on laptop computers. The designs
may work slightly differently, but the principles of using the mouse are the same.
Let's look at how to use the standard two-button mouse.
The mouse should be placed on the desk within easy reach. The mouse pad
provides better traction than most desks, so use this as the surface for the mouse.
You can use whichever hand feels most comfortable most right-handed users
prefer to use their right hand for moving the mouse.
When you move the mouse, the pointer on the screen moves in the
corresponding direction. The pointer normally looks like an arrow (left),
but it can change its appearance depending on what you are doing. For
example, when you are using a word processing application, the pointer becomes
an I -shape for selecting text (left), and the point where text will appear
when you type is indicated by a flashing line, known as a cursor. There
are numerous other pointer types, including a pointing hand in Web
browsing applications, and a double-headed arrow used for resizing objects in
many applications.
Try out each of the mouse actions as described below. Don't be afraid to
experiment with the mouse some of the techniques, such as double-clicking,
can seem difficult at first, but they become easy with a little practice.
Pointing Move the mouse on the mousepad with your hand.
As you move the mouse, the pointer on the screen moves in
the same direction. If you run out of space on the mouse pad,
simply lift the mouse, reposition it, and move it again. Pointing
is used to move the pointer, or cursor, around the screen.
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Clicking Quickly press and release the left mouse button

once. Clicking allows you to interact with the computer by
selecting items and commands on the screen.
Right-clicking Quickly press and release the right mouse

button. Right-clicking is used for a number of tasks, such as
accessing shortcut menus. It is used less often than clicking
the left mouse button.
Double-clicking Quickly press and release the left mouse

button twice. Double-clicking can be tricky to begin with, but
it becomes easy with a little practice. It is used to open files
and folders quickly, to launch applications quickly, and to
perform certain other tasks.
Drag and drop A technique used to move objects on the

screen. First point at an object with the mouse, click to
select it, then, keeping the left mouse button held down,
move the mouse pointer to a different part of the screen.
Highlighting
Used for selecting text. Move the mouse
cursor to, for example, the start of a word. Click the left
mouse button once, then, keeping the left mouse button held
down, move the mouse pointer to the end of the word. This
technique can be applied to any amount of text.
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5. How to Use the Keyboard

The keyboard is the main device for input of data to most computers, so it's
important to pick up a few basic keyboard skills. Thankfully, you don't need to
know what every key is for, and you don't have to be able to type. With just a few
of the basic keys you should be able to use your computer you'll pick the rest
up as you go along.
Although there are some variations, most keyboards look something like this.
They consist of three rows of letter keys, surrounded by various other special
keys. The keyboard is used for interacting with the computer in a number of ways,
including typing text, entering commands, and using other shortcut and function
keys. Many of the functions that the keys perform can also be performed by using
the mouse. Whether you use the mouse, the keyboard, or both for these tasks is
up to you there is no one correct method.
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Keys:
1. Letter keys. Used for entering text. The letter keys are arranged in the same
way as on a standard typewriter. To type a capital, you need to keep the SHIFT
key held down when typing. If you need to type more than a few capital letters,
you can press the CAPS LOCK key once, and then continue typing. The letters you
type will appear as capitals.
2. SPACEBAR. The SPACEBAR key is used for entering a space between words
or letters.
3. Number keys. The number keys appear in two places on the keyboard: in a
row above the letter keys, and in a separate section at the right of the keyboard.
The number keys at the right of the keyboard are arranged the same way as on
a calculator and are useful if you are typing a lot of numbers. Note, however, that
the Numeric Lock must be activated in order to use these keys press the NUM
LOCK key to do this. The row of number keys above the letter keys are more
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commonly used. Be careful not to confuse this row of keys with the row of function
keys at the top of the keyboard (numbers marked with the letter F).
5
9
8
7
6
4. ENTER/RETURN. The ENTER key, also sometimes called the RETURN key,
appears twice on the keyboard. It is used to insert a new paragraph when typing
text, just like a carriage return on a typewriter. The ENTER key has other
important uses: to activate commands (once you have typed them), and to launch
applications.
5. BACKSPACE. The BACKSPACE key is mainly used when working with text. It
moves the cursor one place to the left, removing each letter as it moves. Its main
use is for erasing typing mistakes.
6. SHIFT.
The SHIFT key also appears twice on the keyboard. It is used in
combination with another key or mouse action pressing the SHIFT key on its
own does nothing. For example, when SHIFT is held down and any letter key is
pressed, the letter becomes a capital. The SHIFT key is used in this way to access
the special characters, such as and *, that appear on the row of number keys.
7. CAPS LOCK. When Caps Lock is turned on, the letters you type appear as
capital letters. You only have to press it once to turn the Caps Lock on or off. It
is useful if you want to type more than just a few capital letters at a time. If you
need to type just a few capitals, the SHIFT key can be more convenient. Unlike
the SHIFT key however, the CAPS LOCK key applies only to letter keys.
8. DELETE. The DELETE key is used to erase selected objects, or sections of text.
When no text is selected in a text document, pressing the DELETE key erases the
characters to the right of the cursor one at a time. The DELETE key is also used
in certain key combinations (where more than one key is pressed simultaneously).
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9. TAB. The TAB key has a number of uses, which vary between applications. In
word processing applications, pressing the TAB key inserts a TAB character (a
blank space used for alignment). In spreadsheet and database applications,
pressing the TAB key moves the cursor from one cell to the next.
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11
10
11
10
10. CTRL. The CTRL key (pronounced 'control'), like the SHIFT key, is only used
in combination with another key or mouse action pressing the CTRL key on its
own does nothing. It also appears twice on the keyboard. Its uses include many
keyboard shortcuts (quick ways of performing tasks see the Keyboard Shortcuts
section on p.20).
11. ALT. The ALT key, like CTRL, is mainly used in shortcut key combinations.
Pressing ALT on its own is a shortcut method of accessing the File menu in most
applications.
12. ESC. The ESC key (pronounced 'escape'), is used in a variety of ways, including
shortcut key combinations. In many applications, pressing the ESC key allows you
to exit the menu you have clicked on, and in some cases, to close the application.
13
13
13
18
13. Special character keys. Special character keys include COMMA, COLON,
PLUS SIGN, MINUS SIGN, and various others. They are found in different places
on the keyboard, but most appear either to the right of the letter keys, or on the
same keys as the numbers. To access a symbol that appears on the top part of
any key, keep the SHIFT key held down while you press that key. To access the
symbol on the lower part of the key, just press it.
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15
15
14
14. Arrow keys. The arrow keys are most commonly used to move the cursor
in a text document. Pressing an arrow key moves the cursor one character in the
direction pressed.
15. Function keys. The function keys (F1 to F12) appear on the top row of the
keyboard. They are mainly used as shortcut keys for example, in many Windows
applications pressing F1 is a shortcut method of accessing Help. The function keys
are predefined, and their uses can vary from one application to another.
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20
6. Getting to Know the Desktop

Screen Terminology
If your computer is running the Windows operating system, the screen you see
when you switch on and log on to your computer is similar to the illustration
below. Most computers nowadays use the Windows operating system, which is the
program that controls and manages everything on your computer. You don't need
to know how it works just that it forms the basis for everything you'll do on your
computer. There are different versions of Windows, including Windows 95,
Windows 98, Windows NT, and Windows 2000, but they all look and work more or
less the same.
21
If you're new to using Windows, you might find the screen terminology a little
hard to get used to at first. But don't worry you'll soon become familiar with the
terms used to describe the various parts of the screen. The above illustration
shows a typical Microsoft Windows 2000 screen, with a commonly used
application Microsoft Word.
1. Desktop
The display area. The desktop displays commonly used program
icons and other objects, and acts as the screen backdrop. It resembles an office
desktop objects can be moved around and rearranged on the desktop. Windows,
menus, and dialog boxes also appear on the desktop.
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2. Desktop icon
A small graphical image displayed on the desktop. Desktop
icons can represent applications such as Microsoft Word, utilities such as My

Computer, and other items such as files, folders, and windows. By double-clicking
on an icon, you open up the application, utility, file, or folder that it represents.
3. Taskbar Displays taskbar buttons that show which applications are open. By
clicking on a taskbar button you can switch to that application.
4. Start button A button on the taskbar that activates the main menu when
clicked. The main menu contains a number of items including Programs (from
which applications can be launched), Help, and Shut Down (which contains further
options for closing down the computer).
5. Taskbar button A button on the taskbar that represents an application. By
clicking on a taskbar button you can switch to that application. The taskbar button
of the active application (the application currently being used) always appears
'pressed in' on the taskbar.
6. Window
The area of the screen that displays an application. Application
windows typically consist of a number of features including a title bar, a toolbar,

a menu bar, and a status bar. Windows are resizable, and many windows can be
viewed simultaneously. Messages and documents within applications can also
appear in separate smaller windows.
7. Title bar The horizontal bar that appears at the top of a window. The title bar
is typically blue, and normally displays the window name and various buttons for
resizing or closing the window.
8. Menu bar The bar that appears near the top of the window and displays the
menu names. Menus can be activated by clicking on the name, which causes a
drop-down menu to appear, with a list of commands.
9. Menu
A list of command choices. Menus can be accessed by clicking the
relevant name on the menu bar. Commands that are unavailable appear in grey
instead of black text. Other menu types include submenus (accessed by clicking
other menu commands), and shortcut menus (accessed by right-clicking an object
such as an icon).
10. Toolbar A row of buttons known as tools. Clicking a toolbar button allows
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you to execute a specific task or function, such as printing or saving. Tasks

performed by using the toolbar buttons can also be performed by using the
menus; using the toolbar buttons provides a quicker alternative.
11. Status bar The bar that appears at the bottom of the application window,
indicating the current status or activity of the program
12. Scroll bar The bar located along the edge of the window that enables you
to move up and down, and from left to right in the window display area.
13. Close button The x button on the title bar that closes the window when
clicked. The Close button acts as a quick alternative to using menus.
14. Restore down button The button on the title bar that returns a window to
its previous size.
15. Minimize button The button on the title bar (marked with a horizontal line)
that hides the window without closing it. When the Minimize button is clicked, the
window is reduced to an icon or a button on the taskbar.
16. Maximize button
The button on the title bar (marked with a small
rectangle) that expands a window to its full size on the screen or within another
window.
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7. Keyboard Shortcuts
Shortcuts
In the Advance Learning ICDL course, you will learn how to perform a wide range
of computer-related tasks. As with many things, there is often more than one way
to perform a particular task. For example, if you want to print a Microsoft Word
document that you have just typed (Module 3: Word Processing Printing), you
could click Print on the File menu. An alternative way to complete the same task
would be to click the Print button on the toolbar, or to use the shortcut key
combination CTRL+P (keep the CTRL key pressed, and press P on the keyboard).
There is no one way that is better than any other you should use whichever
method suits you best.
Using shortcut keys can be a good way to save time, especially for the more
advanced computer user. Most computer applications come with some preset
shortcut keys, typically consisting of a combination of keys, such as the CTRL key
and a letter on the keyboard. The function keys (marked F1 to F12 at the top of
the keyboard) are used exclusively as shortcut keys. It is also possible to define
your own shortcut keys in many applications.
Some of the most frequently used predefined shortcut keys are displayed in the
following tables.
Databases
task
Microsoft Access 2000
Open
CTRL+O
New
CTRL+N
Save
CTRL+S
Print
CTRL+P
Spelling
F7
Cut
CTRL+X
Copy
CTRL+C
Paste
CTRL+V
Find & Replace
CTRL+F
Help
F1
Check Spelling
F7
Select All records
CTRL+A
25
Spreadsheets
task
Microsoft Excel
Pro
Lotus 123
Open
CTRL+O
CTRL+O
Print
CTRL+P
CTRL+P
Go To
CTRL+G
CTRL+G
Find & Replace
CTRL+F
CTRL+F
Check Spelling
F7
CTRL+F2
Cut
CTRL+X
CTRL+X
Copy
CTRL+C
CTRL+C
Paste
CTRL+V
CTRL+V
Help
F1
F1
Save
CTRL+S
CTRL+S
New
CTRL+N
Word Processing
task
Microsoft Word
2000
Corel
WordPerfect
Lotus Word
Pro
Open
CTRL+O
CTRL+O
CTRL+O
Print
CTRL+P
CTRL+P
CTRL+P
Go To
CTRL+G
CTRL+G
CTRL+G
Find & Replace
CTRL+F
CTRL+F2
CTRL+F
Check Spelling
F7
CTRL+F1
CTRL+F2
Insert Page Break
CTRL+Enter
CTRL+Enter
CTRL+Enter
Cut
CTRL+X
CTRL+X
CTRL+X
Copy
CTRL+C
CTRL+C
CTRL+C
Paste
CTRL+V
CTRL+V
CTRL+V
Help
F1
F1
F1
Save
CTRL+S
CTRL+S
CTRL+S
Select All
CTRL+A
New
CTRL+N
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Presentations
task
Microsoft Powerpoint 2000
Open
CTRL+O
New
CTRL+N
Save
CTRL+S
Print
CTRL+P
Spelling
F7
Cut
CTRL+X
Copy
CTRL+C
Paste
CTRL+V
Find & Replace
CTRL+F
Help
F1
Select All
CTRL+A
View Show
F5
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8. Course Outline
The Advance Learning ICDL course was designed according to the curriculum
provided by the ICDL Foundation. The ECDL Foundation have reviewed and
approved our product for compliance with their requirements. You can see the
outline clearly on the Course Map screen when you open the CD-ROM. Here
follows a brief summary of the contents of each of the parts of the course.
Module 1 - Basic Concepts of Information Technology

Lesson Title
1 Getting
Started
Topic Title
Tasks
Introduction
Hardware, Software,
and Information
Technology
Overview of the basic

concepts of hardware,
software, and IT
Types of Computer
Understand and distinguish

between various types of
computer
Main Parts of a
Personal Computer
Overview of the main parts

of a personal computer
Summary
Quiz
2 Hardware
Introduction
The Central
Processing Unit
Understand what the CPU is,

and what it does
Input Devices
Know the various devices

for inputting data into a
computer
Output Devices
Know the various devices

for displaying the results of
computer processing
Summary
Quiz
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3 Storage
Introduction
Memory Storage
Devices
Understand and compare the

main types of memory
storage devices
Types of Memory
Learn about the different

types of computer memory
Measuring Memory
Understand how computer

memory is measured
Computer
Performance
Find out about the factors

that affect a computers
performance
Summary
Quiz
4 Software
Introduction
Types of Software
Understand the meaning of

the term software, and how
it is used
Operating System
Software
Understand the main roles of

a computers operating
system
Application Software
Learn about some common

software applications and
their functions
Systems
Development
Follow the computer systems

development process
Summary
Quiz
5 Information
Networks
Introduction
LAN and WAN
Understand what a network

is, and know the difference
between a LAN and a WAN
The Telephone
Network in
Computing
Learn how telephone

networks are used in
computing
30
Electronic Mail
Find out about e-mail, and

how it works
The Internet
Learn about the Internet,

and how it works
Summary
Quiz
6 Computers in
Everyday Life
Introduction
Computers in the
Home
Appreciate the many uses

and importance of the PC at
home
Computers at Work
and in Education
Find out about the uses of

office applications
Computers in Daily
Life
Discover how computers are

used in everyday life
Summary
Quiz
7 IT and Society
Introduction
A Changing World
Find out how the Information

Age is changing the way we
live
A Good Workspace
Understand the importance

of a good working
environment
Health and Safety
Learn what health & safety

precautions should be taken
with computers
Summary
Quiz
8 Security,
Copyright and
the Law
Introduction
31
Security
Find out how to protect your

data from system failure and
intrusion
Computer Viruses
Learn about computer

viruses
Copyright
Understand the legal issues

associated with copying files
Data Protection Act
Discover the implications of

the Data Protection Act
Summary
Quiz
32
Module 2 - Using the Computer and Managing Files

Lesson Title
1 Getting
Started
Topic Title
Tasks
Introduction
First Steps with the
Computer
Start, shut down, and restart

the computer
Use the Help function
Summary
Quiz
2 Desktop
Environment
Introduction
Working with Icons
Recognise, select, and move

desktop icons
Create a desktop shortcut
Working with
Windows
Recognise the different parts

of an application and
desktop window
Resize an application and
desktop window
Identifying your
Computers Properties
View the computers basic

system information
Personalising your
Desktop
View the computers desktop

configuration
Summary
Quiz
3 Organising
Files
Introduction
Overview of Files and
Folders
Understand a basic directory

and folder structure
Create, examine, and rename
files and directories/folders
Recognise file types and view
file attributes
33
Copying, Moving, and

Deleting Files and
Folders
Select, copy, cut, paste, and

delete files and
directories/folders
Backing Up Files and

Folders
Format a diskette
Take backup copies of data
on to a diskette
Using the Find Tool
Use the Find tool to search

for files or folders based on
various criteria
Summary
Quiz
4 Simple Editing
Introduction
Using a Text Editing
Application
Open and close an editing

application
Save a file to a directory/
folder and onto a diskette
Summary
Quiz
5 Print
Management
Introduction
Printing
Print a document, and view a

print jobs progress
Change the default printer
Summary
Quiz
34
Module 3 - Word Processing

Lesson Title
1 Getting
Started
Topic Title
Tasks
Introduction
First steps with Word
Processing
Open and close a word

processing application
Create, save, open, and
close a document
Adjusting Basic
Settings
Change page and toolbar

display modes
Use magnification tool/zoom
tool
Document Exchange
Save documents under other

formats
Summary
Quiz
2 Basic
Operations
Introduction
Inserting Data
Insert characters, words,

text, paragraphs, symbols,
and page breaks in a
document
Selecting Data
Select characters, words,

text

Deleting Text
Use copy and paste tools

Delete text
Find and Replace
Use the Find and Replace

command
Summary
Quiz
3 Formatting
Introduction
35
Adjusting Text Type,

Size, and Colour
Change text size, type,

colour, and format
Adjusting Text Layout
Align, justify, and indent text

Change spacing and
hyphenate text
General Formatting
Use tabs, borders, and lists
Templates
Choose and use templates
Summary
Quiz
4 Finishing a
Document
Introduction
Styles and Pagination
Apply styles and page

numbering to text
Headers and Footers
Add and format headers and

footers
Spelling and
Grammar
Use spell-check and

grammar tools
Document Setup
Modify document setup and

margins
Summary
Quiz
5 Printing
Introduction
Prepare to Print
Summary
Quiz
36
Preview and print a

document
6 More
Advanced
Features
Introduction
Tables
Create and modify a table

Use automatic table
formatting tool
Pictures and Images
Add and modify images in a

document
Adding Shapes
Add and modify autoshapes

in a document
Importing Objects
Import a spreadsheet and

image file into a document
Mail Merge
Create a mailing list

Merge a mailing list and
letter
Summary
Quiz
37
Module 4 - Spreadsheets
Lesson Title
1 Getting
Started
Topic Title
Tasks
Introduction
First Steps with
Spreadsheets
Open and close a

spreadsheet application
Create, save, open, and
close a spreadsheet
Adjusting Basic
Settings
Change the spreadsheet

view mode, page view, and
toolbar display
Document Exchange
Save a spreadsheet under

other formats
Summary
Quiz
2 Basic
Operations
Introduction
Inserting Data
Enter numbers, text,

symbols, and simple
formulas in a cell
Selecting Data
Select adjacent and nonadjacent cells, rows, and

columns

Deleting Cells
Use the copy, cut, paste, and

delete tools
Using the Find Tool
Use the Find and Replace

command
Rows and Columns
Insert, modify, and delete

rows and columns
Sorting Data
Sort data in ascending and

descending numeric and
alphabetic order
Summary
Quiz
38
3 Formulas and
Functions
Introduction
Arithmetic and Logical
Formulas
Use arithmetic and logical

formulas
Recognise error messages
Working with
Functions
Use the Sum and Average

functions
Summary
Quiz
4 Formatting
Introduction
Formatting Cells Numbers
Format cells to display

number, date, currency, and
percentage styles
Formatting Cells Text
Format cell content
Formatting Cells Cell Ranges
Centre and align cell content

Add border effects to
selected cells
Spelling
Use the spell-check tool
Document Setup
Modify spreadsheet setup,

margin, and orientation
Add headers and footers
Summary
Quiz
5 Printing
Introduction
Printing Simple
Spreadsheet
Documents
Summary
Quiz
39
Preview and print a

spreadsheet
6 More
Advanced
Features
Introduction
Importing Objects
Import and modify objects in

a spreadsheet
Creating Charts and

Graphs
Produce charts and graphs
Modifying Charts and

Graphs
Modify, move, and delete

charts and graphs
Summary
Quiz
40
Module 5 - Databases
Lesson Title
1 Getting
Started
Topic Title
Tasks
Introduction
First Steps with
Databases
Open and close a database

application
Open, modify, save, and
close a database
Adjusting Basic
Settings
Change the database view

mode and toolbar display
Summary
Quiz
2 Creating a
Database
Introduction
Designing and
Planning a Database
Design and plan a database
Creating a Table
Create a database table
Setting Table
Properties
Create a primary key and

table index
Entering Data
Enter data in a database

table
Summary
Quiz
3 Making
Changes to a
Database
Introduction
Table Design
41
Modify table layout and field

attributes
Updating a Database
Modify and delete table data

Add and delete database
records
Summary
Quiz
4 Use of Forms
Introduction
Creating a Form
Create a form
Enter data using a form
Modifying Form
Layout
Format form text, color, and

layout
Summary
Quiz
5 Retrieve
Information
Introduction
Basic Operations
Create and save database

queries
Add and remove filters
Refining a Query
Add and remove query fields
Selecting and Sorting

Data
Select and sort data using

given criteria and operators
Summary
Quiz
6 Reporting
Introduction
Creating Reports
Create report to present data

in a sequence
Modifying Reports
Modify a report, and group

data in totals
Create report Headers and
Footers
Summary
Quiz
42
Module 6 - Presentations
Lesson Title
1 Getting
Started
Topic Title
Tasks
Introduction
First Steps with
Presentation Tools
Open and close a

presentation application
Open, modify, save, and
close a presentation
Adjusting Basic
Settings
Change the presentation

display mode and toolbar
display
Document Exchange
Save a presentation under

other formats
Summary
Quiz
2 Basic
Operations
Introduction
Creating a
Presentation
Choose and modify a slide

layout
Add an image and text to a
slide

Deleting Text
Copy, paste, cut, and delete

text

Deleting Images

an image

Deleting Slides
Copy, paste, cut, delete, and

reorder slides
Summary
Quiz
3 Formatting
Introduction
Formatting Text
43
Use various formatting tools

to change text font type,
size, colour, and position
Modifying Text Boxes
Resize, modify, and move a

text box in a slide
Summary
Quiz
4 Graphics and
Charts
Introduction
Drawn Objects
Add, modify, and move lines

and shapes in a slide
Charts
Create and modify an

organisational chart
Images and Other

Objects
Import, resize, copy, and

move an image or object
Summary
Quiz
5 Printing and
Distribution
Introduction
Slide Setup
Select a slide format, and

change slide orientation
Preparing for
Distribution
Add notes and page numbers

to slides
Use spell-check tool
Printing
Preview and print a

presentation document
Summary
Quiz
6 Slide Show
Effects
Introduction
Preset Animation
Effects
44

Use automatic table
formatting tool
Transitions
Add slide transition effects
Summary
Quiz
7 View a Slide
Show
Introduction
Delivering a
Presentation
Summary
Quiz
45
Start a slide show and

navigate through it
Module 7 - Information and Communication

Lesson Title
Topic Title
1 The Internet:
Getting
Started
Introduction
Tasks
First Steps with the

Internet
Open and close a Web

browsing application
Understand, display, and
save a Web address
Adjusting Basic
Settings
Change the Web browsing

application display modes
and toolbar display
Summary
Quiz
2 Web
Navigation
Introduction
Accessing a Web
Address
Open a Web address and

hyperlink
Browse a Web site and
collect data
Summary
Quiz
3 Web
Searching
Introduction
Using a Search
Engine

Use automatic table
formatting tool
Printing
Add and modify images in a

document
Summary
Quiz
46
4 Bookmarks
Introduction
Creating a Bookmark
Open and create Web page

bookmarks
Summary
Quiz
5 E-mail: Getting Introduction
Started
First Steps with
Electronic Mail
Open and close an electronic

mail application
Open a mail Inbox and mail
message
Adjusting Basic
Settings
Change the e-mail

application display modes
and toolbar display
Summary
Quiz
6 Messaging
Introduction
Sending a Message
Create, address, sign, and

send an e-mail message
Add a title and file to a
message

Deleting Text

message text
Delete a file attachment
Reading a Message
Open an e-mail message and

a file attachment
Replying to a
Message
Reply to and forward an email message
Summary
Quiz
47
7 Addressing
Introduction
Using Address Books
Use an address book

Add and delete mail
addresses from an address
book
Message to Several
Addresses
Reply to a message using a

distribution list
Use the Cc and Bcc fields
Summary
Quiz
8 Message
Management
Introduction
Organising Messages
Summary
Quiz
48
Create a new mail folder

Move, sort, and delete
messages
Empty the Deleted Items
folder
9. Quiz Questions
To help maximise your learning while using this course, there is a quiz section at
the end of each lesson. These quiz sections present a variety of interactive
questions, which you can use to test your knowledge and competency on a
particular lesson. The quizzes are useful in helping you to quickly revise a certain
topic, reinforce concepts already learned, and highlight areas in the course that
perhaps need more attention.
Similar to the modules and lessons themselves, you do not have to take the
quizzes in any particular order. They can be taken as often as you like, and at any
time during the course. However, it's a good idea to try a quiz soon after you
have completed the corresponding section of the course, to help assess how well
you have learnt the material covered and as an indicator as to whether a lesson
should be repeated.
A variety of question types are used: instructions on how to use each question
type are given within the questions. To submit your selected answer, you must
click the answer tab at the bottom of the question screen.
Feedback is provided with each question, and the type of feedback depends on
whether a question is correctly or incorrectly answered. We regard feedback as an
important instructional element, providing as it does explanations in the case of
an incorrect answer and supplementary information in the case of a correct
answer. We recommend that you take time to read the feedback.
All questions in a quiz are evenly weighted, and at the end of each quiz you are
given an overall percentage score. This score indicates what percentage of quiz
questions were correctly answered.
As part of the interactive CD-ROM, you can also view a Progress Report that
displays your scores for every quiz you have completed. To access the Progress
Report, click the Progress Report button positioned on the left side of the Course
Map.
You should note that, in answering these quizzes, you have not completed the
ICDL exam. These quizzes prepare you to take the ICDL exam, but do not in any
way constitute part of that exam.
49
50
10. Glossary
active Refers to something that is currently in use, such as an application or a
part of the screen. For example, if several applications are open, the active
application is the one that is currently being used and is indicated by a 'pressed
in' button on the taskbar.
address book
In e-mail applications, a collection or database of e-mail
addresses.
address list In e-mail applications, a list of e-mail addresses that you compile.
Various e-mail addresses are grouped together under a common name or title,
allowing you to then send e-mail to everyone on this list by simply referencing the
group name. Also known as a distribution list or mailing list.
American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII)
A numeric code given to each letter and character on the keyboard. For example,
the ASCII code for the letter 'b' is 98. By using the ASCII system, text and other
files can be transferred between computers.
analog Refers to an electronic transmission or signal of varying frequency. Phone
and broadcast transmissions are examples of analog technology. Digital
technology, on the other hand, is based on discrete units (0 and 1). Compare
digital.
animation
Simulated movement of on-screen images, created by a series of
successive static images. Many software applications have been designed for the
creation of animated computer images and this has greatly aided the
development of multimedia presentations.
anti-surge device A device that protects computers and other electrical devices
from electrical surges (sudden increases in voltage). Also called a surge protector.
anti-virus software: Software that scans a computer system to identify, locate,
and destroy viruses. The program scans a computer's memory and hard disk to
search for possible threats. It is also capable of scanning floppy disks and CDs in
order to protect a computer from viruses present in incoming files. The anti-virus
software must be updated on a regular basis, in order to protect against new
viruses that appear.
application A program designed to perform a specific task for the computer user.
51
Examples of applications include word processing and database programs, and

Web browsers.
ASCII Short for American Standard Code for Information Interchange. A numeric
code given to each letter and character on the keyboard. For example, the ASCII
code for the letter 'b' is 98. By using the ASCII system, text and other files can
be transferred between computers.
attach To add a document or file to an e-mail.
audio Anything relating to hearing or sound.
back up To make a duplicate copy of a program, file, or data, in order to protect
in case of system failure or other catastrophe.
background
The combination of colour, texture, patterns, and pictures that
make up the surface of the desktop. Icons, bars, and buttons appear against the
desktop background.
backup A duplicate copy made in order to protect against system failure or other
catastrophe. A backup copy is usually stored on a different medium (tape or disk),
or in a separate location to the original copy (to protect against catastrophe such
as fire or flood). This ensures that the backup can be recovered in case the
original data is lost. Also called duplicate copy.

bar chart
A diagram in which data is represented in the form of vertical or
horizontal bars. Bars are differentiated by colours and patterns, and values are
represented by the lengths of the bars. Also called a bar graph.
bar code An identifying code in the form of parallel rectangular bars of varying
widths. The code represents binary information and is read by being passed
through a bar code scanner. Bar codes provide a fast and error-free means of
identifying items in such places as a library or a shop.
baud A unit of measurement of data transmission speed. The baud is named
after the French inventor of the Baudot telegraph code, J.M.E. Baudot. The baud
is normally used to measure data transmission speeds of modems and, at slow
speeds, can be said to represent the number of bits transmitted per second.
bcc Short for blind carbon copy. In e-mail applications, a facility that allows you
to secretly send an exact copy of a message to additional recipients. With bcc, the
direct recipient is unaware of the other addresses to which the message has been
sent.
52
binary digit Either of the two numbers (1 and 0) in the binary numeric system.
A binary digit is also known as a bit. A bit represents the smallest amount of data
stored by a computer. Eight bits make up a byte.
bit Either of the two numbers (1 and 0) in the binary numeric system. A bit
represents the smallest amount of data stored by a computer. Eight bits make up
a byte. A bit is also known as a binary digit.
bitmap A representation of binary data in the form of an image of individual bits.
A bit can represent an individual pixel or a number of pixels. Bitmaps are normally
associated with graphic images.
bits per second (bps) The unit of measurement used to measure speed of data
transfer of networks and communication systems. The speed in bps is equal to the
number of bits sent or received in one second. While bps is the basic unit of
measurement, the transmission speed of modern communication devices is now
so fast that it is usually measured in multiples of bps, kilobits per second (Kbps).
One Kbps is equal to one thousand bits sent or received in one second.
blind carbon copy (bcc) In e-mail applications, a facility that allows you to
secretly send an exact copy of a message to additional recipients. With bcc, the
direct recipient is unaware of the other addresses to which the message has been
sent.
bold A font style available in many applications. Bold is applied to text so that
the text appears dark and heavy and stands out more distinctly. For example, in
this sentence, the word text is bold.
bookmark In Web browsing applications, a link you can create to a web page
that you commonly access. Using a bookmark saves you from having to type in
the Web address of the page, or find it using a search engine.
bookmark folder In Web browsing applications, a folder for storage of shortcuts
to favourite Web pages and sites that you have bookmarked. A bookmark folder
is also known as a Favorites folder in Microsoft Internet Explorer.
bps Short for bits per second. The unit of measurement used to measure speed
of data transfer of networks and communication systems. The speed in bps is
equal to the number of bits sent or received in one second. While bps is the basic
unit of measurement, the transmission speed of modern communication devices
is now so fast that it is usually measured in multiples of bps, kilobits per second
(Kbps). One Kbps is equal to one thousand bits sent or received per second.
53
button
1. Part of a dialog box in a graphical user interface that you click to
perform an action. 2. The part of a mouse that you press to click.

byte Short for binary term. A unit of computer storage or data, made up of 8
binary digits, or bits. A byte is the unit of storage commonly used to represent a
single character, such as a letter or a number.
CAD
Short for computer-aided design. A branch of computing that aids
architectural, mechanical, and electrical design. CAD applications, for example,

can be used to create two-dimensional or three-dimensional designs, while also
providing additional functions to aid design and presentation.
CAE Short for computer-aided engineering. Software that performs engineering
tests on designs created on a computer system. CAE can be used to perform tests
such as electronic circuit testing and structural analysis. Most CAD systems
include some CAE features.
capacity
The maximum amount of data or information that a computer can
store.
carbon copy (cc) In e-mail applications, a facility that allows an exact copy of
a message to be sent to additional recipients. The message is sent to the direct
recipient and the copy is sent to the address marked in the carbon copy field. Use
of the carbon copy field implies that the message is simply for the information of
the copy recipient. Also called courtesy copy.
cartridge
Any of a variety of forms of storage devices consisting, in part, of
plastic casing.
cc Acronym for carbon copy. In e-mail applications, a facility that allows an exact
copy of a message to be sent to additional recipients. Use of the carbon copy field
implies that the message is simply for the information of the copy recipient. Also
called courtesy copy.
CD
Short for compact disc. A data storage device, capable of storing large
amounts of data. A CD can store roughly 650 MB, approximately 450 times that
of a floppy disk. The data on a CD is read using laser optics. Though most
commonly used to store music, CDs can store any kind of data files.
CD-ROM Short for compact disc read-only memory. A read-only data storage
device, capable of storing large amounts of data. A CD-ROM can store roughly 650
MB, approximately 450 times that of a floppy disk. The data on a CD-ROM is read
using laser optics. A CD-ROM is often referred to as a CD.
54
CD-ROM drive A device that can read data from a CD-ROM. The CD-ROM drive
reads data by means of an optical laser, which is focussed on the CD-ROM.
cell The name given to the unit of a spreadsheet that occurs at the intersection
of a column and a row. The cell is used to enter text, a formula, or a value into
the spreadsheet.
cell referencing In spreadsheet applications, the defined use of data within a
cell in relation to other cells, data, and formulas.
central processing unit (CPU) The central unit for computing and processing
within the computer. The CPU controls the implementation of the instructions
contained within a computer program. In most modern computers, the CPU is
usually composed of a single silicon chip. Also known as a processor.
character A single number, letter, punctuation mark, or symbol. A character is
equivalent to a single byte of data in computer memory.
chip A device, normally made of silicon (or other semiconductor material), that
consists of tiny electrical circuits. Chips are used as processors and memory in
computers.
click To press down, and immediately release a mouse button without moving
the mouse.
client In a network, a computer that requests resources from another computer
called a server. On a local area network (LAN), the client computer may request
access to network resources such as hardware devices or software applications
from a server computer. On a larger network, such as the Internet, a client
computer may request access to data and files.
column 1. In database applications, a type of field. 2. In word processing and
spreadsheet applications, a series of items of data arranged vertically within a
table format.
command
An instruction you give to a computer to perform a specific task.
Commands can be issued in the form of typed commands, or options selected

(such as from a menu) in a graphical user interface (GUI).
compact disc (CD) A data storage device, capable of storing large amounts of
data. A CD can store roughly 650 MB, approximately 450 times that of a floppy
disk. The data on a CD is read using laser optics.
computer A programmable machine, capable of responding to a specific set of
55
instructions in order to produce a desired result. The machinery that physically

makes up the computer is called hardware. The information and instructions
stored in the computer are called software.
computer-aided design (CAD) A branch of computing that aids architectural,
mechanical, and electrical design. CAD applications, for example, can be used to
create two-dimensional or three-dimensional designs, while also providing
additional functions to aid design and presentation.
computer-aided engineering (CAE) Software that performs engineering tests
on designs created on a computer system. CAE can be used to perform tests such
as electronic circuit testing and structural analysis. Most CAD systems include
some CAE features.
configuration The sum of a computer's components, or the way that it is set up.
Configuration refers to either hardware or software, or a combination of both. For
example, configuration for a PC will include a floppy disk, a hard disk, memory, a
monitor, and an operating system. Configuration of a new application or device
relates to setting and defining various options that will determine the way the
application or device works with your computer.
Control Panel A folder that allows you to control and change various aspects of
the computer's operating system and configuration. With Control Panel, you can
adjust such aspects of the operating system as the date and time settings, specify
settings for hardware such as the mouse and other devices, and install and
remove software applications.
copyright
The legal protection of intellectual and creative property. Software
copyright protects the rights of the software producer as regards use and
distribution of the product. Copyright laws are also relevant to the legal status of
creative and original material as communicated on a network, such as the
Internet. Copyright law in these areas is still developing.
CPU
Short for central processing unit. The central unit for computing and
processing within the computer. The CPU deals with the instructions contained
within a computer program. In most modern computers, the CPU is usually
composed of a single silicon chip. Also known as a processor.
CPU speed A measure of the capability of a central processing unit (CPU) to
process data. CPU speed is normally measured in MHz.
crash A sudden and serious failure of a computer application, operating system,
56
or hard disk, that results in the software application, operating system, or drive
becoming inoperable. A crash of a computer can cause loss of data.
cursor A moveable symbol used to mark the point that text will appear on-screen
when typed. The cursor is usually a solid rectangle or a blinking underline
character, and can be moved by using the arrow keys or a mouse.
DAT Short for digital audio tape. A magnetic tape that acts as a storage medium
for data. DAT is often used to provide backup storage of data.
data Items of information formatted in a way that can be read by computers.
data cartridge A cartridge for storage of computer data.
data file A file that contains data in text, graphics, or numeric format. Data files
are different to executable or program files, which contain programs that can be
run.
Data Protection Act Legislation introduced in a number of countries to protect
the privacy of the individual in regard to data compilation. In the UK and Ireland
the legislation is called the Data Protection Act. While the act varies from country
to country, its general provisions include guidelines as regards the compilation
and use of information, and the rights of the individual to access such data
sources. The act generally applies to either paper or electronic data, or both.
data transmission
The process of sending and receiving information using
electronic devices.
data transmission speed The rate of transfer of electronic data.
database A file of related records stored in tables. Each record consists of units
of information called fields. All data contained in the file is managed by database
management software, which provides the ability to organise, search, combine,
and manipulate all information within the database.
default
The setting or option that an application or program selects
automatically when no other is specified by the user.

default printer The printer to which a computer automatically print documents,
unless instructed to do otherwise by the user.
desktop
The on-screen computer display area. The desktop is designed to
simulate an office desktop, and make the computer easier to use by representing
various components of the computer as graphical images, or icons. Windows,
menus, and dialog boxes also appear on the desktop.
57
desktop publishing The use of a computer and specialised software applications

to create and print high quality documents. Modern desktop publishing packages
provide sophisticated functions such as the ability to create images, and combine
graphics and text. Specialised hardware, such as high performance scanners and
laser printers, are also used for desktop publishing in order to enhance the quality
of the finished product. Desktop publishing is generally used in the production of
all commercial printed material.
dialog box A window in a graphical user interface (GUI) that prompts you to
input information.
digital
Refers to anything based on digits, but especially the binary system
(based on the digits 0 and 1). The term digital is often used to refer to
transmission of data using dicrete units, rather than the varying frequency of
analog transmission. Compare analog.
digital audio tape (DAT) A magnetic tape that acts as a storage medium for
digitally recorded audio material. Digital audio tape (DAT) is often used to provide
backup storage of data.
digital linear tape (DLT) A magnetic tape that acts as a storage medium for
data. Digital linear tape (DLT) provides faster transfer of data than other tape
devices.
directory
A container used to store files, data, program files, and other
directories. A directory is represented on-screen by an icon of a file folder and is

central to file organisation and management. A directory is also known as a folder.
disk A data storage device. There are two types of disk: magnetic disks, such as
a floppy disk or a hard disk, and optical disks, such as a CD-ROM.
disk drive The hardware device that you insert a compact or floppy disk into. A
disk drive will then read data from or write data to that disk.
disk operating system (DOS) A command-line operating system that was the
first operating system commonly used in personal computers. It has largely been
substituted by the more user-friendly GUI system that you see on most
computers today.
diskette A storage device consisting of a magnetic disk, encased in a plastic
cover. Diskettes come in two basic sizes: 5 1/4-inch and
3 1/2-inch. However,
5 1/4-inch diskettes are only used in PCs that were made before 1987. A 5 1/4inch diskette can hold between 100 KB and 1.2 MB of data. A typical 3 1/2-inch
58
diskette normally stores between 720 KB and 1.44 MB of data. Diskettes have less
storage capacity than a hard disk but they are less expensive and, most
importantly, they are portable. Diskettes can be used to transfer data from one
computer to another. A diskette is also known as a floppy disk.
display screen The unit used to display images generated by a computer. A
display screen is also known as a monitor or VDU.
distribution list
In e-mail applications, a list of e-mail addresses that you
compile. Various e-mail addresses are grouped together under a common name
or title, allowing you to then send e-mail to everyone on this list by simply
referencing the group name. Also known as an address list or mailing list.
DLT Short for digital linear tape. A magnetic tape that acts as a storage medium
for data. DLT provides faster transfer of data than other tape devices. It is often
used to provide backup storage of data.
document A file created using a software package, especially a word-processing
application. The term document is most frequently used to refer to a written file,
but can also apply to a file that is made up of or contains graphics or
spreadsheets.
domain name The domain name is an organisation's unique network address
name.
For
example,
in
the
address
www.advancelearning.com,
advancelearning.com is the domain name.

DOS Short for disk operating system. A command-line operating system that was
the first operating system commonly used in personal computers. It has largely
been substituted by the more user-friendly GUI system that you see on most
computers today.
dot-matrix printer A printer that produces images made up of a series of dots.
These dots are produced by striking pins against an ink ribbon; the quality of the
output depends on the number of pins within the matrix.
double-click To press a mouse button twice in rapid succession.
download To copy a file over a network. The term is most frequently used in
reference to the transfer of files and data from the Internet.
drive
A device that reads data from and writes data to a disk. The main
components of a drive are a spindle motor, read/write heads, and other

mechanisms for positioning and reading the disk.
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dumb terminal A device consisting of a monitor and keyboard that does not
have any processing capability but depends on a host computer for all processing
activity.
duplicate copy A copy made in order to protect against system failure or other
catastrophe. A duplicate copy is usually stored on a different medium (tape or
disk), or in a separate location to the original copy (to protect against catastrophe
such as fire or flood). This ensures that the copy can be recovered in case the
original data is lost. Also called backup copy.
e-commerce Short for electronic commerce. E-commerce is commercial activity
that takes place over the Internet. Businesses can now market, advertise, sell and
provide services via the Internet, while customers can log on, browse and buy as
if they were in a real store. Examples of pioneers of e-commerce are online
booksellers, Amazon.com. Also called e-business.
electronic data interchange (EDI)
A standard governing the exchange of
business documents between computers. EDI aids the transfer of such documents
as invoices and confirmations, between companies.
e-mail Short for electronic mail. The transmission of text messages and files over
the Internet. Today e-mail is one of the most popular uses of the Internet. The
transfer of e-mail is facilitated by the use of e-mail client software.

e-mail address A set of characters (usually letters) that identifies an Internet
user in order to send or receive e-mail. An e-mail address consists of three parts:
a name that identifies the person, separated by the @ sign, (pr. "at"), and the
domain name of the e-mail server. For example, jdillon@advancelearning.com.
e-mail application
Software used for sending and receiving e-mail. Most
operating systems provide an e-mail software application (also called an e-mail

client). These packages also usually include a variety of features such as an
address list facility and messaging service.
e-mail client software Software applications used for sending and receiving email. Most operating systems provide an e-mail client software application. These
packages include a variety of features such as an address list facility and
messaging service. Examples of e-mail client software include Microsoft Outlook
and Lotus Notes.
embedded Of software and programming, relating to code that is created in one
application and then built into another application. When an object is embedded,
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it retains its original format and can be modified using the original application.
encode To convert data to code form, normally for security purposes. The data
is made unreadable to all those without the key to the code. Also called encrypt.
encrypt To convert data to code form, normally for security purposes. The data
is made unreadable to all those without the key to the code. Also called encode.
encryption The conversion of data to code form, normally to ensure security
during transmission. Encryption makes data unreadable to all those who do not
possess the key to the code.
end-user licence The legal agreement between a software manufacturer and a
software user. The user licence specifies the rights of the user in regard to the
software and is usually entered into on opening the software application. An enduser licence is also known as a software licence.
ergonomic Any machines and devices that incorporate the safety and comfort
of the user with the functionality of the machine.
error message A message from a computer system or application indicating that
an error has occurred in completing a task or function.
executable file A file that is capable of being run as a program on the computer.
An executable file normally has a file name extension of .bat, .com, or .exe.
fax Short for facsimile. The transmission via telephone lines of scanned-in text
or graphics. Once scanned in, the material is converted into digital format, and is
sent via a telephone wire to the receiving fax machine.
fax machine
Short for facsimile machine. A fax machine transmits text or
graphics over telephone wires to a receiving fax machine. Fax machines work two
ways: they can both send and receive faxes. The sending fax machine scans in
the image or text to be sent and then dials the telephone number of the receiving
fax machine. When the receiving fax machine answers the call, the data is
transmitted across the telephone wires. On receipt of the transmission, the
receiving fax machine prints the material.
field
An on-screen area used for input of specific information or data. In
database applications, several fields make up a record.

file A collection of saved data or information, stored on a computer, and given a
file name. Various types of files exist. A file can contain information relating to a
program, stored text, or operating system commands.
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file format The coded information contained within a file that determines which
applications can read that file. Also known as the file type, the file format is
indicated by the file extension, which is the set of characters added to the file
name (such as .doc, .xls, or .exe). File format is usually determined by the
application in which the file is created and is often specific to that application (for
example .doc for Microsoft Word files).
File Transfer Protocol (FTP) A communication protocol used for the transfer of
files on Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) networks, such
as the Internet.
filter In database applications, a criteria that is used to include specified material
in a data search. By applying a filter you can specify the categories of data to be
included in a search.
Find tool
A tool provided with most applications and operating systems that
enables you to search for a specific word, character, symbol, or phrase in a

document, or for files or folders on a computer.
flag In e-mail applications, a marker that is used to indicate the importance and
priority level of individual e-mail messages, or to indicate that there is an action
to be taken.
floppy disk A storage device consisting of a magnetic disk, encased in a plastic

cover. Floppy disks come in two basic sizes: 5 1/4-inch and 3 1/2-inch. However,
5 1/4-inch diskettes are only used in PCs that were made before 1987. A 5 1/4inch diskette can hold between 100 KB and 1.2 MB of data. A typical 31/2-inch
diskette normally stores between 720 KB and 1.44 MB of data. Diskettes have less
storage capacity than a hard disk but they are less expensive and, most
importantly, they are portable. Diskettes can be used to transfer data from one
computer to another. A floppy disk is also known as a diskette.
floppy drive A device that reads data from and writes data to a floppy disk or
diskette.
folder A container used to store files, data, program files, and other folders. A
folder is represented on-screen by an icon of a file folder and is central to file
organisation and management. A folder is also known as a directory.
font Various features applied to a set of characters, or typeface, such as size,
colour, and spacing.
footer Text that appears at the bottom of a printed page containing any kind of
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identifying details, such as the page number, the date, or the document name.
format 1. To apply a specific appearance or structure to data. 2. To prepare a
disk, for first use. Formatting a disk organises the structure of the data contained
on the disk and makes the data readable to an operating system. A diskette is
normally formatted by a specific formatting program. 3. The file type, indicated
by a file extension (such as .doc, .xls, or .exe).
formatting 1. The visible characteristics of text and data within a document.
Elements of formatting effect the layout and appearance of a document, including
the text style and font, page layout, document margins, and alignment. 2. The
process of preparing a disk for
first use.
formula In spreadsheet applications, a mathematical statement that is applied

to specified data within a spreadsheet. A formula governs the mathematical
relationship between data in different cells in the spreadsheet. The value of the
cells can change, so changing the end result of the formula, but the formula itself
remains unaffected.
forward In e-mail applications, a facility that enables you to send received email messages on to another e-mail account.
freeware
Software or programming that is made available, often on the
Internet, at no cost to the user. The program developer normally retains the rights
to the program and so controls all subsequent distribution, copying, and use of
the software.
FTP
Short for File Transfer Protocol. A communication protocol used for the
transfer of files on Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)

networks, such as the Internet.
function key
Keys on the keyboard that perform a variety of functions and
execute different commands within a program or application. Function keys are

typically the keys labelled F1 to F12 across the top of the keyboard. The aim of
function keys is to provide a quicker way to perform tasks. In some cases an
operating system or application assigns the use of a function key, while in others
you can assign it yourself.
gigabyte (GB)
A unit of measurement, used to describe computer storage
capacity. A gigabyte is equal to 1,024 MB or approximately one billion bytes.

Global Positioning System (GPS)
A system of 24 satellites used for
pinpointing geographical positioning throughout the world. The system was

63
launched by the U.S. Department of Defence but is now available for general use.
It is increasingly used for such purposes as air and nautical navigation.
grammar tool A tool commonly provided with word processing applications that
checks grammar throughout a document, highlights any errors, and, where
possible, suggests solutions.
graph A representation of data in pictorial form.
graphical user interface (GUI)
The more or less visual-based environment
that you use to interact with the computer. You can provide input to the computer
by interacting with various on-screen graphics, such as pull-down menus,
buttons, icons and windows. The GUI (pr. "goo-ey") was the user-friendly
alternative designed to replace earlier computer interfaces which were not
graphical, but instead were based on the use of the keyboard, and input made by
entries and commands that you had to type into the computer. The GUI has
become the standard for modern operating systems and software applications.
graphics Pictorial images created, displayed, and manipulated by a computer.
Many software and hardware components are used to enhance graphic capabilities
of computers. Special scanners, plotters, printers, and monitors, are used to
enhance graphic output. Many software applications, such as word processing and
spreadsheet applications, support graphics because they are capable of importing

pictorial images. However, specific graphics applications, such as desktop
publishing and design packages, are used to produce high quality graphic output.
hard disk A storage device consisting of one or more inflexible magnetic disks.
The hard disk is the largest storage device in a computer and provides fast access
to large amounts of information. Most modern computers' hard disks are capable
of containing several billion bytes of stored data. Generally hard disks are not
portable like floppy disks; however, it is possible to buy removable hard disks. The
hard disk drive reads from and writes to the hard disk and, although they are
different items, the terms hard disk, hard disk drive, and hard drive are often
used synonymously.
hard drive The mechanism that reads and writes data to the hard disk. Although
they are different items, the terms hard disk, hard disk drive, and hard drive are
often used interchangeably.
hardware A collective term for all the physical parts of a computer system or
any IT devices. It refers to everything from the computer itself to peripherals such
as the keyboard to the cables and connectors. The term is used to contrast with
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software, which refers to non-physical parts of a computer, such as the programs

or applications.
header
Text appearing at the top of the printed page containing any kind of
identifying material, such as the page number, document name, and the date.
Help function
A function of most operating systems and applications that
provides instructions and advice as to the use of various features of the package
and the resolution of functionality issues.
hit 1. A successful search engine query return. When a search engine is used to
search for a keyword or phrase on the Web, a list of successful matches, or hits,
is returned. For example, if you searched for pages containing the word
"kangaroo", and 45 relevant Web pages were found, your search would have
produced 45 hits.
2. The unit of measurement of visits to a Web page.
home page 1. The Web page set as the default page to appear on a computer
when you access the World Wide Web (WWW). 2. A Web page, programmed by
a Web developer, to appear as the first point of entry to a Web site. A Web site
home page will usually act as an introduction and guide to the Web site, for
example, providing a table of contents to the Web site.
HTML
Short for Hypertext Markup Language. The language used to create
documents on the World Wide Web (WWW). HTML uses a series of elements or
tags to indicate to a Web browser how data is to be displayed on a Web page and
to enable you to interact with the Web page. HTML was defined by the Internet
Engineering Task Force (IETF) in 1994, and HTML 4.0 is now the version generally
used by most Web browsers.
HTTP Short for Hypertext Transfer Protocol. The Internet protocol used by the
World Wide Web (WWW). Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is the protocol that
relays the command from a Web browser to a Web server to display a specific Web
page.
hyperlink A link from an element of an HTML document to another element of
the same document or another, different document.
hypertext
Text linked by a complex series of non-linear associations. The
concept was first developed in the 1960s as a means of browsing through

databases of information and became the basis of the World Wide Web (WWW).
It is the concept of hypertext that allows the user to browse the Web, jumping or
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linking from one topic to another in a manner that represents the non-linear
structure of thought.
Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) The language used to create documents
on the World Wide Web (WWW). HTML uses a series of elements or tags to
indicate to a Web browser how data is to be displayed on a Web page and to
enable you to interact with the Web page. HTML was defined by the Internet
Engineering Task Force (IETF) in 1994, and HTML 4.0 is now the version generally
used by most Web browsers.
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) The Internet protocol used by the World
Wide Web (WWW). Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is the protocol that relays
the command from a Web browser to a Web server to display a specific Web page.
icon A small graphical image displayed on the screen to represent a variety of
items, including applications, utilities, windows, and files and folders. The icon is
designed to make the modern computer more user-friendly, as it allows for
quicker identification of elements and allows you to execute various commands by
simply clicking the mouse on an icon.
IETF Short for Internet Engineering Task Force. An international organisation for
the development of Internet technology. The IETF is concerned with the resolution
of technical problems facing networking and Internet technology, such as routing

and security issues. Membership is open to all, and is mainly made up of volunteer
workgroups of Web developers, programmers, vendors, and researchers.
import
To add data from one application document to another. To allow
importing, a level of compatibility must exist between applications and the format
of the imported data must be readable by the importing application.
index A list of keywords that indicates the location of files, records, or more
information on a subject.
Information Technology (IT)
The term applied to the management and
processing of information by means of computers.

inkjet printer A printer that produces material by spraying heated liquid ink
through tiny holes onto the page. While the inkjet printer is not as expensive as
the laser printer, it is slower and the print quality is generally not considered to
be as good.
input All information entered into a computer. Input to a computer can be made
by a variety of means, including a mouse, a keyboard, or a disk.
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input device
A hardware device used to put information into a computer.
Examples of input devices include a mouse, a keyboard, and a scanner.

input/output device A hardware device that can provide data to or read data
from a computer. An example of an input/output device is a floppy disk drive. An
input/output device is also called an I/O device.
install To introduce a program, application, or hardware device to a computer
system. Most programs and applications include a setup file that facilitates the
installation of new software to a computer.
Integrated
Service
Digital
Network
(ISDN)
An
international
telecommunication network that supports high-speed, digital transmission of

data, voice, and video over telephone wires. ISDN is solely devoted to
transmission of digital data, unlike traditional telephone systems, which convert
analog and digital data.
intelligent terminal
A terminal with processing capability. An intelligent
terminal consists of a monitor and keyboard with its own memory and processor.
It can perform certain processing functions independently, without relying on a
host computer.
interface The visual elements, displayed on-screen, that allow you to interact
with a computer's programs and devices. A computer interface can be based on
graphics or text, and this will govern the manner in which you provide instructions
and commands to the computer.
Internet
The global system of interconnected networks that links millions of
computers all over the world using high speed telecommunication lines. The
Internet enables the flow of information and data between computers. It was
originally developed by the U.S. Department of Defence in the 1960s in the form
of a decentralised communication network called ARPANET. Today the Internet
provides a number of services including the World Wide Web (WWW) and e-mail.
The Internet is also known as the Net.
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) An international organisation for the
development of Internet technology. The IETF is concerned with the resolution of
technical problems facing networking and Internet technology, such as routing
and security issues. Membership is open to all, and is mainly made up of volunteer
workgroups of Web developers, programmers, vendors, and researchers.
Internet service provider (ISP)
A business organisation that provides the

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means to access the Internet. For a fee, the ISP provides you with a user name,
password, and telephone access number, which then enables you to connect to
the Internet. An increasing number of ISPs offer their services free. ISPs also
provide services to large companies, connecting their internal networks to the
Internet. ISPs can vary in size, from small local business to large corporations.
internetwork
A system of interconnected networks capable of sharing
information.
ISDN
Short for Integrated Service Digital Network. An international
telecommunication network that supports high-speed, digital transmission of

data, voice, and video over telephone wires. ISDN is solely devoted to
transmission of digital data, unlike traditional telephone systems, which convert
analog and digital data.
italics A font style applied to text so that the text appears slanted to the right.
For example, in this sentence, the word text appears in italics.
joystick
A handheld input device that is used to point, move and generally
interact with the computer. A joystick consists of three components: a base, a

vertical stem, and control buttons. The vertical stem specifies direction and the
buttons control software functions. A joystick is most frequently used for playing
computer games.
justify In word processing applications, to align text evenly between the right
and left margins of a document. Extra space is inserted between words in order
to justify the text against the margins.
keyboard The main device for input of data to most computers. The keyboard
contains standard typewriter keys, and function control keys specific to the
computer.
keyword A word, character, or phrase that is used to search for records within
a database.
kilobyte (KB)
A measurement of data referring generally to 1000 bytes, or
specifically to 1024 bytes.

landscape
A document orientation option where the page on which text is
printed is positioned horizontally, rather than vertically. See also portrait.

laptop computer
A small, portable personal computer designed to provide
mobility to the user. A laptop normally has a small, flat screen and a keyboard
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that is smaller than desktop PCs. Laptop computers are run either on battery or
AC power. They can run the same software as desktop PCs and can also support
similar hardware. Laptops are usually more expensive than PCs.
laser printer
A printer that produces printed material using a laser. Laser
printers produce printed material of high quality and faster than inkjet printers,
but they are generally more expensive.
layout
The plan, format, and appearance of text in a document and on the
printed page.
licence The legal agreement between the software manufacturer and the user.
The licence agreement specifies the rights of the user in regard to the software
and is usually entered into on opening the software application. A licence can be
allocated to an individual user or a corporation. Also called user licence or enduser user licence.
licence number A number allocated to the individual user or corporation, by a
software provider to indicate the licence agreement existing between both parties.
The licence number, or key, must usually be entered when installing the software,
which prevents unauthorised copies of the software being installed.
light pen
A handheld input device shaped like a pen and connected to a
computer by a cable. You interact with the computer either by touching the screen
with the pen or pointing the pen at the screen and clicking part of the pen.
local
Any computer devices that are directly connected to or installed on a
computer. Compare remote.

local area network (LAN) A network of computers that is dispersed over a
limited geographical area, for instance an office or department within a building.
A LAN may rely simply on cable links between computers or may use more
complex telecommunications technology. Computers on a LAN will typically share
hardware resources and may rely on a shared server.
local disk A disk drive directly connected to or installed in a computer.
log on
Providing a user name and password in order to gain access to a
computer, network or application.

logical operator
A word or mathematical symbol that allows data to be
manipulated. Logical operators are sometimes called Boolean operators and are
used in programming and database queries. Examples of logical operators are
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AND, NOT, and OR.

macro virus
A type of computer virus that embeds itself as a macro in a
document. When an infected document is opened, the macro virus is activated.

Most anti-virus software provides protection against macro viruses; however, like
other viruses, new macro viruses are constantly appearing.
mail inbox
In e-mail applications, the default folder or container in which
incoming mail is stored. Also called a mailbox.

mailing list In e-mail applications, a list of e-mail addresses that you compile.
Various e-mail addresses are grouped together under a common name, allowing
you to then send e-mail to everyone on this list by simply referencing the group
name. Also known as an address list or distribution list.
mainframe computer A large, complex computer designed to execute largescale computing and processing tasks. Mainframe computers are normally
associated with centralised networks and support many users connected via
terminals.
maximise In a graphical user interface (GUI), to expand a window to full size,
taking up all available on-screen space.
megabyte (MB)
A unit of measurement, used to describe computer storage
capacity or data transfer rate. One megabyte is equal to 1,048,576 bytes, though
this is often interpreted as one million bytes.
megahertz (MHz) A unit of measurement of frequency. One megahertz is equal
to 1 million cycles per second.
memory A device for the storage of computer data. Memory commonly refers to
random access memory, which is a computer's main memory.
memory storage device
Any storage device that provides temporary or
permanent storage of computer data. Storage devices are categorised in two

groups: primary and secondary. Primary storage devices refers to random access
memory (RAM), while secondary storage devices refers to disk drives or external
storage devices, such as floppy disks.
menu In a graphical user interface (GUI), a list of options or command choices
available. You can click on the option to activate that command. Menus are a
central feature of GUI systems; prior to GUI, you had to type in the name of the
desired command.
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menu bar In a graphical user interface (GUI), a bar that appears near the top
of an application window. The names of menus are displayed on the menu bar,
and clicking one of these causes a drop-down menu to appear, providing you with
a list of options or commands.
merge To combine files in a way that maintains the order and structure of the
original files. For example, a file containing a list of names and addresses could
be merged with a letter document, so that a standard letter can be produced and
sent to everyone on the list.
microfilm A thin strip of film used to store miniaturised images of documents.
millennium bug A computer problem that arose during the run-up to the turn
of the millennium. The millennium bug concerned the large number of computer
systems that relied on a two-digit year indicator, such as 99 for the year 1999. In
older computer systems, cost was minimised by using a two-digit year indicator,
rather than a four-digit one. When January 1st 2000 arrived, the date in these
computer systems would have become 00, causing many of the systems to crash.
When the problem became evident during the late 1990s, worldwide efforts were
made to correct it and become "Y2K-friendly", and the potential disaster was
avoided. The millennium bug is also called the Year 2000, or Y2K, problem.
minicomputer
Designed in size and function somewhere between a
microcomputer and a mainframe computer, minicomputers serve up to 200 users

connected via terminals and process large amounts of data.
minimize In a graphical user interface (GUI), to reduce a window size so that
the window is simply represented by an icon or name in the application window,
or a button on the taskbar. By minimising, the window is hidden but the
application or program that generated the window remains open.
modem
Short for modulator/demodulator. A hardware device that enables a
computer to receive and send data via telephone wires.

monitor The unit used to display images generated by a computer. The monitor
is also known as the display screen or visual display unit (VDU).
mouse
A handheld input device that is used to point, move, and generally
interact with the interface. A mouse consists of a ball and buttons housed in a
plastic or metal casing and connected to the computer by means of a cable. As
you push or click the mouse buttons, these actions are converted into on-screen
pointer movements and commands.
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multimedia Refers to the combination of sound, graphics, animation, and video

for use in a number of contexts such as on a computer, in a software package, or
on the World Wide Web (WWW).
My Computer A Microsoft Windows utility that provides access to the floppy disk,
hard disk, CD-ROM drive, and various other drives and utilities on a computer. My
Computer provides the user with fast and easy access by representing these
devices as icons.
navigate
To browse the World Wide Web (WWW) or to search through the
different drives, folders, and files on a computer system.

Net Short for the Internet. The global system of interconnected networks that
links millions of computers all over the world using high speed telecommunication
lines. The Internet enables the flow of information and data between computers.
It was originally developed by the U.S. Department of Defence in the 1960s in the
form of a decentralised communication network called ARPANET. Today the
Internet provides a number of services including the World Wide Web (WWW) and
e-mail. The Internet is also known as the Net.
network Two or more computers that are connected together. The main aim of
networking is to share resources. Computers on a network may be permanently
and physically connected by cables, such as on a local area network (LAN) or by

more complex means such as the telecommunication technology that links all
computers on the Internet. A network can be characterised in various ways,
including its size, as in a LAN or a WAN, its configuration, who can use it, or the
nature of its connections.
network administrator
The person responsible for the setup, management,
and maintenance of a network. A network administrator's responsibilities include

such duties as control of access to network resources, data backup and archiving,
and ensuring network security.
network computer A computer on a network that depends on a server for data
storage and access to shared network resources. Unlike a dumb terminal,
however, a network computer does have processing capabilities. Also called client.
network drive A shared drive on a network whose data is made available to
users on that network. Access to the drive is controlled by the network
administrator.
newsgroup
An online forum or discussion group. A newsgroup consists of

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messages written by users on various subjects, posted to a central Internet site,

and then redistributed using a newsgroup network such as Usenet. Thousands of
newsgroups exist on the Internet providing a forum for discussion of an endless
variety of topics.
offline
Not connected to a network or computer. The term offline is most
commonly used to refer to computers that are not connected to the Internet.
online Refers to being connected to a network, most commonly the Internet.
operating system The software that runs all other software applications on the
computer and controls basic functions of the computer, such as sending images
to the monitor and recognising input from the keyboard. The operating system
also controls the function of hardware devices. All computers require an operating
system: in most cases it is already included, in others it has to be installed.
organisational chart In presentation applications, a graphic representation of
data in the form of an organisational tree. Data is divided into groups and
subgroups, and the relationship between items of data is indicated by the
placement of the groups.
orientation The printed layout of a document, which can be either landscape or
portrait. The orientation governs whether text will be printed along the length or
the width of the printed page.
output
Any information displayed or produced by a computer. The results of
computer processing, produced by a computer in a variety of forms, including

printed material, material appearing on a computer monitor, or material stored on
a disk.
output device
A device for producing processed computer information.
Examples of output devices include printers and computer monitors.

overhead projector
An electrical device that projects images, printed on
transparent, plastic pages, onto a screen.

page break In word processing applications, a separation made in the document
to indicate the point in the text where the page ends. Page breaks are
automatically inserted by the word processing application according to page
length specifications, but can also be inserted by a user.
palette The chart showing the colours available in an application for changing
line, text, and fill colours.
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password A series of characters that you enter when logging on to a computer

system, network, file, or program. The password is a security measure designed
to confirm the identity of a user and prevent unauthorised access.
peripheral device An external hardware device that is connected to a computer
and controlled by it.
permission
In a networking environment, the level of access to network
resources provided to the individual user. Permissions are specified by a network

administrator and vary according to the needs of the individual network user, and
the information management and security requirements of the network. Examples
of permissions include read only, read and write, and delete permission.
personal computer (PC)
A computer type designed for use by one single
person. PCs are self-contained and do not rely on other computers for processing
and other resources. PCs are relatively inexpensive and are common in the office
and home.
personal identification number (PIN) A unique numeric code used to identify
a user to a computer system. The term is most commonly associated with banking
and automated teller machines.
physical Referring to something real as opposed to conceptual or theoretical.
pie chart A circular diagram used to represent data. Data is differentiated by

colours and patterns, and values are represented as portions (slices) of the whole.
PIN
Short for personal identification number. A unique numeric code used to
identify a user to a computer system. The term is most commonly associated with
banking and automated teller machines.
pixel Minute units of colour that make up the images displayed on a computer
screen or printed on paper.
plotter A hardware device used to draw charts, diagrams, and graphs. A plotter
either works with pens or uses electromagnetically charged particles with toner to
produce images. Plotters are most commonly used for producing technical
drawings for engineering and architecture.
portrait A document orientation option where the page on which text is printed
is positioned vertically, rather than horizontally. This is the most common
orientation for most documents. See also landscape.
preview
A feature of a number of applications that provides a detailed, on74
screen representation of how a document will look on the printed page. This
allows you to view printed output in advance. Also called print preview.
primary key
In database applications, a field that uniquely identifies each
record. For example, an employee ID field could be used as a primary key in a

database containing employee details.
print
To produce computer output on paper or other material such as a
transparency.
printer
A hardware device for producing printed output on paper or other
material such as a transparency. Different types of printers include the inkjet

printer, the dot matrix printer, and the laser printer.
processing
Data manipulation by a computer. Processing is the basis of all
computer activity.
processor The central unit for computing and processing within the computer.
The processor controls the implementation of the instructions contained within a
computer program. In most modern computers, the processor is usually
composed of a single silicon chip. Also known as the central processing unit (CPU).
program A coded set of instructions to a computer. Programs are also known as
software, and programs that users work with are known as applications. A
program is written in a computer programming language, and is generally
translated into a machine language or executable language that is readable by the
computer.
program file A file containing the executable elements of a program.
programming The creation of computer programs. Programming is based on the
use of programming languages that provide the set of coded instructions to the
computer. Examples of programming languages include Basic, C, C++, and
COBOL. Programming also encompasses wider issues of program design,
development, testing, and debugging.
programming language
A coded language that conveys instructions to a
computer. The term is usually used to describe high-level computer languages

such as Basic, C, C++, and COBOL. These languages are then translated into a
machine language or executable language that is more simple and is readable by
the computer.
public network
Of a telecommunications network, available for use by the

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general public.
Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN)
The global, public telephone
system. The PSTN relies on analog technology, and is being replaced by the
integrated services digital network (ISDN) in many places.
query In database applications, a search within the database for information that
matches certain criteria.
RAM Short for random access memory. Memory chips that store computer data.
Data can be read from and written to RAM, however this data needs to be saved
to a disk prior to switching off the computer or the information will be lost.
random access memory (RAM) Memory chips that store computer data. Data
can be read from and written to RAM however this data needs to be saved to a
disk prior to switching off the computer or the information will be lost.
read-only memory (ROM) A computer memory chip that permanently stores
data. The data is stored at the time of manufacture of the computer and the
information stored cannot be deleted or changed. ROM contains critical data such
as the program that boots the computer.
real-time Referring to computer timing that runs parallel to external time and
factors and is seen to react immediately to events outside the computer. Realtime operations match the human perception
of time.
record In database applications, a collection of related items of data, or fields.

For example, a record might consist of three fields: employee name, employee ID,
and employee address. A set of several records makes up a file.
Recycle Bin
A Windows folder that stores files deleted from the hard disk.
Deleted files are kept in the Recycle Bin until you empty the bin, which involves
permanently destroying all the files in the Recycle Bin folder. The Recycle Bin is
represented by an icon on the desktop that looks like a rubbish bin. Items deleted
from a floppy disk or network drive are not moved to the recycle bin.
remote Refers to devices that are not in the near proximity of resources or other
devices. Compare local.
repetitive strain injury (RSI) A medical condition involving strained tendons,
ligaments, muscles, and nerves caused by prolonged repetition of the same
physical task. Repetitive strain injury frequently effects people who work with
computers, causing pain to the hands, wrist, and shoulders.
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resize To alter the size. The term is normally used to refer to an element in a
graphical user interface (GUI), such as a window.
resolution The degree of clarity and sharpness of an image displayed on-screen
or on the printed page. On a screen or monitor, the resolution is measured by the
number of pixels appearing within the horizontal and vertical lines of a matrix. On
the printed page, resolution refers to the number of printed dots per inch (dpi).
The quality of material produced by printers will vary from quality of 125 to 600
dpi.
Rich Text Format (RTF) A file format designed to enable transfer of formatted
text documents between different applications.
right-click To press the right mouse button without moving the mouse.
ROM Short for read-only memory. A computer memory chip that permanently
stores data. The data is stored at the time of manufacture of the computer and
the information stored cannot be deleted or changed. ROM contains critical data
such as the program that boots the computer.
row A series of items of data arranged horizontally within a table format.
satellite communications
The communications technology based on the
microwave and radio transmissions of satellite stations orbiting the earth. Signals
are sent to a satellite from earth and are retransmitted and relayed to another
location in the world. Satellite communication systems were initially used to relay
television, telephone, and radio transmissions, but are increasingly used in the
transmission of computer data.
scan To input an image into a computer by means of passing the image through
a light-sensitive device. The device picks up light and dark areas of the image,
converts this into binary code, and conveys this to the central processing unit
(CPU) of the computer. Hardware devices such as scanners and fax machines use
this technology.
scanner A hardware device that inputs data from an image, such as a printed
page, into a computer by means of a light sensitive device. The light sensitive
element of the scanner picks up light and dark areas of the image, converts this
into binary code in the form of a bitmap, and conveys this to the central
processing unit (CPU) of the computer.
screen saver A moving picture or pattern that appears on-screen after a period
of mouse or keyboard inactivity. While screen savers were originally designed to
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combat monitor burn-in problems, their widespread use today is largely aesthetic.
scroll bar In a graphical user interface (GUI), a bar located along the edge of a
window or list. Clicking the scroll bar enables you to move up and down, and from
left to right in the on-screen display area.
search engine A program used to search the World Wide Web (WWW) pages
and files for keywords. You can enter keywords about a subject; the search engine
then usually searches as many Web sites as possible and returns a list of the
relevant ones.
server
A computer on a network that manages access to resources. Server
computers are multifunctional, and are used in small and more complex
networking environments. For example, on a local area network (LAN), a server
can provide client computer access to such resources as hardware devices and
data. On the Internet, a server computer can provide access to Web pages and
data resources.
setup The way in which a computer's hardware or software is configured.
shareware Copyrighted software that is initially issued free on a trial basis. You
are often encouraged to distribute copies of the program. If you like the software,
you are asked to pay a fee to the software producer for continued use of the
package. Many shareware packages become unusable after a specified length of
time if payment is not made to the producer.
shortcut
An icon that provides a quick way of accessing a file, program,
application, Web page, or any other accessible item. Shortcuts are typically
located on the desktop and can be activated by double-clicking.
signature In e-mail applications, text that can automatically be added to the end
of an email message containing details such as the sender's name and address.
silicon A chemical element used as a semiconductor in electrical circuitry. Silicon
provides the base material for the construction of microchips.
silicon chip A tiny electriconic circuit (known as an integrated circuit) composed
of a silicon semiconductor. An electrical circuit with silicon as the semiconductor
material. Silicon chips provide the basis for a wide range of electronic devices.
slide In presentation applications, the basic document used to create on-screen
and printed presentations.
software
Computer programs that provide instructions for the computer.

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Software can be categorised into two groups: system software and application
software. System software includes operating system software, while application
software (such as spreadsheets, databases, and word processing applications) is
designed to perform specific tasks for the user.
software package
An application such as a word processor, spreadsheet, or
database application that is made ready for retail to the general public. Software
packages typically come equipped with any additional items that might be
required such as a licence key and manual.
sound card A device used to allow a computer to process sound. The sound card
enables the computer to accept input of sound from a microphone, produce
output of sound through a speaker, and manipulate sound stored in audio files.
speaker
An output device, connected to a computer that converts electrical
signals into sounds.

speech synthesiser An output device that simulates human speech. A speech
synthesizer can replicate the spoken word by pasting together recordings of the
different sounds and words to form sentences.
spell-check tool
A tool provided with many applications, including word
processing applications, that verifies that all words in a document are spelled
correctly. A spell-check tool, also called a spell-checker, uses a stored dictionary
to identify incorrectly spelled words, and then suggests alternatives and
corrections.
spreadsheet
A worksheet of a spreadsheet application, containing data
formatted in cells, rows, and columns. The relationship of the data contained
within the spreadsheet is defined by mathematical formulas and can be
represented by a variety of output means including charts and graphs.
Spreadsheets and spreadsheet applications perform a wide variety of tasks
including planning, forecasting, budgeting, and compiling statistics and reports.
status bar In a graphical user interface (GUI), a bar that appears at the bottom
of program or application windows, indicating the current status or activity of the
program.
storage device Any of a variety of devices that provide temporary or permanent
storage of computer data. Storage devices can be either primary (RAM) or
secondary (external storage devices).
style
In word processing applications, the collective characteristics of the

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appearance of text including placement on page, colour, font, pitch and size.
subdirectory
A directory that is contained within another directory.
Subdirectories are also called subfolders and are represented on-screen by an

icon of a file folder contained within another file folder.
subfolder A folder that is contained within another folder. Subfolders are also
called subdirectories and are represented on-screen by an icon of a file folder
contained within another file folder.
subscript A font effect whereby characters appear smaller and slightly below the
baseline of the text. For example, in this sentence, the word text appears in
subscript. Compare superscript.
superscript A font effect whereby characters appear smaller and slightly above
the baseline of the text. For example, in this sentence, the word text appears in
superscript. Compare subscript.
surf To browse through Web pages following links in an unplanned way.
system development The entire process of creating a computer solution to a
problem. System development refers to the series of actions that are required to
provide the complete solution: outlining the problem, deciding which course of
action to take, programming, and testing.

system unit The hardware devices that make up the main part of the computer.
The system unit of a PC includes the processor, memory, hard and floppy disk
drives, and input/output ports.
table In database and word processing applications, text or other data formatted
in columns and rows.
TCP/IP Short for Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol. The standard
communication protocol of the Internet. TCP/IP allows different types of networks
to communicate with each other.
telecommunication
The
electronic
transfer
of
all
types
of
data.
Telecommunications can be used to relay information in a variety of forms,

including voice, televisual images, and faxes. The term can also refer to optical
transmission of data.
telephony
Communication based on the transmission of data (especially voice
or sound) over telephone wires. The term often refers to the use of modems and
software to enhance telecommunication capability.
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Telnet
A communication protocol that enables a user to access network
computers from a remote location. The user can log on and enter commands as
if they were directly connected to the server.
template
In word processing, spreadsheet, desktop publishing, and other
applications, a predesigned document format that contains specified text, layout,

and formatting options. A template may also contain predefined automated
functions such as word processing macros and spreadsheet formulas, which are
embedded in the template programming.
terminal
A device consisting of a keyboard and monitor. A terminal
communicates with other computers on a network and may have very limited
computing capabilities, relying on either a mainframe for processing functions.
testing
One of the four stages of system development. Testing refers to the
process of running programs in order to check functionality.

text file A file consisting only of text characters.
text-based Of an operating system, consisting of an interface where commands
are typed. Traditional operating systems, such as DOS, were text-based, and
usually consisted of commands you had to remember, and computer responses
that were very brief. Most modern operating systems include a graphical user
interface (GUI), where you provide input to the computer by interacting with
various on-screen graphics, such as pull-down menus, buttons, icons and
windows. The GUI interface was designed to be a more intuitive alternative to the
text-based interface.
title bar A horizontal bar that appears at the top of a window in a graphical user
interface. The title bar normally displays the window name and various buttons
for resizing or closing the window.
toolbar A row of buttons provided in graphical user interface (GUI) applications.
Clicking a toolbar button allows you to execute a specific task or function and
provides an alternative and quicker means to using menus and menu commands.
touch pad An input device that works as a pointing device. A touch pad consists
of a small pad with pressure sensors that sense your hand movements and
translate these to on-screen actions and movement. Movement on the pad moves
a pointer and tapping the pad produces an on-screen click.
trackball An input device similar to a mouse that acts as a position indicator. A
trackball consists of a ball placed on rollers within casing, and has the appearance
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of an upside-down mouse. The casing remains stationary and the ball is rotated
by your hand; these movements are translated into directional instructions to the
on-screen pointer or cursor. A trackball, like a mouse, usually has other buttons
that perform various other functions.
traffic The amount of data travelling across a network communication system.
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) The standard
communication protocol of the Internet. TCP/IP allows different types of networks
to communicate with each other.
transmitter A device designed to send data from one location to another.
transparency A transparent, plastic page on which output can be printed for
projection on to a screen with the use of an overhead projector.
Trojan horse A destructive computer program that is disguised as a harmless
application, such as a game or utility. A Trojan horse, unlike a virus, cannot
replicate itself; however, can be just as destructive.
underlined A font style where the text appears with a line underneath it. For
example, in this sentence, the word text is underlined.
undo A command available in many applications that enables you to reverse the
last action you performed.

Uniform Resource Locator (URL) An address used by Web browsers to find
resources on the Internet. The URL identifies the protocol, domain name, and file
name of specific Internet resources. Also called Web address.
uninterruptible power supply (UPS) A device, usually containing a battery
and an anti-surge device, that acts as a backup power supply. In case of a
blackout or power surge, the UPS will protect the computer system, and supply
enough electricity for all data in RAM to be saved and for the computer to be shut
down correctly.
UPS
Short for uninterruptible power supply. A device, usually containing a
battery and an anti-surge device, that acts as a backup power supply. In case of
a blackout or power surge, the UPS will protect the computer system, and supply
enough electricity for all data in RAM to be saved and for the computer to be shut
down correctly.
URL Short for Uniform Resource Locator. An address used by Web browsers to
find resources on the Internet. The URL identifies the protocol, domain name, and
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file name of specific Internet resources. Also called Web address.

user licence The legal agreement between the software manufacturer and the
user. The user licence specifies the rights of the user in regard to the software and
is usually entered into on opening the software application. A licence can be
allocated to an individual user or a corporation. Also called licence, or end-user
licence.
user name A name assigned to a computer user. You must provide this name,
along with an associated password, in order to gain access to a computer network
or application.
utility
A small program designed to execute a specific and limited task or
function within a software application or operating system.

view The manner in which data is displayed on-screen.
virus A computer program that infects a computer system. Viruses can normally
replicate themselves and can cause damage by taking up excessive amounts of a
computer's memory. They can also be specifically designed to attack a computer's
hard disk. A virus normally enters a computer's system without the knowledge of
the user via attachments to e-mail, files on a floppy disk or CD, or files
downloaded from the Internet.
visual display unit (VDU) The screen used to display images generated by a
computer. The visual display unit is also known as the display screen or monitor.
Web Short for the World Wide Web (WWW). The global system of interlinked Web
pages made available by Internet servers all over the world. Web pages are
written in a language called Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), which supports
the use of audio, graphics, and video files. It can also link one document to
another so that you can access another file, possibly located across the globe, by
clicking the mouse.
Web address
The Uniform Resource Locator (URL) or address used by Web
browsers to find resources on the Internet. The URL identifies the protocol,
domain name, and file name of specific Internet resources.
Web browser A software application that provides you with access to the World
Wide Web (WWW). A Web browser enables the user to access specific Uniform
Resource Locators (URLs) and move from page to page by using hyperlinks. Web
browsers also provide various navigational features and other features such as the
ability to download data from the Web, to access video and audio files on the Web,
83
and to bookmark specific Web pages. The most commonly used Web browsers are
Netscape Navigator and Microsoft Internet Explorer.
Web browsing application A software application that provides you with access
to the World Wide Web (WWW). A Web browser enables you to access specific
Uniform Resource Locators (URLs) and move from page to page by using
hyperlinks. Web browsers also provide various navigational features and other
features such as the ability to download data from the Web, to access video and
audio files on the Web, and to bookmark specific Web pages. The most commonly
used Web browsers are Netscape Navigator and Microsoft Internet Explorer.
Web page
A Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) file made available on the
World Wide Web (WWW). The HTML format supports the use of audio, graphics,
and video files, and links one file to another, providing easy information access.
Each Web page is identified by a Uniform Resource Locate (URL).
Web site A group of related and interconnected Web pages and associated files
on the World Wide Web. A Web site includes a home page that acts as a table of
contents and navigational aid to each page. Web pages on a site are normally
related in content, and are linked together by a series of hyperlinks. Every website
has a unique web address, or URL, that generally points to the homepage.
wide area network (WAN)
A network that relies on telecommunication
technology and is spread over a large geographical area, such as a region, state,
or country. WANs can either consist of one large network or several smaller local
area networks (LANs).
window An area of the screen in a graphical user interface (GUI) that displays
an application, document, or message. A window is normally a scrollable,
resizable portion of the screen and many windows can be viewed simultaneously.
wireless
Telecommunication that involves transmission using the airwaves,
rather than wires and cables.

wizard A help utility that guides the user through the steps required to complete
a task.
word processing
The creation of word-based documents using a computer.
Word processing applications have replaced the typewriter within the office.
Sophisticated word processing applications provide many features including
various printing, layout, editing, and formatting options, dictionary and thesaurus
functions, spell-check tools, and file management functions.
84
workbook A spreadsheet file consisting of one or more spreadsheets.

worksheet A sheet in a spreadsheet application, containing data formatted in
cells, rows, and columns.
World Wide Web (WWW) The global system of interlinked Web pages made
available by Internet servers all over the world. Web pages are written in a
language called Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), which supports the use of
audio, graphics, and video files. It can also link one document to another so that
you can access another file, possibly located across the globe, at the click of a
mouse. The World Wide Web is also known as the Web.
Year 2000 problem A computer problem that arose during the run-up to the
turn of the millennium. The Year 2000 problem concerned the large number of
computer systems that relied on a two-digit year indicator, such as 99 for the year
1999. In older computer systems, cost was minimised by using a two-digit year
indicator, rather than a four-digit one. When January 1st 2000 arrived, the date
in these computer systems would have become 00, causing many of the systems
to crash. When the problem became evident during the late 1990s, worldwide
efforts were made to correct it and become "Y2K-friendly", and the potential
disaster was avoided. The Year 2000 problem is also called the Y2K problem or
the millennium bug.
zip disk A storage device consisting of a 3 1/2 inch removable magnetic disk.
Zip disks have either a 100 MB or 250 MB capacity, and are most frequently used
for backup storage or for transporting large files.
Zoom tool
A feature provided with various applications, including word
processing, spreadsheet, and presentation applications, that allows you to enlarge

the view of a selected area of the screen.
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IMPORTANT USE OF THE ICDL TRAINING SOFTWARE IS SUBJECT

TO LICENSE RESTRICTIONS. CAREFULLY READ THIS LICENSE
AGREEMENT BEFORE USING THE ICDL SOFTWARE.
This license is a legal Agreement concerning the use of the ICDL Training
Software between you, the end user, either individually or as an authorized
representative of the company purchasing the license, and Capernaum Limited,
( trading as "Advance Learning" ) . USE OF THE ICDL TRAINING
SOFTWARE INDICATES YOUR COMPLETE AND UNCONDITIONAL
ACCEPTANCE OF THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS SET FORTH IN THIS
AGREEMENT. If you do not agree to these terms and conditions, do not order or
download the ICDL Training Software or if media has been received, promptly
return or, if received electronically, certify destruction of the ICDL Training
Software and all accompanying items within 10 days after receipt of the ICDL
Training Software and receive a full refund of any license fee paid.
ICDL TRAINING SOFTWARE LICENSE AGREEMENT
1. GRANT OF LICENSE. The intellectual property you are downloading or have
acquired with this Agreement (in the form of any courseware, CD-ROM media,
graphics, text documentation, audio or other materials whether printed or recorded on
magnetic media), including any updates, modifications, revisions, copies, and
documentation (the ICDL Training Software hereafter referred to as the Software)
are copyrighted, trade secret and confidential information of ADVANCE LEARNING
or its licensors who maintain exclusive title to all the Software and retain all rights not
expressly granted by this Agreement. ADVANCE LEARNING grants to you, subject
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license to use the Software for a single use solely to: instruct the user in interactive
training for the International Computer Driving Licence (ICDL). Single Use means
use of the Software on one computer or on-line system at a time. Subsequent users will
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following and are subject to change: (a) determinations as to whether a modification
qualifies as a new design or part of the original design; and (b) support services
provided. Current standard policies are available upon request.
2. RESTRICTIONS ON USE. You may not copy the Software other than as
reasonably necessary to support the authorized use. Each copy must include all notices
and legends embedded in the Software and affixed to its medium and container as
received from ADVANCE LEARNING. All copies shall remain the property of
ADVANCE LEARNING or its licensors. You shall not make the Software available in
any form to any person other than your employers employees and contractors,
89
excluding ADVANCE LEARNINGs competitors, whose job performance requires

access. You shall take appropriate action to protect the confidentiality of the Software
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Any license granted under this Agreement may be enforced by ADVANCE
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subject to the following conditions. You acknowledge that ADVANCE LEARNING is
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4.1 ADVANCE LEARNING warrants that for a period of 90 days after receipt, the
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NEITHER ADVANCE LEARNING NOR ITS LICENSORS MAKE ANY OTHER
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brought against you alleging copyright infringement or trade secret misappropriation
related to the Software in the European Union. ADVANCE LEARNING will pay any
costs and damages finally awarded against you that are attributable to the claim,
provided that you: (a) notify ADVANCE LEARNING promptly in writing of the action;
(b) provide ADVANCE LEARNING all reasonable information and assistance to settle
or defend the claim; and (c) grant ADVANCE LEARNING sole authority and control
of the defense or settlement of the claim.
7.3 If a copyright infringement or trade secret misappropriation claim is made,
ADVANCE LEARNING may, at its sole option and expense, either (a) replace or
modify the Software so that it becomes noninfringing, or (b) procure for you the right
to continue using the Software. If ADVANCE LEARNING determines that neither of
those alternatives is financially practical or otherwise reasonably available, ADVANCE
LEARNING may require the return of the Software and refund to you any license fee
paid, less a reasonable allowance for use.
7.4 ADVANCE LEARNING has no liability to you for any claim of copyright
infringement arising from (a) the combination of Intellectual Property with Customer or
third party materials, unless it is determined by a court of competent jurisdiction that the
Intellectual Property is the infringing element of such claim; or (b) the modification or
translation of Intellectual Property or any portion of the Intellectual Property unless the
modification or translation was made or approved in writing by ADVANCE
LEARNING; (c) the use of the Software as part of an infringing process; or (d) any
Software provided by ADVANCE LEARNINGs licensors which do not provide such
indemnification to ADVANCE LEARNINGs customers.
7.5 ADVANCE LEARNING MAKES NO WARRANTY, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR
STATUTORY THAT THE SOFTWARE IS FREE FROM ANY CLAIM OF
INFRINGEMENT OF ANY THIRD PARTYS PATENT RIGHTS. Subject to this
disclaimer, if any party makes a claim of direct infringement of a patent by the
Software, ADVANCE LEARNING may, at its option and expense, either: (a) replace or
modify the Software so that it becomes noninfringing; or (b) procure for you the right
to continue using the Software. If ADVANCE LEARNING determines that neither of
those alternatives is financially practical or otherwise reasonably available, ADVANCE
LEARNING may require the return of the Software and refund to you any license fee
paid, less a reasonable allowance for use.
7.6 THIS SECTION 7 STATES THE ENTIRE LIABILITY OF ADVANCE
LEARNING AND ITS LICENSORS AND YOUR SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE
REMEDY WITH RESPECT TO ANY ALLEGED PATENT OR COPYRIGHT
INFRINGEMENT BY ANY SOFTWARE LICENSED UNDER THIS AGREEMENT.
92
8. TERM. This Agreement remains effective until termination. This Agreement will
automatically terminate if you: (a) fail to comply with any term or condition of this
Agreement; (b) fail to pay for the license when due and such failure to pay continues
for a period of 30 days after written notice from ADVANCE LEARNING; or
(c) become insolvent, make an assignment for the benefit of creditors, file or have filed
against you a petition in bankruptcy or seeking reorganization, have a receiver
appointed, or institute any proceedings for liquidation or winding-up. Upon any
termination, you agree to cease all use of the Software and return to ADVANCE
LEARNING or certify deletion and destruction of the Software, including all copies, to
ADVANCE LEARNINGs reasonable satisfaction.
9. AUDIT RIGHTS. ADVANCE LEARNING shall have the right to audit all your
records and accounts as may contain information related to this Agreement. Such audit
shall be conducted upon reasonable notice during normal business hours by an
independent auditor. ADVANCE LEARNING shall keep confidential any information
gained as a result of any audit, except to use such information as necessary to enforce
ADVANCE LEARNINGs rights under this Agreement.
10. EXPORT. The Software is subject to regulation by local laws which prohibit export
or diversion of certain products, information about the products, and direct products of
the products to certain countries and certain persons. You agree that you will not export
in any manner any of the Software or direct product of the Software, without first
obtaining all necessary approval from appropriate local agencies.
11. CONTROLLING LAW. This Agreement shall be governed by and construed under
the laws of Ireland and the Irish courts shall have exclusive jurisdiction to hear all
matters arising out of this Agreement.
12. SEVERABILITY. If any provision of this Agreement is held by a court of
competent jurisdiction to be void, invalid, unenforceable or illegal, such provision shall
be severed from this Agreement and the remaining provisions will remain in full force
and effect.
13. MISCELLANEOUS. This Agreement contains the entire understanding between
the parties relating to its subject matter and supersedes all prior or contemporaneous
agreements, including but not limited to any purchase order terms and conditions,
except valid license agreements related to the subject matter of this Agreement which
are physically signed by you and an authorized agent of ADVANCE LEARNING. This
Agreement may only be modified by a physically signed writing between you and an
authorized agent of ADVANCE LEARNING. The terms of this Agreement are
confidential information. Waiver of terms or excuse of breach must be in writing and
shall not constitute subsequent consent, waiver or excuse. The prevailing party in any
legal action regarding the subject matter of this Agreement shall be entitled to recover,
in addition to other relief, reasonable attorneys fees and expenses.
93

ICDL User Guide PDF

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ICDL Computer Based Training Programme

International Computer Driving Licence

Capernaum Ltd., Trading as Advance Learning 2004

3. How to Turn On Your PC

4. How to Use the Mouse

5. How to Use the Keyboard

6. Getting to Know the Desktop

10. Glossary of Technical Terms

How ICDL works

Using the computer and managing files

Information and Communication

Benefits of the ICDL

For home users, it provides a relevant and up-to-date syllabus

For employees, it provides a qualification with recognition across

For potential employers, it provides a precise measurement of

For current employers, it provides a standard to encourage

Background of the ECDL / ICDL

ECDL at National Level

Local Test Centres

How to get started

Skills Card/Log Book

3. How to Turn On Your PC

Turn on the monitor power button.

Turn on any other peripheral devices if you have them, such as

Turn on the main power button.

How to install this CD:

1. Remove the CD from the case.

4. Click the CD-drive button to close it.

A Pentium (or compatible) Processor, 133MHz

8 x CD-ROM drive, or greater

Windows 95/98/ME/NT 4.0/2000

16-bit sound card

Minimum resolution: 800 x 600

Recommended resolution: 1024 x 768

Minimum colour setting is 256 Colors

Recommended colour setting is True Color (32 Bit)

resolution 1024 x 768 pixels is reached.

4. How to Use the Mouse

Clicking Quickly press and release the left mouse button

Right-clicking Quickly press and release the right mouse

Double-clicking Quickly press and release the left mouse

Drag and drop A technique used to move objects on the

Used for selecting text. Move the mouse

5. How to Use the Keyboard

The SHIFT key also appears twice on the keyboard. It is used in

6. Getting to Know the Desktop

The display area. The desktop displays commonly used program

A small graphical image displayed on the desktop. Desktop

icons can represent applications such as Microsoft Word, utilities such as My

The area of the screen that displays an application. Application

windows typically consist of a number of features including a title bar, a toolbar,

A list of command choices. Menus can be accessed by clicking the

you to execute a specific task or function, such as printing or saving. Tasks

The button on the title bar (marked with a small

Microsoft Access 2000

Find & Replace

Select All records

Find & Replace

Find & Replace

Insert Page Break

Microsoft Powerpoint 2000

Find & Replace

Module 1 - Basic Concepts of Information Technology