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Abstract ............................................................................................................................................. 2
Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 2
Sustainable Development .......................................................................................................... 3
Sustainable Development and Bangladesh ........................................................................ 4
Challenges of Sustainable Development in Bangladesh ........................................... 4
National Sustainable Development Strategy ................................................................. 5
Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)......................................................................... 5
Characteristics of sustainable agriculture ...................................................................... 6
Present status of sustainable agriculture in Bangladesh ............................................. 7
Issues / Constrains ....................................................................................................................... 7
Challenges in Agricultural Development ............................................................................ 8
Some Major Challenges........................................................................................................... 9
Environmental Challenges in Agriculture ................................................................... 10
The challenges for sustainable farming........................................................................ 11
Role of Government on sustainable agriculture ........................................................... 12
Recommendations ..................................................................................................................... 12
Conclusion..................................................................................................................................... 13
References..................................................................................................................................... 14
Abstract
Sustainable development is a process for meeting human development goals while sustaining the
ability of natural systems to continue to provide the natural resources and ecosystem services
upon which the economy and society depend. While the modern concept of sustainable
development is derived most strongly from the 1987 Brundtland Report, it is rooted in earlier
ideas about sustainable forest management and twentieth century environmental concerns.
Sustainable development is one of the most discussed and desired things for last few decades in
Bangladesh and whole of the world. Economist, Development planners are trying to find out a
way to achieve sustainable development or make the development sustainable. But due to a lot of
challenges it is really tough to prepare and execute a proper plan for achieving sustainable
development.
This paper presents dimensions of agricultural sustainability as productivity, environmental
stability, economical profitability, and social and economic equity. This paper mainly focuses on
the major challenges for sustainable development in our country.
Introduction
Sustainable development is the organizing principle for sustaining finite resources necessary to
provide for the needs of future generations of life on the planet. It is a process that envisions a
desirable future state for human societies in which living conditions and resource-use continue to
meet human needs.
Sustainability can be defined as the practice of maintaining processes of productivity indefinitely
natural or human made by replacing resources used with resources of equal or greater value
without degrading or endangering natural biotic systems. Sustainable development ties together
concern for the carrying capacity of natural systems with the social, political, and economic
challenges faced by humanity. Sustainability science is the study of the concepts of sustainable
development and environmental science.
Bangladesh agriculture has changed dramatically, especially since the end of Independent War.
Crops productivity soared due to new technologies, mechanization, increased chemical use,
specialization and government policies that favored maximizing production. These changes
allowed fewer farmers with reduced labour demands to produce the majority of the crops in
Bangladesh. Although these changes have many positive effects and reduced many risks in
farming, there have also been significant increased costs viz. top soil depletion, ground and
surface water contamination, continued neglect of the living and working conditions for farm
labours, increasing costs of production, and the disintegration of economic and social conditions
in rural communities. Necessity of Sustainable agriculture for present contest include i)
providing a more profitable farm income; ii) promoting environmental stewardship (protecting
and improving soil quality, reducing dependence on non-renewable resources, such as fuel and
synthetic fertilizers and pesticide and minimizing adverse impacts on safety, wildlife, water
quality another environmental resource iii) reducing loss of biodiversity and agricultural genetic
diversity. The progress of sustainable agriculture is not mentionable. Sustainable agriculture
appears in NGO levels as its ecological farming system. The government initiated some
programs with support from different aid agencies from very recent. Research on sustainable
agriculture was done very few in NGO level.
Sustainable Development
The concept sustainable development has a long history and it contains a much deeper
meaning than it appears. Sustainable development was used in the Brundtland Commission
report Our Common Future in 1987. In the report, the commission coined what has become the
most often-quoted definition of sustainable development: "development that meets the needs of
the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
We are developing day by day. The effects of this development are high on the environment. Our
ecology is not so much strong to face these effects. The sustainable development means to find
out a reconciliation point of development and environment. Maintaining the development over
time is also sustainable development.
But what is sustainability? Sustainability is a function of social, economic, technological and
ecological themes. Important related concepts are 'strong' and 'weak' sustainability, deep ecology
and just sustainability. "Just sustainability" offers a socially conception of sustainability. Just
sustainability effectively addresses what has been called the 'equity deficit'
of environmental sustainability. It is the egalitarian conception of sustainable development". It
generates a more nuanced definition of sustainable development: the need to ensure a better
quality of life for all, now and into the future, in a just and equitable manner, whilst living within
the limits of supporting ecosystems.
The concept of sustainable development must be understood in terms of human needs, rights and
responsibility towards the environment as well as in terms of solidarity between generations
and between communities. Unless we keep this in mind too many people will persist in
maintaining that we should deal with poverty and growth first and then take a look at the
environment.
Sustainable development implies the fulfillment of several conditions: preserving the overall
balance, respect for the environment, and preventing the exhaustion of natural resources.
Reduced production of waste and the rationalization of production and energy consumption must
also be implemented. Sustainable development is presented as a more or less clean break from
other modes of development, which have led and are still leading to worrying social and
ecological damage on both a worldwide and a local scale. In order to be sustainable,
development must combine three main elements: fairness, protection of the environment, and
economic efficiency.
Issues / Constrains
No single approach can be applied uniformly, heterogeneity in agro-climatic environment
(agro-ecology, local and regional biophysical factors, and farmer characteristics),
conditions need to adopt and the type of sustainable agriculture practice adopted,
Amount and availability of biomass (e.g. crop residues, animal dung) is crucial element
for the most Sustainable Agriculture practice for moisture conservation, soil fertility
enhancement. Competing uses for biomass e.g. as cooking fuel or as fodder for cattle.
Biomass constrained by limitedness of resource endowment,
Economic incentives (e.g. prices) determine the profitable Sustainable Agriculture.
Availability of information on net benefits of adoption, technical details on
implementation of Sustainable Agriculture practices,
and for extension (b) Shortage of fund and other logistics to carry out the activity of the sector.
There are no alternative livelihoods supports to fishers during banned fishing seasons and
sanctuary maintenance remained low and ineffective. Without such support and social safety net
assistance for the poor fishers, sanctuary management and resource conservation may remain
ineffective.
Ensuring feed and fodder is the major challenge for the growing livestock sector. There is no
control of diseases such as bird flu for poultry and anthrax for cattle. It is tough to support small
holders so that they can sustain and flourish in this promising sector. So this sector is not
sustainable.
Rural Non formal sector is widely diverse in structure, scale and product coverage and hence
faces diverse constraints ranging from good road for a motorized vehicle operator to technical,
management and marketing skills for a micro, small or medium enterprise. Rural enterprises are
constrained by lack of access to credit, market and electricity and lack of education and training
of entrepreneurs. Lack of proper infrastructure, technology, access to market, and institutional
support hinder robust growth of RNF sector. Poorer households are at a disadvantage owing to
lack of credit, education and electricity and engaged in low productivity activities- these are the
major challenges of this sector.
If look the graph (Figure-1) where in 1970 population were very small in number but in 2010 its
a large number of population and food production also increasing but the total cultivate land are
not increases some time it was decreases too. Our present population is 150 Million and if this
rate of birth is ongoing than by 2020 it will reach 160 Million or above. So, it the final time to
address the population control otherwise the upcoming disaster would be damaged our whole
structure and when people eat the meet of human being in absent of food or food crises.
Recommendations
1. To introduce sustainable agriculture practice for attaining household food security,
livelihood, and finally alleviation of poverty.
2. Improve access to as well as the quality of information education and training program on
sustainable agriculture for farmers and extension workers.
3. Policy advocacy and lobbying in favour of sustainable agriculture with GOs, NGOs, private
and multilateral organizations.
4. More research and understanding needed on institutions links between applied research and
farmer.
5. To raise awareness/social mobilization on sustainable agriculture.
7. Build up partnership with GO's, NGOs, networks, private sector, institutions, research
organizations, other related organizations to promote sustainable agriculture.
8. To establish resource center on sustainable agriculture.
Conclusion
There are lots of challenges Bangladesh have to face to attain sustainable development. There are
challenges in every sector. It is tough to face all of the challenges. But the government should
prioritize the challenges and need to resolve these challenges. We should be strategic and stay
focused to overcome these challenges. In every stages of development we have to face new
challenges.
Now incentives and policies for ensuring the sustainability of agriculture will be crucial if we are
to meet the demands of improving yields without comprising environmental integrity or public
health. Given emerging pressure and resource constraints, agricultural policies need to
simultaneously help meet the triple objectives of socio-economy, agricultural production and
environmental sustainability. A major challenge is to create policies, institutions, human
resources and technologies that make the three goals more compatible. To maximize
agricultures efficiency and sustainability, public policy should seek to internalize all cost and
benefits in the price of production inputs, such as improving pricing mechanisms for irrigation
water, facilitating land market development, and eliminating distorting taxes and subsidies on
agrochemical inputs, including fertilizers. Secure property rights and other policies offering
farmers incentives for investing in resource management, as well as access to yield-increasing
and resource conserving technologies are critical.
References
1. Bangladesh Rio + 20: National Report on Sustainable Development,
2. Agriculture Sector Review (Crop sub sector). Actionable policy brief and resource
Implications. Ministry of Agriculture, Govt. Republic of Bangladesh, Dhaka. pp. 14-51.
3. Bangladesh: Citizens' Perspective on Sustainable Development, Bangladesh Unnayan
Parishad (BUP),
4. M. S. Islam, A. M. H. R. Khan, S. Nasreen, F. Rabbi & M. R. Islam, Renewable Energy:
The Key to Achieving Sustainable Development of Rural Bangladesh, December 2011
5. Fisheries statistical yearbook of Bangladesh 20082009. Dhaka: Fisheries Resources
Survey System, Department of Fisheries, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock. p. 1.
6. http://www.sustainabletable.org
7. Sustainable Agriculture a Challenge for the 21st Century, Conference report, Bonn, 2324 November 2010.
8. National-Sustainable-Development-Strategy, Bangladesh
9. Joynal Md. Abdin, Women Empowerment in Bangladesh, The Federation of Bangladesh
Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FBCCI)
10. Kamal M.A., Sultana, S.A. (Not found): Barriers to Development in Open Learning and
Distance Education: Bangladesh, Bangladesh Open University.