MAHALAKSHMI

ENGINEERING COLLEGE
TIRUCHIRAPALLI 621213

QUESTION BANK WITH ANSWERS

DEPARTMENT: MECHANICAL

SEMESTER: 04

SUBJECT CODE: CE6306

SUBJECT NAME: STRENGTH OF MATERIALS

UNIT-1
PART-A
1. Define Hookes law .
Within the elastic limit, the stress is directly proportional to the strain
Stress strain
Stress/strain = Constant of proportionality
The constants of proportionality are called elastic constants
2. What are the three types of stresses?
1. Tensile stress
2. Compressive stress
3. Tangential or shear stress
3. Define lim it of proportionality and yield stress
The load, w ithin w hich the stress is directly proportional to the strain, is called limit of
proportionality
The load at w hich the material starts yielding and does not regains its original shape on
removal of load, is called yield stress.
4. What do you m ean by stiffness?
Stiffness is defined as the ability of the material to resist deformation under stress. The
modulus of elasticity is the measure of stiffness.
5. Define elasticity
The property of certain materials of returning back to their original position, after
removing the external force, is know n as elasticity.
6. What is principle of super position?
The resultant deformation of the body is equal to the algebraic sum of the deformation of
the individual section. Such principle is called as principle of super position.
7. What is com pound bar?
A composite bar composed of tw o or more different materials joined together such that
system is elongated or compressed in a single unit.

C.K.GOPALAKRISHNAN, AP/MECH, MAHALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE, Trichy

8. Define elastic lim it.

The maximum applied load w ithin w hich the material regains its original shape on
removal of load is called elastic limit of the material.
9. What is therm al stress?
The stress induced in the material due to prevention of thermal expansion is called
thermal stress. This can be calculated by = tE
10. Define Youngs m odulus.
The ratio of tensile stress and tensile strain or compressive stress and compressive
strain, w ithin the elastic limit is called Youngs modulus.
11. Explain the effect of change of temperature in a com posite bar.
Whenever there is some increase or decreases in the temperature of a bar, consisting of
tw o or more different materials, it causes the bar to expand or contract. On account of
different coeffecients of linear expansions, the tw o materials do not expand or contract
by the same amount, but expand or contract by different amounts.
e1 +e2 =t(1-2)
12. Write the concept used for finding stresses in com posite bars.
1. Extensions or contractions of the bar being equal, the deformation per unit length is
also equal.
l1= l2
2. The total external load on the bar, is equal to the sum of the loads carried by the
different materials.
P=P1+P2=1A 2+1A 2
13. What do you m ean by rigid body?
If the distance betw een any of the particles of a body remains constant on application of
load, it is called rigid body.
14. Define w orking stress and factor of safety.
The permissible stress w ithin w hich a material can be loaded is called w orking stress.
Working stress= Ultimate stress/Factor of safety
The ratio of ultimate stress to the permissible stress (w orking stress) is called factor of
safety.
Factor of safety=Ultimate stress/Permissible stress
15. Define strain.
When a body is subjected to an external force, there is some change of dimension in the
body.
Numerically the strain is equal to the ratio of change in length to the original length of the
body.
Strain, e = Change in length/Original length
= l / l
16. Define stress.
When an external force acts on a body, it undergoes deformation. At the same time the
body resists deformation. The magnitude of the resisting force is numerically equal to the
applied force. This internal resisting force per unit area is called stress.
Stress, = Force/Area

C.K.GOPALAKRISHNAN, AP/MECH, MAHALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE, Trichy

Define Poissons ratio.

When a body is stressed, w ithin the elastic limit, the ratio of lateral strain to the
longitudinal strain is constant for a given material.
Poissons ratio , = Lateral strain/Linear strain
18.
Define shear stress and shear strain
When tw o equal and opposite force act tangentially on any cross sectional plane of the
body, it tends to slide one part of the body over the other part. The stress induced is
called shear stress and the corresponding strain is know n as shear strain.
19.
Define longitudinal strain and lateral strain.
When a body is subjected to axial load P, the length of the body is incr eased. The axial
deformation of the length of the body is called longitudinal strain.
The strain right angle to the direction of the applied load is called lateral strain.
20.
State the relationship between Youngs Modulus and Modulus of
Rigidity and bulk m odulus
E=2G(1+)
E=3k(1-2)
E=9KG/3K+G
Where
E- Youngs Modulus
G Modulus of rigidity
K- Bulk Modulus
- Poissons ratio.
21.
What is volum etric strain?
It is defined as the ratio of change in volume to the original volume of the body
Volumetric strain ev=Change in volume / Original volume =V /V
22.
What is stability?
The stability is defined as an ability of a material to w ithstand high load w ithout major
deformation.
23.
Define Modulus of rigidity.
Within elastic limit, the ratio of shear stress to shear strain is called shear modulus or
modulus of rigidity.
G = shear stress/shear strain.
24.
Define proof resilience and m odulus of resilience.
The maximum strain energy w hich can be stored in a body is called proof resilience.
The proof resilience per unit volume of a material is called modulus of resilience.
25.
Define strain energy and w rite its unit.
The energy w hich is absorbed in a body, w hen strained w ithin the elastic limit, is know n
as strain energy. Its unit is N-m or J.
26.
Define strain energy density.
Strain energy density is defined as the maximum strain energy that can be stored in a
material w ithin the elastic limit per unit volume. It is also called modulus of resilience.
27.
Define strain energy.
The energy, w hich is absorbed in a body w hen strained w ithin elastic limit, is know n as
strain energy. This strain energy is alw ays capable of doing some w ork.
17.

C.K.GOPALAKRISHNAN, AP/MECH, MAHALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE, Trichy

PART B
1. A bar 0.3 m long is 50 m m square in section for 120 m m of its length, 25 m m
diam eter for 80 m m and of 40 m m diam eter for the rem aining length. If a tens ile
force of 100 kN is applied to the bar, calculate the m axim um and the m inim um
stress produced in it, and the total elongation. Take E = 200 GN/m 2 and assum e
uniform distribution of load over the cross section.

C.K.GOPALAKRISHNAN, AP/MECH, MAHALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE, Trichy

2. A steel circular bar has three segments as shown in figure. Determine (i) the total
elongation of the bar (ii) the length of the m iddle segment to have zero elongation
of the bar (iii) the diam eter of the last segment to have zero elongation of the bar,
Take E = 200 GPa.

C.K.GOPALAKRISHNAN, AP/MECH, MAHALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE, Trichy

C.K.GOPALAKRISHNAN, AP/MECH, MAHALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE, Trichy

3. A reinforced concrete colum n 500 m m x 500 m m in section is reinforced w ith 4

steel bars of 25 m m diam eter, one in each corner. The colum n is carrying a load
of 1000 kN. Find the stresses in the concrete and steel bars. Take E for steel =
210 x 103 N/m m 2 and E for concrete = 14 x 103 N/m m 2.

C.K.GOPALAKRISHNAN, AP/MECH, MAHALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE, Trichy

4. A com pound tube consists of an inner steel tube of 170 m m external diam eter and
10 m m thickness and an outer brass tube of 190 m m external diam eter and 10 m m
thickness. The two tubes are of sam e length. The com pound tube carries an axial
load of 1 MN. Find the stresses and the load carried by each tube and am ount of
shortening. Length of the tube is 200 m m . Es = 200 GN/m 2, Eb=100 GN/m 2.

C.K.GOPALAKRISHNAN, AP/MECH, MAHALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE, Trichy

5. Derive a relation for change in length of a bar of uniform tapering circular section
subjected to an axial tensile load P.

C.K.GOPALAKRISHNAN, AP/MECH, MAHALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE, Trichy

C.K.GOPALAKRISHNAN, AP/MECH, MAHALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE, Trichy

6. A steel tube of 30 m m external diam eter and 20 m m internal diam eter encloses a
copper rod of 15 m m diam eter to w hich it is rigidly joined at end. If, at a
tem perature 10oC, there is no longitudinal stress. Calculate the stresses in the
rod and tube w hen the tem perature is raised to 200 oC. Es=2.1 x 105 N/m m 2, Ec =
1x105 N/m m 2. Coefficient of linear expansion of steel and copper are 11 x 10-6 per
o
C and 18 x 10-6 per o C respectively.

C.K.GOPALAKRISHNAN, AP/MECH, MAHALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE, Trichy

7. Derive a relation for change in length of a bar hanging freely under the ow n
w eight.

C.K.GOPALAKRISHNAN, AP/MECH, MAHALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE, Trichy

8. Draw the stress strain curve for a m ild steel rod subjected to tension and explain
about the salient points on it.

C.K.GOPALAKRISHNAN, AP/MECH, MAHALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE, Trichy

9. A 25 m m diam eter bar, 200 m m long, extends 0.19 m m under a tensile load of 110
kN. On the sam e bar, an axial hole is drilled to produce a hollow cylinder of
uniform thickness. What is the m axim um diam eter of the hole possible if the
stress is lim ited to 240 MPa, the load being the sam e? What is the axial
deform ation?

C.K.GOPALAKRISHNAN, AP/MECH, MAHALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE, Trichy

10. A steel w ire 6 m m diam eter is used for lifting a load of 1.5 kN at its low est end, the
w eight of the wire hanging vertically being 160 m eters. Taking the unit w eight of
the steel = 78 kN/m 3 and E =2 x 105 N/m m 2, calculate the elongation of the w ire.

C.K.GOPALAKRISHNAN, AP/MECH, MAHALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE, Trichy

11. A railw ay track is laid so that there is no stress in the rails at 10oC. Calculate (i)
the stress on the rails at 60oC if there is no allow ance for expansion (ii) the stress
in rails at 60oC if there is expansion allowance 10 m m per rail. (iii) The expansion
allow ance if the stress in the rail is to be zero w hen the tem perature is 60 oC. The
rails are 30 m long = 12 x 10-6 per oC and E = 2 x 105 N/m m 2.

C.K.GOPALAKRISHNAN, AP/MECH, MAHALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE, Trichy

12. Steel rail road 10 m long is laid w ith a clearance of 3 m m at a tem perature of 15 oC.
At w hat temperature w ill the rails just touch? What stress w ould be induced in the
rails at that tem perature if there w ere no initial clearance? Assum e coefficient of
expansion, = 11.7 x 10-6/oC and m odulus of elasticity. E = 200 GPa.

C.K.GOPALAKRISHNAN, AP/MECH, MAHALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE, Trichy

13. An alum inium cylinder of diam eter 60 m m located inside a steel cylinder of
internal diam eter 60 m m and w all thickness 15 m m . The assembly is subjected to
a com pressive force of 200 kN. Determine the forces and stresses developed in
steel and alum inum. Take m odulus of elasticity for steel as 200 GPa and that of
alum inum as 50 GPa.

C.K.GOPALAKRISHNAN, AP/MECH, MAHALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE, Trichy

14. A m ild steel rod of 25 m m internal diam eter and 400 m m long is enclosed centrally
inside a hollow copper tube of external diam eter 35 m m and internal diam eter of
30 m m . The end of the tube and rods are brazed together, and the com posite bar
is subjected to an axial pull of 50 kN. If E for steel and copper are 200 GN/m 2 and
100 GN/m 2 respectively, find the stresses developed in the rod and the tube. Also
find the extension of the rod.

C.K.GOPALAKRISHNAN, AP/MECH, MAHALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE, Trichy

C.K.GOPALAKRISHNAN, AP/MECH, MAHALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE, Trichy

15. A m ild steel rod of 20 m m diam eter and 300 m m long is enclosed centrally inside a
hollow copper tube of external diam eter 30 m m and internal diameter 25 m m . The
end s of the rod and tube are blazed together, and the com posite bar is subjected
to an axial pull of 40 kN. If E for steel and copper is 200 GN/m 2 and 100 GN/m 2
respectively, find (i) the stresses dev eloped in the rod and the tube (ii) load
carried by the rod and the tube and (iii) extension of the rod.

C.K.GOPALAKRISHNAN, AP/MECH, MAHALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE, Trichy

16. A hollow circular section of length 2 m is subjected to an axial tensile load of 40

kN. The diam eter ratio of the shaft is 0.6. Determ ine the suitable outer diam eter of
the bar if the m axim um tensile stress is lim ited to 200 MPa and the elongation of
the bar is lim ited to 2.5 m m . E = 100 GPa. Determ ine the change in outer
diam eter, if Poiss ons ratio is 0.25. If the hollow bar is replaced by a solid bar,
determ ine the diam eter of the solid bar. Out of the tw o sections w hich one is
econom ical?

C.K.GOPALAKRISHNAN, AP/MECH, MAHALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE, Trichy

C.K.GOPALAKRISHNAN, AP/MECH, MAHALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE, Trichy

17. A copper bar 50 m m diam eter is placed w ithin a steel tube 75 m m in external
diam eter and 50 m m in internal diam eter of exactly the sam e length. The tw o
pieces are rigidly fixed together by tw o pins 18 m m in diam eter, one at each end
passing through the bar and the tube. Calculate stress induced in the copper bar,
steel tube and pins if the tem perature of the com bination is raised by 50 oC. Take
Es = 210 GPa, Ec =105 GPa, s = 11.5 x 10-6/oC; = 17 x 10-6/oC.

C.K.GOPALAKRISHNAN, AP/MECH, MAHALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE, Trichy

18. For the equilibrium of the compound bar show n in the figure, find the value of P,
stresses in all the segments and the total elongation. Take Youngs m odulus as
200 GPa. Segm ent AB is a circular of diam eter 50 m m , BC is a square of side 40
m m and CD is a rectangle of sides 30 m m x 20 m m .

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C.K.GOPALAKRISHNAN, AP/MECH, MAHALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE, Trichy

19. A solid circular bar of diam eter 20 m m w hen subjected to an axial ten sile load of
40 kN, the reduction in diam eter of the rod w as observed as 6.4 x 10 -3 m m . The
bulk m odulus of the m aterials of the bar is 67 GPa. Determ ine the follow ing: (i)
Youngs m odulus (ii) Poissons ratio (iii) Modulus of rigidity (iv) change in le ngth
per m etre and (v) change in volum e of the bar per m etre length.

C.K.GOPALAKRISHNAN, AP/MECH, MAHALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE, Trichy

C.K.GOPALAKRISHNAN, AP/MECH, MAHALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE, Trichy

20. A steel bar 40 m m x 40 m m in section and 150 m m long is acted upon by a tensile
loads of 200 kN along its longitudinal axis and 500 kN and 400 kN along the axes
of the lateral surfaces. Determ ine (i) change in the dim ensions of the bar (ii)
change in volum e (iii) longitudinal axial load acting alone to produce the sam e
longitudinal strain as in case. Take E = 200 GPa and = 0.3.

C.K.GOPALAKRISHNAN, AP/MECH, MAHALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE, Trichy

C.K.GOPALAKRISHNAN, AP/MECH, MAHALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE, Trichy

21. A bar 30 m m in diam eter was subjected to a tensile load of 54 kN and m easured
extension on 300 m m guage length w as 0.112 m m and change in diam eter w as
0.00366 m m . Calculate the Poissons ratio and the values of three elastic m oduli.

C.K.GOPALAKRISHNAN, AP/MECH, MAHALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE, Trichy

C.K.GOPALAKRISHNAN, AP/MECH, MAHALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE, Trichy

22. Establish the relation betw een Youngs m odulus and bulk m odulus.

C.K.GOPALAKRISHNAN, AP/MECH, MAHALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE, Trichy

C.K.GOPALAKRISHNAN, AP/MECH, MAHALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE, Trichy

23. A steel bar 250 m m long and 50 x 50 m m is subjected to stresses of 100 N/m m 2
tensile along the axis and 30 N/m m 2 com pressive along the sides. The increase in
volum e w as observed to be 50 m m 2. Determ ine the value of Poissons ratio,
m odulus of rigidity and bulk m odulus. Take E = 200 GPa.

C.K.GOPALAKRISHNAN, AP/MECH, MAHALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE, Trichy

C.K.GOPALAKRISHNAN, AP/MECH, MAHALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE, Trichy

24. Establish the relation betw een Youngs m odulus and rigidity m odulus.
Solution:
Consider a cube of length l subjected to a shear stress of as show n in figure.
The cube is subjected to some distortion due to these stresses such that the diagonal
BD w ill be elongated and the diagonal AC w ill be shortened.
The shear stress causes shear strain as show n in figure.
The diagonal BD is now distorted to BD1.

C.K.GOPALAKRISHNAN, AP/MECH, MAHALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE, Trichy

Thus, the linear strain of the diagonal BD is half of the shear strain and is tensile in
nature. The shear stress is acting on the sides AB, BC, CD and AD. The effect of this
stress is to cause tensile stress on the diagonal BD and compressive stress on the
diagonal AC.
Therefore,

And the tensile strain on the diagonal BD due to compressive stress on the diagonal AC,

25. A bar of 30 m m diam eter is subjected to a pull of 60 kN. The m easured extension
on guage length of 200 m m is 0.09 m m and the change in diam eter is 0.039 m m .
Calculate the Poissons ratio and the values of the three m oduli.

C.K.GOPALAKRISHNAN, AP/MECH, MAHALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE, Trichy

26. A bar of m agnesium alloy 28 m m diam eter w as tested on a guage length of 250
m m in tension and in torsion. A tensile load of 50 kN produced an extension of
0.4 m m and a torque of 122.625 Nm produced a tw ist of 1.51 degrees. Determ ine
the (i) Youngs m odulus (ii) Modulus of rigidity (iii) Bulk m odulus and (iv)
Poissons ratio for the m aterial test.
C.K.GOPALAKRISHNAN, AP/MECH, MAHALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE, Trichy

C.K.GOPALAKRISHNAN, AP/MECH, MAHALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE, Trichy

27. A 500 m m long bar has rectangular cross section 20 m m x 40 m m . This bar is
subjected to (i) 40 kN tensile force on 20 m m x 40 m m faces, (ii) 200 kN
com pressive force on 20 m m x 500 m m faces, and (iii) 300 kN tensile force on 40
m m x 500 m m faces. Find the change in volum e if E = 2 x 105 N/m m 2 and = 0.3.
Solution:

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C.K.GOPALAKRISHNAN, AP/MECH, MAHALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE, Trichy

28. A rod of length 1.5 m and diam eter 20 m m is subjected to a tensile load of 15 kN.
The increase in length of rod is 0.35 m m and decrease in diam eter is 0.0015 m m .
Calculate Poissons ratio and three m oduli of the m aterial of the rod.

C.K.GOPALAKRISHNAN, AP/MECH, MAHALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE, Trichy

29. For a given m aterial, Youngs m odulus is 1 x 10 5 N/m m 2 and m odulus of rigidity is
0.4 x 105 N/m m 2. Find the bulk m odulus and lateral contraction of a round bar of
the above m aterial of 50 m m diam eter and 2.5 m long w hen stretched 2.5 m m .
Take Poissons ratio as .

C.K.GOPALAKRISHNAN, AP/MECH, MAHALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE, Trichy

30. A m ild steel flat 200 m m w ide, 15 m m thick and 5 m long is subjected to axial
tension of 60 kN. Calculate the change in dim ensions and the volum e. Take E =
2x 105 N/m m 2, Poissons ratio = 0.3.

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C.K.GOPALAKRISHNAN, AP/MECH, MAHALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE, Trichy