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Within the last three decades in the realm of human resource management, the
technique of the employee participation in management has been regarded as a powerful
behavioral tool for managing industrial relations system. This widely debated concept
has evolved from the purely ideological and imaginative plank to an organizational
reality. But the form and connotation of the term varies with the social economic goals
of a particular country.
For example, earlier in those countries where all or most of the means of
production were under public ownership, the term is used in quite a different sense as
against those countries where the means of production are in private hands. Again, in a
centrally planned economy, the nature and form of industrial democracy is not the
same as in a market economy. For management, it is joint consultation prior to decision
making. The management
improving the overall performance of an enterprise. For them, it means that workers
are given an opportunity to take part in those decisions which affect their wages, their
working conditions, their very jobs, and this participation paves the way to harmonious
industrial relations which are conductive to increasing productivity and efficiency. For
labourers, it is just like co decisions or co-determination. The trade unions view the
concept as the harbinger of a new order of social relationship and a new set of power
equations within organizations. This does not mean that they are concerned with
improving organizational Performance but in terms of relative importance and priorities,
they hold the view that the functioning of economic activity is, by its very nature, social.
The objective is to gain control over the decision making process within as enterprise.
The concept of employee participations in management crystallizes the concept
of industrial democracy, and indicates an attempt on the part of an employer to build his
employees in to a team which works towards the realization of a common objective.
Democracy in management does not mean that supervisor need over take a
ballot. It does mean that he must consult his staff frequently. It only means that he must
given them a chance to express themselves, to think with him in arriving at a decision
rather than just to receive decisions, to be free to apply their own intelligence rather than
being told every detailed step in how they must perform them.
OGLENNSTAHL
1. Constitutional requirement :Article 43(A) of the Indian constitution envisages the workers participation in
management may be secured by any means. So the PSEs are required to fulfill these
provisions by the speedier implementation of the scheme for effective workers
participation in management.
2. Psychological Requirement :The workers participation in public enterprises is also necessary to boost
psychological and emotion feelings of the workers for attaining due status in the
decision making process of the enterprise. Professor Om Prakash rightly pointed out
that where public corporations have emerged as a result of nationalization
programmes,the working class expect their status to be raised fundamentally the slogan
mines for the miners still creates considerable enthusiasm.
3. Production and productivity requirement :For enhancing productivity and production in public enterprises, workers
participation in management has an important role to play. But it largely depend on
improved conditions of work and improved methods and latest machinery and
equipment. The management should consult workers in respect of new machinery,
methods of production and the way in which economies could be effected in the cost of
production and ways which the productivity may be increased.
4. Improvement of mutual co-operation :Workers participation in management is quite necessary to improve mutual
understanding and co-operation between the management and workers. Managerial
effectiveness and willing co-operation of workers in public enterprises are the two preconditions for unimpaired organizational performance and production. Workers have
very powerful unions, and there are conflicts in attitude and approach, between
management and unions. Given a sense of identification and good mutual understanding
on the part of both, hindrances can be over come by allowing reasonable concessions to
workers. This can be achieved more easily through workers participation in
management.
5.Removal of Communication Gap:To bridge the gap between managers and workers in their feelings, workers
participation in management may be used as a successful tool. Once workers are given
an opportunity to participate in the decision making process, their doubts and
misunderstandings are removed, they are committed to the objectives of the enterprises,
becoming responsive to its need as they find greater satisfaction out of investment in
organizing the working methods, setting the production targets and controlling their
own work.
6. Improving Human Relations :Workers participation in management may be looked up on as a way of
humanization industrial work by creating opportunities for them to gain social
satisfaction. Human element is an important factor to reckon with in worker
management relations and only a contended work force, indispensable for production,
can contribute its best to the process of organization at functioning.
7. Establishment of Industrial Democracy :The workers participation is an important means to introduce the notion of
industrial democracy by giving opportunity to the workers to take part in the managerial
functions of their enterprises. This may encourage a sense of integration of workers
towards the enterprise.
8. To Act as a Pace Setter :In recent years, leading corporations in the private sector, may be in their own
commercial interest, have instituted schemes of workers participation in management.
As such, public enterprises should not lag behind in this race. Rather, they must be one
step ahead in this regard and serve as a model for them.
FORMS OF PARTICIPATION :
The form or the way in which workers can do participate in
management varies a great deal. To some extend, this variation is related to the
differences in management, the issue or areas on which participation is sought, and the
pattern of labour management relations. It may also vary from organization to
organization, depending up on the level of power or authority enjoyed by managers at
different levels in different types of organization.
The specific way in which different forms of participation may take place also
varies from situation to situation. There may be formal organizational structures, such as
the works committee, plant councils, shop councils, production committee, safety
committee, joint management council, canteen committee, P.F.Management committee,
etc. the participation may also take place through informal mechanisms and forums. A
supervisor or a foreman may consult a worker before taking a particular decision in
which the later is interested, such as granting or rejecting an application for leave,
allotment of work on overtime, transfer from one section to another.
If workers participate in management either through formal mechanisms or
through informal procedures, if should be considered as an instance of participative
management. Whatever from it may take, it is necessary, for the effective functioning, to
promote the interests of both the parties management and labour. The managements
primary interest lies in improving productivity, reducing cost and thus improving
profitability. The workers interest lies in improving their earnings. When earnings
improve through sharing gains in productivity, apparently a harmony of interests is
promoted. If participation is to be effective as a process or device, it should be
integrated with a scheme of improving productivity and gain sharing.
The participation is of two types :
Ascending participation :
It may be useful to note that the schemes in West Germany (outside of coal
mining and iron and steel), France, the UK, Israel and Poland conform to the joint
consultation model of participation in which the management takes the final decision
but allows the workers representatives to express their views. On the other hand, the codetermination scheme in coal mining and steel industry in West Germany and the joint
management plan in Israel approximate to the joint decision making model in which
workers and management representatives sit together and take decision jointly, through
the workers representatives may be in minority. Yugoslavia provides the only example of
the workers control model. These models often tend to merge in to each other to some
extent. Stray instances of every model can be found in all the countries.
In India, participation in management fall under the co-operative or joint
management model, entailing a tempering of managerial power, but not basically
altering the social system of production relations.
G.L.Nanda, after studying the scheme of workers participation in
management in some of the European Countries concluded. First, through their was a
variety of forms in which consultation between the management and workers was
maintained; the in-built character of consultation is the single important factor in their
success. Secondly, their was no attempt to by pass trade unions through the
establishment of joining consultation machinery.
LEVELS OF PARTICIPATION :
The participation is possible at all levels of management. It depends up on the
nature of functions, the strength of the workers, the attitudes of trade unions and that of
management. The areas and degrees may differ very considerably at different levels of
management. At one end, where the exercise of authority in decision-making is almost
complete, participation will be negligible; while at the other hand, where the exercise of
authority is relatively small, participation will be maximum. In between these two
extremes, the nature and extent of authority is relatively small, participation will be
maximum. In between these two extremes, the nature and extend of participation will
vary, depending on a variety of factors, including the problems or issues, the attitudes
and past experience of the management, and the development of human relations in
general and labour management relations in particular. The fact is that workers
participation in management will have to be at different levels, the workers may be
given an opportunity to influence or take part in management decisions at the higher
level through their representatives on a supervisory board or on the Board of Directors,
or through their work councils. The participation may also be at lower level at which
workers are given some authority to plan and take decisions about their work, like job
enrichment, job enlargement, delegation etc.
There are various stages of participation. Dorothea has given three stage of
development of labour management co-operation, viz.,
- Information sharing
- Problem sharing and
- Idea sharing
Information sharing :
According to her,the information stage is one in which an employer looks up on
the joint committee as a means of informing employees about business conditions and
out look of their company, as well as telling them about changes in operating methods
before they are put into effort.
Problem sharing :
The problem sharing stage is one at which the employer recognizes that workers
can make a contribution in such areas as material costs, and the quality of work, and the
management presents the facts and labour is requested to give its opinion or to make
proposals for improving the situation.
Idea sharing stage :
At the idea sharing stage , the management indicates its willingness to
have labour-initiated ideas in any kind of production and personnel activities and
labour, with certain safeguards , is willing to contribute to the operation of the
business.
Ernest Dale describes four kinds of co-operation :
Joint determination , where policy matters are jointly decided by the union and
the employer.
Broadly speaking , there are four stages of participation.
Informative And Associative Participation:
Where the members have the right to receive information , discuss and
give suggestions on the general economic situation of the concern , the state of
the market ,production and sales programmes , organization and general running of
the undertaking , circumstances affecting the economic position of the concern
methods of manufacture and work , annual balance sheet and profit and loss
account and connected documents and explanations, long term plans for expansion
, redeployment and such other matters as may be agreed to. There are the areas
in which the members have the right to receive information and discuss these ,
and make suggestions which are binding on the management.
Consultative Participation :
Consultative participation involves a higher degree of sharing of view of
the members and giving them an opportunity to express their feelings. In the
process , members are consulted on matters releting to welfare amenities , adoption
of new technology and the problems emanating from it , safety measures etc., Its
managements prerogative to accept the suggestions of workers given at
participative forum.
Administrative Participation :
Administrative participation involves a greater degree of sharing of
authority and responsibility of the management functions. Here members are given
a little more autonomy in the exercise of administrative and supervisory powers
in respect of welfare measures and safety works, the operation of vocational
training and apprenticeship schemes , the preperation of schedules of working
hours and breaks and holidays , payment of reward for valuable suggestions
received and any other matter that may be agreed by the members.
Decision Participation :
Decision Participation is the highest form of articipation , where sharing in
decision-making power is complete and delegation of authority and responsibility
of managerial function to such a body is maximum. In matters like economic ,
Mahatma Gandhi
had
suggested
this on
the
ground
that
workers
each other, they should be great family, living in unity and harmony. The
influence of mahatma Gandhi bore fruit ; and for the first time , the joint
consultation model was advocated in cotton textile industry. The year 1920 may
therefore be regarded as a landmark in the history of joint consultation in India.
The government has acknowledged the importance of workers participation
in management which has been indicated in various official pronouncements from
time to time. The first major step in the direction was the enactment of the
Industrial disputes act in 1947. Further in 1957 the scheme for joint management
council was formulated following the suggestions to this effect in second five
year plan. Prior to it , the industrial policy resolution(1948) had suggested that
labour should be in all matters concerning Industrail production . The first five
year plan had also called for consultation at all levels and reiterated the
governments faith in works committees . It said : Works committees for the
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settlement of differences on the spot between the workers and the management
are the key to the system of industrial relations as conceived in this plan.
The second five year plan also emphasized that increased association of
labour with management would help successful implementation of various plans
by promoting
increased
productivity, by
giving
the
employees
better
understanding of their roles in the working of the industry and in the process of
production and by satisfying the workers urge for self-expression. The plan
characterised the creation of industrial democracy as a pre-requisite for the
establishment of a socialistic society.
The government of indias industrial policy resolution of april 1956 also
laid emphasized the need for the workers participation in management. In
socialist democracy, labour is partner in the common task of the development and
should participate in it with enthusiasm. There should be a joint consultation , and
workers and technicians should wherever possible be associated progressively in
the management. The enterprises in the public sector have to set an example in
this respect .
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employers and Government. At the industry level, standing Tripartite Committees could
serve a useful purpose in identifying the bottlenecks and deficiencies and suggesting
corrective measures.
Comprehensive Scheme for Employees Participation in Management (1983):
Based on a review of the working of the various schemes of workers
participation in management introduced in 1975 and 1977 and the experience so gained,
the Government in 1983 formulated a comprehensive scheme for workers participation
in the Central public sector understanding. The main features of the scheme are:
(i) The scheme will not have any legislative backing to begin with.
(ii) It would cover all public sector undertakings, except those specifically exempted.
(iii)
All the undertakings run on departmental lines by the Central Government
will be excluded.
(iv)It will operate both at the shop floor and the plant levels.
(v) The employees and employers shall have equal representation on all the participative
forums, and
(vi)The functions of the participative forum would be as laid down in the scheme and
can be modified with the consent of both the parties.
But a host of constraints such as multiplicity of union, inter union rivalry, lack
of proper knowledge on the part of workers about the scheme have acted as a
stumbling block in successful working of the scheme.
Forms of workers participation in India :
In the country the workers participation in management scheme is vogue in three
forms, viz.,
(i) The works committees (set up under the Industrial Dispute Act, 1947)
(ii) The joint management councils (setup as a result of the labour Management
Cooperation seminar, 1958)
(iii)
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organizations in public sector undertakings was launched with the setting up of unit
councils. On 30th December 1983, a comprehensive scheme for workers participation in
public undertakings was introduced. It was decided that workers would be allowed to
participate at the shop level the plant level and the board level. As the scheme of shop
council and workers representation on the board of directors were already functioning,
greater emphasis was placed on the setting up of unit councils.
At present the following Participation forms are prevalent in India:
(A)
Works Committees,
(B)
(C)
Joint Councils,
(D)
Unit Councils,
(E)
Plant Councils,
(F)
Shop Councils,
(G)
(H)
The above Participative forms are dealt with in the following paragraphs.
Works Committees :
The Industrial Disputes Act, 1949 provides for the setting up of works
committees as a scheme of workers Participation in management which consist of
representatives of employers and employees. The Act provides for these bodies in every
undertaking employing 100 or more workmen. The aim of setting up of these bodies is
to promote measures for maintaining harmonious relations in the work place and to sort
out differences of opinion in respect of matters of common interest to employers and
employees. The Bombay Industrial Relations Act, 1946 also provides for these bodies,
but under the provisions of this Act they can be set up only in units which have a
recognized union and they are called joint committees. The workers directly elect their
representatives where there is no union.
Functions :
These works Committees /Joint committees are consultative bodies. Their
functions include discussion of conditions of work like lighting, ventilation,
temperature, sanitation etc., amenities like water supply for drinking purposes provision
of canteens, medical services, safe working conditions, administration of welfare funds,
educational and recreational activities and encouragement of thrift and savings. It shall
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be the duty of the works committee to promote measures for searching and preserving
amity and good relations between the employers and workmen and to comment upon
matters of their common interest or concern and endeavor to re-council any material
difference of opinion in respect of such matters.
Structure :
The works committees have, as office bearers, a President, a Vice President, a
Secretary and a Joint Secretary. The president is a nominee of the employer and the Vice
President is the workers representative. The tenure of these bodies is two years. The
total strength of these bodies should not exceed 20. The employees representatives have
to be chosen by the employees.
These committees functioned actively in some organizations like Tata Iron and
Steel Company, Indian Aluminum works at Belur, and Hindustan Lever. In all these, the
management have evolved joint committees independently of the statutory requirements.
Joint Management Councils (JMCs) :
The second Five Year Plan recommended the setting up of joint councils of
management consisting of representatives of workers and management. The
Government of India deputed a study group (1957) to study the schemes of workers
Participation in management in countries like UK, France, Belgium and Yugoslavia.
The report of the study group was considered by the Indian Labour Conference (ILC) in
its 15th session in 1957 and it made certain recommendations.
(i) That workers Participation in management schemes should be set up in selected
undertakings as a voluntary basis.
(ii) A sub committee consisting of representatives of employers, workers and
government should be set up for considering the details of workers Participation in
management schemes. This committee should select the undertaking where workers
participation on management would be introduced in the first stage on an experimental
basis.
Objectives:
The objectives of Joint Management Councils are as follows:
(i) To increase the association of employers and employee thereby promoting cordial
industrial relations.
(ii) To improve the operational efficiency of the workers,
(iii)
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(iv)To educate workers so that they are well equipped to participate in these schemes,
and
(v) To satisfy the psychological needs of workers.A tripartite sub committee was set up
as per the recommendations of Indian Labour Conference which laid down certain
criteria for selection of enterprises where the JMCs could be introduced. They are:
(i) The unit must have 500 or more employees.
(ii) It should have a fair record of industrial relations,
(iii)
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(iv) The employer in a Private undertaking should be member of one of the leading
employers organization, and similarly the trade union be related to one of the central
federations.
(v) The company should have fair record of industrial relations.
Functions :
The following are the important functions of JMCs:
(i) To be consulted on matters like standing orders, retrenchment, rationalization,
closure, reduction of operations etc.
(ii) To receive information, to discuss and offer suggestions,
(iii)
To shoulder administrative responsibilities like maintaining welfare
measures, safety measures, training schemes, working hours, payment of rewards.
The tripartite committee originally prepared a list of 50 enterprises and later the
target was raised to 150 to introduce JMCs. It was found by 1966 that 124 JMCs were
in existence. This number dropped to 80 in 1978 and a good number of these were not
working. Some of the organizations which were successful with experiments of workers
participation are Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL), Tata Iron and Steel
Company (TISCO), Indian Aluminum Company and Aluminum Industries of Kundara.
TISCO agreed to establish a comprehensive scheme of joint consultation by an
agreement with its units. Under this scheme a three tier system of consultation was set
up.
Joint Councils:
At every division /region /zonal level, or as may be considered necessary in a
particular branch of an organization /service employing 100 or more people, there shall
be a joint council. The main features of the joint council shall be:
(i) Each organization /service shall decide the number of councils to be set up for
different types of services rendered by it in consultation with the recognized union or
workers as the case may be, in the manner best suited to the local conditions.
(ii) Only such persons who are actually engaged in the organization /service shall be
members of the joint council. Each organization /service may decide the number of
members in the manner suggested in item(s) but the membership should not be
unwieldy.
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(iii)
The tenure of the council shall be two years. if, however, a member is
nominated in the mid term of council to fill a casual vacancy, the member nominated
shall continue in office for the remaining period of the council.
(iv) The chief executive of the organization /service or of its divisional / regional /zonal
branch, as the case may be, shall be the chairman of the joint council. There shall be a
vice chairman who will be chosen by the worker members of the council.
(v) The joint council shall appoint one of its members as its secretary who will prepare
the agenda, record the minutes of the meetings and report on the implementation of the
decisions arrived at every meeting. The management shall provide the necessary
facilities with in the premises of the organization /service for the efficient discharge of
his functions by the secretary.
(vi)The joint council shall meet when even considered necessary, but at least once in a
quarter. Every meeting shall review the action taken on the decisions of earlier meetings
for an effective follow-up action.
(vii) Every decision of the joint council shall be on the basis of consensus and not by a
process of voting it shall be binding on the management and workers and shall be
implemented with in one month, unless otherwise started in the decision.
Functions of the joint councils:
The following shall be functions of the joint council:
(i) The settlement of matters which remain unresolved by unit level councils and
arranging joint meetings for resolving inter council problems.
(ii) Review of the working of the union level council for improvement in the customer
service and evolving for the best way of handling of goods traffic, accounts, etc.,
(iii)
Unit level matters which have a bearing on other branches or on the
enterprise as a whole.
(iv) Development of skills of workers and adequate facilities for trading.
(v) Improvement in the general conditions of work.
(vi) Preparation of schedules of working hours and holidays.
(vii) Proper recognition and appreciation of useful suggestions received from workers
through a system of rewards.
(viii) Discussion on any matter having a bearing on the improvement of performance of
the organization / service with a view to ensuring better customer service.
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Unit Councils:
Encouraged by the success of the Joint Councils scheme in manufacturing and
mining units, a new scheme of workers participation in management in commercial and
service organizations in the public sector, having large scale public dealings, was
announced on 5th January 1977. The scheme envisaged the setting up of unit councils
in units employing at least 100 persons. The organizations include hotels, restaurants,
hospitals, air, sea, railway and road transport services, ports and docks, ration shops,
schools, research institutions, provident fund and pension organizations, municipal and
milk distribution services, trust organizations, all financial institutions, banks, insurance
companies, posts and telegraph offices the food corporation, State electricity boards,
Central warehousing, State warehousing corporations, State Trading corporations,
mines and minerals Trading corporation, irrigation systems tourists organizations,
establishment of public amusement and training organizations of central and state
Government.
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(iv)The management shall, in consultation with the recognized union or the registered
union or workers as the case may be, determine in the manner best suited to local
conditions, the number of unit councils and the departments to be attached to each
council of the organization /service.
(v) All the decisions of a unit council shall be on the basis of consensus and not by a
process of voting, provided that either party may refer the unsettled matters to the joint
council for consideration.
(vi) Every decision of a unit council shall be implemented by the parties concerned with
in a month, unless otherwise stated in the decisions itself.
(vii)The management shall make suitable agreements for the recording and maintenance
if minutes and designate on of its representatives as a secretary for this purpose, who
shall also report on the action taken on the decisions at subsequent meetings of the
council.
(viii) Such decisions of a unit council have a bearing on another unit of the organization
/service as a whole shall be referred to the joint council for consideration and decision.
(ix) A unit council once formed shall function for a period of three years. Any member
nominated or elected to the council in the mid term to fill a casual vacancy shall
continue to be a member of the council for the unexpired period of the term of the
council,
(x)The council shall meet as frequently as is necessary but at least once a month.
Functions of unit council :
The main functions of the unit councils are:
(i) To create conditions for achieving optimum efficjiency, better customer service in
areas where there is direct and immediate contact between workers at the operational
level and the consumer, higher productivity and out put, including elimination of
wastage and idle time, and optimum utilization of manpower by joint involvement in
improving the work system.
(ii) To identify areas of chronically bad, inadequate or inferior service and to take
necessary corrective steps to eliminate the contributing factors and evolve improved
methods of operation.
(iii)
(iv)To eliminate pilferage and all forms of corruption and to institute a system of
rewards for this purpose.
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The plant council shall normally deal with the following matters:
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Shop councils :
The main features of the shop council scheme are:
(i) In every industrial unit employing 500 or more workers, the employer shall
constitute a shop council for each department or shop or one council for more than one
department or shop, on the basis of the number of workers employed in different
departments or shops.
(ii)
(a) Each council shall consist of an equal number of representatives of
employers and workers.
(b) The employers representatives shall be nominated by the management and must
consist of persons from the unit concerned.
(c) All the representatives of workers shall be from amongst the workers actually
engaged in the department of the shop concerned.
(iii) The employer shall, in consultation with the recognized union or the various
registered trade unions or with workers, as the case may be determine in the manner
best suited to local conditions, the number of shop councils and departments, to be
attached to each council of the undertaking or establishment.
(iv) The number of members of each council may be determined by the employer in
consultation with the recognized union, registered unions or workers in the manner best
suited to the conditions obtaining in the unit. The total number of members may not
exceed 12.
(v) All the decisions of the shop council shall be on the basis of consensus and not by
voting, provided that either party may refer the unsettled matter to the joint council for
consideration.
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(vi) Every decision of the shop council shall be implemented by the parties concerned
with in a period of one month unless otherwise stated in the decision itself, and a
compliance report shall be submitted to the council.
(vii) Such decisions of the shop council having a bearing on another shop or department
or the undertaking as a whole shall be referred to the joint council for consideration and
decision.
(viii)
A shop council, once formed, shall function for a period of three years.
Any member nominated or elected to the council in the mid term to fill a casual
vacancy shall continue to be a member of the council for the unexpired portion of the
term of the council.
(ix) The council shall meet as frequently as is necessary but at least once a month.
(x) The chairman of the shop council shall be a nominee of the management the
worker members of the council shall elect a vice chairman from amongst themselves.
Functions of shop councils :
To achieve increased production, productivity and over all efficiency of the
shop department, the shop council should attend to the following matters:
(i) To assist management in achieving monthly yearly production targets.
(ii) To improve production, productivity and efficiency, including elimination of
wastage and optimum utilization of machine capacity and manpower.
(iii) To specially identify areas of low productivity and take the necessary corrective
steps at shop level to eliminate relevant contributory factors,
(iv)To study absenteeism in the shop/department and recommend steps to reduce it.
(v) To suggest safety measures.
(vi) To assist in maintaining general discipline in the shop /department.
(vii) Suggest improvements in physical conditions of working lighting, ventilation,
noise, dust etc., and reduction of fatigue.
(viii)
shop/
department.
(ix) To ensure proper flow of adequate two way communication between the
management and the workers, particularly on matters relating to production
schedules and progress I n achieving the targets that have been set.
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(xiv)
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(vi) The worker Director will be elected by all the workers of the company through
secret ballot. Each voter will have cumulative voting rights.
(vii) The presence of the worker director on the Board would not lead to any breach in
the confidentiality of the information required by him.
(viii)
The pre-requisite of this scheme of participation shall be training in the
business of the company. It will be the responsibility of the Government to organize this
training programme an awareness of industrial relations and of business techniques
will certainly make the workers more aware of the actual problems faced by the
companies in modern society. The training of the employees must, therefore, be
immediately taken in hand.
(ix) The reforms commission did not favour a two tier representation, i.e., a
supervisory board and the smaller Management Board.
Functions under the scheme
The employees representative /worker Director participates in all the functions of
the board. Besides this, they also review the working of shop and plant councils and
takes decisions on matters not settled by the council.
Workers participation in share capital
The Sachar committee had, in its report to the Government observed: Quite a
majority in favour of the suggestion that, in all their future issues of shares, the
companies should reserve a portion of their new shares, say about 10% to 15%,
exclusively for the workers, called the workers shares. These shares, in the first
instance, must be offered to the employees of the company, failing that they should be
offered to the existing shareholders or the public. For that purpose, section 81 of the Act
should be suitably amended. Section 77 of the Act should also be amended, permitting
companies to give to the employees a loan up to 12 months salary or wages, not
exceeding Rs. 12,000 for the purpose of the shares of the company. This scheme,
however, has not found favour with the industries in India.
Other participative forums
Safety Committee:
Chapter IV of the factories act, 1948 deals with safety section 20 to 40-B of the
said act deals with various provisions and safety precautions to be taken by both the
employer and employees. While working in the factory in which 1000 or more workers
are employed, the employer is required to appoint a safety officer. The duties,
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Qualifications and conditions of service of such safety officer shall be prescribed by the
concerned Government of the state where the factory is situated.
For the purpose of reviewing the safety performances and ensuring
implementation of all safety measures in the factory, the employer should constitute
safety committee with the representatives of Management and employees.
Functions :
- To review the safety performance in the factory and formulate safety polices.
- To examine the reports of the investigation committee in respect of accidents which
occur and suggest measures for reduction of rate of accidents.
- Approval of safety training schemes and outlays.
- Formulation of safety standards.
- Assist the safety department in the elimination of industrial hazards.
- Encourage employees to involve in the safety movement by rendering practical
suggestion and practicing safety provisions.
- Organising and conducting social and cultural activities like dramas, dances on
safety.
- The improvement of the roads and street lighting in the colony.
- Inculcating and developing among the residents a sense of belonging and self
imposed discipline.
- Discourage rearing of cattle viz. Buffaloes, cows, goats and sheep etc.
- Eliminating the menace of stray dogs and pigs in the colony.
- Ensuring an overall improvement of the colony for a happy, healthy and safe living in
the colony under good hygienic condition.
- Inculcate safety consciousness among the employees and encourage the
experienced to guide the new entrants in developing positive attitude for
safety.
- To examine the requirements of the various departments for safety and
welfare equipment.
Colony improvement Committee:
Colony improvement committee consists of representatives of management and
the recognized union /association including officers association and SC /ST employees
welfare association and other as may agreed upon mutually.
Objectives & Functions
29
To discuss and suggest ways and means for the improvement of the hygienic,
health and sanitary condition in the colony.
Canteen Committee:
Under section 46 of the Factories Act 1948 the state Government may take rules
requiring that in any specified factory where in more than 250 workmen are ordinary
employed, a canteen or canteen shall be provided maintained by the occupier for the use
of the workmen.
Under Rule 70 of the A.P. Factories Rules, the Manager of every factory shall
appoint a Canteen Committee which shall be constituted and consulted from time to
time for the following:
- The quality and quantity of food stuffs to be served in the canteen.
- The arrangement of the menus.
- Times of meals in the Canteen.
- Any other matter as may be directed by the Committee.
30
the employees working lives. The scheme framed under the Act is administered by the
Central Board of Trustees constituted by the central Government.
Joint consultative machinery in Government:
The second pay commission constituted in 1959 recommended the setting up of
such machinery mainly on the model of whitely council in the U.K. The Commission
defined the objectives of the machinery as promoting harmonious relation and for
securing the best measure of Co operation between the Government in its capacity as
employees and the general body of its employees in matters common concern and with
the object of further increasing the efficiency of public services.
Other Committees:
The employer may also constitute the following committees (as per requirement)
in consultation with recognized trade union /association. The structure of the committee,
its functions and other matters may be decided in consultation with recognized unions.
Recreation club:
For the purpose of organizing the recreational activities in the colony.
Sports Committee:
For promoting sports activities among employees and for organising games
/sports and tournaments.
Educational Committee
For supervising the efficient and effective functioning of the various education
institutions run bv the organization for the benefit of the children of the employees.
economic and political considerations. Let us discuss briefly the models of workers
participation in management in Japan, the J.K. Germany and Yugoslavia as follows:
1. JAPAN:
It has a decentralized collective bargaining system. Unions are organized at the
enterprise levels, including first line supervisions. Joint consultative committees have
31
emerged at the enterprise, plant and workshop levels. Few companies have workers
representatives at the Board level.
2. The United States of America:
In the U.S.A. quality circles is getting popular as a system of workers
participation in management. Quality circles is a team of 5 to 20 employees doing
similar work that meets regularly to analyse and solve work related problems. Leading
45 firms like General Electric, General Motors, Heavy well, TRN and Northrop have
introduced the system of workers participation in management through quality circles.
3. The United Kingdom:
The British Government has taken a very favourable view of most of the
recommendations of the report of the committee of inquiry on Industrial Democracy
(Chairman: Lord Bullock), London 1977. The main recommendation of the Committee
is to have a two tier board structure with separate policy and management boards to
effect workers participation at Board level.
Besides, participation through consultation is mainly confined to routine safety,
healthy and welfare measures. However, their have been little legal provision and
political pressure for workers participations in management. The management rarely
consults workers representatives on personnel and economic matters.
4. The Federal Republic of Germany :
In West Germany, the most prevalent practice of workers participation in
management is in form of representatives of workers sitting on the Board of the
companies. Obligatory by state legislation, a workers council is a representative body of
employees and the board of employees and the Board which makes policy decisions for
the plant companies (constituted with an equal number shareholders and employees
representatives).
It is also envisages two boards the supervisory and the executive. The
supervisory board consists of the representative of the shareholders and that of the
employees, usually, the board consists of 11, 15 or 21 members. The supervisory board,
which appoints the executive board, takes major policy dimensions and sanctions
annual accounts. The executive board normally consists of a technical director, a
commercial director and a labour director. The labour director is nominee of the
workers.
32
5. Yugoslavia :
In Yugoslavia, the power in industrial enterprise vests in the workers council.
The workers council consists of 15 to 20 members elected on a two yearly basis. Apart
from these works councils, three quarters of the management board numbers are made
up of workers directly engaged in the production.
Thus, workers in Yugoslavia have a share in the income of the enterprise, and
they are also a part of total system.
Methodology of the study:
For this study, the relevant data have been collected both from the primary and
secondary sources. While secondary data is drawn from the relevant reports and books
of the Hindustan Shipyard Limited, the collection of primary data is based on the
questionnaire administered among the employees of visakha steel plant. A sample
survey of 50 respondents is taken for this purpose. The basis of the sample is purposive
and care is taken to cover different sections of people in Hindustan Shipyard to extract
their opinions about the way in which the scheme of participative management is being
implemented.
33
34
35
36
The International Iron and Steel Institute (IISI) ranked India as the
seventh largest steel producer in the world with an overall production of about 40
million tons in 2006.During 2006, the global steel production stood at 1240 million
tons, showing a robust growth of 8.8% over 2005.Steel use during the year grew by
8.5% to reach 111.3 million tons.
As per IISI forecast, there will be a growth of 5.9% in the global steel use
in 2007 taking the total to 1,179 million tons followed by 6.1% in 2008 to reach 1250
million tons. The global steel demand projections indicate that India will be one of the
engines of the world steel industry in the future. The National Steel Policy, published by
the Ministry of steel in 2005, envisages production of 110 million tons in India by 2020.
Production:
Steel industry was de-licensed and decontrolled in 1991 and 1992 respectively.
India is the 8th largest producer of steel in the world.
In 2012-13, finished steel production was 36.193 million tones.
Pig iron production in 2012-13 was 5.221 million tones.
Sponge iron production was 80.85 million tones during 2012-13.
The annual growth rate of crude steel production in 2011-12 was 8% and in
2012-13 was 6%. Last 4 years production performance is as under:
37
materials in use today and pervades all walks of life. All the key discoveries the
human genius for instance, steam engine, railway, means of communication and
connection, automobile, aero place and computers are in one way or other, fastened
together with steel and with its sagacious and multifarious application.
Steel is versatile material with multitude of useful properties making it
indispensable for furthering and achieving the continual growth of the economy Be it
construction, manufacturing, infrastructure or consumables. The level of steel
consumption has been regarded as an index industrialization and economic maturity
attained by a country. Keeping in view the importance of steel, the following integrated
steel plants with foreign collaborations were set up in the public sector in the post
independence era:
Table no 2.1: Collaboration of Steel Plant
S. NO.
1.
STEEL PLANT
COLLABORATED BY
38
BRITAIN
2.
ERSTWHILE USSR
3.
ERSTWHILE USSR
4.
GERMANY
1961.66
1966.69
- Recession Period
The entire expansion program was actively executed during this
period.
1969-74
39
1991-96
40
To meet the growing domestic needs of steel government of India decided to set up an
integrated steel plant at Visakhapatnam. An agreement was signed with ERSTWHILE
USSR in 1979 for cooperation in setting up 3.4 mt integrated steel plant at
Visakhapatnam. The foundation stone for the plant was laid by the Prime Minister Smt.
Indira Gandhi on 20th January 1971.unlike other integrated steel plants in India;
Visakhapatnam Steel Plant is one of the most modern steel plants in the country. The
plant was dedicated to the nation on 1 st august 1992 by then Prime Minister, Shri PV
Narasimha Rao.
Vsp technology: State-of-the-Art
7 meter tall Coke Oven Batteries with coke dry quenching.
Biggest Blast Furnaces in the country.
Bell-less top charging system in Blast furnace
100% slag granulation at the BF Cast House.
Suppressed combustion- LD gas recovery system
100% continuous casting of liquid steel.
Tempcore and Stelmor cooling process in LMMM& WRM
respectively.
Extensive waste heat recovery systems.
Comprehensive pollution control measures.
Table no2.2: MAJOR SOURCES OF RAW MATERIALS
RAW MATERIAL
Iron Ore Lumps & Fines
BF Lime Stone
SMS Lime Stone
BF Dolomite
SMS Dolomite
Manganese Ore
Boiler Coal
Coking Coal
Medium Coking Coal (MCC)
SOURCE
Bailadilla, MP
Jaggayapeta, AP
UAE
Madharam, AP
Madharam, AP
Chipurapalli, AP
Talcher, Orissa
Australia
Gidi/Swang/Rajarappa/Kargali
41
Water supply
Operational water requirement of 36 mgd is being met from the Yeleru Water Supply
scheme.
Power supply
Operational power requirement of 180 to 200 MW is being met through Captive Power
Plant. The capacity of the power plant is 286.5 MW. VSP is now exporting around 60
MW of power to APSEB.
Table no 2.3: MAJOR UNITS
Department
Coke Ovens
Annual Capacity(000 T)
2,261
Sinter Plant
5,256
7 Mtrs. Heights.
2 Sinter machines of 312
Blast Furnace
3,400
3,000
LMMM
WRM
MMSM
710
850
850
BY-PRODUCTS
Nut Coke
Coke Dust
Coal Tar
Anthracene Oil
HP Napthalene
Benzene
Toulene
Zylene
Wash Oil
VISION, MISSION&OBJECTIVES:
VISION
To be a continuously growing world-class company by
42
Granulated Slag
Lime Fines
Ammonium Sulphate
MISSION
To attain 16 million ton liquid steel capacity through technological up-gradation,
operational efficiency and expansion; augmentation of assured supply of raw materials
to produce steel at international standards of cost and quality; and to meet the
aspirations of the stake holders.
OBJECTIVES
Expand plant capacity to 6.3 million ton. By 2011-12 with the mission to expand
further in subsequent phases corporate plan.
Revamp exiting blast furnaces to make them energy efficient to contemporary
levels and in the process increase their capacity by 1.0Mt, thus hot metal capacity
to 7.5Mt.
Be amongst top five lowest cost steel producers in the world
Achieve higher levels of customer satisfaction.
Vibrant work culture in the organization.
Be proactive in conserving environment, maintaining high levels of safety and
addressing social concerns.
CORE VALUES
Commitment
Customer
Continuous Improvement
Concern for Environment
Creativity & Innovation
VSP POLICIES
VSP takes all necessary actions for the fulfillment of regulatory requirements. It has
dedicated departments for this purpose. Energy conservation, environmental
preservation, safety in work place and occupational health gets highest priority in the
company. Some of the policies in this regard are reproduced below.
Quality, Environment and Occupational Health & Safety Policy
VSP are committed to meet the needs and expectations of our customers and other
interested parties, the occupational health and safety of our work force and to preserve
the environment. To accomplish this, we will
Supply quality goods and services to customers delight.
43
44
We shall ensure that the general medical tests conducted before the issue of
appointment letter will not cover HIV/AIDS without the informed consent and
pre-test counseling of the candidate.
45
in-house
efforts/outsourcing
and
collaborative
efforts
with
other
46
VSP greatly values its relationship with Customers and would make efforts at
strengthening these relations for mutual benefit.
HR MANAGEMENT
Human resource initiatives at VSP are closely linked to the corporate strategy of
the organization. VSP has harmonious industrial relations where the entire work force
works as a well-knit team for the progress of the company. The productive environment
prevailing in the company fosters an atmosphere of growth both for the employees
and for the company. VSP has introduced multi-skilling concept since inception and the
employees are trained to imbibe this. VSP has adopted a system of overlapping shifts
the first of its kind in the industry. This system ensures smooth change over of the shifts
and uninterrupted pace of operation of the plant during the shift change over. The labour
productivity is 358 tonnes/man/year for (2012-13).
MANAGEMENT OF INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS
Presently, 20 registered Trade Unions are functioning at VSP. There are 17
unions operating for espousing the cause of contract labour .In addition, two unions
each are also separately registered at our captive mines located at Jaggayyapeta and
Madharam. By and large, a smooth and cordial IR climate prevails at VSP.
The Man days Lost were brought to NIL since 2003 which indicates the
peaceful and harmonious industrial relations scenario in Visakhapatnam Steel Plant. The
code of discipline adopted in the state of Andhra Pradesh has envisaged determination
of Majority union by way of secret ballot elections at an interval of every 2 years. So far
9 elections have been held at VSP since November, 1985. In the 9 th elections held in the
year 2008, Visakha Steel workers Union (Steel Progressive Front consisting of 9
registered Unions) has emerged as the majority union and was coferrthe status of
recognition for a period of 2 years. Despite intense electioneering, labour productivity
was still kept at a high peak.
Till date around 75 nos. of Memorandum of Settlements (MOS) were arrived at
by duly following proper collective bargaining process. These notable features are
getting union(s) commitment for realization of mission & objectives, increase of
Production & Productivity, improving discipline etc. Unique informal and formal
Grievance Redressal Systems have been successfully implemented in the organization
providing for an active employee participation/involvement. A separate section Central
Employees Relations coordinates with respect to all IR related issues including
holding discussions, coordinating with meetings and negotiations etc.,
47
Employees Index
Organization Development
Corporate Presentations
Lectures by eminent personalities
Human resource Information system
Knowledge management
Initiatives on Six Sigma
Emancipation of women through WIPS, Women Development Programs(Spring
Board)
Pursuit of Business Excellence Model(BEM)
Dil Ki baat
Chairman tho maata
Employees are sent to other steel plants on short duration tours to find solutions to the
various issues facing the company. Employees are also sent to suppliers manufacturing
units/training institutes to get specific training in identified areas.
TABLE NO 2.5: MAN POWER AT A GLANCE AS ON 31-03-2013
WORKS
PROJECTS
MINES
OTHERS
TOTAL
EXECUTIVES 3262
344
109
1492
5207
NON
51
257
956
12622
11358
EXECUTIVES
Total Employees
17829
Production scenarios: Steel industry was de-licensed and decontrolled in 1991&1992 respectively.
India is the 8th largest producer of steel in the world.
In 2012-13 finished steel production was 36.193Mt.
48
Award
Gold
Purpose
Award
for
Year
leadership
award
continuously
Resource
Global
human
and
organization, London.
and
empower
49
won
this
Quiz2009
is a National Record.
Bagged third prize in Public In the Event Management2009
Relations National Awards-2009
Bagged the First Steel Ministers For being the best integrated2009
Trophy for the year 2006-07
excellence
in
energy2009
TATA-Crucible
Corporate Quiz
50
at
the
2009
International
2009
year
2007-08
in
September.
ISPAT
RAJYA
TROPHY.
RINL ranked No.2 globally for the Global survey by Steel guru2009
popularity of website among the for the most popular website
global steel makers.
given
by
The2009
51
For
2007-08
for
paying2009
Employee
welfare2009
QCFI-NMDC Trophy.
Organization
given by QCFI
CII Award for 5-S to WRM Dept. For Workplace Management. 2008
of VSP in November.
at
workplace
management.
EXCELLENT
International
awards
Convention
at
on
52
2008
Enterprise
Excellence
Award Excellence
in
overall2008
his
significant2010
the
cause
of
Science& Technology.
organization
VSP is one of the most modern steel plants in India incorporating State-of-the-Art
technology. Following are some of the modern technologies adopted:
7 meter tall Coke Oven Batteries with coke dry quenching.
Biggest Blast Furnaces in the country
53
Today, VSP is moving forward with an aura confidence and with pride amongst its
employees who are determined to give their best for the company to enable it to reach
new heights in organizational excellence.
At the same time, no single advantage accruing from a knowledge society is found
wanting by the neighborhood community with the growth &development of a
phenomenon called VIZAG STEEL existing so close to its proximity. Futuristic
enterprises, academic activity, planned & progressive residential localities are but few of
the plentiful ripple effects of this transformation and each one of us take immense pride
to uphold the philosophy of mutual(i.e,,individual and societal)progress.
54
YEAR
HOT METAL
2000-01
2001-02
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
3,165
3,485
3,941
4,055
3,920
4,153
4,046
3,913
3,546
3,900
3,830
3,920
3,860
LIQUID
SALEABLE
LABOUR
STEEL
STEEL
PRODUCTIVITY(ton
2,909
3,083
3,356
3,508
3,560
3,603
3,606
3,322
3,145
3,399
3,424
3,520
3,480
2,507
2,757
3,056
3,169
3,173
3,237
3,290
3,074
2,701
3,167
3,077
3,084
3,022
nes/man/year)
211
228
253
262
398
414
413
389
359
382
358
362
359
INTRODUCTION:
Visakha steel plant believes that active association of all employees in various
aspects of productive operations in true participative spirit is essential for the creation of
involvement and commitment which alone can motivate them to contribute their best for
sustained growth and prosperity of the organization .in pursuance of the government
policy and with corporate objective of to evolve a participative style of management
which will ensure increasing production and productive, good working conditions and
job satisfaction to all employees, payment and reward system commensurate with their
55
performance, career development and good will amongst all employees and respect for
the individuals and his human potential, the management has arrived at sound
agreements with union to contribute a healthy participative system for the benefit of the
employees and organization. Accordingly a two-tier structure has been instituted to
translate the above objectives in to the real practice.
They are:
(a) shop council at shop floor level ; and
(b) joint council at corporate level
The scheme aims at ensuring an effective two way communication and exchange
of information between management and the employees in order to enable the latter to
have better apperception of the problems and difficulties of the undertaking in its
functioning.
SHOP COUNCILS
The scheme provides for one shop council for each division/growth as
mentioned under, having regard to the type of objectives and number of employees
employed.
Unit covered
Councils
Steel complex
number of shop
one
composition
56
one
-do-
DR & SR
-do-
57
58
JOINT COUNCILS
Composition
The composition of joint council will be as follows:
a)
One steward to be co-opted by the union from among the shop council
Stewards.
b)
Three union representatives including the General Secretary of the visakha steel plant
staff and workers union.
c)
One resource worker to be co-opted by the union from among three resource
workmen of the shop council.
d)
Tenure
The council shall function for a tenure of one year with effect from the date of its
constitution. The normal tenure of a member shall be for a period of one year. If
however, a member is nominated in the mid-term of the council to fill a vacancy caused
by resignation, removal death etc., of a member, the members nominated in such
vacancy shall continue in office for the remaining period of the term of joint council.
Who will preside
The joint council will be presided over by the G.M. (technical). For the purpose
of commencing and coordinating the meetings, the manager (ODR cell) shall act as the
convener. The General Secretary of the union will be Vice-Chairmen of the joint
council.
Meetings
The joint council will meet once in three months.
In VSP the first joint council meeting was held on 22-03-1983 and it was
presided over by the chairmen and Managing Director. Manager (industrial relations)
was the convenor . Since, then joint council meetings are being conducted for every
quarter.
While going the minutes and other records of the joint council meetings, it was
observed that various points are discussed in the following sequence:
1.
2.
59
3.
4.
Absenteeism.
5.
Safety.
6.
7.
Functions
The joint council shall deal with the following matters:
a) Optimum production, efficiency and fixation of productivity norms of man and
machine for the unit as a whole.
b) Function of the shop council which has bearing on another shop or the unit as a
whole.
c) Matters emanating from shop council which remain unsolved.
d) Matters concerning the units of the plant as a whole in respect of matters relating to
work planning and achieving production targets, tasks assigned to shop council, at the
unit levels but relevant to plant as whole will be taken up by the joint council.
e) The development of skills of workmen and adequate facilities for training.
f) Optimum rewards for valuable and creative suggestions received from workers.
g) Optimum use of raw materials and quality of finished products.
h) Framing of rules and lines from time to time for workers of the shop councils and
joint council and for establishing communications and reporting system.
General :
a) Decisions in joint council meetings will be taken on the basis of consensus and not
by voting.
b) Unsettled matters of any shop council may be referred to the joint council
consideration.
c) Decision of joint council, as far as possible, will be implemented with in one month
from the date of such decision and the council be reported at its next meeting.
Review
The structure and functions of the council may be reviewed from time to time for
effecting improvements as required.
60
61
b) Outfit complex
c) Dry dock complex
d) Staff departments
The following three tier-system of handling grievances is introduced.
FIRST LEVEL :
In each shop / department a senior engineer or an officer of equal status will be
designated as Departmental Grievances Officer who will entertain grievances either
oral or in writing at the first instance. He will examine / investigates into the grievance
and counsel the aggrieved employee and resolve the grievance at his level as far as
possible within 3 days from the date of receipt of the grievance. The welfare officer
attached to the zone will render supporting services to DGO in solving the grievance at
the shop level during his visit to the department in his zone.
The grievances which could not be solved at the level of OGO will be referred to
zonal level grievance committee for examination and redressal of the grievances within
15 days from the date of receipt of the same from the DGO.
SECOND LEVEL :
ZONAL LEVEL GRIEVANCE COMMITTEE (ZLGC)
This committee will consist of
Chief manager or his nominee (he will preside over the committee meetings)
Representative from staff association.
Representative from labour union.
Welfare officer (W.O). (the W.O will act as convener for the committee in his
zone).
The welfare officer will collect the unsettled grievances from the DGO and will
analyses and collect necessary data / records and prepare a brief summary of the cases
and present the same before the zonal level grievance committee. Unanimous decisions
taken by the Z L G C falling within the frame work of the companys policies and rules
will be implemented by the concerned department after taking approval of the
competent authority wherever necessary. Such decisions will be communicated by W.O
to be aggrieved employee and also to the concerned department for implementation.
The Z L G C will meet once in a fortnight in the first week and third week of
every month or earlier, if so needed.
62
THIRD LEVEL :
CORPORATE LEVEL GRIEVANCE COMMITTEE (CLGC)
This committee will consist of
General manager
General manager (finance)
One representative each from officers association / staff association / labour
union.
Chief manager (personnel)
Deputy manager personnel (gc) who will be the Convenor of the CLGC.
The following cases are to be referred to CLGC
a) Cases on which there is no unanimous opinion among the members of ZLGC in
respect of any grievance.
b) Any particular grievance which requires to be decided at the higher level in the
opinion of ZLGC.
c) Cases where the aggrieved employees are not satisfied with the decision of the
ZLGC and request the ZLGC to refer the cases to CLGC.
The CLGC is an apex body in resolving the grievance. It does not function as
appellate body over the decisions of ZLGC.
DY.Manager personnel (GC) will study the unsolved grievances received from
ZLGC and place them before CLGC will all relevant particulars and records.
Unanimous decisions taken by the CLGC falling within the frame work of the
companys policies and rules will be implemented by the concerned department after
taking approval of the competent authority wherever necessary. Such decisions will be
communicated by DY.Manager personnel to the aggrieved employee in writing and also
to the concerned departments for implementation.
CLGC will meet once a month during the last week of every month or earlier, if so
needed. If, in any case there is no unanimous decision the Chairman & Managing
Director with full details for decision.
REPORTING SYSTEM
1. A monthly report regarding disposal of grievance by ZLGC / CLGC in a prescribed
proformal will be rendered by DMP (GC) to CM (P) by 7th of the following month. The
63
DMP (GC) will be the coordinating officer to whom W.O.S will report on the
grievances handled in the shop floor.
2. The monthly reports should contain the following details :
The DMP (GC) will analyze the grievance broadly as to its nature and other
factors which in his opinion are causative for frustration and dissatisfaction among the
employees and suggest remedial measures.
A general review of the IR in the yard will be made by DMP (GC) for the month
under report on the basis of the feed back from W.O.S and on his own.
3. The following types of grievances will not come within the preview of the grievance
committee.
Collective bargaining matters generally falling within the preview of the union
management relationship.
Representation over disciplinary cases and appeals against punishments.
Matters of industrial disputes pending before the conciliation officer/tribunals or
other authorities.
4. The following are the guiding principles in the operation of the grievance procedure.
There will be no appeal over the unanimous decisions of the CLGC.
The ZLGC and CLGC will function within the frame work of companys
policies, rules and procedures.
The CLGC may also suggest improvements over the existing procedures and also
indicate new policy guidelines wherever needed for consideration of the management.
Where the grievance committees feel that the case should be explained to the
aggrieved employee by the committee, they may do so before a formal reply is
communicated.
If the aggrieved employee is not satisfied by the decision of ZLGC, he can
request the convener of ZLGC for forwarding his grievance to CLGC for re-examining
and the decision taken by CLGC will be final.
The GC members will have access to full information concerning the grievances
wherever necessary and the same will be made available through the convener
grievance committee concerned.
No employee should leave the work spot in pursuance of his grievance unless he
is called for by DGO / GCs.
64
Grievances once referred to the committee and disposed off will not be taken up
again.
Old grievance petitions disposed off will not be taken up again.
Convener
Dy.manager (Safety)
Member
D.G.M. (Steel)
D.G.M. (O & E)
Chief welfare officer
Chief welfare officer
Manager (OHS)
Dy.manager (Fire services)
Six representatives from H.S.Staff and workers union (recognized
union)
Dy.manager (safety) shall act as the convenor and co-ordinate all
meetings of the safety committee.
While going through the minutes of the safety committee meetings, it was
observed that various points are discussed in the following sequence.
1. Conformation of the minutes of previous safety committee.
2. Issue of boiler suites for the year.
3. Issue of safety helmets.
4. Issue of safety suits.
5. Availability of safety items in central stores.
6. Safety at work spot.
7. Stretchers.
8. Disposal of steel scrap.
9. Unsafe and unhygienic conditions in the canteen.
65
(i) Discouraging rearing of cattle viz.,Buffaloes, cows, goats and sheep etc.,
(ii) Eliminating the menace of stray dogs and pigs in the colony ;
g) Improving the standards and facilities in the educational institutions in the colony;
h) Conducting games and sports by way of organising tournaments and
competitions at district, state and national levels;
Constitution of the committee
The committee shall consists of the following :
Chairmen
66
Recognized union)
Members
The S.O. housing estate shall act as the convenor and co-ordinate all meetings of
the colony improvement committee.
While going through the minutes of colony improvement committee meetings it
was observed that various points discussed in the following manner:
1. Street lighting in the colony.
2. Electrical voltage fluctuation.
3. Maintenance of quarters and roads.
4. Generator in the colony dispensary.
5. Maintenance of community hall.
6. Safety dog menace in colony
7. Stray cattle menace in colony.
8. Rank vegetation / removal of plants.
9. Plantation of trees in new colony / college ground.
10. Mosquito menace in colony.
11. Maintenance of commercial complex.
12. Cleaning of water tanks.
13. Water harvesting in colony.
67
Chief manager
2. Secretary
Manager
3. Treasurer
Management representative
4. Members
P.F.Trust Board
The
E.P>F.Act,1952.
constitution
of
P.F.Trust
68
Board
is
statutory
under
the
Managing trustee
Management trustees
Employee trustees
D (F & C)
G.M.
b) For purchasing a dwelling site for the purpose of construction of dwelling house or
ready built dwelling house / flat from any individual.
c)
For the construction of a dwelling house on a site owned by the members or the
69
NO.OF
RESPONDENTS
PERCENTAGE
YES
39
78
NO
11
22
NEUTRA
L
NIL
NIL
TOTAL
50
100
70
YES
NO
NEUTRAL
NO.OF
RESPONDENTS
PERCENTAGE
YES
35
70
NO
10
20
NEUTRA
L
10
TOTAL
50
100
71
YES
NO
NEUTRAL
In visakha steel plant 78% of the respondents are aware of workers participation
in management scheme. In that 70% of the respondents are agree with option a, 20% of
the respondents are agreeing with option b and 10% respondents are neutral.
3.If no, did you try to know about workers participation in management.
NO.OF
RESPONDENTS
PERCENTAGE
YES
81.81
NO
18.18
NEUTRA
L
NIL
NIL
TOTAL
11
100
72
YES
NO
NEUTRAL
In visakha steel plant 22% of the respondents are not aware of workers
participation in management scheme. In that 81.81% of the respondents are willing to
know about workers participation in management, where as 18.18% of the respondents
are not willing to know about workers participation in management.
73
NO.OF
RESPONDENTS
PERCENTAGE
YES
20
40
NO
12
24
NEUTRA
L
18
36
TOTAL
50
100
YES
NO
NEUTRAL
In visakha steel plant schemes like canteen committee, shop floor committee,
Joint council committee, etc., are working. In the sample of 50 respondents 40%
respondents are participated in these committees, 24% respondents are not
participated in above committees and 36% of respondents are neutral.
5. If yes, whether at any time your suggestions were considered for implementation.
74
NO.OF
RESPONDENTS
PERCENTAGE
YES
15
75
NO
25
NEUTRA
L
NIL
NIL
TOTAL
20
100
YES
NO
NEUTRAL
75%
said
that
their
suggestions
were
consider
for
75
NO.OF
RESPONDENTS
PERCENTAGE
YES
22
44
NO
16
32
NEUTRA
L
12
24
TOTAL
50
100
YES
NO
NEUTRAL
In the sample of 50, 44% respondents are satisfied with the present composition of
participative committees, 32% are not satisfied with the present composition
of participative committees and 24% of respondents are neutral.
76
NO.OF
RESPONDENTS
PERCENTAGE
YES
32
64
NO
16
32
NEUTRA
L
TOTAL
50
100
YES
NO
NEUTRAL
In the sample of 50, 64% respondents are accepting that these committees are
functioning regularly, 32% respondents said that these committees are not
functioning regularly at 4% respondents are neutral.
77
NO.OF
RESPONDENTS
PERCENTAGE
YES
42
84
NO
NIL
NIL
NEUTRA
L
16
TOTAL
50
100
YES
NO
NEUTRAL
78
In the sample of 50, 84% respondents are accepting that workers participation in
management help to maintain harmonious relations between workers and
management. Whereas no one is said that workers participation in management will
not effect the relation between workers and management and 16% respondents are
neutral.
NO.OF
RESPONDENTS
PERCENTAGE
YES
48
96
NO
NEUTRA
L
NIL
NIL
TOTAL
50
100
YES
NO
NEUTRAL
79
In the sample of 50, 96% respondents are accepting that by implementing workers
participation in management help to increase production and productivity. Whereas
4% respondents said that workers participation in management will not effect the
production and productivity.
NO.OF
RESPONDENTS
PERCENTAGE
YES
40
80
NO
16
NEUTRA
L
TOTAL
50
100
YES
NO
NEUTRAL
In the sample of 50, 80% respondents are accepting that workers participation in
management help in improving industrial relations. Whereas 16% respondents said
80
that workers participation in management will not effect the industrial relations and
4% respondents are neutral.
11.
Level.
NO.OF
RESPONDENTS
PERCENTAGE
YES
10
20
NO
NEUTRA
L
38
76
TOTAL
50
100
POSITIVE
NEGATIVE
NEUTRAL
In the sample of 50, 20% respondents are accepting that workers participation at
board level / corporate level has positive impact. Whereas 4% respondents said that
workers participation at board level / corporate level have negative impact and 76%
of respondents are not aware of workers participation at board level / corporate level.
81
12. Will you suggest any improvement measures for effective functioning of Workers
Participation in Management.
In the sample of 50, many respondents are neutral for this question. And some
respondents suggestions are:
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
82
prerogatives of managing their people, the labour or trade union should not look at
the scheme as a means of enhancement of their power. It may be stressed that this is a
new way of managing the enterprise through information sharing, consultation, joint
decision making and collective endeavour for implementation of decisions. All
concerned should bear in mind it is a managerial exercise.
Unity of Objectives and Directions:
An important principle of management relates to unit of objectives and
direction, i.e., the managerial objectives and directions should be the same for all. It
means that there must be a minimum understanding and commitment with regard to
organizational objectives. The success of participative management also depends up
on unity of objectives and directions not only from the point of view of managers but
also from that of workers particularly those elected or nominated for various councils
formed under the scheme.
83
84
CONCLUSIONS
The movement of workers participation in management, if it is to attain any
measure of success must come from with in, not under pressure from an outside
agency or Government. Introducing the system in a concern for the sake of it will not
do much good, where conditions are not ripe for successful experiment unless both
the management and unions believe in the necessity and utility of such machinery, the
movement will not make much headway.
In general, workers and unions are appeared in favour of the scheme only
along with the employer. They are elevated to the status of decisions makers. In fact,
some of the union leaders were of the view that any scheme short of this had the
result of workers being made part and parcel of the achievement of the sole objective
of the employers i.e., profits.
It appear that the management do not want disturb the existing employer
employee relationship except that joint consultant may be encouraged to increase
production and productivity and that even if some administrative responsibility is
shared with workers, the ultimate decision should rest with management.
Prof. Zivan Tanix, an expert on the subject concludes in these words It
appears that the experiments of workers participation in India is not only at the
lowest level of evolution but also that workers, unions, employer and state do not
have any real interest in its success. The necessary economical, social, political and
85
86
Last but not least in the context of new economic policies, Liberalisation of Industrial
Licensing system, the Government of India will have to consider and evolve suitable
motivational schemes such that they create interest to the Management and Trade
Unions to evince voluntary interest in the various schemes of Employee participation
in Management.
QUESTIONNAIRE
1.
Personnel Details
a. Name
b. Age
c. Department
d. Designation
e. Educational Qualification :
PG: ____
Degree: _____
making.
87
6. If yes, whether at any time your suggestions were considered for implementation.
Y/N
7.
8.
9.
88
BIBLOGRAPHY
89