OLGA 2015.1.1 Release Notes

DYNAMIC MULTIPHASE FLOW SIMULATOR
OLGA 2015
Version 2015.1.1
Release notes
Page i
INTRODUCTION
These notes accompany the release of OLGA* 2015.1.1 from Schlumberger. The notes describe changes in
OLGA 2015.1.1 relative to OLGA 2014.1. This document should be read by all users of the program. The
complete program documentation consists of the OLGA User manuals, Installation Guide and these Release
Notes. In addition, module specific User Guides are available.
The Schlumberger Support portal provides useful information about the product and a Knowledge Base. It is
accessible from www.software.slb.com.
Please contact Schlumberger if problems or missing functionality are encountered when using OLGA or any of
the related tools included in the OLGA software package.
E-mail: olgasupport@slb.com
Telephone: +47 6389 0400
Fax: +47 6484 4500
Address: Schlumberger Information Solutions AS,
P.O. Box 113
N-2027 Kjeller, Norway
Copyright 2015 Schlumberger. All rights reserved.

This work contains the confidential and proprietary trade secrets of Schlumberger and may not be copied or stored
in an information retrieval system, transferred, used, distributed, translated or retransmitted in any form or by any
means, electronic or mechanical, in whole or in part, without the express written permission of the copyright owner.
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described herein are either trademarks, trade names or service marks of Schlumberger and its licensors, or are the
property of their respective owners. These marks may not be copied, imitated or used, in whole or in part, without
the express prior written permission of Schlumberger. In addition, covers, page headers, custom graphics, icons,
and other design elements may be service marks, trademarks, and/or trade dress of Schlumberger, and may not
be copied, imitated, or used, in whole or in part, without the express prior written permission of Schlumberger. Other
company, product, and service names are the properties of their respective owners.
An asterisk (*) is used throughout this document to designate a mark of Schlumberger.
Security Notice
The software described herein is configured to operate with at least the minimum specifications set out by
Schlumberger. You are advised that such minimum specifications are merely recommendations and not intended
to be limiting to configurations that may be used to operate the software. Similarly, you are advised that the software
should be operated in a secure environment whether such software is operated across a network, on a single
system and/or on a plurality of systems. It is up to you to configure and maintain your networks and/or system(s)
in a secure manner. If you have further questions as to recommendations regarding recommended specifications
or security, please feel free to contact your local Schlumberger representative.
December 2015
Page ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS: OLGA 2015.1.1 RELEASE NOTES

FIXED ISSUE IN OLGA 2015.1 .1 ........................................................................................................................ 1
ENHANCEMENTS IN OLGA 2015.1 .................................................................................................................... 2
OLGA High Definition (HD) ............................................................................................................................. 2
Slug tracking ................................................................................................................................................... 3
Diagram view ................................................................................................................................................. 5
Electrical submersible pumps (ESP) and Centrifugal pump ............................................................................ 9
Multiflash 6.0 as PVT package in Compositional Tracking ............................................................................. 9
OPC server and Submodelling....................................................................................................................... 10
Restructured OLGA user manual .................................................................................................................. 10
RESOLVED ISSUES AND ENHANCEMENTS IN OLGA 2015.1.............................................................................. 12
Bundle........................................................................................................................................................... 12
Compositional tracking................................................................................................................................. 12
Controllers .................................................................................................................................................... 12
Corrosion ...................................................................................................................................................... 13
Drilling .......................................................................................................................................................... 13
Flow model ................................................................................................................................................... 13
Heat transfer ................................................................................................................................................ 14
License information ...................................................................................................................................... 15
Numerics....................................................................................................................................................... 15
OLGA GUI ...................................................................................................................................................... 15
OPC server .................................................................................................................................................... 16
Output .......................................................................................................................................................... 17
Parametric studies ........................................................................................................................................ 18
Pig ................................................................................................................................................................. 18
Pipeline editor............................................................................................................................................... 18
Plotting ......................................................................................................................................................... 19
Process equipment ....................................................................................................................................... 19
Risk Management and Optimization (RMO) ................................................................................................ 20
Scheduler/Submodelling ............................................................................................................................... 20
Tools ............................................................................................................................................................. 20
Transmitter ................................................................................................................................................... 22
Valve ............................................................................................................................................................. 22
Well .............................................................................................................................................................. 22
General ......................................................................................................................................................... 23
MINOR FIXES .................................................................................................................................................. 25
FIXED ISSUES AND MINOR ENHANCEMENTS IN OLGA 2014.4......................................................................... 26
Backward compatibility ................................................................................................................................ 26
Drilling fluid .................................................................................................................................................. 26
Well .............................................................................................................................................................. 26
Restart .......................................................................................................................................................... 26
Server............................................................................................................................................................ 26
Scheduler ...................................................................................................................................................... 27
Speed ............................................................................................................................................................ 28
Tools ............................................................................................................................................................. 28
Main enhancements ..................................................................................................................................... 29
Controllers .................................................................................................................................................... 29
Compositional Tracking ................................................................................................................................ 30
Input/Output ................................................................................................................................................ 30
OPC server .................................................................................................................................................... 32
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OLGA GUI ...................................................................................................................................................... 32

Particle flow .................................................................................................................................................. 33
Pumps ........................................................................................................................................................... 33
Pig ................................................................................................................................................................. 34
Process equipment ....................................................................................................................................... 34
Scheduler/Submodel..................................................................................................................................... 34
Tools ............................................................................................................................................................. 34
Valve ............................................................................................................................................................. 35
Well editor .................................................................................................................................................... 35
General ......................................................................................................................................................... 36
ENHANCEMENTS IN OLGA 2014.2 .................................................................................................................. 37
Controller ...................................................................................................................................................... 38
Compositional Tracking ................................................................................................................................ 39
Fluid properties ............................................................................................................................................. 40
Heated walls ................................................................................................................................................. 40
Input/Output ................................................................................................................................................ 40
Near well ...................................................................................................................................................... 41
OLGA GUI ...................................................................................................................................................... 41
OPC server/Scheduler ................................................................................................................................... 41
Plotting ......................................................................................................................................................... 44
Plug-in .......................................................................................................................................................... 44
Steady state preprocessor ............................................................................................................................ 44
Tools ............................................................................................................................................................. 44
Transmitter ................................................................................................................................................... 45
Tuning ........................................................................................................................................................... 45
Valve ............................................................................................................................................................. 46
Wax deposition ............................................................................................................................................. 47
Well editor .................................................................................................................................................... 47
General ......................................................................................................................................................... 47
December 2015
OLGA 2015.1.1 Release notes
Page 1
Fixed issue in OLGA 2015.1 .1

Generation of wax tables in Multiflash 6.0
It was not possible to generate wax tables for OLGA with Multiflash 6.0 included in OLGA 2015.1. Multiflash either
terminated or reported an error message if you attempted to generate a wax table. This is resolved. (OLGA18102)
December 2015
Page 2
Enhancements in OLGA 2015.1
OLGA High Definition (HD)

Improved flow model
A major upgrade of the OLGA HD stratified flow model is included in OLGA 2015.1. The upgrade has a positive
impact on
Model predictions
Numerical robustness
Computational speed
The main areas of modification are related to the turbulence level submodels and the oil-water dispersion model.
A new numerical steady state solver is also implemented, which greatly improves both numerical robustness and
speed.
The physical model modifications will lead to different predictions compared to earlier versions of the OLGA HD
model, both for transient simulations and for the Steady state preprocessor. Tuning of the OLGA HD model is not
backwards compatible with previous OLGA versions due to the differences in the physical model.
The model changes in OLGA 2015.1 rely to a very large degree on comparison with measured data, including all
data available through various joint industry projects, including the OLGA Verification and Improvement project,
as well as some additional confidential data. For these data sets, which cover a large range of field types and flow
loop experiments, it can be concluded that the OLGA HD stratified flow model gives on average better predictions
of pressure and liquid holdups than the OLGA stratified flow model. As a result of this, OLGA HD is the default
flow model in OLGA 2015.1 for all types of simulations.
Converting flow model from previous versions
The OLGA GUI will automatically set the OPTIONS - FLOWMODEL key to a value. The value that is used
depends on whether a new case is generated or an existing case is opened.
If a new case is generated, the OLGA GUI automatically sets the FLOWMODEL key to the new default
model in 2015.1 (OLGA HD).
If an existing case is opened in the OLGA GUI, and the FLOWMODEL key is not set, you are asked
which flow model you would like to use for the case by selecting the default model in 2015.1 (OLGA HD)
or the default model in previous versions (OLGA). You can disable this question and always set the
default model in 2015.1 (OLGA HD).
If a batch simulation is started with an input file which does not have the FLOWMODEL key defined, the
OLGA HD flow model is used in the simulation.
December 2015
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Slug tracking
Introduction
With OLGA 2015.1 we introduce a novel slug initiation mechanism for slug tracking. Combined with a revised
model for slug tail propagation and other improvements of the tracking scheme, OLGA slug tracking simulations
are now less dependent on user input, are based on a more physical initiation mechanism, and show a more
gradual evolution of the slug length distribution than with previous versions. Furthermore, we have stabilized the
slug tracking considerably.
Previous versions of OLGA
By use of the slug tracking concept, OLGA simulates the formation and movement of slugs in detail, following
each individual slug. The method has demonstrated its capacity in numerous projects, however there has been
clear room for improvements on some particular points:
The initiation of a hydrodynamic slug was based directly on the two parameters INITFREQUENCY and
DELAYCONSTANT which was given by the user (default values exist).
Observations in large-scale lab experiments show that slug lengths may experience more evolution
along the pipeline than has been predicted by simulation of these systems.
The results from slug tracking simulations have for some systems shown a too strong dependence on
the spatial grid size.
Mechanistic model for slug initiation and evolution

OLGA 2015.1 features new and modified models that remedy the listed issues:
New, mechanistic model for initiation of hydrodynamic slugs which is independent of user input and
matches observed initiation frequencies for large and diverse sets of lab data
Improved model for slug tail velocity leading to slug evolution in better agreement with observations in
large scale labs
The combined model for slug initiation and evolution is tuneable
Revised model for pressure drop over the slug front improving predicted pressure drop for certain known
field data while retaining overall predictability
Improved momentum balance formulation strongly reducing grid dependence
Slug initiation model

The OLGA 2015 mechanistic slug initiation model is described in some detail, see Reference (1) below. The main
ingredient is the introduction of the slug birth rate B and the associated probability P for introducing a slug in a
section of length z during a simulation time step t:
P Bzt
With this model, OLGA uses the probability to determine whether a slug should be initiated. The birth rate B is
modelled as follows
B kB
VF VT
N P N ,
10 D
where VF and VT are slug front and tail velocities of a candidate slug, D is the inner pipe diameter, N is the
number of slugs per unit length present in the pipe, NP is the number of slug precursors per unit pipe length and
kB is a tuning constant. The slug precursor density NP is obtained by simulating the unit cell length of successive
short slugs of lengths 5 to 10 diameters.
Slug tail velocity model
OLGA uses the Bendiksen correlation for slug tail/bubble nose velocity, see Reference (2) below. Until OLGA
2015.1, a correction factor with dependence on the slug length was applied, based on observations by Fagundes
Netto et al. See Reference (2) below. Building on reanalysed data from the large scale Tiller flow loop, a revised
dependency on slug length is implemented. This model contributes to a more gradual evolution in the slug length
distribution.
December 2015
Page 4
Extra wall friction behind the slug front

The pressure drop contribution over the breaking slug front is modified, introducing a model for extra frictional
pressure drop developed in a joint industry project, see Reference (4) below. On average, this has been observed
to give a slight reduction in pressure drop for typical slug dominated cases, with pronounced improvement for
certain systems.
Model selection
The SLUGTRACKINGMODEL key is introduced under the OPTIONS keyword. The default value is OLGA2015,
enabling the OLGA 2015 model. The previous model is activated by selecting SLUGTRACKINGMODEL =
OLGA6.
If you run cases generated with earlier versions of OLGA, SLUGTRACKINGMODEL = OLGA2015 is activated.
Converting cases previous to OLGA 2015.1
When slug tracking cases from previous versions are opened in OLGA 2015.1, you are informed that the Slug
tracking model chosen is OLGA2015. The key SLUGTRACKINGMODEL under OPTIONS is set to OLGA2015.
(OLGA-17710)
Tuning the OLGA 2015 Slug tracking model
The revised model for slug initiation and evolution may be tuned with the key SLUGFREQCONST under the
SLUGTRACKING keyword. The key is a tuning multiplier for models regulating slug initiation frequency and slug
growth. A higher factor increases initiation frequency and favours shorter slugs. (OLGA-17598)
Stabilized slug tracking
Slug tracking combines the use of two spatial grids in OLGA:
1. The regular, fixed grid based on the specification of PIPEs and SECTIONs
2. A subgrid that follows the movement of the slug fronts and tails
There are numerical challenges related to this combination of grids, in particular in relation to slug fronts and tails
crossing the boundaries of the fixed grid. This could sometimes result in unstable slug tracking simulations where
general workarounds have been hard to establish, apart from restarts or modifications of the time step.
Through several algorithm and modelling improvements, the stability of slug tracking is now considerably
enhanced compared to previous versions. In particular, the numerical convergence is improved when solving for
velocities in the bubble zone for the Slug tracking model for steeply inclined pipes (from 5 to 30 degree from
vertical).
References
(1) C. J. Lawrence, Z. G. Xu , P. Andersson, H. Eiding , L. Hovden, J. Henriksson, S. Henriksen, S. Dayarathna,
T. Haugset, T. Ruden, B. Hu. Validation of a physically-based model for slug initiation and evolution in
hydrodynamic slug flow. 17th Int. Conf. Multiphase Production Technology, Cannes, 10-12 June (2015), pp
9-23.
(2) K. H. Bendiksen, D. Malnes, R. Moe, S. Nuland. The dynamic two fluid model OLGA: Theory and
application. SPE Production Engineering 6(2), 171-180, 1991
(3) J. R. Fagundes Netto, J. Fabre, P. Grenier, and L. Peresson. An experimental study of an isolated long
bubble in a horizontal liquid flow. 3rd Int. Conf. Multiphase Flow, Lyon, 8-12 June, Paper 654, 1998
(4) J. Nossen, C. J. Lawrence, North American Conference on Multiphase Technology, 8, Banff (Canada), 201206-20--06-22. Proceedings, BHR Group, 2012. - ISBN 978-1-85598-129-4
December 2015
Page 5
Diagram view
Symbols used in the Diagram view updated with P&ID type symbols
All symbols used in the Diagram view in the OLGA GUI are improved. The Diagram view now mimics a P&ID type
of diagram. Similar symbols are used in the Component bar, Model browser and Custom windows.
Resize and rotate nodes, and labels positioned inside the nodes
All nodes can be resized and rotated. Select a node to display the rotation handle and resize handles. When
rotating the node, it snaps to 90 degree increments. The labels of the nodes are positioned inside the node. You
can double-click a node to enter Edit mode. If the label exceeds the node, then hover the mouse pointer over the
node to display a tooltip containing the complete label.
Change node type

Due to the difference between the nodes, you cannot change from one node type to another by simply changing
the type through the Model browser. If you want to change to a different node type, then delete the node you
already have and add a new node with the correct type.
Improved flowpath connections
You connect a flowpath in much of the same manner as previously. The difference is that the connection points
on nodes are displayed with blue circles and are positioned differently than in previous versions.
For boundary nodes, the connection points are located at the left and right edge, as follows:
December 2015
Page 6
For internal nodes, the connection points are spread around the outer edge of the node, as follows:
This makes it easier to avoid overlapping flowpaths. A flowpath can be moved from one connection point to
another, and also to another node, by drag and drop.
For other components, for instance the separator, the connection points represent different flow terminals.
Improved signal connections

Connecting signals has changed significantly. The connection points for signals are displayed as green circles.
Note that in contrast to previous OLGA versions, the connection points do not represent a signal terminal. You
connect a signal by dragging a signal line between two green circles. Then you choose which terminals to
connect by selecting these terminals in the Select terminals window.
If you select a connected signal line, the connected terminals are displayed on the signal line. If you double-click a
signal line, the Select terminals window opens, and you can select a different set of terminals.
Since the connection points do not represent the signal terminals, you can move the signal line from one
connection point to another to enhance the appearance of your case. Note that the same terminals are used. You
can also move the signal line to another component. The Select Terminals window will then re-open.
December 2015
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Configure number of connection points on an internal node

By default, there are three connection points on both the vertical and horizontal edge of an internal node. If you
want more or fewer connection points, then right-click a node and select Number of connection points from the
context menu. In the figure below, the internal node is resized and the number of connection points are changed
to five on the vertical sides, and to one on the horizontal sides.
Equipment placed on a flowpath does not overlap

Equipment on the same position are now located next to each other. This makes it easier to see and select all the
equipment. Equipment without a given position are located where they are dropped or in the middle of the
flowpath.
December 2015
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Rearranged toolbar
Some buttons in the toolbar are moved from a split button to the toolbar itself for easier access. The icons used
for Arrange horizontally and Arrange vertically are changed to better reflect the functionality.
Note that the button Distribute inline equipment evenly is no longer placed in the toolbar. This function is less
important, since equipment no longer overlaps. This function can however still be accessed in the context menu
for the flowpath.
Automatically route flowpaths and signal lines
You can now activate automatic routing for flowpaths and signal lines.
When this option is activated, the flowpaths and signal lines are automatically routed around other components
when they are connected and when their end-points are moved. Note that automatic routing is only available for
right-angled flowpaths and signal lines. It is recommended to use right-angled flowpaths with automatic routing as
this makes it easier to arrange the layout of the case.
Flowpath labels always follow the flowpath
The flowpath labels now always follows the flowpath. Previously, they could be placed anywhere in the Diagram
view. Now, they can only be moved along the flowpath.
Filtering away labels do not remove labels displayed inside objects
If you filter away labels, only the free-floating labels are removed. The labels for objects that have the label inside
the symbol, for instance nodes, separators, transmitters, etc. are not removed.
Transmitter labels located inside the transmitter symbol
The labels are located inside the circular part of the transmitter to avoid cluttering the diagram. It is recommended
to use short labels as the space is limited. The label is split over two lines. The first two characters are displayed
in the first line, the next three are displayed in the second line. If you use more characters the second line will end
with three dots (), but you will see the entire label in a tooltip of you hover the mouse pointer over the
transmitter.
December 2015
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Electrical submersible pumps (ESP) and Centrifugal pump

Viscosity correction method for ESP and Centrifugal Pump
A viscosity correction method is available for both the ESP pump and Centrifugal pump. The VISCMETHOD key
enables correction of the pump performance due to higher liquid viscosity of the fluid than that of water. The
available method is the Hydraulic Institute method (HI) as described in Hydraulic Institute. Effects of Liquid Viscosity
on Rotodynamic (Centrifugal and Vertical) Pump Performance. ANSI/HI 9.6.7-2010. ISBN 978-1-935762-04-01.
The method can be used for heavy oils where the built-in performance curves or input are measured using water.
Centrifugal pump and ESP pump models in non-standard operating regimes
The centrifugal pump and ESP pump models in OLGA are capable of modelling pump operations in non-standard
operating regimes, for instance backflow. This capability is required to model pumps during transients, such as
start-up and shut-down. OLGA uses built-in data to model pump operation in non-standard operating regimes if
data from the manufacturers is not available.
The built-in data and the transition between built-in and user given data for centrifugal pump and ESP pump is
now improved. Certain restrictions which limited the range of the centrifugal pump and ESP pump models in nonstandard operating regimes are removed. The following improvements are implemented:
Built-in pump performance data
Previously, only one set of built-in pump performance curves was used. Now, three single-phase curves are used
for three different specific speeds. Built-in pump performance curves fully degraded two-phase performance and
two-phase multipliers are the same as before.
In cases where CENTRIFUGALPUMP is used and data is added for CENTPUMPCURVES, no changes to the
results are expected in the range where data is user given. Likewise, no changes in the results are expected in
the range where data is given in an ESPDB file for an ESP pump model.
For cases with a CENTRIFUGALPUMP where only rated values are given, there will be changes to the results
also in the normal range. This is because the pump performance now is determined by interpolation of the built-in
data with respect to the specific speed calculated from the given rated values.
Transition between user-given and built-in data
In cases where the pump data given by the user or the ESPDB file deviated significantly from the built-in pump
performance data, the pump performance could become discontinuous in the transition between the user given
data and the built-in data. This transition is improved both by increasing the accuracy of the built-in data and by
using a method for the transition which better ensures continuity in the pump performance and its derivatives.
Removed restrictions
Due to restrictions on the input side, it was not possible to have negative speed in the centrifugal pump and
ESP pump models. This restriction is removed.
A cutoff which limited the flow rate used when calculating the pump performance to three times the rated
flowrate (applied both for backflow and normal flow) is removed. The effect of this limitation was that the
pump performance curve was flat for flow rates larger than three times the rated flow.
Mechanical efficiency in ESP pumps

The pump's mechanical efficiency can now be altered using the key EFFIMECH. This is similar to what you can
do for the Centrifugal pump. Note that the default value is Unity, this is in order to be compatible with previous
releases. The Centrifugal pump has a default value of 0.7.
New output variables for pumps
The following output variables are now available:
PUMPHEAD - output the head
PUMPHEFF - output the hydraulic efficiency of a pump.
Multiflash 6.0 as PVT package in Compositional Tracking

New version available
Multiflash 6.0 is now available in OLGA. Multiflash can be accessed through the Tools page. New features of this
release includes:
Same pseudo characterization
December 2015
Multiple feeds in fluid files
New viscosity correlation for heavy oils - Pedersen (heavy Oil)
New and improved GUI
Page 10
Multiflash 6.0 is also used as a PVT engine in Compositional Tracking for OLGA 2015.1. This version enables
several feeds to be defined within the Multiflash (.mfl) file.
For a more complete list of improvements, refer to the Multiflash Release notes. (OLGA-17527, 17476, 17822)
OPC server and Submodelling

Licenses for submodelling simulations
MR licenses now available for Submodelling. You can purchase license packages for running either 4-8-16-32
instances for OLGA with submodelling. Note that these licenses require usage of one regular license of OLGA
Core System and any other OLGA Modules required.
Run OPC servers without administrative privileges
You can now install five OPC servers that do not require administrator privileges to be run. These are named
OLGAOPCServer, OLGAOPCServer1, OLGAOPCServer2, OLGAOPCServer3 and OLGAOPCServer4.
This option is named OPC server for non-admin users and is available in the OLGA installation custom dialog.
This check box is by default cleared.
Disable submodels
You can now disable one or more submodels using the -disable command line parameter. The functionality is the
same as setting the new key ENABLED=NO under the SUBMODEL keyword.
Load restart case into a submodel case with disabled submodels
You can now load a restart case into a submodel case where one or several submodels are disabled. It is also
allowed to run submodels without connecting flow or signal connections. (OLGA-16888)
Key ENABLED available for submodels
The key ENABLED is now available for submodels. Use this key to state whether the submodel is enabled or
disabled.
ENABLED=YES: This is the default value. The submodel is launched.
ENABLED=NO: The submodel is not launched and any connections to/from the submodel are ignored.
(OLGA-16895)
New version of OPC Toolkit
The OPC Toolkit application is upgraded to version 7.2.4. This version includes the following
improvements/features:
Support for Windows Server 2012
APIS Foundation native components now depend on Microsoft Visual C++ Redistributable for Visual Studio
2013
Add the missing attribute QuantityEngUnitID on QuantityID="44" QuantityName="enthalpy pervolume"
Substations in ATL resource registry must be escaped for strings containing single quote ('). Added
SingleQuoteEscape for LOCALSERVER32 entry
Fixed module persist in registry
Restructured OLGA user manual

OLGA user manual divided into 3 manuals
The OLGA user manual is restructured in order to simplify how the user locates relevant user documentation
content. The current manual is now split into the following three manuals:
December 2015
OLGA user manual

This manual contains the following content:
Model descriptions
Modelling input and file structure
Simulation execution
Data file syntax
Restrictions and limitations

OLGA GUI manual
Graphical User Interface
Tools
OLGA sample cases
The OLGA sample cases
December 2015
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Resolved issues and enhancements in OLGA 2015.1
Bundle
Bundle input handling is more stable
The order of nested bundles could cause OLGA to terminate during the initialization of a case. This is resolved.
(OLGA-16321)
FEMTherm editor window
When you opened the FEMTherm editor window, the SOILVERTBOUND key was set to FIXEDTEMP even
if this was defined as NOFLUX in OLGA. This is resolved. (OLGA-15578)
When you closed the FEMTherm editor window, the temperature units were changed to Kelvin. This is
resolved. (OLGA-15578)
ABSPOSITION in bundle components

OLGA terminated if you used a position which was specified by the ABSPOSITION key as From or To position in
a bundle component. This is resolved. (OLGA-17462)
Compositional tracking
Mole fractions for non-existing phases
To account for appearing phases, Compositional Tracking simulations require the component mole fractions for
non-existing phases (XG, XH and XW). Previously, these mole fractions could be zero for all components, but this
could lead to instabilities if you encountered a large pressure and/or temperature change when a phase
appeared. Now, XG, XH and XW are non-zero for at least one component all the time. (OLGA-16702)
Wrong phase assigned to components in the Multiflash PVT package
In rare occasions, when the fluid suddenly went from a multi-phase to a single-phase fluid, inconsistencies
caused components to be assigned in the wrong phase in the Multiflash PVT library. This resulted in strange
phase fractions and fluid properties in OLGA. This is resolved. (OLGA-17626)
Fixed error situation in the Multiflash PVT package due to emergence of second liquid phase
In Multiflash, it is possible to define a second hydrocarbon liquid phase. This second liquid phase is merged into
the first liquid phase. An error in Multiflash caused an inconsistency, when this second liquid phase emerged. This
caused OLGA to stop. This is resolved. (OLGA-17169)
Fixed error situation in the Multiflash PVT package due to wrong assignment of the incipient phase
In some situations, Multiflash assigned the incipient phase to the wrong phase causing OLGA to stop. This issue
is resolved. (OLGA-17845)
Controllers
Connecting key series values to controllers
If a key value in the SOURCE keyword was part of a series and connected to a controller, then the original key
value (default or user defined) could influence the results. This is resolved. The controller value is now used for all
values in the series. This change affects the following keys:
GOR, WATERCUT, GASFRACTION, TOTALWATERFRACTION, WAXFRACTION and STEAMFRACTION.
(OLGA-17049)
December 2015
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Changing modes from MANUAL to AUTOMATIC for ESD and PSV controllers
ESD and PSV controller signals were not updated after changing modes from MANUAL to AUTOMATIC.
When changing modes, the CONTR signal did not take into account STROKETIME or
OPENINGTIME/CLOSINGTIME.
This is resolved. (OLGA-17065)
Corrosion
Calculating top line corrosion
The model for calculation of top of line corrosion (TLC) rate is updated to include the effect of acetic acid. Acetic
acid makes the condensed water more acid and can therefore increase the TLC rate. In certain cases the
contribution of acetic acid can increase the TLC rates with 20 75%.
The CO2 corrosion model (NORSOK M-506) is updated to use CO2 fugacity as input parameter instead of CO2
partial pressure. This gives more correct corrosion rates at high total pressure. (OLGA-17463)
Drilling
Time step control for DRILLING=ON
Previously, the time step control based on the volume error change (HTCRIT=12, CRIT_VOLERR) was
deactivated if DRILLING=ON or PARTICLEFLOW=SIMPLE/ADVANCED. This time step criterion is now
activated. For most cases, this change will have little effect. However, a reduction of the time step can be
expected for drilling or particle cases with gas and large pressure changes. (OLGA-16769)
Improved handling of low pressure for drilling fluid simulations
Vaporization/condensation of oil or water based mud is considered when the temperature crosses the saturation
line of the mud. The Antoine equation, ln(p) = a-b/T, is used to calculated the saturation curve.
For the oil based mud, a = 23.59218 and b = 4547.8.
For the water based mud, a = 25.27877 and b = 5132.0.
The single-component approach is adapted to determine the rate of vaporization/condensation, and the latent
heat is considered in the energy equation. (OLGA-17251)
Create water mud from two-phase table in Fluid Definition Tool
Previously, if you used a two-phase table to generate a water mud in the Fluid Definition Tool, the tool generated
a mud table which did not contain all necessary information. This is resolved. An error message now states that
the original table does not include a water phase, and no new table is generated. (OLGA-16132)
Combining drilling with compositional tracking
There was an error in the calculation of how entrainment and deposition terms were added in the mass equations.
The error occurred only if
1) Compositional tracking was combined with mud tracking.
2) The mud contained internal fluids and solids.
3) There was entrainment of mud to gas layer as droplets.
Flow model
Calculation of oil/water wall shear stress during slug flow
The calculation of wall stress for oil/water wall shear stress was erroneous when there was slug flow (ID=3). This
caused too high oil/water wall shear stress (TAUWHL/TAUWWT).
This is resolved. The new solution affects:
December 2015
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1. The output variables TAUWHL and TAUWWT

2. The OLGA corrosion model, since this uses wall shear stress in the calculation of corrosion rate
The pressure drop in the pipeline is not affected.
Note that this error was not present when the slug tracking model is activated. (OLGA-08761)
Heat transfer
Failure to check for fluid materials placed consecutively in a wall
When calculating the heat transfer through a material of type fluid in a pipe wall, OLGA takes into account the
effect of heat conduction, natural convection and optionally radiation. Placing two fluid materials consecutively or
discretizing a fluid material should not be allowed, since this would make the model for the natural convection
unphysical.
If the WALL keywords were placed before the MATERIAL keywords in a key or genkey-file, it was erroneously
allowed to put two fluid materials consecutively in a wall. Also, it was allowed to set DISCRETIZATION = ON for
fluid materials. Both of these issues are resolved. (OLGA-17938)
Improved properties of air and water used for heat transfer to ambient conditions
The properties of air and water are improved to better reflect experimental values for a typical chemical
composition of air and water. The physical properties for the following scenarios are now used:
- Air with 70 % humidity at 1 atm and 60 F
- Typical seawater properties at 10 C and pressure ranging from 1 atm to 100 atm.
For air:
Density is changed from 1.2895 to 1.2174 kg/m3
Viscosity is changed from 0.018 cP to 0.0178 cP
Conductivity is changed from 0.02302 to 0.0251 W/mK
Heat capacity is changed from 1000.454 to 1005 J/kgK
Thermal expansion from 0.0034 to 0.00347 1/K.

For water:
Density is changed from 1000 to 1028.4 kg/m3,
Viscosity is changed from 1 cP to 1.4 cP
Conductivity is changed from 0.559 to 0.5865 J/kgK
Heat capacity is changed from 4186 to 3978 J/kgK, and the
Thermal expansion is changed from 0.00021 to 0.000172 1/K
These are the same physical properties as in PIPESIM. These changes will only have a minor effect on OLGA
simulation results. (OLGA-17162)
Section mid-point interpolation used for section wise interpolation
OLGA now handles the SECTIONWISE option as section mid-point interpolation in the HEATTRANSFER
keyword. This applies to interpolation for the following keys:
TAMBIENT, INTAMBIENT/OUTTAMBIENT,
HAMBIENT, INHAMBIENT/OUTHAMBIENT
VELOCITY, INVELOCITY/OUTVELOCITY
Previously, only TAMBIENT with two temperature entries in the list would use the mid-point interpolation method.
Previous versions would give the value zero for HAMBIENT and/or VELOCITY when using
INTERPOLATION=SECTIONWISE in combination with HAMBIENT and/or VELOCITY with two entries.
December 2015
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Interpolation to find ambient heat transfer coefficients and/or ambient fluid velocities would also fail if using
INTERPOLATION=SECTIONWISE in combination with INHAMBIENT/OUTHAMBIENT,
INVELOCITY/OUTVELOCITY. (OLGA-17484)
Ambient heat transfer velocity
An error could occur when the VELOCITY key in HEATTRANSFER was used to specify velocity of ambient fluid
for two sections which were a subset of the total number of sections in a pipe, and where these sections were
different from the two first sections in the pipe. These conditions could give incorrect values to the velocities used
to calculate the ambient heat transfer coefficient for the pipe sections. This is resolved. (OLGA-17376)
Time dependent ambient temperature for UGIVEN
Previously, varying the ambient wall temperature by a controller or with time series had no impact on the heat
transfer calculations for TEMPERATURE=UGIVEN. This is resolved. Changes in ambient wall temperature are
now included in the heat transfer calculations for TEMPERATURE=UGIVEN. (OLGA-16772)
License information
SLB Licensing tool must be manually installed
The Schlumberger License Server Version 2015.1 must now be installed separately. The installation setup follows
the OLGA installation package. The Schlumberger License Server is used to license Multiflash technology in
OLGA. See also Installation of Schlumberger Licensing (chapter 4.4) in the OLGA Installation guide.
Numerics
Improved temperature calculation in sections filled with liquid
Previously, the volume error could lead to unphysical increases in pressure and temperature in shut-in pipes filled
with liquid. This was due to a feedback from the volume error on the pressure and temperature and vice versa. To
remove this effect, the volume change is now limited to be due to temperature change as a result of the heat
transfer to ambient. (OLGA-17675)
Change of convective momentum terms
When calculating the convective momentum changes, different mass flux was used for the upstream and
downstream control volume. In cases where there is a large difference between the upstream and downstream
mass fluxes, doing so results in too large acceleration pressure drop, especially for short sections. (OLGA16931)
OLGA GUI
Arrange network vertically
When you selected the Arrange diagram vertically option from the context menu in the Diagram view, the network
was arranged from top to bottom. This is changed. The network is now arranged vertically from bottom to top.
(OLGA-17570)
Loading .opi file
OLGA could not load a case if the .opi file contained invalid visual data for the Diagram view. This is resolved.
(OLGA-16580)
Edit a label in Diagram view
Previously, you double-clicked a label in the Diagram to enter Edit mode. This is changed. Double-clicking a label
opens the Model browser. To enter Edit mode, select a label and then click on it. Pressing F2 will also enter Edit
mode. (OLGA-17569)
December 2015
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Undo delete for GEOMETRY keyword

Deleting the GEOMETRY keyword on a flowpath also deletes all the pipes on the flowpath. Undoing a Delete
action would previously only recreate the GEOMETRY keyword. Pipes would not be recreated unless you clicked
the Undo action button or pressed Ctrl+Y several times. This could cause the Flowpath geometry data view to be
unstable and terminate the OLGA GUI. This is resolved. (OLGA-17495)
OPC server
Run OLGA with a preregistered OPC server
It is now possible to run an OLGA simulation using a preregistered OPC server without having administrator
privileges. (OLGA-17113)
It is now possible to run OLGA server cases using an OPC server without administrator privileges. Select
the option to install an OPC server named OLGAOPCServer during the OLGA installation. Note that this
requires administrator privileges. (OLGA-17114)
Case name for submodels displayed in scheduler console window

For submodelled cases, the case name of all submodels starting are now displayed in the scheduler console
window, provided that the DEBUG key under OPTIONS is set to LIMITED or ON. (OLGA-17966)
Improved messages
If you attempt to register an OPC server but do not have Administrator privileges, a more detailed message
is now printed to the console. The improved message is:
The current user 'XX' does not have Administrator privileges, which are required to register OPC server
'XXX. (OLGA-17966)
An error message is displayed in the main console window if you attempt to start OLGA with the -regServer,
-regService, -unreg, -start and -stop command line switches set and you do not have Administrator
privileges. For example:
The current user 'user_1' does not have Administrator privileges, which are required to use the command
line switch regServer. (OLGA-17979)
The warning message WARNING Invalid argument received for command 'Stop' was incorrectly displayed
when stopping a submodelling case with an OPC client. This warning is now removed. (OLGA-17972)
Output variable for SERVERDATA

It is now possible to select HT as output variable on flowpaths and not only on case level. (OLGA-17046)
Shift time on the OPC server
When the command SetTime is trigged on the OPC server, all time-related variables are shifted up or down by
the amount dictated by the difference between the OPC items TIME and SetTime.Time.
For ExternalClock, the shift was incorrect. ExternalClock got a value one second too far into the future. This
could cause OLGA to start simulating when it should not be simulating. This is resolved. ExternalClock is now
shifted the correct number of seconds. (OLGA-16814)
Modify input keys on SOURCE and NODE on OPC server
The input keys listed below on the SOURCE and NODE keywords could not be modified on the OPC server if
these keys were given as time series in an OLGA case. Only the first time point in the time series was modified.
Now, all time points in the time series are changed when changing an input key on the OPC server. This applied
to the following input keys:
FEEDMASSFLOW, FEEDMOLEFLOW, FEEDMASSFRACTION, FEEDVOLFRACTION, FEEDMOLEFRACTION,
FEEDSTDFLOW
(OLGA-17147)
Internal variables when executing LoadSnap
After a LoadSnap command had been executed, internal variables could be initialized again, creating spikes in
the results. This is resolved. LoadSnap will now behave the same as loading a restart file. (OLGA-17161)
December 2015
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Output
Output variable for fluid mixture density
The output variable ROF is now available. ROF represents the fluid mixture density including all phases (also any
solids or drilling fluids) in all cross-sectional layers (also any wall and bed layers). It is a volume variable, available
for standard sections/control volumes, nodes and network separators. (OLGA-17338)
Calculations for STDROG, STDROHL and STDROWT for Inhibitor-, Mud- and Steam tracking
The output variables STDROG, STDROHL and STDROWT for Inhibitor-, Mud- and Steam tracking are now
calculated correctly for the composition present at standard conditions (including mass transfer). Previously, there
was a possibility of mismatch e.g. between QWST and STDROWT because the mass transfer for calculated
plotted values became wrong. (OLGA-15672)
Quantities for GASCST, OILCST and WATCST output variables
Wrong quantity was used in the output variables GASCST, OILCST and WATCST. This is now changed to
STANDARD_VOLUME and the default unit changed from M3 to SM3. Thus, the available units for these variables
have changed. If you have a case where you use a unit which is no longer the default unit, OLGA uses the
existing unit until it is changed. An old case without a specified unit will now use the new default unit SM3.
(OLGA-17382)
Missing output data for wall
When TEMPERATURE is set to either UGIVEN or ADIABATIC under the OPTIONS keyword, you can now
specify all WALL output variables apart from TW under OUTPUTDATA and have them written to the .out file.
Previously, this output was only written if TEMPERATURE was set to WALL or FASTWALL. (OLGA-15944)
New boundary output variables describing stratified flow
Two new boundary output variables describing the stratified flow are added.
FROUD2P is the gas-liquid Froude number. It is computed by:
If the flow is not stratified or if no gas is present FROUDE2P is set to zero.

IKHFR is the Inviscid Kelvin-Helmholtz Froude number for gas-liquid stratified flow. It is computed by:
where:
,
Gas and liquid density
, :
Gas and liquid velocity
Gas and liquid flow area
Interface perimeter
Pipe inclination relative to horizontal plane
Gravity force
If the flow is not stratified or if no gas is present IKHFROUDE is set to zero.
December 2015
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Parametric studies
List of variables in XY Plot window
If the first case in the Parametric study table was not run, the list of variables displayed in the XY Plot window was
empty. This is resolved. The list is populated as long as at least one case in a parametric study is run. (OLGA14437)
Illegal characters in Decoration field
The Parametric Study would not run if you used illegal characters in the Decoration field when you defined
parameters with time series. This would generate file names with illegal characters for a case. This is resolved.
Illegal characters are now automatically replaced with "~ in order for a case to be saved prior to running a study.
(OLGA-15278)
Pig
Trap and routing not defined for a pig
The plot variable LIQCUP could sometimes yield incorrect warnings or results when LIQCUP was plotted for pig
and
TRAPPOSITION key was not given in a case with pig in a single branch
ROUTING key was not given in a case with a pig in the network
The plot variable LIQCDOWN stopped the simulation if there was a problem.
OLGA now issues a warning when LIQCUP and LIQCDOWN cannot be calculated correctly. (OLGA-17222)
Launch a pig in restart cases
It was not possible to launch a pig in a restart case when:
1. a server case loaded restart from a non-server case
2. a case with controlled pig (LAUNCH terminal) loaded restart from a case with non-controlled pig
This is resolved. This will affect cases where a pig is launched and server cases. (OLGA-17142)
Pipeline editor
Using libraries in Well editor/Pipeline editor between different versions
The libraries in the Well editor and Pipeline editor can be used between OLGA versions. E.g. if you save a
well/pipeline to the library in OLGA 2014.2, you can load it in OLGA 2014.3. The well is then automatically
converted to the correct model.
However, if you save a well/pipeline in OLGA 2014.2 and load it in OLGA 2014.1, the well/pipeline may contain
errors. This is because there is no future compatibility in the older OLGA version.
A version field is now added to the Well/Pipeline library. Use this field to see in which version the well/pipeline
was created. A warning will also be displayed if you load a well/pipeline with a greater version number than the
current version. (OLGA-16397)
Using Pipeline editor with MS Classic theme
If you used the Classic Windows theme in MS Windows, OLGA would terminate if you opened the Segment tab in
the Pipeline Editor. This is resolved. (OLGA- 17246)
Profile section with zero length
The Pipeline editor would hang if you had a profile section with zero length and then clicked the Discretization
page. This is resolved. (OLGA-17516)
December 2015
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Plotting
Composite volume fraction variables for composite drilling cases in 3D plot view
For composite drilling cases, the 3D plot view now uses composite volume fraction variables (ALFM, HOLHLFM,
HOLWTFM) instead of volume fraction variables (AL, HOLHL, HOLWT) to visualize the liquid holdup in pipes. For
other cases, volume fraction variables (AL, HOLHL, HOLWT) are still visualized by the 3D plot view. (OLGA17509)
Plot cases with flowpath/annulus with identical names
Previously, it was not possible to plot cases with a flowpath and an annulus with identical names. This is resolved.
(OLGA-16199)
Plot hydrate files in OLGA GUI
OLGA was not able to plot hydrate files (.hyd) from the Plotting option on the Tools menu. This is resolved.
(OLGA-16116)
Underscore in output variable names
Output variables which contained the underscore sign (_) in the variable name did not display units in Trend plots.
Process equipment
Reopen check valve for OneSubsea pump
Previously, a check valve did not consider the pressure boost of the pump. This error caused the check valve of
OneSubsea pump to remain closed even when the pressure change across the valve dictated otherwise. This is
resolved, and the check valve will reopen when the pump provides sufficient pressure boost. (OLGA-17580)
OneSubsea temperature calculation
The energy balance equations for the OneSubsea pump is modified. This will have an effect on the calculated
temperature rise over the OneSubsea pump. (OLGA-17990)
Temperature increase over pump at zero differential pressure
A simplified pump or pressure boost pump would previously give a 1C temperature increase over the pump when
the differential pressure over the pump was zero if the black oil option was used. This is resolved, and no power is
delivered by the pump to the fluid if the differential pressure over the pump is zero. (OLGA-17152)
Unphysical temperatures downstream of Onesubsea pump
Previously, OLGA simulations with Onesubsea pumps could result in unphysical temperatures downstream of the
pump when the flow through the pump was small. This was due to an incorrect distribution of the pump-power
when calculating the downstream temperature. This is resolved and will give a better temperature calculation
during start-up operation of the pump. (OLGA-17596)
Error in the bypass and recycle flow calculation
Previously, there was an error in the calculation of flow in the bypass and recycle line for pumps. I.e., for
centrifugal pump, displacement pump and Onesubsea pump as well as compressor (with recycle line and
ASVSIG).
The error occurred if a compositional model was activated (i.e. COMPOSITIONAL different from OFF or SINGLE)
or if WAXDEPOSITION, PARTICLEFLOW or DRILLING was activated.
This error could for instance influence cases with flow through the recycle line (anti-surge valve) of a compressor,
where the calculated recycle flow could be significantly different for DRILLING=ON and DRILLING=OFF. (OLGA16768)
December 2015
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Inconsistent calculation of liquid film mass and liquid droplet mass from sources and wells
The ratios liquid film mass/total liquid mass and liquid droplet mass/total liquid mass from sources and wells are
calculated in two different manners depending on whether there is positive or negative flow. The two methods
were not used consistently for the following sources and wells: Massflow source, Pressure driven source, Well,
Nearwell and Tracer source. The first two always used the method for positive flow, whereas the last three always
used the method for negative flow. This is resolved. A more correct distribution between the mass of liquid film
and mass of liquid droplets in the section connected to a source or well is now used. (OLGA-17217)
Source with several blackoil feeds
If you specified several feeds for a source, OLGA would compute a wrong flow rate of the mixed fluid when you
used FEEDSTDFLOW with the blackoil option. This is resolved. (OLGA-17236).
Downstream volume flow rate output for Leak
The downstream volume flow rate output for Leak is corrected. It now accounts for the current mass flow rate.
Previously, this output was set prior to updating the downstream composition. (OLGA-17369)
Risk Management and Optimization (RMO)

New enhancement and resolved issues
Two separate instances of OLGA can now each run one instance of RMO.
RMO can now export the Simulation Center table into a CSV file.
The Hydrate file is now copied into the experiment folder.
RMO was not a part of the installation if you installed OLGA with the silent (/S) (unattended) option. This is
resolved. (OLGA-17454)
Scheduler/Submodelling
Transmission of time step in submodelling by signal connections
To improve robustness, the controller time step is now transferred together with the signal in submodelling signal
connections. You must add SERVERDATA for HT and select EXPOSE for the HTEXT key to run cases with
signal connections. Note that backward compatibility is broken with this change. See also the SLB Support portal.
(OLGA-16880)
Services hanging due to incorrectly configured submodelling cases
If an incorrectly configured submodelling case caused errors in the initialization phase, for example if HT was not
added as a SERVERDATA item on a submodel, then the submodel would hang when the submodelling case was
started in the Windows Service setting. This is resolved. The submodels are now stopped together with the
scheduler case, and the system as a whole will behave similar to how it would behave outside the service context.
(OLGA-16986)
Select TRENDDATA and SERVERDATA for SPEED variable
If you selected the SPEED variable for TRENDDATA and SERVERDATA at the same time, OLGA could
terminate. This is resolved. (OLGA-17940)
Tools
Profile generator plots
You can now move to different areas of the plots in the Profile generator (panning) by pressing the middle mouse
button (wheel) and move the mouse in any direction. (OLGA-16786)
Flowpath geometry data view
If you changed the unit on a column that did not have any values, the unit was not changed. I.e. any new
values would be set in the old unit in the model. This is resolved. (OLGA-17575)
December 2015
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If you used Oilfield units when you changed the XStart, YStart or ZStart fields from their default value (0),
the values were incorrectly set in meters instead of feet. This is resolved. (OLGA-17560)
The units in the Flowpath geometry data plot were not updated if you used X/Y data and changed the unit
on the X or Y column. This is resolved. (OLGA-17316)
If you used a completely flat profile and changed the unit on the Y column, the plot could show as not flat.
This was due to a round-off error in the unit conversion. This is resolved. (OLGA-17315)
If you used Oilfield units importing a .geo file into the Flowpath geometry view, the conversion of the unit
Feet was not correct. This is resolved. (OLGA-17400)
If you selected a different unit than the default unit on the Diameter, Roughness, Area, InnerDiameter and/or
OuterDiameter fields, and then reversed the geometry, the units in these fields returned to the default unit
while the values were unchanged. This is resolved. (OLGA-17847)
Calculating last section length in Flowpath geometry data view

In the Flowpath geometry data view, the last section length is now automatically calculated when a value is set in
the Length of sections field. (OLGA-17682)
Copy and paste pipes in Flowpath geometry data view
If you copied and pasted a pipe in the Flowpath geometry view, the model would become not runnable and no
error messages were displayed. This is resolved. (OLGA-17687)
HT available for source in IO Configuration tool
The variable HT is now available for the SOURCE keyword if you use Trend data in the IO Configuration tool.
(OLGA-17585)
Faster load of cases with IO Configurations
The speed is improved when loading a case where an IO Configuration is applied. (OLGA-16901)
Clear and delete in IO Configuration tool
The Clear and Delete buttons in the IO Configuration tool would previously not always delete and clear. This is
resolved. The Clear button now clears all configurations and the Delete button deletes a configuration. (OLGA17795)
Keywords from IO Configuration tool in RMO
The .TMPL file for the Risk Management and Optimization (RMO) tool did not include Trend and Profile keywords
which were generated by the IO Configuration tool. This is resolved. (OLGA-15892)
Flow regime input values in Multiphase Toolkit
In Multiphase Toolkit, the values in the Flow regime input window are now kept every time you open/close this
window. Previously, you had to re-enter values in this window. (OLGA-16807)
Output variable units in Multiphase Toolkit
If you changed the unit of any output variable in Multiphase Toolkit and run a calculation, the resulting value of the
output variable would be incorrect. The output variable now displays correct value when you change a unit.
(OLGA-16800)
Changing units in Multiphase Toolkit
When you changed the unit in the Flow regime input or Parametric study window in Multiphase Toolkit, the default
unit was used for calculations. This is resolved. The unit from the input window is now used in calculations for the
Flow regime map and Parametric study. (OLGA-16015)
Case in Model browser after generating model from Pipeline editor
If you had multiple cases open, the Model browser could select incorrect case after you generated the OLGA
model from the Pipeline editor and then returned to the Home page. This is resolved. The Model browser always
selects the current case. (OLGA-17958)
December 2015
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Variable list in Parametric study

The Variable list was empty in the XY Plot window if the first case listed in the Parametric study matrix was not
run. This is resolved. The list is populated as long any case in the Parametric study is run. (OLGA-17968)
Warning in Parametric study
The following warning was incorrectly displayed if you attempted XY plotting in the Parametric study:
One or more of the specified files have already been loaded. These files have been ignored.
This message is no longer displayed. (OLGA-17969)
Transmitter
Signal and terminal improvements
The following improvements are made to signals and terminals:
The signals connected to a valve would not be displayed. This is resolved.
Only terminals from the target node are now displayed if the target terminal types are equal to the source
terminal types.
In the Select visible signals window, you can now select the signals to be visible for all keywords which have
signal terminals. (OLGA-17017)
Connect transmitters to flowpath via POSITION

The POSITION key is now available for transmitters. Use this keyword to connect a transmitter to a flowpath.
(OLGA-17117)
Valve
Improved closed check valve
A closed check valve could for certain conditions give a leakage of pressure and mass flow. The conditions that
could cause leakage were flows of gas and liquid in opposite directions (counter-flow). The numerical treatments
for a closed check valve are now improved, giving zero leakage. When comparing with results from previous
OLGA versions, the improvements may show up as a changed point in time for closing of check valves, more
abrupt cut-off of flow and a different pressure propagation through a pipeline in cases where counter-flow is likely
to occur through check valves. (OLGA-17140)
Sonic velocity through a valve
If the EQUILIBRIUM key was selected, the sonic velocity through a valve was based on the numerical derivative
of mixture density with regards to pressure.
The numerical derivative may give non-physical value when the quality of the densities in the PVT table is poor.
To remedy this, the derivative of densities are used directly in calculating the sonic velocity of the valve. The
effects on the simulation results are small. (OLGA-17339)
Improved handling of LOSS and VALVE in the same section boundary
The handling of LOSS and VALVE is improved when these are placed on the same section boundary:
The pressure upstream of the valve is resolved for the pressure loss due to LOSS.
When the flow through the valve is critical, the velocity through the valve is not modified by the LOSS. This
ensures that the critical flow through the valve is correct.
(OLGA-17662)
Well
Filtering keywords
The terminals for some keywords were not filtered until the Select Visible Signals window was opened. This is
resolved. Filtering now applies to all terminals. (OLGA-15829)
December 2015
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Equipment/Reservoir placed close to well or tubing bottom

Previously, an equipment or reservoir placed very close to the well or tubing bottom could get lost when
generating the OLGA model. The following message was displayed in the Output window: Warning[9009] Could
not add ReservoirInflow at depth 2999.76 m. It is below the total depth 2999.66 m. This issue is resolved. (OLGA17209)
Well editor model generation with connections point/internal node on boundaries
The Well editor model generation failed if you used connection points or internal nodes on the boundaries. The
flowpaths and nodes were not connected and all the keys appeared as not in use. This is resolved. (OLGA17581)
Invalid characters in Well editor
The following characters cannot be used in the Well or Field fields in the Add well to library window in the Well
editor: \ / : * ? " < > | . An error message is now displayed if these characters are used and the Add button is
disabled. (OLGA-15151)
Fluid file with more than one fluid
If you added a fluid file that contained more than one fluid in the Well editor, only the last fluid from that file was
used. This is resolved. (OLGA-17210)
Equipment on Discretization page plot
If MD, TVD and Horizontal distance were given in a unit different than meters, the equipment could be incorrectly
placed on the plot on the Discretization page in the Well editor. This is resolved. (OLGA-17205)
Pipe length values in Well sample cases
When you opened the sample case Well - gas-lift-well-casingheading or Well - gas-well-liquid-loading and
selected the Well editor tab, you could get slightly different values on the pipe lengths when you regenerated the
OLGA model. This is resolved. (OLGA-17412)
Use extended Well editor option using MS Windows 8
If you used the Use extended Well editor option to display results in a Well editor plot tab (O4W tab), OLGA would
terminate when you exited the application. Note that this only occurred if you used OLGA 2014.2 on MS Windows
8. This is resolved. (OLGA-17415)
WGR input in WELL
The Water Gas Ratio (WGR) was interpreted as water cut (WC = WGR) by the well initializer and had an upper
limitation of 1.0. This is corrected and WGR now also handles values larger than 1.0. (OLGA-16918)
General
Instabilities with parallelization of NOSLIP
An error occurred in the parallelization of NOSLIP=ON. In some instances, the differences in pressure between a
single- and multi-threaded simulation with NOSLIP=ON could be significant. For some cases, the pressure could
even become negative and the case would stop. This is resolved. The results for a multi-threaded simulation with
NOSLIP=ON is now consistent with a single thread simulation. (OLGA-17190)
Threading in OLGA plug-in framework
A threading issue connected to the OLGA plug-in framework and user defined phases is identified and resolved.
An error could cause output related to statistical moments to give slightly different results each time the simulation
was run. This only occurred if the P-* class of output variables was plotted to at least two different plots (e.g.
TRENDPLOT, PROFILEPLOT, XYTDATA, OUTPUTDATA). (OLGA-17064)
December 2015
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Improved stability for OLGA plug-in framework

The stability of cases using user-defined plugin DLLs and running on multiple threads is improved. Some cases
which consistently stopped due to pressure or temperature out of PVT table range when they were run on multiple
threads, now run through completion and normal stop. (OLGA-17561)
DTCONTROL available for NODE and for SOURCE on flowpaths
You can now use DTCONTROL for the NODE keyword and a source can be used as position to activate time
step criteria on the keys MASS, ENERGY and VELFRONT.
For SOURCE: On a flowpath, the DTCONTOL keyword can be added to pipe, sections, and positions. Now, it is
possible also to specify the position using a source label.
Note, when the position is specified using a source label, the corresponding time step HT is reported through the
source and not through the flowpath. By default, the same DTCONTROL criteria are enabled as for flowpath.
To add the DTCONTROL keyword to a source, right-click the flowpath where the source is located and select
Add->FA-models->Dtcontrol. Specify the source label in the SOURCE key in the DTCONTROL keyword.
FOR NODE: To add the DTCONTROL keyword on a node, right-click the NODE in the Model browser and select
Add->FA-models->Dtcontrol. By default, no criteria are enabled.
The intended use is for submodelling. See the OLGA Submodelling guide for more information.
.vpc in OLGA simulations
Use the new key VPCFILE under the FILES keyword to include the database file type .vpc (Valve Performance
Clearinghouse) for OLGA simulations. The value of the key points to the location of the VPC database used with
the GASLIFTVALVE key on the LEAK keyword. (OLGA-16639)
Detect blocked flowpaths in networks with multiple nested closed loops
In networks with multiple nested closed loop, the functionality to detect blocked flowpaths caused OLGA to go in
an infinite loop, resulting in stack overflow. This is resolved. (OLGA-17493)
December 2015
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Minor fixes
ID
OLGA-16292
OLGA-15166
OLGA-15672
OLGA-16196
OLGA-16316
OLGA-16603
Improvement
The tooltip for the Bottom Depth column on the Discretize page is now updated to
indicate that the values shown are MD, not TVD.
In some cases OLGA could terminate when limiting the minimum speed of a pump
battery and the MINCAPACITY key was set to zero. This is resolved.
The NEQUIPIPE key on the PIPE keyword must now have a value greater than 0. If not,
the simulation stops and an error message is displayed.
OLGA now displays a message if SECTION in INITIALCONDITIONS is specified with
the value 0.
An error message is now displayed if XVARIABLE is OPEN or DELTAP and
YVARIABLE have an invalid value for TABLE in VALVE. Valid value is CV.
The tools listed on the Tool page in the OLGA GUI are reordered.
OLGA-17593
If you dragged an item from the Component bar, OLGA could sometimes drag the
neighbouring item instead. This is resolved.
OLGA-15953
The Comment field in the Diagram view would not keep its saved sized when you
reopened a case. This is resolved.
OLGA-15155
Introduced consistency check between keys given for NSEGMENT and LSEGMENT for
pipes.
OLGA-17471
A two-phase PVT table generated from a composition with water must specify the key
STDLIQDENSITY and not the STDOILDENSITY key. In all other cases,
STDOILDENSITY should be used. The OLGA user manual is revised.
OLGA-04996,
OLGA-11986,
Previously, TRANSMITTER labels could not contain a space. This is resolved.
OLGA-16826
If OLGA terminated during start-up of OLGA, a loop of start-up attempts could occur.
This is resolved.
OLGA-14457,
OLGA-15173
The Keep graph option for Profile plots could sometimes pin incorrect dataset. This is
resolved.
OLGA-16764
The following validation is now made for the PCOW and PCGO keys in Rocx:
PCOW Capillary pressure must be level or decreasing
PCGO Capillary pressure must be level or increasing
OLGA-16767
The error message Rocx PVT error, which is issued when the pressure or temperature
values are outside the values given in the PVT table, now reads Rocx PVT error:
Pressure/temperature outside table values.
OLGA-15243
If you opened a Well editor case from a template file, an error message could appear
the first time the Property editor was opened. This error message is now removed.
OLGA-16621
OLGA issues an error message and stops if there are grids with no elements in the
FEMTherm viewer.
OLGA-16189
OLGA would terminate of you deleted a used TRACERFEED keyword and then clicked
Verify. This is resolved.
OLGA-17335
When you create a new flowpath in the Pipeline editor, the BRANCH keyword is now
automatically created.
December 2015
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Fixed issues and minor enhancements in OLGA 2014.4
Backward compatibility
Restart and Server
See the Compatibility between restart versions under Restart and MODE-IN renamed to MODE under Server.
Drilling fluid
Compositional Tracking
When Compositional Tracking is used together with drilling fluid, the Non-Newtonian rheology parameters need to
be passed to the flow model. This was not correctly done in earlier versions of OLGA. This led to wall frictions
being calculated as a Newtonian fluid with an apparent viscosity. This is corrected, which may cause lower
frictions in the simulations. This does not apply when using Herschel-Bulkley nor when using the OLGA HD
model, as these do not use the rheology parameters. (OLGA-17941)
Well
Well editor model generation with connections point/internal node on boundaries
The Well editor model generation failed if you used connection points or internal nodes on the boundaries. The
flowpaths and nodes were not connected and all the keys appeared as not in use. This is fixed. (OLGA-17581)
Restart
Compatibility between restart versions
It is not allowed to load restart files previous to OLGA 2014.1 into OLGA 2015.1 or later version. This is due to
severe compatibility issues. (OLGA-18056)
Restart with compositional simulations
The composition at the separator inlet and outlets was not properly restored from restart for compositional cases
which contained a separator. This caused OLGA to stop with the following message Compositional Tracking PVT
routine failed. In addition, the composition calculated in a pressure boundary node could be incorrect after restart.
This could affect restart cases with backflow from the pressure boundary node. This is fixed. (OLGA-17303,
OLGA-17582)
Server
MODE-IN renamed to MODE
The CONTROLLER MODE exposed key name visible on the OPC server was renamed from MODE to MODE-IN
in OLGA 2014.3. This change is now reverted due to preserve backward compatibility. The MODE-IN key is now
called MODE when it is exposed on the OPC server. The functionality for these keys is unchanged. The
CONTROLLER SERVERDATA output key name is kept as MODE-OUT.
(OLGA-17933).
Trigger same commands twice on OPC server
On the OLGA OPC server, it was possible to trigger the same command while the first command was still
executing. This caused OLGA to execute the second command immediately after the first command was
executed.
Now, if a command is triggered while it is still executing, a warning is displayed in the OLGA console window and
in the LastNamespaceMessage string item on the OPC server. This warning states: Command '{name-ofcommand}' is already executing. (OLGA-17223)
December 2015
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Simulation speed improved after loading snap file from OLGA server case
If an OLGA server case contained the SCHEDULER keyword, the simulation speed could become very slow after
loading a snap file from an OLGA server case. This is fixed. The new solution does not affect simulation results.
(OLGA-17667)
Launch pig with LoadSnap command on OPC server
If a pig was launched with the LoadSnap command on the OPC server while there was already a pig in the
pipeline, OLGA would terminate. This is fixed. (OLGA-17684)
Loading of snap file improved
An OLGA case with scheduler would sometimes freeze after loading of a snap file. This is fixed. The update will
not influence the simulation results. (OLGA-17753).
Massflow sources for server cases updated by LoadSnap
The massflow in a massflow source for server cases was not affected by the LoadSnap command in the following
scenario:
1. The massflow in a massflow source was changed on the OPC server.
2. The SaveSnap command was triggered to record the change in the massflow in a snap file.
3. A second simulation using the exact same case file as used above was initiated, and simulated at least
one time step.
4. The snap file generated from the first simulation was loaded into the second simulation using the
LoadSnap command.
The expected outcome is that the massflow from the source in the second simulation is equal to the massflow
from the source in the first simulation. However, the massflow in the second case was not affected by the
LoadSnap command. This is fixed. (OLGA-17637, OLGA-17479)
LoadSnap from STATE_INITIALIZED
When using the LoadSnap command from STATE_INITIALIZED, the simulation would sometimes stop with
pressure or temperature above table values if the RunTimeStepAgain option was triggered. This is fixed. (OLGA17774)
Update output variables while loading snap file
When you loaded a snap file, output variables were updated in the following time step. This is fixed. Output
variables are now updated in the current time step. (OLGA-17892, 17768)
Output variable SPEED updated on OPC server
The SPEED output variable for scheduler was not updated on the OPC server when a scheduler case loaded a
restart file and the case file contained the INTEGRATION keyword with the STARTTIME key. This is fixed. Note
that the new solution may affect speed in hierarchic submodelling cases when loading restart files. (OLGA-17624)
Simulation speed after a SetTime command for OLGA server cases
The time to simulate to was not updated when the SetTime command was executed. Setting a lower time caused
OLGA to simulate as fast as possible until the simulation time caught up with the time to simulate. Thus, not
complying with any speed limit imposed by the SIMULATIONSPEED setting. Setting a higher time caused OLGA
to wait the amount of time dictated by the SIMULATIONSPEED setting. These issues are now resolved.
Note: If the SetTime command was carried out simultaneously with setting INITTIME or doing a LoadSnap, the t
setting would be updated and the issue above would not appear. (OLGA-18003)
Scheduler
Error message displayed when scheduler is idle
If a scheduler gets stuck in an idle state waiting for external clock update, an error message is now displayed:
December 2015
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INFO Simulation time (yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss.sss) has caught up with the external clock (yyyy-mm-dd
hh:mm:ss.sss). Waiting for update to external clock.
(OLGA-17976)
Speed
Improved speed on network cases with many internal nodes
Increased simulation time was observed for network cases containing many internal nodes in OLGA 2014.2. The
simulation time is now improved. (OLGA-17470)
Tools
Re-open .json files
Previously saved .json files could not be re-opened by the IO Configuration tool in OLGA. This is resolved.
(OLGA-17950)
December 2015
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Main enhancements
PARTICLEFLOW=ADVANCED for compositional simulations
The advanced model for particle flow can now run with the Compositional Tracking Module in addition to the
Inhibitor Tracking Module and standard simulations. (OLGA-15757)
Particle flow through leak
The key PARTICLEFLOW is now available in the LEAK keyword. This makes it possible to stop the flow of
particles through a leak. PARTICLEFLOW can be used with all types of leaks and both the advanced and the
simple model for particle flow. (OLGA-16733)
Tuning coefficients for the diffusivity of the layers
Three new keys, GASDIFFUSIVITY, OILDIFFUSIVITY and WATERDIFFUSIVITY are now available in the
PARTICLEOPTIONS keyword. Use these keys to tune the diffusivities used in the advanced model for particle
flow. In addition, these keys have an impact on the distribution of suspended particles in the phases, entrainment
and deposition between suspension and bed. For separated flow, setting the diffusivity of a layer (phase) to zero,
results in no suspended particles for the given layer and the layers above. (OLGA-16732)
Possible to expose keys on PIG keyword on the OPC server
The following keys for PIG can now be exposed on the OPC server:
STATICFORCE, WALLFRICTION, LINEARFRIC, QUADRATICFRIC, MASS, LEAKAGEFACTOR
In addition, signal terminals are added for these keys. (OLGA-15840)
Possible to specify ambient data using TABLES in OLGA
It is now possible to specify TAMBIENT, HAMBIENT and VELOCITY as TABLES. These tables can be used in
both HEATTRANSFER and AMBIENTDATA keywords via the following keys:
TAMBIENTTABLE - HAMBIENTTABLE - VELOCITYTABLE.
All three options can be a function of ELEVATION, DISTANCE or LENGTH in TABLES.
The type of interpolation used for a TABLE is defined by the type of X-value used:
VERTICAL, HORIZONTAL and LENGTH is used for ELEVATION, DISTANCE and LENGTH respectively.
This interpolation overrides the value specified in the HEATTRANSFER or AMBIENTDATA keywords. (OLGA16780)
Controllers
Multiple signals connected to a mass flow source
If you connected multiple signals of the type listed below to a mass flow source, then the source only accounted
for the last connected signal. These are the signals:
STDFLOWRATE, MOLWEIGHT, GLR, GOR, CGR, WATERCUT and WGR.
This is fixed. (OLGA-16864)
MODE and TIME for ESD and PSV controller
OLGA now validates if the MODE series has the same length as the TIME series for ESD and PSV controllers. If
the length differs, an error message is displayed and the case cannot be started. (OLGA-16775)
Terminal GETMODE for signal connections
Previously, the GETMODE terminal did not reflect the mode of the controller. Instead, the value from the CONTR
terminal was erroneously used. This is fixed. (OLGA-16976)
December 2015
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Triggering ESD and PSV controllers

The ESD/PSV controllers could sometimes be triggered by the results from the Steady state preprocessor even if
a measured value was not above/below SETPOINT. This is fixed. (OLGA-16983)
Evaluating controllers
Controllers that are neither directly nor indirectly dependent on the flow network (i.e. not in any way dependent on
transmitter outputs) are now evaluated before the flow network is evaluated. As a result of this, the BIAS setting
for controllers in flow-independent signal networks will not be used as the controller output can be evaluated
directly from the controller inputs. OLGA will print a message whenever a controller does not use its BIAS setting.
(OLGA-09170)
Controller connected to a key without default value
A case would not load into the OLGA GUI if it contained a controller connected to a key without a default value.
This only applied to some keys, as INTAMBIENT and OUTTAMBIENT for HEATTRANSFER. This error message
was displayed: Input string was not in correct format. This is fixed. (OLGA-15523)
ASC controller in restart of server snap files
If you used an ASC controller in a case, OLGA would terminate if you loaded a restart file or server snap file. This
is fixed. The ASC controller now also works for restart in batch mode and server LOAD_SNAP situations. (OLGA16802)
Multiflash files with components starting with numbers
If Multiflash files (.mfl) contained components starting with a number (e.g. 2-METHYLPROPANE), and this was
the same number of a component in the .mfl file (e.g. the second component for 2-METHYLPROPANE), these
components would not be visible in plots or in keywords (e.g. FEED and COMPOPTIONS) through the
COMPONENT key. This is fixed. Simulation results are not affected. (OLGA-17006)
Input/Output
Output variables for accumulated volume flow at standard conditions
The following output variables are now available:
Output variable
Description
ACCQGST
Accumulated gas volume flow at standard conditions
ACCQOST
Accumulated oil volume flow at standard conditions
ACCQWST
Accumulated water volume flow at standard conditions
ACCQLST
Accumulated liquid volume flow at standard conditions
ACCQGSTSOUR
Source accumulated source gas volume flow at standard conditions
ACCQOSTSOUR
Source accumulated source oil volume flow at standard conditions
ACCQWSTSOUR
Source accumulated source water volume flow at standard conditions
ACCQLSTSOUR
Source accumulated source liquid volume flow at standard conditions
ACCQGSTWELL
Well accumulated well gas volume flow at standard conditions
ACCQOSTWELL
Well accumulated well oil volume flow at standard conditions
ACCQWSTWELL
Well accumulated well water volume flow at standard conditions
ACCQLSTWELL
Well accumulated well liquid volume flow at standard conditions
(OLGA-17325)
Use TRANSMITTER as equipment in TRENDDATA and SERVERDATA
When connecting transmitters to pressure nodes, separators, phase split nodes, stand nodes, bit nodes and jet
pumps, you can now select the transmitter as an equipment on the TRENDDATA and SERVERDATA keywords
December 2015
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on the node. This makes it possible to plot the OUTPUT variable from the transmitter in all these components.
Previously, this functionality was only available on flowpaths.
Output files from ANIMATE
The ANIMATE keyword can potentially generate very large output files (.hf5). Therefore, the default value is now
changed from ON to OFF when creating new cases from the following templates: Empty case, Basic case, Basic
Network case and cases with OPC server. (OLGA-17168)
Trend, profile and output data for Interactive mode
Trend, profile and output data was written twice at the end of a simulation when running in Interactive mode or in
Server mode with STOPATENDTIME=ON. This is fixed. (OLGA-15786)
Plot variables defined in SERVERDATA keywords
Previously, it was not possible to plot the variables defined in SERVERDATA keywords when a list of pipes and/or
a range of sections was selected. This is fixed. (OLGA-17012)
Output variable VOLGBL
If VOLGBL was simultaneously used in both TRENDDATA and SERVERDATA, then at least one of the output
variables would show an incorrect result. Note that this error did not occur if you only used either TRENDDATA or
SERVERDATA. Now, VOLGBL produces correct values when TRENDDATA and SERVERDATA are used
simultaneously. (OLGA-15786)
Standard conditions volumetric flow rate output variables at last boundary on a flowpath
Plotting volumetric flowrate variables, such as QGST, at the last boundary on a flowpath would not give the value
for the last section boundary. Instead, the value for the second last boundary was used. This is fixed. (OLGA17325)
New output variable for plotting pressure differences across pigs
The output variable DPPIG can now be used for plotting pressure difference across a pig. (OLGA-15840)
Calculation of ACCGLTWL and ACCGLTWS
The calculation of the wax output variables ACCGLTWL and ACCGLTWS was not stable (i.e. not thread-safe).
Due to this, the variables could give slightly different values with each simulation of the same case. This did
however not affect the simulation; it was only an output issue. This is fixed. The calculation of ACCGLTWL and
ACCGLTWS is now stable. (OLGA-16479)
Surge liquid volumes in trend plots
You can now output trend plots of surge liquid volumes directly in OLGA with a given maximum drainage rate.
The maximum drainage rate used is specified with the keys SURGEVOL_LTQMAX, SURGEVOL_WTQMAX and
SURGEVOL_HLQMAX.
To request the output, add the variables SURGEVOLLT, SURGEVOLHLWT, SURGEVOLWT or SURGEVOLHL
to the trend plots. SURGEVOLHLWT is the sum of the oil and water surge volumes using the specified phase
drainage rates for oil and water.
The maximum values can also be plotted. Use SURGEVOLLTMAX, SURGEVOLHLWTMAX,
SURGEVOLWTMAX and SURGEVOLHLMAX to plot these values.
The purpose of this is to supplement the post processed output from the OLGA GUI based on ACCLIQ, etc. This
can for instance be used as a target parameter in RMO. (OLGA-16829)
Calculating the upstream enthalpy and equilibrium mass fractions for a leak
The upstream enthalpy and equilibrium mass fractions for a leak were calculated based on the upstream pressure
and downstream temperature when the leak flow was from the TOPOSITION to the leak POSITION. This would
result in an error in the temperature and phase mass flow rate. The impact of this error on the simulation results
depends on the difference between the upstream and downstream pressures and degree of Joule-Thomson
effect. Now, the enthalpy and equilibrium mass fractions are calculated with the upstream pressure and
temperature. (OLGA-17368)
December 2015
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OPC server
Distinguish between input and output in OPC item names for MODE on CONTROLLER
The controller MODE key is both an exposed input variable and an output variable. In an OPC client, the two
associated OPC items cannot be distinguished. Therefore, these items are now renamed MODE-IN for exposed
input values and MODE-OUT for the server output variable. (OLGA-16426)
Pig launch controlled by controller
Previously, the OPC Launch command was available for a pig even when the launch was controlled by a
controller. Now, the OPC Launch command is no longer visible when the pig launch is controlled by a controller.
(OLGA-16253)
Alter the array size of exposed key values
OLGA could terminate if you attempted to alter the array size of an exposed key value. The array size of an
exposed key value is set up based on the input file and should not be changed. Now, OLGA will not terminated if
you alter the array size of values on the OPC server. Instead, the OPC input item Quality is set to Uncertain. This
states that the input is incorrect. (OLGA-16651)
Event log for server cases
The following changes are made to the Event log for cases run as a service:
Simulation progress and scheduler time is now written to the Event log only once per hour (wall clock time).
The event SERVICE_CONTROL_INTERROGATE does not appear in the Event log.

(OLGA-17089)
.xml file for OPC server set to Read-only
OLGA would terminate if the .xml file generated by the OLGA OPC server existed and was set to Read-only when
a simulation started. This is fixed. A warning is now issued. (OLGA-16989)
OLGA GUI
Group functionality no longer available
The Group functionality in OLGA is discontinued as of OLGA 2014.3. All cases in previous OLGA versions that
contain a group, will have the content of the group moved to the Diagram view. Note that other content in the
Diagram view may be reorganized in order to keep a tidy appearance of the case. (OLGA-17141)
Reports with large images
If the Diagram view contained a very large network, the OLGA GUI could terminate if a report was generated.
This occurred if the dimensions of the image representing the network in the report caused memory issues. This
is fixed. (OLGA-10937)
Error message in Output window
No error message was displayed in the Output window in the OLGA GUI if a simulation was unable to run in
Interactive mode. This is fixed. An error message is now displayed. (OLGA-13729)
Messages in Output window
The messages displayed in the Output window when you run an Interactive simulation are improved. Previously,
some unrelated information could be displayed. (OLGA-14487)
Copy interactive plots, values and comments
Several issues occurred if you copied comments, interactive plots or values in the Diagram view. For instance,
plots would disappear when you saved a case and text could be overwritten for comments. This is fixed. (OLGA15524)
December 2015
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Keep comments, interactive plots and values during conversion

Comments, interactive plots and interactive values were removed from a case when it was converted from OLGA
7.3.x and older versions, to OLGA 2014.1. This is fixed. Any comments, plots and values are kept. (OLGA-17229)
Undo multi-selected objects in Diagram view
If you selected several objects in the Diagram view, moved the objects and then selected Undo, the changes
would not be undone. This is fixed. (OLGA-16605)
Change units in Local instances or Global instances windows
When you changed the unit on a transmitter variable through the Local or Global instances window, the unit would
not be updated. This is fixed. (OLGA-17019)
Correct simulation state after disconnecting components
If you disconnected and then reconnected components in the Diagram view, the simulation state would not be
correct (Runnable/Not runnable). This is fixed. (OLGA-10886)
Editing in Time series window
Previously, a case could become not runnable if you edited or deleted elements in the Time series window. This
is fixed. (OLGA-15203)
Particle flow
Adjustment of the advanced model for particle flow
Previously, there was a limitation to the gradient of the particle concentration profile in the numerical computation
of the suspended particle concentration profile. The maximum allowed decrease of the particle concentration
between two points was 90 % of the concentration in the first point. This limit is now removed. This change is not
likely to have an impact on simulation results, except for on the amount of suspended particles in gas. For cases
which previously had small concentrations of particles suspended in the gas, it is likely that there will be no
particles suspended in the gas. (OLGA-16732)
Reduction of average concentration of particles in the fluid layers at high velocity and high particle flowrate
The maximum boundary concentration at the top of bed is reduced from 1 to 0.65 in calculating the entrainment
rate. This change reduces the average concentration of particles in the fluid layers at high velocity and high
particle flowrate. (OLGA-17396)
Pumps
Pump frequency in ESP database file
If PREFSPEED is not given, the pump speed is now scaled with the controller signal and pump rated speed for
ESP pumps. This is given in the pump database file as the frequency and the controller signal.
I.e., pump speed = rated speed*controller signal.
Previously, if PREFSPEED was not given, then the speed was calculated by scaling between maximum and
minimum speed. However, the maximum and minimum speed was not accessible to the end user.
The new solution is now according to the description given in PREFSPEED.
This change will affect simulation results for cases with ESP pump where PREFSPEED is not given by the user.
(OLGA-16892)
December 2015
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Pig
Tuning of oil-wax viscosity in pigging simulations
The oil-wax viscosity tuning parameters either given in the wax table file or through the WAXDEPOSITION keys
VISCMULTD, VISCMULTE or VISCMULTF are now also used in the wax plug rheology model for wax plugs
formed when pigging. (OLGA-16740)
Better initial value for output variables PIGWXPLASTV and PIGWXYIELDS
Previously, the output variables PIGWXPLASTV and PIGWXYIELDS could have an erroneous and negative
value when a pig was inserted. This is fixed. These variables now have the correct initial values. This only
affected the output variable, and had no effect on the simulation. (OLGA-16740)
Process equipment
KTHROAT set to zero for Jet pump
The pressure gain in the mixing tube and the diffuser was not calculated when KTHROAT was set to zero for a
Jet pump. This is fixed. You can now set KTHROAT to zero. (OLGA-17187)
Transition from critical to subcritical flow in Jet pump suction inlet
An error occurred in handling the transition from critical flow to subcritical flow in the Jet pump suction inlet. Once
the suction went into the critical flow, it would not return to subcritical flow as the downstream pressure increased.
In-situ mass flow rate in a leak is converted to the volumetric flow rate
When the in-situ mass flow rate in a leak is converted to the volumetric flow rate at the standard conditions, the insitu gas mass fraction is now used to determine the amount of water vapour in the gas phase. Previously, the
equilibrium gas mass fraction from the PVT table was erroneously used. Note: This only affects output. (OLGA16192)
Scheduler/Submodel
Improved input verification of submodelling cases
OLGA will now present warning and error messages if the following input is not correctly entered:
If a case includes submodels and does not specify both the SERVEROPTIONS and SCHEDULER
keywords.
If a submodel does not specify the SERVEROPTIONS keyword.
If a case specifies the SCHEDULER keyword and there are no submodels.

(OLGA-16596)
Tools
Folders in the OLGA Excel Tool
An error would occur if the template from the OLGA Excel tool (OLGAExcel.xltx) was located in a different folder
than the Excel document (OLGAExcelTool.vsto). This is fixed. The template and the document now may be in
different folders. (OLGA-16698)
Improved speed when opening a Pipeline editor tab
Previously, it could be time consuming to activate the Pipeline editor tab if a case contained several flowpaths.
The speed for this is now improved. (OLGA-17200)
Paste table into Pipeline editor
The following issues occurred in the table on the Profile page in the Pipeline editor:
December 2015
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OLGA could terminate if you pasted data after a unit had been changed in OLGA.
An error occurred if you pasted data and the unit was different from the SI unit defined in the Pipeline
editor.
Plot in the Flowpath geometry data view
Previously, the visualization of a flowpath in the Flowpath geometry data view was incorrect if the pipes were
given with values for x, y, z and the unit for XSTART, YSTART and/or ZSTART was given in a unit different from
the default length unit. This is fixed. (OLGA-17175)
Units displayed correctly in Flowpath geometry data view
Units entered in upper case letters in an .opi file were incorrectly displayed in the lists in the Flowpath geometry
data view. This is fixed. (OLGA-16952)
Improved speed in Flowpath geometry data view
The speed is improved when you change a unit in a flowpath with many pipes in the Flowpath geometry data
view. (OLGA-16985)
Delete pipes in Flowpath geometry data view
The OLGA GUI would terminate if you deleted all pipes in the Flowpath geometry data view while the X start and
Y start fields had a value different from zero. This is fixed. (OLGA-17317)
Disable configurations in IO Configuration tool
The check box Disable is added to the IO Configuration tool. Select this check box to disable a configuration item.
(OLGA-16464)
Faster load of cases with IO Configurations
The speed is improved when loading a case where an IO Configuration is applied. (OLGA-16901)
Set unit for variables in IO Configuration tool
In the IO Configuration tool, you can now set a unit for profile, trend and server data variables. The column Unit is
available in the Select variables window. (OLGA-14751)
Valve
Updated gas fraction in throat for subcritical flow rate
For the valve model HYDROVALVE with EQUILIBRIUMMODEL = HENRYFAUSKE, the gas fraction in throat for
subcritical flow rate is updated in accordance with equation (24) in the paper: R.E. Henry and H.K. Fauske: "The
two-phase critical flow of one-component mixtures in nozzles, orifices and short tubes." - Journal of Heat
Transfer, May 1971, p. 179-187.
(OLGA-16946)
Transitions from subcritical to critical flow
Previously, the output variable NCRITTR (number of transitions from subcritical to critical flow) counted all
transitions from subcritical to critical flow rate, including transitions computed internally when solving the flow
through the valve. The output is now updated. Only the effective transitions are included. (OLGA-16778)
Well editor
Well editor arranging wells in a network
If you had one or several wells in a network, the whole case would be auto-arranged if you switched between the
different Well editor tabs and the Diagram view. All efforts of rearranging the network layout would be ignored.
This is improved. A case is now only auto-arranged when a well has been generated and the well is the only
December 2015
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object with flowpaths in the network. If you regenerate a well that is part of a network, the layout of the network
will not be auto-arranged. In such cases, the layout must be manually arranged by the user. (OLGA-17150)
Well editor and Pipeline editor message
The reminder which is displayed if you close the Well editor or Pipeline editor without generating the model is
improved. The text Don't show this again is now replaced with Don't show this option again (model will not be
generated when leaving the editor). (OLGA-17234)
Warning message when leaving the Well editor without updates
If you toggle the Well editor in the OLGA GUI, a warning message informs that the model has changed since you
last generated the well's OLGA model. This warning message did sometimes appear when the well model had not
been changed. This is fixed. (OLGA-17233)
Well editor and Pipeline editor message for changed model
When opening the Well editor or Pipeline editor, a message could erroneously state that the model had been
changed outside the editor. This would typically occur if you had two similar cases open in the same project. For
instance two cases created from the same template. A change in one case could issue a warning for the other
case. This is fixed. (OLGA-17235)
General
Import a case and send to support
OLGA would terminate if you imported a .genkey file into the OLGA GUI and then attempted to send the case to
support. This error did not occur for .opi and .key files. This is fixed. (OLGA-16849)
December 2015
Page 37
Enhancements in OLGA 2014.2

Jet pump model available
A Jet pump model is now available in OLGA. The Jet pump connects three flowpaths: a high-pressure (power
fluid) flowpath, a low-pressure (suction fluid) flowpath and an outlet flowpath where the mixture of power- and
suction fluid flows out. The purpose of the Jet pump is to model the flow of a high-pressure power fluid through a
nozzle, thereby creating a suction experienced by the low-pressure fluid. The mix of the two fluids flows through a
mixing tube and a diffuser. This is where the pressure is recovered. The Jet pump model computes the pressure
changes as the fluids flow through the different parts of the Jet pump. Thus, enabling computations of the overall
ability of the Jet pump to lift the suction fluid, as well as the dynamic response on the entire simulation flow
network. Single and multiphase fluids can be used in any of the flowpaths. (OLGA-16770)
Venturi valve model available
The Venturi valve is now available as a new valve model in OLGA. It is available as process equipment in OLGA.
In addition, the new valve type ALGAVENTURI is available for LEAK. The Venturi valve model assumes a gradual
flowing area contraction followed by a gradual flowing area expansion. The Bernoulli equation (conservation of
energy) is used to relate throat conditions to downstream conditions. (OLGA-16855)
Piston pump
The Pump battery functionality has been extended to facilitate modelling of piston type pumps. In order to handle
gas-liquid systems, the volumetric efficiency of the pump can be taken into account. The evaluation of the
volumetric efficiency is facilitated by the new input key CLEARANCERATIO that specifies the ratio between the
pump's clearance volume and its swept volume. (OLGA-16032, 16176)
December 2015
Page 38
Controller
Attaching several inputs to SWITCHCONTROLLER or ALGEBRAICCONTROLLER
When attaching more than 9 inputs to a SWITCHCONTROLLER or an ALGEBRAICCONTROLLER, the ordering
of the terminals was disarranged. This resulted in faulty logic for these controllers.
For the SWITCHCONTROLLER, the provided set point would not yield the correct output from the corresponding
INPSIG terminal.
For the ALGEBRAICCONTNROLLER, the input terminals would be disarranged. This resulted in incorrect inputs
for the defined operations, leading to erroneous output. This is fixed. (OLGA-16640)
Variable function LOG10 in ALGEBRAIC controller
Using the LOG10 function in VARIABLEFUNCTION in the ALGEBRAIC controller caused OLGA to terminate in
initialization. This is fixed. (OLGA-16833)
STROKETIME change in a restart case with no effect for controllers
If you made a change to the STROKETIME key in a restart case in OLGA 2014.1, the change was not taken into
account.
Workaround:
Use the OPENINGTIME and CLOSINGTIME keys instead. (OLGA-16704)
Key values changes in a restart case with no effect for some controllers
In OLGA 2014.1, an issue was introduced for cases using the restart functionality. The only cases affected were
those where controller definitions change between the original case (the case used to generate the .rsw file) and
the restart case (the case using the pre-generated .rsw file). In addition, the key STARTTIME had to be zero.
Workaround:
Change STARTTIME from zero to a different value.
The list below shows the combinations of key/ controller where this error occurred. Any updates done to these
keys in the restart case will have no effect. The key value from the original case will be used in the restart
simulation. This is fixed. (OLGA-16704)
December 2015
Key / Controller
PID
Page 39
Override
PSV
Scaler
AMP1
ESD
AMP2
AMPLIFICATION
BIAS
CLOSINGTIME
DELAY
DERIVATIVECONST
ERROR
HIGHLIMIT
INTEGRALCONST
ASC
X
X
LOWLIMIT
MANUALOUTPUT
MAXCHANGE
MAXSIGNAL
MINSIGNAL
MODE
NORMRANGE
OPENINGTIME
X
X
RESET
SAMPLETIME
SETPOINT
X
X
Output from controllers in restart cases

When a new controller was introduced in a restart case in OLGA 2014.1, the first output of that controller was
always zero. In addition, the key STARTTIME had to be zero. This would impact simulation results. In particular, if
the controllers used long stroke times, it could take a long time before reaching the expected output. This is fixed.
Workaround:
Change STARTTIME from zero to a different value.
(OLGA-16712)
Controller signal initialisation in restart
When starting a simulation from a restart file, the model is first completely initialized before data is retrieved from
the restart file. In OLGA 2014.1, the initialization step could lead to an error that would terminate the simulation if
a controller signal was connected to a key where zero is not a valid input. For example, a manual controller
controlling the OILDENSITY key on the TUNING keyword. This is fixed. Note: The results are not affected for
cases that run. (OLGA-16655)
BIAS key setting and controller output
When a new controller was introduced with a BIAS key in a restart case in OLGA 2014.1, the initial controller
output was not equal to the BIAS setting. Instead, the output was as if the time had already been integrated one
time step ahead (i.e. evaluated too early). This is fixed. (OLGA-16751)
Fixed issue when Multiflash feed file only contained oil and gas
Due to an error in the OLGA Engine, Compositional Tracking simulations could not use Multiflash feed files (.mfl)
that did not contain a definition of the water phase. This is fixed. Feed files with only oil and gas phases defined
can now be used. (OLGA-16612)
December 2015
Page 40
Components not properly displayed in Diagram view

Previously, if the Multiflash feed file (.mfl) contained information about the characterization procedure, the
components of the fluid were not displayed correctly in the Diagram view in the OLGA GUI. This is fixed. (OLGA16730)
Speed in OLGA Compositional Tracking using Multiflash
An issue in the Multiflash PVT package made some OLGA Compositional Tracking cases run slower in 2014.1
when using SIMPLETHREEPHASE and INERTTHREEPHASE flash. This is fixed. (OLGA-16869)
Improved error message
The message which is displayed when you try to initialize a faulty Multiflash feed file (.mfl) is improved. The new
message is: Error in initializing Multiflash. This is probably due to an error in the Multiflash feed file (.mfl). Please
make sure that your components, equation of state and transport property methods are properly defined. (OLGA16153)
Fluid properties
TOTALWATERFRACTION for WELL
The amount of water was not properly computed if you used the TOTALWATERFRACTION and GOR keys on the
WELL keyword together with a three-phase PVT table to specify the amount of water for a gas-water system. (I.e.
setting a very high value for GOR.) This is fixed. (OLGA-15279)
Fixed format fluid table files without Dew or Bubble point lines
If you used a fixed format fluid table file without either Dew or Bubble points lines, the simulation stopped during
initialization with the message: Error in the input file: Data not recognized when reading gas density. The Dew and
Bubble point lines are no longer required in fixed format fluid table files. (OLGA-15932)
Heated walls
Labels on heated walls
An issue occurred if you used more than one controller-regulated heated wall in a single flowpath. If the label of
one of the controlled walls started with the label of another heated wall, the input signal to the latter wall would be
overridden with the signal from the first. For instance: The controller signal to the wall with LABEL= wall_11 would
also be used by the wall with LABEL=wall_1. This is fixed. (OLGA-17102)
Input/Output
Output variables for internal nodes
PT and TM were not available as output variables on internal nodes. This is fixed. (OLGA-16616)
DTPLOT and NTPLOT not required for TREND WRITEFILE=OFF
The keys DTPLOT or NTPLOT are no longer required when TREND WRITEFILE=OFF. These keys are now
disabled if TREND WRITEFILE=OFF. (OLGA-15770)
MINDT and MAXDT as time series
Previously, when MINDT and/or MAXDT were given as a time series, the values were not correctly interpreted by
OLGA. This could lead to incorrect time steps being used in the simulation as they were not correctly limited by
the current MINDT/MAXDT values. This is fixed. (OLGA-15688)
Pipe diameter changes within annulus
If changes made to the pipe diameter within an annulus cause the pipes to cross, the simulation now stops. This
will for instance occur if a pipe defined as outside in one segment is changed and defined as inside in a different
segment on the flowpath. (OLGA-15348)
December 2015
Page 41
Varying diameters on pipe segment with solid bundle

The solid bundle model assumes that the outer pipe diameter does not change along the length of the bundle.
Previously, the input validation did not include this restraint. If you define pipe segments with varying diameters
within a solid bundle, an error message is now displayed and the simulation will not start. (OLGA-13153)
Near well
Volume error correction term in Rocx
The semi-implicit solution scheme in Rocx results in a minor numerical error which manifests itself as an error in
the local fluid volume. This volume error is corrected for over a period of time. The calculation of the volume error
correction term is now improved. All earlier versions included a calculation method which could cause numerical
instabilities. This is fixed. (OLGA-16243)
OLGA GUI
Renamed option in View menu
The options Model View and Properties in the View menu in the OLGA GUI are joined and renamed to Model
Browser. (OLGA-14467)
Copy/paste of connected signals
The correct sequence of connected signals was not kept when copying/pasting controllers in the OLGA GUI. This
sequence is important, e.g. for the Algebraic and Switch controllers. This is fixed. (OLGA-15865)
OPC server/Scheduler
OLGA failed to start as a service
When SERVEROPTIONS was specified, but SERVERNAME was not given, OLGA would fail to register and start
as a service. This is fixed. The default value for SERVERNAME is now used if no other value is given. (OLGA16728)
Exposed Feed variables on SOURCE and NODE
For SOURCE and NODE, FEED key values (e.g. FEEDMASSFLOW) are now exposed on the OPC server as a
list of values. These values are retrieved from the first entry of the feeds in the time series input. Previously, they
were displayed as a scalar value.
There is still an issue when updating these values from an OPC client. Only the first entry in the time series input
is updated for the feeds.
Workaround:
Remove the time series on FEED key values from the Property window in OLGA. (OLGA-16033)
OLGA services registered with description OLGA
OLGA services are now registered with the description OLGA. This will make it easier to find the OLGA service in
the Services snap-in in the Microsoft Management Console. (OLGA-16691)
Simultaneous update of SERVERDATA with the same DTPLOT
All SERVERDATA keywords with the same DTPLOT value are now updated as a single transaction on the OPC
server. Previously, these updates were not bound to the same transaction and it was possible to sample values
with inconsistent time stamps from the OPC server. All time stamps should now be consistent. (OLGA-16550)
Adding input/output items to the OPC server
The OLGA OPC server sometimes terminated in the initialization phase when adding input and output items to
the OPC server. This is fixed. (OLGA-16653, 16660)
December 2015
Page 42
Compositional SERVERDATA incorrectly displayed on the OPC server

Compositional SERVERDATA was incorrectly displayed on the OPC server as a random number and list of
component values. This is fixed. (OLGA-16652)
Timeout for submodelling cases
When running large submodelling cases, the 10 second timeout was not sufficient for the simulation to start. This
timeout has now been increased to 60 seconds. (OLGA-15916)
Improved start-up of OLGA submodel case used as a service
The start-up time is improved for OLGA submodel cases which are registered as a service. (OSE-302)
Improved feedback for scheduler cases
The feedback issued when a submodel exits for a scheduler case is improved. New message is: Scheduler going
down due to submodel crash. (OSE-264)
OLGA server simulation with multiple variables and exposed keys
An OLGA server simulation could sometimes hang, typically if the case was a submodelling case with multiple
output variables and exposed keys. This issue would identify itself with a console message beginning with Internal
message congestion, size of queue... which would only be visible when simulating with OPTIONS
DEBUG=Limited or ON. This is fixed. (OSE-353)
Message given when OPC server successfully registered, unregistered or initialized
If the OPC server is successfully registered, unregistered or initialized, the message INFO Successfully
registered/unregistered/initialized is printed in the console window of each case. (OSE-360)
Removed command line parameters
The command line parameters service and stickOpc are no longer available in OLGA.
If you have used these command line parameters, you must do the following:
1. Before you upgrade OLGA, run the case without stickOpc and service. This removes the OPC server
and the service, if installed.
Note: If you remove the older version of OLGA before you uninstall the OLGA OPC server, you are not
able to start the OLGA server case with OLGA 2014.1.
2. When step 1 is performed, you can register the OLGA case with the new server commands regServer
or regService. Note that the DCOM setting for the OPC server is overwritten with the default settings
when you re-register the OPC server.
New command line parameters
The new command line parameters listed below are used to preregister an OLGA case as an OPC server or to
remove an OLGA case as an OPC server. See also the OPC server guide.
-regServer
This parameter is used to register an OLGA case as an OPC server.
-regService
This parameter is used to register an OLGA case as an OPC server where OLGA runs as a Windows service.
-unreg
This parameter is used to unregister an OLGA server or Windows service.
-start
This parameter is used to start an OLGA case already registered as an OPC server.
December 2015
Page 43
-stop
This parameter is used to stop a running registered service. This only applies when the OLGA case is registered
as a Windows service.
These parameters are typically used in OLGA server solutions where it is important to:
Keep OPC server information to make sure DCOM security settings are not removed when OLGA
terminates.
Avoid OLGA terminating when e.g. the user logs off the computer.
Note: These parameters are not available through the OLGA GUI.
(OSE-232)
Command line parameters to use with submodelling
The command line parameters listed above are inherited by external submodels. I.e submodels not contained in
the same case as the scheduler.
For example: If you run -regService on a scheduler case, then external submodels will also be registered as
Windows services.
Command line parameters to use with other command line options
-regServer and -regService can be used together with other command line options.
For regService, the Windows service has the same name as the OPC server.
-start, -stop and -unreg command line options
-start, -stop and -unreg can only be used together with ServerName. For example:
OLGA.exe -start ServerName
OLGA.exe -stop ServerName
OLGA.exe -unreg ServerName
Typical service use (In BO_SchedUsDs.key is SERVEROPTIONS.SERVERNAME = ScheduleUSandDS):
OLGA.exe "C:\caseDir\BO_SchedUsDs.key" -regService -serverNamePrefix AAA
OLGA.exe -start AAAScheduleUSandDS.
(When an OLGA case runs as a service, the OLGA console is not available and output to console is written to the
Windows Application event log instead.)
OLGA.exe -stop AAAScheduleUSandDS
OLGA.exe -unreg AAAScheduleUSandDS
Typical server use (In BO_SchedUsDs.key is SERVEROPTIONS.SERVERNAME = ScheduleUSandDS):
OLGA.exe "C:\caseDir\BO_SchedUsDs.key" -regServer -serverNamePrefix AAA
OLGA.exe -start AAAScheduleUSandDS
If a ServerName is already registered as a server/service, OLGA yields an error message when you try to run the
case.
OLGA.exe "C:\caseDir\BO_SchedUsDs.key" -serverNamePrefix AAA (Will cause an error)
This sequence will work:
OLGA.exe "C:\caseDir\BO_SchedUsDs.key" -serverNamePrefix AAA
December 2015
Page 44
Plotting
Displaying branch variables for interactive simulations
When specifying the variable WATC (and other branch variables) on a flowpath for use in interactive simulations,
OLGA interpreted this as a profile variable in the plotting. This is fixed. WATC (and other branch variables) on a
flowpath is now displayed as a trend variable in the interactive plot. (OLGA-16247)
Plug-in
OLGA Plug-in interface updated
The OLGA Plug-in interface is updated with the following changes:
A new data structure is available as input to the .dll file with information to identify the CV position.
(OLGA-11361)
Pipe wall roughness is added as both input and output of the .dll file. (OLGA-11361)
You can define output variables in the .dll file. (OLGA-11404)
The overall heat transfer coefficient is added as both input and output of the .dll file. (OLGA-13177)
In the .dll file, you can disable stages that are not used. This speeds up calculations. (OLGA-13713)
A new tutorial is available in the Plug-in package to demonstrate the use of size bins to describe a
population of particles, using simplistic size-, angle-, and flow dependent sand deposition/entrainment
models and modifying overall heat transfer coefficient depending on bed layer. (OLGA-13800)
New tutorials are added for the new features.
In addition, the following fixes and corrections are made to the OLGA Plug-in interface variables:
In the OLGA Plug-in interface you can update the masses before the energy equation is solved. This is
done through the use of a flag in the Flash stage. The structured data layer presented two different
output variables for this purpose. However, neither of these was coupled to the OLGA Engine. This is
fixed. Now, only one variable is present and coupled to the OLGA Engine. (OLGA-13774)
The heat transfer interface contained indexing errors when entering the masses, field velocities and
phase properties to the input vector and the HeatTransferCoeffInput data structure. This is fixed. (OLGA13852)
Plug-in examples: An error occurred when mapping the particle diameter and particle concentration to
the input structure for the flash stage. This is fixed. (OLGA-13915)
For cases where user defined phases are defined in another sequence in the input file than in the .dll file,
the mapping of user defined phases was not correct. This is fixed. (OLGA-13988)
Note that the updates made to Plug-in originate from the HORIZON II R&D program.
Steady state preprocessor

SLUGVOID correlations in the Steady state preprocessor
The correlation selected for the SLUGVOID key under the OPTIONS keyword was ignored in the Steady state
preprocessor, i.e., the SINTEF correlation was used even when AIR was selected. This is fixed. The correlation
specified through the SLUGVOID key is used both by the Steady state preprocessor and in the dynamic
simulation. (OLGA-16112)
Tools
Reset zoom button added to Summary page in Profile generator
A Reset zoom button is now added to the Summary page in the Profile generator. Use this button to reset a plot
to normal view if you have zoomed in on a profile. (OLGA-16598)
December 2015
Page 45
Added Angle distribution plot to Profile generator

An Angle distribution plot is added to the Import and Filtering pages:
On the Import page, the plot shows the Angle distribution plot for the original profile under the default
angle group.
On the Filtering page, the plot shows the Angle distribution plot for the filtered profile under the default
angle group. If filtering has not been applied, it shows the Angle distribution plot for the original profile.
(OLGA-16594)
Angle distribution plot is not displayed when opening a saved .gml file in the Profile generator
In 2014.2, when you opened a saved .gml file in the Profile generator, the angle distribution plots were not
displayed on the Import and Filtering pages. This is fixed. (OLGA-17508)
Different units in Flowpath geometry data view
If you used different units on the columns Length, X, Y, and/or Length of sections in the Flowpath geometry data
view, the results of the Discretize and Reverse functions may have been incorrect. For example, if you changed
the Length unit to centimetres and discretized in the Basic case, then the Length of sections would be too long.
Mixing pipes in plot in Flowpath geometry data view
Previously, the plot in the Flowpath geometry data view could not handle mixing pipes specified with
Length/Elevation and X/Y/Z. This is fixed. (OLGA-16590)
View section length ratio in the plot in the Flowpath geometry data view
You can now toggle the section length ratio in the plot in the Flowpath geometry data view. Click the Toggle
section length ratio button to show the length ratios of each pipe section to its previous section. The
recommended ratio range between 0.5 and 2 is highlighted in the Flowpath plot. (OLGA-16295)
Show/hide pipe walls in Flowpath plot in Flowpath geometry data view
You can now show/hide pipe walls in the Flowpath plot in the Flowpath geometry data view. Click the Toggle pipe
walls button to show different walls in different colors in the plot. (OLGA-16296)
Update units in Pipeline editor
If the temperature unit for Ambient temperature on the Ambient page in Pipeline editor was changed, the unit in
the plot was not updated. This is fixed. The plot is now instantly updated when the unit is changed. (OLGA-16368)
Transmitter
Space in TRANSMITTER labels
Previously, TRANSMITTER labels could not contain a space. This is fixed. (OLGA-04996, OLGA-11986, OLGA15785)
Tuning
Tuning of TAMBIENT
Tuning of TAMBIENT did not work when TEMPERATURE was set to UGIVEN in the OPTIONS keyword. This is
fixed. (OLGA-15701)
December 2015
Page 46
Valve
Full equilibrium valves with a two-phase fluid property table
When using a two-phase fluid property table on a keyword based format as input to OLGA, the simulation would
terminate during initialization if full equilibrium valves were present. This is fixed. OLGA now uses built-in
properties for water when such a fluid property table is used. (OLGA-14402)
Various improvements to valve functionality for critical flow
Determination of critical flow
A limitation in the valve functionality caused a malfunction with respect to the determination of critical flow. When
RECOVERY=YES, the valve has reported critical flow in some cases where it should have been subcritical.
These situations occur when the pressure difference across the valve indicate that the flow is critical, but the
mass flow through the valve indicates that it is subcritical. In these situations, the valve has previously reported
subcritical flow. Now, the valve reports critical flow. The change makes the results consistent with the behaviour
when RECOVERY is turned off. (OLGA-15503)
Determining the pressure drop over the valve near the critical region
When the flow through a choke goes from critical to subcritical, the pressure drop is now updated based on the
current flow rate. Previously, the last available subcritical pressure drop was used if the flow rate was close to the
critical flow. This change makes a smoother transition from critical flow to subcritical flow. (OLGA-16990)
Oil-water slip for critical flow in negative direction
Incorrect oil-water slip was used when the flow through the choke was negative and critical. This error caused an
incorrect flow rate for three-phase flow at the choked conditions. This is fixed. (OLGA-16990)
Pressure drop output
The pressure drop written to the trend plot was not correct when the pressure drop was calculated by adjusting
the upstream pressure. This only affected output. This is fixed. (OLGA-16990)
Pressure difference determines flow direction through choke
At zero mass flow rate, the pressure difference is now used to determine the flow direction through the choke.
This results in better transient behaviour when flow changes from zero to negative. (OLGA-16990)
Upstream and downstream pressure corrected for friction in addition to gravity
The upstream and downstream pressure is now adjusted from the middle of sections to the section boundary for
both the friction pressure and for the gravity pressure gradient. For high velocity cases with large frictional
pressure drop relative to the pressure drop over the choke, this correction gives better pressure drop/critical flow
rate. (OLGA-16990)
Calculating corrected pressure due to friction
When calculating the pressure at the section boundary based on the pressure in the middle of the section, an
error resulted in an incorrect frictional pressure loss. This error only affected compressor cases with large
frictional loss. This is fixed. (OLGA-16990)
Buffer zone size
There is a numerical buffer zone for transition from critical flow to subcritical flow through a choke. Previously, the
size of the buffer zone was too large. This could block the transition from critical flow to subcritical flow when the
choke opening was small as well as the critical flow rate being small. The size of the buffer zone is now reduced
for small choke openings so the transition to subcritical also occurs for small critical flow rate. (OLGA-16990)
December 2015
Page 47
Note: For the majority of cases, the work carried out on valves will not affect the simulation speed. Some cases
may however experience changes.
Wax deposition
Effective viscosity calculation for wax
The viscosity for oil with wax particles was based on a too coarse estimate of the shear rate, causing the viscosity
to have an inaccurate dependency on shear rate and wax particle concentration in oil. This is fixed. The shear
rate is now correct for steady flow simulations. In flow transients, the viscosity may in some cases still be
inaccurate. The accuracy should generally improve by using shorter time steps during transients. (OLGA-15548)
Well editor
Save a well object in the Well editor
In OLGA 2014.1, a well object would only be saved if you selected the Save case button in the Well editor. The
object would not be saved when you exited the OLGA GUI, even if you selected Yes in the Save the current
project and associated files message. This is fixed. Well objects are now saved when you select Yes in the Save
the current project and associated files message. (OLGA-16759)
Faulty validation error
A faulty validation error could occur if you placed a valve on the start or end of a tubing in the Well editor. This is
fixed. (OLGA-16245)
Tubing start depth
In the Well editor, the start depth of tubing 1 and 2 in a dual tubing case must be equal. To clarify this, the option
Tubing start depth is now moved to the top of the Tubing page. (OLGA-15157)
Search for variables in Well editor
The Search field in the Select variables to plot window on the Equipment page in the Well editor now also
searches the Description field as well as the Name field. (OLGA-14628)
Improved GUI elements in Well editor
Some of the GUI elements (text boxes, buttons, etc.) in the Well editor were cropped. This is fixed and complete
GUI elements are now displayed. (OLGA-15878)
General
More stable OLGA
The stability of OLGA is improved, and several operations which could cause a crash situation are corrected. The
following possible crash situations are fixed:
OLGA will no longer terminate when PROFILE WRITEFILE=OFF is defined in a case. (OLGA-15859)
With zero flow across an Electric Submersible Pump (ESP), OLGA could terminate with an Unknown
exception or Error in simulation engine message. This was due to an error in the upstream mass
calculations in the ESP. This is fixed. (OLGA-16711)
December 2015

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TABLE OF CONTENTS: OLGA 2015.1.1 RELEASE NOTES

OLGA GUI ...................................................................................................................................................... 32

OLGA 2015.1.1 Release notes

Fixed issue in OLGA 2015.1 .1

OLGA 2015.1.1 Release notes

Enhancements in OLGA 2015.1

OLGA High Definition (HD)

OLGA 2015.1.1 Release notes

Mechanistic model for slug initiation and evolution

The combined model for slug initiation and evolution is tuneable

Improved momentum balance formulation strongly reducing grid dependence

Slug initiation model

OLGA 2015.1.1 Release notes

Extra wall friction behind the slug front

OLGA 2015.1.1 Release notes

Change node type

OLGA 2015.1.1 Release notes

Improved signal connections

OLGA 2015.1.1 Release notes

Configure number of connection points on an internal node

Equipment placed on a flowpath does not overlap

OLGA 2015.1.1 Release notes

OLGA 2015.1.1 Release notes

Electrical submersible pumps (ESP) and Centrifugal pump

Mechanical efficiency in ESP pumps

Multiflash 6.0 as PVT package in Compositional Tracking

Same pseudo characterization

OLGA 2015.1.1 Release notes

Multiple feeds in fluid files

New viscosity correlation for heavy oils - Pedersen (heavy Oil)

New and improved GUI

OPC server and Submodelling

Support for Windows Server 2012

Add the missing attribute QuantityEngUnitID on QuantityID="44" QuantityName="enthalpy pervolume"

Fixed module persist in registry

Restructured OLGA user manual

OLGA 2015.1.1 Release notes

OLGA user manual

Modelling input and file structure

Data file syntax

Restrictions and limitations

Graphical User Interface

The OLGA sample cases

OLGA 2015.1.1 Release notes

Resolved issues and enhancements in OLGA 2015.1

ABSPOSITION in bundle components

OLGA 2015.1.1 Release notes

OLGA 2015.1.1 Release notes

1. The output variables TAUWHL and TAUWWT

Density is changed from 1.2895 to 1.2174 kg/m3

Viscosity is changed from 0.018 cP to 0.0178 cP

Conductivity is changed from 0.02302 to 0.0251 W/mK

Heat capacity is changed from 1000.454 to 1005 J/kgK

Thermal expansion from 0.0034 to 0.00347 1/K.

Density is changed from 1000 to 1028.4 kg/m3,

Viscosity is changed from 1 cP to 1.4 cP

Conductivity is changed from 0.559 to 0.5865 J/kgK

Heat capacity is changed from 4186 to 3978 J/kgK, and the

Thermal expansion is changed from 0.00021 to 0.000172 1/K

OLGA 2015.1.1 Release notes

OLGA 2015.1.1 Release notes