Liu Biao

This is a Chinese name; the family name is Liu.

Biao and Liu Bei, as a result of the meddling of Cai Mao's

family, Liu Biaos people were faced with diculty. To
make matters worse, Sun Quans army had crushed and
[1]
Liu Biao (142208), courtesy name Jingsheng, was a
warlord and the governor of Jing Province who lived in killed Liu Biaos subordinate Huang Zu at the Battle of
Jiangxia and ultimately destroyed Liu Biaos defenses to
the late Eastern Han dynasty. He was a member of the
extended family of the Han emperors, descended from the south.
Liu Yu, the fth son of Emperor Jing.
Shortly after Cao Caos main army began its oensive,
Liu Biao died of illness. According to the historical novel
Romance of the Three Kingdoms, long before his death,
sensing his own deteriorating condition, he had discussed
1 Life
with Liu Bei which of his two sons should succeed him.
The traditional choice would be his elder son Liu Qi,
When the Han Dynasty was consumed with war follow- yet he predicted (correctly) that his wife would favor Liu
ing the Yellow Turban Rebellion, Liu Biao held the title Cong, his second son. Ultimately, he followed Liu Beis
of governor of Jing Province. Liu Biao later started a war advice and chose Liu Qi to succeed him. However, afagainst the warlord Yuan Shu and his minor warlord vas- ter Liu Biaos death, his wife altered his will, leaving Liu
sal, Sun Jian. During the Battle of Xiangyang, Sun Jian Cong with possession of much of Liu Biaos land. The
was put in command of an army on Yuan Shus orders weak Liu Cong immediately surrendered to Cao Cao and
to assault Liu Biao in Jing Province. Liu Biao appointed his elder brother, who had still retained control of one
Huang Zu to command the forces against Sun Jian. Dur- city. Due to its strategic positioning between all three
ing the battle, one of Liu Biaos strategists, Kuai Liang, warring factions during the Three Kingdoms era, many
devised a plan to eliminate Sun Jian by crushing him with battles were fought in Jing Province over the course of the
logs as he rode towards the main camp of Liu Biaos various campaigns and battles fought between the states
camp, and succeeded. Years after, Sun Jians two eldest of Shu, Wei and Wu in years to come.
sons, Sun Ce and Sun Quan, caused Liu Biao no end of
trouble as they sought to avenge their fathers death. However, they did not cause Liu Biaos demise as they targeted
2 Family
Huang Zu, who was a general under Liu Biao, instead of
Liu Biao himself. Whilst Cao Cao (in the north) was gain Sons:
ing strength, Liu Biao chose to neither help nor hinder
his conquests, in part because he had been dealt a defeat
Liu Qi, elder son. Sided with Liu Bei after his
against the forces of Sun Ce at the Battle of Shaxian.
brother was appointed as successor, but died
of illness.

During the birth of the third century, during Cao Cao's total victory over the rival warlord Yuan Shao at the Battle
of Guandu, Liu Biao still remained neutral, despite being one of the only other warlords in a position to oppose
the two powers. Liu Biao, however, eventually decided
to shelter Liu Bei, an enemy of Cao Cao and relative in
deep lineage when Cao Cao defeated Yuan Shao, where
Liu Bei was previously sheltered after the events of 198.
This made Liu Biao a target of Cao Caos wrath due to
the fact Liu Bei rebelled against Cao just before the
war against Yuan Shao. After the Battle of White Wolf
Mountain in 208, when Cao Cao nalized his unication
of northern China, a large army was sent to conquer Jing
Province. Along with Liu Bei, Liu Biaos forces took
several early victories. After impressing the remnants of
Yuan Shaos forces into joining his already grand army,
Cao Caos superior numbers eventually took toll on Liu
Biaos defenses. With a decline in relations between Liu

Liu Cong, younger son. Was appointed as his

fathers successor due to the interference of
Cai Mao and Lady Cai.
Liu Xiu, youngest son. Presumably a halfbrother of Liu Cong and Liu Qi. Accompanied Liu Cong when he surrendered to Cao
Cao. About 210 he became administrator of
Dong'an. He composed a number of poems,
rhapsodies and formal hymns.[2]
Nephews:
Liu Pan, sent on a campaign against the rival
warlord Sun Ce, but was defeated by Taishi
Ci who was employed under Sun Ces forces.
Later joined Liu Bei at the recommendation
of Huang Zhong.
1

5
Liu Hu, defended against Sun Ce during the
Battle of Shaxian, but was defeated. His fate
remains unknown, but many of Liu Biaos ocers who participated in that battle were slain.
(possibly making it dicult to resolve how
each individual died)

Appointments and titles held

Inspector of Jing Province (

General Who Guards the South (

Governor of Jing Province (
Marquis of Chengwu (

See also
List of people of the Three Kingdoms

References

[1] de Crespigny, Rafe (2007). A biographical dictionary of

Later Han to the Three Kingdoms (23220 AD). Brill. p.
485. ISBN 978-90-04-15605-0.
[2] SGZ 19:560 from de Crespigny, Rafe (2007). A biographical dictionary of Later Han to the Three Kingdoms (23
220 AD). Brill. p. 566. ISBN 978-90-04-15605-0.

Chen Shou. Records of the Three Kingdoms, Volume

6, Biography of Liu Biao.
Fan Ye et al. Book of the Later Han, Volume 74.

REFERENCES

Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses

6.1

Text

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Images

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6.3

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