Xuzhou

This article is about the modern city. For the ancient

administrative division, see Xuzhou (ancient China). For
other uses, see Xuzhou (disambiguation).
Suchowredirects here. For the Polish settlement of
Suchw, see Suchw.
Xuzhou, otherwise known as Pengcheng in ancient
times, is a major city in and the second largest prefecturelevel city of Jiangsu Province, China. Its population was
8,577,225 at the 2010 census whom 2,623,066 lived in
the built-up (or metro) area made of Quanshan, Gulou, Yunlong and Tongshan districts. It's built-up area
is among the largest within Jiangsu province. * [1] It is
known for its role as a transportation hub in northwestern
Jiangsu, as it has expressways and railway links connecting directly to the provinces of Henan and Shandong, the
neighboring port city of Lianyungang, as well as the economic hub Shanghai and Nanjing.

Liu Bang, rst emperor of the Han Dynasty (206 BCAD

220), was born in Pei County, Xuzhou. At the beginning
of the Han Dynasty, Xuzhou became part of the Kingdom
of Chu, a principality ruled by relatives of the royal Liu
family. Initially, Liu Bang allowed his relatives to rule
parts of the country since they were assumed to be the
most trustworthy. However, the Kingdom of Chu under
third generation ruler Liu Wu rebelled against the central authority during the Rebellion of the Seven Princes
and was defeated. His tomb was recently excavated near
Xuzhou. Historians maintain that in the ancient capital
and trade center of Pengcheng (Xuzhou) one can nd the
earliest reliable evidence of the presence of Buddhism
in China.

After the Yellow River began to change course during the

Song Dynasty (AD 9601279), heavy silting at the Yellow River estuary forced the river to channel its ow into
the lower Huai River tributary. The region became barBefore the adoption of Hanyu Pinyin, the city's name was ren thereafter due to persistent ooding, nutrient depletypically romanized as Suchow* [2] or Schow,* [3]* [4] tion and salination of the once fertile soil.
though it also appeared as Siu Tcheou [Fou],* [5] Hsu- The area was the site both of the Battle of Xuzhou in
chou,* [6] Hsuchow,* [7] and Hs-chow.* [4]
1938 against the Japanese Army in the Second SinoJapanese War and of the critical battle in the Chinese
Civil War, the Huaihai Campaign in 1948-49. The capitulation of Chiang Kai-shek to Chinese communist forces
at Xuzhou * [8] led to the fall of the Nationalist Chinese
capital Nanking.
1 History
During the Xia and Shang Dynasties (c. 22001600 BC),
Xuzhou lay in an area inhabited by the Dongyi or Huaiyi
peoples who were constantly at war with the Shang and
Zhou Dynasties. The Xuzhou region was called Huaiyang
during the Zhou Dynasty (1600 BC256 BC) since the
Huai River crosses the area. During the Spring and Autumn Period (771 BC426 BC), Xuzhou was a collection
of small farming/shing villages and towns and formed
part of the border region between the Zhou vassal States
of Chu, Wu and Qu. Both the States of Pi and Peng lay
within its borders. Xuzhou was at one time a capital of
the State of Xu, a vassal state exterminated by the State
of Wu in 512 BC. In turn, Wu was conquered by the State
of Yue a few decades later. Chu gradually expanded its
inuence around Xuzhou after absorbing the nearby State
of Cai in 447 BC followed by the conquest of the State
of Yue in 334 BC. By the Warring States period, it was
rmly in the cultural and administrative sphere of Chu.
The State of Chu moved to this area in 278 BC after
the Qin army captured its old capital, Ying, in modern
Jingzhou, Hubei.

2 Administration
See also: List of administrative divisions of Jiangsu
The prefecture-level city of Xuzhou administers ten
county-level divisions, including ve districts, two
county-level cities and three counties. These are further
divided into 157 township-level divisions.

3 Geography and climate

Xuzhou is located in the southeast of the North China
Plain. Xuzhou has a monsoon-inuenced humid subtropical climate (Kppen Cwa), with cool, dry winters,
warm springs, long, hot and humid summers, and crisp
autumns. The monthly daily average temperature ranges
from 0.4 C (32.7 F) in January to 27.1 C (80.8 F) in
July; the annual mean is 14.48 C (58.1 F). Snow may
1

5 EDUCATION

occur during winter, though rarely heavily. Precipitation

is light in winter, and a majority of the annual total of 832
millimetres (32.8 in) occurs from June thru August. With
monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 44% in
July to 54% in three months, the city receives 2,221 hours
of bright sunshine annually.

Economy

Xuzhou is a vital hub for freight to link northern China

and eastern China. It opened to foreign traders formally
in 1922 without pressure. Today it is a logistic center
within China, and it is the largest one in the province of
Jiangsu. * [10]
From 1910s to 1940s, the staple merchandise for sale
were peanut, soya bean, soya bean meal, wheat, sesame,
sunower seed, daylily, live swine and pelt. Meanwhile,
the ones for purchase were fabric, cotton yarn, sugar, salt,
cigarettes, kerosene, etc. And the main domestic trades
were occurred among Nanjing and Shanghai.

Government of China period)

Jiangsu Provincial College of Jiangsu (
,1946-1949)
North China Theological Seminary (
,1946-1948)
In 1958, Jiangsu Normal Academy (
) relocated to Xuzhou. And Nanjing Medical College,
Xuzhou was founded in July. In the next year, Xuzhou
Normal Academy ( ) was merged
with Jiangsu Normal Academy and became the Xuzhou
Normal College ( ). In 1962, Premier
Zhou Enlai gave instructions to maintain both colleges
after the Great Leap Forward; meanwhile several newfounded colleges were aborted for lacking funds. In 1978,
China Institute of Mining and Technology (
) relocated to Xuzhou from the west of China. Nowadays, Xuzhou has a high overall education level next to
Nanjing in Jiangsu Province.

The City of Xuzhou has about 93% of the Jiangsu coals

reserves. The coals were discovered when Su shi was gov- 5.1 Schools
ernor of Xuzhou. Then they were utilized to smelt Liguo
s iron ore, replaced the charcoal. He ever wrote a poem
Xuzhou No.1 Middle School ()
entitled to record. It marks that the establish Xuzhou No.2 Middle School ()
ing of initial Xuzhou coal industry no later than 1079. In
1970, Datun mining area was put under Shanghai admin Xuzhou No.3 Middle School ()
istration for providing Shanghai enough coals. In 1980s,
China's University of Mining and Tecnology, a prominent
Xuzhou Senior High School ()
national university, came to Xuzhou.
Although the light industry in Xuzhou is well-o compared with the other major cities around Xuzhou, the
heavy industry makes Xuzhou highly economic competitiveness. The most important industries in the city
of Xuzhou are machinery, energy and food production.
Also since the late 2000s there was a real estate boom in
Xuzhou. Prominent real estate developers within China
such as Greenland and Vanke have all already come to
Xuzhou to initialize real estate business.

Xuzhou No.5 Middle School ()

Xuzhou No.36 Middle School (
)
Xuzhou No.13 Middle School (
)

The construction machinery manufacturer XCMG is the 5.2 Universities and colleges
largest company based in Xuzhou. It is the world's tenth China University of Mining and Technology (
largest construction equipment maker measured by 2011
)
revenues, and the third-largest based in China (after Sany
and Zoomlion). Wei Wei Group is a major food manu Jiangsu Normal University (
facturer in Jiangsu. State Grid - Xuzhou Power Company
*
)
is a major power company in Jiangsu. [11]

Education

In 1903, Tongshan public primary school of the senior

grade () as the rst modern school in Xuzhou was founded. * [12]
Huaihai College (, Reorganized National

Xuzhou Medical University (

)
People's Liberation Army Engineering Corps Command College (
)
People's Liberation Army Air Force Logistical College()

Cuisine

See also: Xuzhou cuisine

helped the theater gain landmark status locally and within

the province. Yunlong Lake Resort has become a
AAAAA tourist destination since August, 2016.

Xuzhou cuisine is closely related to Shandong cuisine's

Jinan-style. Xuzhou's most well known foods include bzi
ru (pork belly, and other items stewed in a thick broth),
sha tang ( ), and various dog meat dishes.

9 Transport

Horse and warrior gures from the Han Dynasty Guishan Tomb
near Xuzhou

Xuzhou is a major railroad hub

Another one of Xuzhou's famous dishes is di guo ()

style cooking which places ingredients with a spicy sauce
in a deep black skillet and cooks little pieces of atbread
on the side or top. Common staples of di guo style cooking include: chicken, sh, lamb, pork rib and eggplant.

Xuzhou Guanyin Airport serves the area with scheduled

passenger ights to major airports in China including
Beijing Capital, Shanghai Hongqiao and Pudong, Nanjing, Hong Kong, Osaka (Japan), Kaohsiung (Taiwan)
and many other cities globally.

Fu Yang Festival () is a traditional festival celebrated in the city. It starts on Chufu () which is
around mid-July and lasts for about one month. During
the festival, people eat lamb meat and drink lamb soup.
This festival is very popular among all the citizens.

The Xuzhou Railway Station is one of the largest Chinese railway stations. Xuzhou is one of the most important railway hubs in China. It is the interchange station
of Jinghu Railway, Longhai Railway and Hasan Railway.
The Xuzhou East Railway Station lies in the eastern suburb of Xuzhou, which is the hub of BeijingShanghai
High-Speed Railway and XuzhouLanzhou High-Speed
7 Scenic spots
Railway. Xuzhou is the rst city in North Jiangsu to build
a subway system. The project was approved by State
Tourist attractions in Xuzhou include Yunlong Moun- Council in 2013. 3 subway lines are being built and extain (Cloud Dragon Mountain) and the nearby Yunlong pected to be completed by 2019-2020, with total length
Lake, which are near the downtown area. There are also of 67 km.
Xuzhou Museum and Han Dynasty Stone Carvings mu- Luning oil pipeline, which from Dongying to Nanjing,
seum next to the Yunlong Mountain.
passes through Xuzhou.
The most important places of interest in Xuzhou are the
relics of Han Dynasty, including Terracotta Army of Han,
Mausoleum of the Emperors of Han and the art of stone
graving. Yunlong Lake Resort is an AAAAA tourist destination in Xuzhou.

10 Military

Xuzhou is headquarters of the 12th Group Army of the

People's Liberation Army, one of the three group armies
8 Culture
that compose the Nanjing Military Region responsible for
the defense of China's eastern coast and possible military
In 2011, a new state-of-the-art concert hall was opened. engagement with Taiwan. The People's Liberation Army
It is specically designed to resemble a myrtle ower. Navy also has a Type 054A frigate that shares the name
The striking architecture and lakeside location have of the region.

13

11

See also

List of twin towns and sister cities in China

Battle of Xuzhou
List of cities in the People's Republic of China by
population
Xuzhou dialect

12

References

[1] http://www.citypopulation.de/php/china-jiangsu-admin.
php
[2] Postal romanization, See, e.g., this 1947 ROC map.
[3] Rosario Renaud, Schow. Diocse de Chine 1882-1931,
Montral, 1955.
[4] Canadian Missionaries, Indigenous Peoples: Representing
Religion at Home and Abroad. University of Toronto
Press. 2005. p. 208.
[5] Louis Hermand, Les tapes de la Mission du Kiangnan 1842-1922 et de la Mission de Nanking 1922-1932,
Shanghai, 1933.
[6] See: Wade-Giles.
[7] Jaques, Tony (2007). Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: PZ. p. 1116.
[8] "Battle of Suchow". Life Magazine, December 6, 1948.
[9] 1971
2000 (in Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. June 2011. Archived from the original on
September 21, 2013. Retrieved 2010-05-27.
[10] Jiangsu Provincial Chorographies: Comprehensive
Economy Chorography (in Chinese). Nanjing:Jiangsu
Guji Press. Retrieved 2016-07-23.
[11] Analysis: China's budding Caterpillars break new
ground overseas. Reuters. 8 March 2012. Retrieved
8 March 2012.
[12] A research on Xuzhou's conditions and the changes of
environment, economy and society(during 1882-1948)"
(in Chinese). Jinan:Shandong University. Retrieved
2016-07-23.

13

External links

Government website of Xuzhou (in Simplied Chinese)

Xuzhou city
(Jiangsu.NET)

guide

with

open

directory

EXTERNAL LINKS

14
14.1

Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses

Text

Xuzhou Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xuzhou?oldid=734939249 Contributors: Olivier, Andres, Colipon, Phil Boswell, Graeme
Bartlett, Fudoreaper, Curps, LiDaobing, Ran, Kusunose, Fanghong~enwiki, D6, Rich Farmbrough, Bender235, KevinBot, Geocachernemesis~enwiki, Yeu Ninje, CWH, Kelisi, Pashan~enwiki, Plastictv, FlaBot, Winstonho0805, RexNL, Chobot, Bgwhite, Vmenkov, YurikBot,
RussBot, Fengyin, Nlu, Calvin08, SmackBot, Lds, Kleinzach, Neo-Jay, Underbar dk, Ohconfucius, Akendall, Joseph Solis in Australia,
Phillip J, Orca1 9904, Grant76, Mathpianist93, JamesAM, Thijs!bot, Hazmat2, RevolverOcelotX, Dr. Blofeld, Flying tiger, Magioladitis,
Manderiko, Philg88, Nopira, R'n'B, CommonsDelinker, ASDFGH, G. Campbell, Jeepday, Idioma-bot, VolkovBot, TXiKiBoT, Hedgehogfox, Quest for Truth, Fupodorje, Mr. Granger, Niceguyedc, Zhou.wu, SoxBot, Stepheng3, 40fw0, DumZiBoT, XLinkBot, Addbot, Douglas the Comeback Kid, Wuruo5762, AdamsXU, BabelStone, NjardarBot, Ramtears, Numbo3-bot, Zorrobot, Xenobot, Luckas-bot, Yobot,
Reenem, LLTimes, AnomieBOT, X3682109, JackieBot, Jiangyu911, LlywelynII, Sz-iwbot, Ulric1313, LilHelpa, Xqbot, DSisyphBot,
Timmyshin, Anna Frodesiak, YukioSanjo, Dubium et Libertas, DylanLeviKing, Joaquin008, Hfxf, Jx-10, Hangzhouer, Diwas, Elockid,
Jaguar, Full-date unlinking bot, Desmond2046, Zanhe, EEIM, Dinamik-bot, ZhBot, Ripchip Bot, Fipblizip, , WikitanvirBot, GoingBatty, , Xiaoyu of Yuxi, Snuge purveyor, Rangoon11, Mamingkai, ClueBot NG, Cienotony, JesseW900, Frisch1, HotshotCleaner,
Tartanator, Lzy881114, Gibbja, Lieutenant of Melkor, BattyBot, Huhaoyu321, Eakopskvm, Numbermaniac, Sackbut68, Marktomcat,
Monkbot, The Last Arietta, Tasty love salad, Welt.liu, InternetArchiveBot, LanceVanque, Med Nyin, Zixiaoxu and Anonymous: 62

14.2

Images

File:2012_Pudong.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/2012_Pudong.jpg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: J. Patrick Fischer
File:Administrative_Division_Xuzhou.png Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/ff/Administrative_Division_
Xuzhou.png License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Chk2011
File:Canton_Tower_2013.12.02_18-16-47.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/84/Canton_Tower_2013.
12.02_18-16-47.jpg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Zhangzhugang
File:ChinaJiangsuXuzhou.png Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/ChinaJiangsuXuzhou.png License: Public domain Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
File:China_edcp_location_map.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/China_edcp_location_map.svg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Uwe Dedering
File:Commons-logo.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg License: CC-BY-SA-3.0 Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
File:Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/48/Folder_Hexagonal_Icon.svg License: Cc-bysa-3.0 Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
File:Night_view_of_Chongqing_CBD_at_the_angle_across_Yangtze_river.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/
commons/7/7a/Night_view_of_Chongqing_CBD_at_the_angle_across_Yangtze_river.jpg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own
work Original artist: Prof.Chen Hualin
File:Red_pog.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/0/0c/Red_pog.svg License: Public domain Contributors: ? Original
artist: ?
File:Tiananmen_Gate.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/91/Tiananmen_Gate.jpg License: CC BY-SA
3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Rabs003
File:XZ_name.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b5/XZ_name.svg License: CC BY-SA 4.0 Contributors:
Own work Original artist: JesseW900
File:Xuzhou_-_rail_yard_-_P1060359.JPG Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1f/Xuzhou_-_rail_yard_-_
P1060359.JPG License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: User:Vmenkov
File: .jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f1/%E4%BA%91%E9%BE%99%E6%B9%96.jpg License: Public domain Contributors: Own work Original artist:
File: .jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/%E6%B1%89%E5%85%B5%E9%A9%AC%E4%
BF%91.jpg License: Public domain Contributors: Own work Original artist:
File: .svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/%E9%A5%A3%E5%AE%83.svg License: CC BY-SA 3.0
Contributors: Own work Original artist: Quest for Truth

14.3

Content license

Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0