DRUG NAME

GN: Dopamine
BN:
Classification: Adrenergic
agonists, inotropes

GN: Dobutamine
BN:
Classification: Adrenergic
agonists, inotropes

GN: Norepinephrine Bitartrate

BN: Levophed
Classification:
Adrenergic agonists,
vasopressors, intropes

MECHANISM OF ACTION
A sympathomimetic that
stimulates adrenergic receptors.
Effects are dose dependent. Low
dosages stimulate dopaminergic
receptors, causing renal
vasodilation. Low to moderate
dosages have a positive inotropic
effect by direct action and
release of norepinephrine. High
dosages stimulate -receptors.
Therapeutic Effect: With low
dosages, increases renal blood
flow, urine flow, and sodium
excretion. With low to moderate
dosages, increases myocardial
contractility, stroke volume, and
cardiac output. With high
dosages, increases peripheral
resistance, renal vasoconstriction,
and systolic and diastolic BP.
A direct-acting inotropic agent
acting primarily on 2-adrenergic
receptors. Therapeutic Effect:
Decreases preload and afterload,
and enhances myocardial
contractility, stroke volume, and
cardiac output. Improves renal
blood flow and urine output
indirectly.

INDICATION
- Treatment and prevention of
acute hypotension; shock
(associated with cardiac
decompensation, myocardial
infarction, open heart surgery,
renal failure, or trauma);
treatment of low cardiac output

A sympathomimetic that
stimulates 1-adrenergic
receptors and -adrenergic
receptors, increasing peripheral
resistance. Enhances contractile
myocardial force, increases
cardiac output. Constricts
resistance and capacitance

- Acute hypotension
unresponsive to fluid volume
replacement

SIDE EFFECTS
Frequent
Headache, ectopic beats,
tachycardia, anginal pain,
palpitations, vasoconstriction,
hypotension, nausea, vomiting,
dyspnea.
Occasional
Piloerection or goose bumps,
bradycardia, widening of QRS
complex.

-Short-term management of
cardiac decompensation

Frequent (> 5%)

Increased heart rate, increased
BP.
Occasional (3%-5%)
Pain at injection site, phlebitis.
Rare (1%-3%)
Nausea, headache, anginal pain,
shortness of breath, fever.
Occasional (3%-5%)
Anxiety, bradycardia,
palpitations.
Rare (1%-2%)
Nausea, anginal pain, shortness
of breath, fever.

GN: Isosorbide
Dinitrate/Mononitrate
BN: Imdur, Monoket
Classification: Vasodilators;
nitrate antianginal
GN: Heparin
BN:
Classification: Anticoagulants

GN: Enoxaparin
BN: Lovenox
Classification: Anticoagulants,
low-molecular-weight heparins

GN: Nicardipine
BN: Nicarpine
Classification:
Antihypertensives, antianginals,
calcium channel blockers
(dihydropyridine group)

vessels. Therapeutic Effect:

Increases systemic BP and
coronary blood flow.
A nitrate that stimulates
intracellular cyclic guanosine
monophosphate. Therapeutic
Effect: Relaxes vascular smooth
muscle of both arterial and
venous vasculature. Decreases
preload
A blood modifier that interferes
with blood coagulation by
blocking the conversion of
prothrombin to thrombin and
fibrinogen to fibrin. Therapeutic
Effect: Prevents further
extension of existing thrombi or
new clot formation. Has no effect
on existing clots.

A low-molecular-weight heparin
that potentiates the action of
antithrombin III and inactivates
coagulation factor Xa.
Therapeutic Effect: Produces
anticoagulation. Does not
significantly influence bleeding
time, PT, or aPTT.
An antianginal and
antihypertensive agent that
inhibits calcium ion movement
across cell membranes,
depressing contraction of cardiac
and vascular smooth muscle.
Therapeutic Effect: Increases
heart rate and cardiac output.

-Angina
- OFF-LABEL USES
CHF, dysphagia, relief of
esophageal spasm with
gastroesophageal reflux.

Frequent
Headache, dizziness, weakness,
orthostatic hypotension, nausea,
vomiting, restlessnes

- Treatment of venous
thrombosis, pulmonary embolism,
peripheral arterial embolism,
atrial fibrillation with embolism

Occasional
Itching, burning (particularly on
soles of feet) caused by
vasospastic reaction.
Rare
Pain, cyanosis of extremity 6-10
days after initial therapy lasting
4-6 h; hypersensitivity reaction,
including chills, fever, pruritus,
urticaria, asthma, rhinitis,
lacrimation, and headache.

- Prevention of deep vein

thrombosis (DVT)
-Prevention of ischemic
complications of unstable angina
and non-Q-wave MI (with oral
aspirin therapy)
- Treatment of acute ST-segment
elevation myocardial infarction
- Chronic stable (effortassociated) angina
- Essential hypertension

Occasional (1%-4%)
Injection site hematoma, fever,
nausea, hemorrhage, peripheral
edema.

Frequent (7%-10%)
Headache, facial flushing,
peripheral edema, lightheadedness, dizziness.
Occasional (3%-6%)
Asthenia (loss of strength,
energy), palpitations, angina,
tachycardia.

Decreases systemic vascular

resistance and BP.

GN: Furosemide
BN: Lasix
Classification: Diuretics, loop

GN: Magnesium Sulfate

BN:
Classification: Nutritional
supplements, electrolytes,
minerals, laxatives, antacids

GN: Calcium Gluconate

BN:
Classification: Minerals

A loop diuretic that enhances

excretion of sodium, chloride, and
potassium by direct action at the
ascending limb of the loop of
Henle. Therapeutic Effect:
Produces diuresis and lowers BP.

- Edema
- hypertension

Primarily used as electrolyte and

mineral replacement. This
electrolyte is found primarily in
intracellular fluids and is essential
for enzyme activity, nerve
conduction, and muscle
contraction. Stabilizes cardiac
muscle and conduction.
Magnesium sulfate can act as an
anticonvulsant; it blocks
neuromuscular transmission and
the amount of acetylcholine
released at the motor endplate.
Therapeutic Effect: Maintains
and restores magnesium levels.
Stabilizes nerve conduction and
electronic activity.
An electrolyte that is essential for
the function and integrity of the
nervous, muscular, and skeletal
systems. Calcium plays an
important role in normal cardiac
and renal function, respiration,
blood coagulation, and cell
membrane and capillary
permeability. It helps to regulate
the release and storage of

- Hyperalimentation
- Preeclampsia/eclampsia
- Constipation

Rare (< 2%)

Nausea, abdominal cramps,
dyspepsia, dry mouth, rash.
Expected
Increased urinary frequency and
urine volume.
Frequent
Nausea, dyspepsia, abdominal
cramps, diarrhea or constipation,
electrolyte disturbances.
Frequent
Antacid: Chalky taste, laxative
effect.
Occasional
Antacid/laxative: Nausea,
cramping, diarrhea, increased
thirst, flatulence. Systemic
(dietary supplement, electrolyte
replacement): Reduced
respiratory rate, decreased
reflexes, flushing, hypotension,
decreased heart rate.

-Hyperphosphatemia
-Hypocalcemia

Frequent
PO: Chalky taste.
Parenteral: Hypotension; flushing;
feeling of warmth; nausea;
vomiting; pain, rash, redness, or
burning at injection site;
diaphoresis.
Occasional
PO: Mild constipation, fecal

neurotransmitters and hormones,

and it neutralizes or reduces
gastric acid (increased pH).
Calcium combines with dietary
phosphate to form insoluble
calcium phosphate. Therapeutic
Effect: Replaces calcium in
deficiency states; controls
hyperphosphatemia in end-stage
renal disease.
GN: Sodium Bicarbonate
BN:
Classification: Alkalinizing
agents, electrolyte replacements

GN: Potassium Chloride

BN:
Classification: Electrolyte
replacements, minerals,
potassium supplements

An alkalinizing agent that

dissociates to provide
bicarbonate ion.

impaction, peripheral edema,

metabolic alkalosis (muscle pain,
restlessness, slow breathing).

-Cardiac arrest
-Metabolic acidosis

Frequent
Abdominal distention, flatulence,
belching.

An electrolyte that is necessary

for multiple cellular metabolic
processes. Primary action is
intracellular. Therapeutic
Effect: Is necessary for nerve
impulse conduction and
contraction of cardiac, skeletal,
and smooth muscle; maintains
normal renal function and acidbase balance.

-Prevention of hypokalemia
-Treatment of hypokalemia

Frequent
Skin rash.

An antihypertensive that
possesses nonselective blocking and -adrenergic
blocking activity. Causes
vasodilation.
Therapeutic Effect: Reduces
cardiac output, exercise-induced

- Hypertension
- Congestive heart failure
- Left ventricular dysfunction

Therapeutic Effect: Neutralizes

hydrogen ion concentration,
raises blood and urinary pH.

Occasional
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea,
flatulence, abdominal discomfort
with distention

GN: Morphine Sulfate

BN:
Classification:
GN: Carvedilol
BN:
Classification:
Antihypertensives, -adrenergic
blocker

Carvedilol is generally well

tolerated, with mild and transient
side effects.
Frequent (4%-6%)
Fatigue, dizziness.

tachycardia, and reflex

orthostatic tachycardia; reduces
peripheral vascular resistance.

Occasional (2%)
Diarrhea, bradycardia, rhinitis,
back pain.
Rare (< 2%)
Orthostatic hypotension,
somnolence, urinary tract
infection, viral infection.

GN: Nifedipine
BN:
Classification:
Antihypertensives, anti-anginals,
calcium channel blockers
(dihydropyridine group)

GN: Metoprolol
BN: Lopressor
Classification: Antihypertensive,
selective 1-blocker

GN: Captopril
BN:

An antianginal and
antihypertensive agent that
inhibits calcium ion movement
across cell membranes,
depressing contraction of cardiac
and vascular smooth muscle.
Therapeutic Effect: Increases
heart rate and cardiac output.
Decreases systemic vascular
resistance and BP.

An antianginal, antihypertensive,
and myocardial infarction (MI)
adjunct that selectively blocks
1-adrenergic receptors; high
dosages may block 2-adrenergic
receptors. Decreases oxygen
requirements. Large doses
increase airway resistance.
Therapeutic Effect: Slows sinus
node heart rate, decreases
cardiac output, and reduces BP.
Also decreases myocardial
ischemia severity.
An ACE inhibitor that suppresses
the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone

- Prinzmetal variant angina

- Essential hypertension
- OFF-LABEL USES
Premature labor, intractable
hiccups, diabetic nephropathy
migraine prophylaxis.

-Mild to moderate hypertension

-Chronic, stable angina pectoris
-Congestive heart failure (CHF)

Frequent (11%-30%)
Peripheral edema, headache,
flushed skin, dizziness.

Occasional (6%-12%)
Nausea, shakiness, muscle
cramps and pain, somnolence,
palpitations, nasal congestion,
cough, dyspnea, wheezing.
Rare (3%-5%)
Hypotension, rash, pruritus,
urticaria, constipation, abdominal
discomfort, flatulence, sexual
difficulties.
Metoprolol is generally well
tolerated, with transient and mild
side effects.
Frequent
Diminished sexual function,
drowsiness, insomnia, unusual
fatigue or weakness, bradycardia.

-Hypertension
-Congestive heart failure

Frequent (4%-7%)
Rash.

Classification: Antihypertensive
agents, angiotensin-converting
enzyme (ACE) inhibitors

GN: Clonidine
BN: Catapres
Classification: Antihypertensive,
central -adrenergic agonist

GN: Enalapril
BN:
Classification:
Antihypertensives, angiotensinconverting enzyme inhibitors

system and prevents conversion

of angiotensin I to angiotensin II,
a potent vasoconstrictor; may
also inhibit angiotensin II at local
vascular and renal sites.
Decreases plasma angiotensin II,
increases plasma renin activity,
and decreases aldosterone
secretion.
Therapeutic Effect: Reduces
peripheral arterial resistance,
pulmonary capillary wedge
pressure; improves cardiac output
and exercise tolerance.
An antiadrenergic, sympatholytic
agent that prevents pain signal
transmission to the brain and
produces analgesia at pre- and
post--adrenergic receptors in
the spinal cord.
Therapeutic Effect: Reduces
peripheral resistance; decreases
BP and heart rate.
This angiotensin-converting
enzyme (ACE) inhibitor
suppresses the renin-angiotensinaldosterone system and prevents
conversion of angiotensin I to
angiotensin II, a potent
vasoconstrictor; it may inhibit
angiotensin II at local vascular,
renal sites. Decreases plasma
angiotensin II, increases plasma
renin activity, and decreases
aldosterone secretion.
Therapeutic Effect: In
hypertension, reduces peripheral
arterial resistance. In congestive
heart failure (CHF), increases
cardiac output; decreases

-Post-myocardial infarction, left

ventricular dysfunction
-Diabetic nephropathy

Occasional (2%-4%)
Pruritus, dysgeusia (change in
sense of taste), hyperkalemia.

-Hypertension
-Severe pain
-ADHD

Frequent
Dry mouth,somnolence,
dizziness, sedation, constipation

-Hypertension
-CHF

Frequent (5%-7%)
Headache, dizziness,
hypotension, increased serum
creatinine.
Occasional (2%-3%)
Orthostatic hypotension, fatigue,
diarrhea, cough, syncope.

peripheral vascular resistance,

BP, pulmonary capillary wedge
pressure, heart size.
GN: Spironolactone
BN: Aldactone
Classification: Diuretics,
potassium sparing

A potassium-sparing diuretic that

interferes with sodium
reabsorption by competitively
inhibiting the action of
aldosterone in the distal tubule,
thus promoting sodium and water
excretion and increasing
potassium retention.

-Edema, ascites
-CHF
-Hypertension
-Hypokalemia
-Primary aldosteronism

Occasional
Nausea, vomiting, anorexia,
abdominal cramps, diarrhea,
headache, ataxia, somnolence,
confusion, fever.

Therapeutic Effect: Produces

diuresis; lowers BP; diagnostic aid
for primary aldosteronism.
GN: Phenytoin
BN: Dilantin
Classification: Anticonvulsants,
hydantoins

GN:
BN: Depakene
Classification: Anticonvulsants

GN: Cerebrolysine

Frequent
Hyperkalemia (in patients with
renal insufficiency and those
taking potassium supplements),
dehydration, hyponatremia,
lethargy.

A hydantoin anticonvulsant that

stabilizes neuronal membranes in
the motor cortex by decreasing
sodium and calcium ion influx
into the neurons. Also acts as an
antiarrhythmic agent by
decreasing abnormal ventricular
automaticity and shortening the
refractory period, QT interval, and
action potential duration.
Therapeutic Effect: Limits the
spread of seizure activity.
Restores normal cardiac rhythm.

- Used in the treatment of status

epilepticus of the grand mal type,
prevention and treatment of
seizures occurring during
neurosurgery. Control of
arrhythmias is common (off-label)

Frequent
Drowsiness, lethargy, confusion,
slurred speech, irritability,
gingival hyperplasia,
hypersensitivity reaction
(including fever, rash, and
lymphadenopathy), constipation,
dizziness, nausea, vomiting, pinkcolored urine.

An anticonvulsant, moodstabilizing, and antimigraine

agent that directly increases
concentration of the inhibitory
neurotransmitter -aminobutyric
acid.
Therapeutic Effect: Reduces
seizure activity.

-Seizures
-Manic episodes
-Prevention of migraine
headaches

Frequent
Abdominal pain, irregular
menses, diarrhea, transient
alopecia, indigestion, nausea,
vomiting, tremors, weight gain or
loss.

BN:
Classification:

GN: Human Albumin

BN:
Classification: Plasma
expanders

GN: Metoclopramide
BN: Reglan
Classification: Gastrointestinal

agents, prokinetics,
antiemetics

GN: Potassium Citrate

BN: Acalka
Classification:

GN: Sodium Chloride

BN:
Classification: Electrolyte
replacements, vitamins/minerals

A plasma protein fraction that

acts as a blood volume expander.
Therapeutic Effect: Provides
temporary increase in blood
volume; reduces
hemoconcentration and blood
viscosity.

- Hypovolemia
-Hypoproteinemia
- Acute nephrosis, nephrotic
syndrome
- Hemodialysis
- Hyperbilirubinemia

Rare
High dose in repeated therapy:
altered vital signs, chills, fever,
increased salivation, nausea,
vomiting, urticaria, tachycardia.

A dopamine receptor
antagonist that stimulates
motility of the upper GI tract
and decreases reflux into the
esophagus. Also raises the
threshold of activity in the
chemoreceptor trigger zone.
Therapeutic Effect:
Accelerates intestinal transit
and gastric emptying; relieves
nausea and vomiting.

- Prevention of chemotherapy-

Frequent
Somnolence, restlessness,
fatigue, lethargy.

Potassium citrate is contained

within a porous wax matrix. As
this wax matrix is insoluble, it can
be eliminated in visible form in
the feces. Potassium citrate,
however, has been released in
the gastrointestinal tract.
Sodium is a major cation of
extracellular fluid that controls
water distribution, fluid and
electrolyte balance, and osmotic
pressure of body fluids; it also
maintains acid-base balance.

-Calcuim stones
-Renal Lithiasis

Slight gastrointestinal disorders

-Prevention and treatment of

sodium and chloride deficiencies;
source of hydration
-Prevention of heat prostration
and muscle cramps from
excessive perspiration

Frequent
Facial flushing.

induced nausea and vomiting

- Postoperative nausea and
vomiting
- Diabetic gastroparesis
- Symptomatic
gastroesophageal reflux

Occasional
Fever; irritation, phlebitis, or
extravasation at injection site.
Ophthalmic: Temporary burning

or irritation.
GN: Clopidogrel
BN:
Classification: Platelet
aggregation inhibitor

GN: Rosuvastatin
BN:
Classification:
Antihyperlipidemics, HMG-CoA
reductase inhibitors (statins)

GN: Lactulose
BN:
Classification: Laxatives,
osmotic

GN: Acetylcysteine
BN:
Classification: Antidotes,
mucolytics

A thienopyridine derivative that

inhibits binding of the enzyme
adenosine phosphate (ADP) to its
platelet receptor and subsequent
ADP-mediated activation of a
glycoprotein complex.
Therapeutic Effect: Inhibits
platelet aggregation.
An antihyperlipidemic that
interferes with cholesterol
biosynthesis by inhibiting the
conversion of the enzyme HMGCoA to mevalonate, a precursor
to cholesterol.
Therapeutic Effect: Decreases
LDL cholesterol, VLDL, and
plasma triglyceride levels,
increases HDL concentration.
A lactose derivative that retains
ammonia in the colon and
decreases serum ammonia
concentration; also produces an
osmotic effect. Therapeutic
Effect: Promotes increased
peristalsis and bowel evacuation;
expels ammonia from the colon.
An intratracheal respiratory
inhalant that splits the linkage of
mucoproteins, reducing the
viscosity of pulmonary secretions.
Protects against acetaminopheninduced hepatotoxicity by
maintaining or restoring
glutathione levels or by acting as
an alternate substrate for
conjugation with, and thus
detoxification of, the toxic
acetaminophen reactive

- Recent MI, recent stroke, or

established peripheral arterial
disease
- Acute coronary syndrome

Frequent (15%)
Skin disorders.

- Hyperlipidemia, dyslipidemia

Rosuvastatin is generally well

tolerated. Side effects are usually
mild and transient.

Occasional (6%-8%)
Upper respiratory tract infection,
chest pain, flu-like symptoms,
headache, dizziness, arthralgia.

Occasional (3%-9%)
Pharyngitis; headache; diarrhea;
dyspepsia, including heartburn
and epigastric distress; nausea.

- Constipation

Occasional
Abdominal cramping, flatulence,
increased thirst, abdominal
discomfort.
Rare
Nausea, vomiting.

- Treatment of viscid mucus

secretions in patients with a
tracheostomy
- Acetaminophen overdose

Frequent
Inhalation: Stickiness on face,
transient unpleasant odor.
Occasional
Inhalation: Increased bronchial
secretions, throat irritation,
nausea, vomiting, rhinorrhea.
IV: Nausea, vomiting, flushing,
pruritus, rash, tachycardia.

metabolite. Therapeutic Effect:

Facilitates the removal of
pulmonary secretions by
coughing, postural drainage,
mechanical means. Protects
against acetaminophen overdoseinduced hepatotoxicity.
GN: Tramadol
BN:
Classification: Analgesics,
opioid-like, centrally acting

GN: Levofloxacin
BN:
Classification: Fluoroquinolone
anti-infectives

GN: Fluconazole
BN: Diflucan
Classification: Antifungals

GN: Piperacillin Tazobactam

BN:
Classification: Antibiotics,
extended-spectrum penicillin and
-lactamase inhibitor

An analgesic that binds to opioid receptors and inhibits

reuptake of norepinephrine and
serotonin. Reduces the intensity
of pain stimuli reaching sensory
nerve endings. Therapeutic
Effect: Alters the perception of
and emotional response to pain.

- Moderate to severe pain

Frequent (5%-15%)
Dizziness or vertigo, nausea,
constipation, headache,
somnolence.

A fluoroquinolone that inhibits

the enzyme DNA gyrase in
susceptible microorganisms,
interfering with bacterial cell
replication and repair.
Therapeutic Effect: Bactericidal

-Bronchitis
-Community-acquired pneumonia
-Pneumonia nosocomial
-Acute maxillary sinusitis
-Skin and skin-structure infections
-Urinary tract infection, acute
pyelonephritis
-Bacterial conjunctivitis
-Corneal ulcer
-Oropharyngeal candidiasis
-Esophageal candidiasis
-Vaginal candidiasis
-Systemic candidiasis
-Cryptococcal meningitis
-Onychomycosis

Occasional
Diarrhea, nausea, abdominal
pain, dizziness, drowsiness,
headache, light-headedness.

-Renal impairment
-Infections

Frequent
Diarrhea, headache, constipation,
nausea, insomnia, rash.

A fungistatic antifungal that

interferes with cytochrome P-450,
an enzyme necessary for
ergosterol formation.
Therapeutic Effect: Directly
damages fungal membrane,
altering its function.
Piperacillin inhibits cell wall
synthesis by binding to bacterial
cell membranes. Tazobactam
inactivates bacterial -lactamase.
Active against gram-negative and
anaerobic organisms, including

Hypersensitivity reaction
(including chills, fever, pruritus,
and rash), dizziness, drowsiness,
dyspepsia, headache,
constipation, diarrhea, nausea,
vomiting, abdominal pain, taste
perversion.

GN: Cefuroxime
BN:
Classification: Antibiotics,
cephalosporin (second
generation)

GN: Ceftazidime
BN:
Classification: Antibiotic,
cephalosporin (third generation)

Pseudomonas spp., as well as

methicillin-sensitive gram
positives.
Therapeutic Effect: Bactericidal
in susceptible
A second-generation
cephalosporin that binds to
bacterial cell membranes and
inhibits cell wall synthesis.
Therapeutic Effect:
Bactericidal.

- Pharyngitis, tonsillitis
- Acute otitis media
-Bacterial Menigitis

Frequent
Discomfort with IM
administration, oral candidiasis,
mild diarrhea, mild abdominal
cramping, vaginal candidiasis.
Occasional
Nausea, serum sickness-like
reaction (marked by fever and
joint pain; usually occurs after the
second course of therapy and
resolves after the drug is
discontinued).
*same with Cefuroxime*

A third-generation cephalosporin
that binds to bacterial cell
membranes and inhibits cell wall
synthesis.
Therapeutic Effect:
Bactericidal.

-Urinary tract infection

-Mild to moderate infections

A third-generation cephalosporin
that binds to bacterial cell
membranes and inhibits cell wall
synthesis. Therapeutic Effect:
Bactericidal.

-Skin and skin-structure infections

-Meningitis
-Lyme disease
-Acute bacterial otitis media

*same with Cefuroxime*

An electrolyte that is essential for

the function and integrity of the
nervous, muscular, and skeletal
systems. Calcium plays an
important role in normal cardiac

-Hyperphosphatemia
-Hypocalcemia
-Osteoporosis

Frequent
PO: Chalky taste.
Parenteral: Hypotension; flushing;
feeling of warmth; nausea;
vomiting; pain, rash, redness, or

GN:Ciprofloxacin
BN:
Classification:
GN: Ceftriaxone
BN:
Classification: Antibiotics,
cephalosporin (third generation)
GN: Calcium Carbonate
BN:
Classification: Minerals

and renal function, respiration,

blood coagulation, and cell
membrane and capillary
permeability. It helps to regulate
the release and storage of
neurotransmitters and hormones,
and it neutralizes or reduces
gastric acid (increased pH).
Calcium combines with dietary
phosphate to form insoluble
calcium phosphate. Therapeutic
Effect: Replaces calcium in
deficiency states; controls
hyperphosphatemia in end-stage
renal disease.

burning at injection site;

diaphoresis.
Occasional
PO: Mild constipation, fecal
impaction, peripheral edema,
metabolic alkalosis (muscle pain,
restlessness, slow breathing).
Rare
Difficult or painful urination.

GN: Tranexamic acid

BN:
Classification:
GN: Cefepime
BN:
Classification: Antibiotics,
cephalosporin (fourth generation)

GN: Silver Sulfadiazine

BN:
Classification: Anti-infectives,
topical, dermatologics

A fourth-generation
cephalosporin that binds to
bacterial cell membranes and
inhibits cell wall synthesis.
Therapeutic Effect:
Bactericidal.

An anti-infective that acts on cell

wall and cell membrane. Releases
silver slowly in concentrations
selectively toxic to bacteria.

-Pneumonia
-Intra-abdominal infections
-Urinary tract infections

-Burns

Therapeutic Effect: Produces

bactericidal effect.

Frequent
Discomfort with IM
administration, oral candidiasis,
mild diarrhea, mild abdominal
cramping, vaginal candidiasis.
Occasional
Nausea
Side effects characteristic of all
sulfonamides may occur when
systemically absorbed such as
with extensive burn areas,
anorexia, nausea, vomiting,
headache, diarrhea, dizziness,
photosensitivity, joint pain.
Frequent
Burning feeling at treatment site.

GN: Mupirocin

An antibacterial agent that

-Burns

Frequent

BN:
Classification: Topical antiinfective

inhibits bacterial protein, RNA

synthesis. Less effective on DNA
synthesis. Effective against most
gram-positive aerobic bacteria,
including MRSA.
Therapeutic Effect: Prevents
bacterial growth and replication.
Bacteriostatic.

-Impetigo, infected traumatic skin

lesions
-Nasal colonization of resistant
Staphylococcus aureus

Nasal: Headache, rhinitis, upper

respiratory congestion,
pharyngitis, altered taste.

A glucocorticoid that inhibits the

accumulation of inflammatory
cells and decreases and prevents
tissues from responding to the
inflammatory process.
Therapeutic Effect: Relieves
symptoms of asthma, allergic
rhinitis, or Crohn disease.
A benzimidazole that is converted
to active metabolites that
irreversibly bind to and inhibit
hydrogen-potassium adenosine
triphosphatase, an enzyme on
the surface of gastric parietal
cells. Inhibits hydrogen ion
transport into gastric lumen.
Therapeutic Effect: Increases
gastric pH, reduces gastric acid
production.
A proton-pump inhibitor that
selectively inhibits the parietal
cell membrane enzyme system
(hydrogen-potassium adenosine
triphosphatase) or proton pump.
Therapeutic Effect: Suppresses
gastric acid secretion.

-Allergic or vasomotor rhinitis

-Bronchial asthma

Frequent
Nasal: Mild nasopharyngeal
irritation, burning, stinging, or
dryness; headache; cough.
Inhalation: Flu-like symptoms,
headache, pharyngitis.

- Erosive esophagitis, poorly

responsive gastroesophageal
reflux disease (GERD), active
duodenal ulcer, prevention and
treatment of NSAID-induced
ulcers

Frequent
Headache.

-Duodenal ulcer
-Erosive esophagitis
-GERD
-Gastric ulcer
-Helicobacter pylori infection
Pathologic hypersecretory
conditions (including ZollingerEllison syndrome)

Occasional (2%-3%)
Diarrhea, abdominal pain, rash,
pruritus, altered appetite.

Occasional
Nasal: Burning, stinging, cough.
Topical: Pain, burning, stinging,
itching.

GN: Salbutamol/Ipratropium
BN:
Classification:
GN: Budesonide
BN:
Classification: Corticosteroids,
inhalation

GN: Omeprazole
BN:Prilosec
Classification:

GN: Lansoprazole
BN:
Classification: Gastrointestinals,
proton-pump inhibitors

Occasional
Diarrhea, abdominal pain,
nausea.

Severe hepatic disease

GN: Hydrocortisone
BN:
Classification: Corticosteroids,
topical, dermatologics, antiinflammatory

An adrenocortical steroid that

inhibits the accumulation of
inflammatory cells at
inflammation sites, phagocytosis,
lysosomal enzyme release, and
synthesis and release of
mediators of inflammation.
Therapeutic Effect: Prevents or
suppresses cell-mediated
immune reactions. Decreases or
prevents tissue response to
inflammatory process.

- Acute adrenal insufficiency

- Anti-inflammation,
immunosuppression
- Corticosteroid Responsive
Dermatoses

Frequent
Insomnia, heartburn,
nervousness, abdominal
distention, diaphoresis, acne,
mood swings, increased appetite,
facial flushing, delayed wound
healing, increased susceptibility
to infection, diarrhea, or
constipation.