Escolar Documentos
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Gas/Liquids SeparatorsPart 3
Quantifying Separation Performance
Mark Bothamley, John M. Campbell/PetroSkills
34
Vertical Separator
Horizontal Separator
80.00
20.00
Maximum length/diameter
10.0
Minimum length/diameter
Minimum distance between HLSD and inlet device, ft
Minimum distance between HLSD and mist extractor, ft
Minimum distance between inlet device and mist
extractor, ft
1.5
2.5
ID6=0.5
ID>6=1.0
N/A
ID6=0.75
ID>6=1.0
N/A
ID6=1.17
ID>6=1.5
ID6=0.5
ID>6=0.75
0.75
ID6=0.5
ID>6=1.0
0.5
0.75
Re-entrainment, ft/sec
N/A
Vr<Vr, max
Maximum HLSD/Di
N/A
35
20
18
16
14
gal/MMscf
0.20
12
0.15
10
8
0.10
6
4
0.05
0.00
500
1000
1500
2
0
2000
0.25
0.60
30
0.50
25
0.40
20
0.30
15
gal/MMscf
35
10
0.20
0.10
0.00
500
1000
1500
Droplet size, microns
Cumulative gal/MMscf
40
0.70
Value
0
2000
20,000
1.00
0.80
Parameter
0.125
489
V2 Limit,
lb/ft-sec2
Minimum Distance
Between HLSD and
Inlet Device (Vertical),
Fraction of Vessel ID
No inlet device
700
0.4
1.0
0.6
Diverter/splash
plate
950
0.4
1.5
0.5
Half-open pipe
1,400
0.3
1.0
0.45
Multivane
(Schoepentoeter/
Evenflow)
4,000
0.2
1.1
0.3
Cyclonic
10,000
0.2*
1.1
0.45
*Cyclonic inlets are partially submerged below the normal liquid level (NLL).
36
Description
Percent
Voidage
Wire
Diameter,
in.
Surface
Area,
ft2/ft3
Thickness, ft
Nominal
Design Ks,
V/H
Maximum
HLSD/Di
Minimum
Gas-Space
Height, ft
High-capacity
wire mesh
0.986
0.011
65
0.5
0.38
0.75
1.5
Standard wire
mesh
0.982
0.011
85
0.5
0.35
0.75
1.5
High-efficiency
wire mesh:
0.011
12
0.976
0.011
115
0.5
0.35
0.75
1.5
High-efficiency
wire mesh:
0.006
12
0.976
0.006
200
0.5
0.25
0.75
1.5
Maximum
HLSD/Di
Minimum
Gas-Space
Height, ft
Number
of Bends
Nominal
Thickness, ft Design Ks,
V/H
Simple vane
design
0.5
45
0.7
0.50
0.65
2.0
Highperformance
vane design:
single pocket
0.5
45
0.7
0.80
0.65
2.0
Highperformance
vane design:
double pocket
0.5
45
0.7
1.00
0.65
2.0
Cyclone
Nominal
Diameter, in.
Cyclone
Spacing,
Distance
Between
Centerlines, D
1.75
10
45
1.10
0.65
2.0
3-in. axial
flow cyclone
1.75
15
45
1.30
0.65
2.0
Inlet Swirl
Length,
Angle,
in.
degrees
Nominal
Design Ks
(Based on
Bundle Face
Area)
Maximum
HLSD/Di
Minimum
Gas-Space
Height, ft
37
Design
Actual
Comments
0.10
0.00
Primary
specification
2.0%
0.3%
Primary
specification
500
72
Secondary
requirement
2.00
9.49
Secondary
requirement
3.1%
14.8
92.2%
37.2
0.50
0.18
1.52
0.27
Separable oil droplet size from gas in gas gravity separation section,
microns
274
69.9%
11.2
0.03
0.27
0.27
100.00%
N/A
N/A
N/A
38
Constraint
Constraint
Inside diameter, ft
6.1
Length s/s, ft
11.5
Length/diameter
1.76
2.21
28,533
TABLE 9-NOZZLES
Nozzles
Inlet nozzle
0.60
12
0.50
10
0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00
100
200
300
400
Droplet size, microns
Size, in.
16
0
500
0.00020
0.00015
0.00015
gal/MMscf
Dry weight, lb
14
Cumulative gal/MMscf
6.5
0.70
Cumulative gal/MMscf
Outside diameter, ft
gal/MMscf
0.00010
0.00010
0.00005
0.00005
0.00000
10
20
30
40
0.00000
50
12
TABLE 10-LEVELS
HLSD, ft
4.01
HLA, ft
3.26
NLL, ft
2.50
LLA, ft
1.75
LLSD, ft
1.00
39
200,000
20
Gas capacity
constrained
18
Liquid capacity
constrained
160,000
16
140,000
14
120,000
12
100,000
10
80,000
60,000
40,000
20,000
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Vessel weight, lb
180,000
100 MMscf/D
1,000 psig
100F
Gas SG=0.7
Oil API=35
Std mesh pad
Half-pipe inlet
No perforated plates
0.1 gal/MMscf spec
2.0% v/v free gas in oil spec
Weight
Length
Diameter
L/D
0
100
Fig. 5Vertical separator size and weight vs. the inlet liquid content.
Volume, ft3
Distance, ft
Time, sec
Time, min
HLA-HLSD
22
0.75
260
4.34
LLA-HLA
44
1.51
524
8.74
LLA-LLSD
22
0.75
260
4.34
40
0.35
3.5%
3.0%
0.25
2.5%
0.20
2.0%
0.15
1.5%
0.10
1.0%
0.05
0.5%
0.00
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Ks, ft/sec
Liquid capacity
constrained
Gas capacity
constrained
0.30
100 MMscf/D
1,000 psig
100F
Gas SG=0.7
Oil API=35
Std mesh pad
Half-pipe inlet
No perforated plates
0.1 gal/MMscf spec
2.0% v/v free gas in oil spec
0.0%
100
Fig. 6Vertical separator gas handling (Ks) and oil degassing performance vs. the inlet liquid content.
41
450
Entrainment, gal/MMscf
400
350
300
250
ID=6.1 ft
L=11.5 ft
L/D=1.8 ft
200
150
0.80
0.70
0.60
0.50
0.40
0.30
Design feed-pipe
size (16 in.)
100
0.90
Carry-over, gal/MMscf
500
Feed pipe
Exit from inlet
device
Inlet to mist
extractor
Carry-over
0.20
0.10
50
0
12
14
16
18
20
0.00
100,000
20
90,000
18
80,000
16
70,000
14
60,000
12
50,000
10
40,000
30,000
20,000
10,000
No inlet device
100 MMscf/D
10 bbl/MMscf
1,000 psig
100F
Gas SG=0.7
Diverter/splash
plate
Oil API=35
Std mesh pad
No perforated plates
0.1 gal/MMscf spec
2.0% v/v free gas in oil spec
Half-open pipe
Cyclonic
Inlet device
The design V2 for the cyclonic inlet was set at
8,000 lb/ft-sec2 to reduce the entrainment fraction
in the feed pipe and to minimize droplet size reduction.
A V2 value of 10,000 lb/ft-sec2 would not allow the
0.1 gal/MMscf carry-over spec to be achieved.
Fig. 8The effect of the inlet device on the vertical scrubber weight.
42
Vane-type
Vessel weight, lb
Vessel
weight
Length
Inside
diameter
Vessel weight, lb
30,000
14
12
25,000
10
20,000
15,000
10,000
5,000
High
capacity
wire
mesh
Standard
wire
mesh
High
eff. wire
mesh
Simple
vane
design
High
High
2-in. axial- 2-in. axialperformance performance
flow
flow
vane design- vane design- cyclone
cyclone w/
single
double
vane-type
pocket
pocket
inlet device*
35,000
Vessel
weight
Length
Inside
diameter
Oil API=35
Std mesh pad
No perforated plates
0.1 gal/MMscf spec
2.0% v/v free gas in oil spec
Fig. 9The effect of mist extractor type on the vertical scrubber size and weight.
43
3.0%
All mist extractors oriented
for vertical flow
0.50
2.5%
0.40
2.0%
0.30
1.5%
Min diameter limited by 2%
free gas in oil spec
0.20
Ks
Free
gas
0.5%
0.10
0.00
1.0%
0.60
High
capacity
wire
mesh
Standard
wire
mesh
High
eff. wire
mesh
Simple
vane
design
High
High
2-in. axial- 2-in. axial-flow
performance performance
flow
cyclone w/
vane design- vane design- cyclone
vane-type
single
double
inlet device*
pocket
pocket
0.0%
Oil API=35
Std mesh pad
No perforated plates
0.1 gal/MMscf spec
2.0% v/v free gas in oil spec
Fig. 10The effect of mist extractor type on gas handling and liquid degassing performance.
44
40,000
40
100 MMscf/D
100 bbl/MMscf
1,000 psig
100F
Gas SG=0.7
Oil API=35
Std mesh pad
Half-pipe inlet
No perforated plates
2.0% v/v free gas in oil spec
Vessel weight, lb
30,000
25,000
35
30
25
20,000
20
15,000
15
10,000
10
5,000
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
35,000
Weight
Length
Diameter
L/D
0
100
Fig. 11The horizontal separator size and weight vs. inlet liquid content.
Conclusions
1.00
2.0%
0.90
1.8%
0.80
1.6%
0.70
1.4%
0.60
1.2%
0.50
1.0%
0.40
0.8%
0.30
0.6%
0.20
0.4%
0.10
0.2%
0.00
Ks, ft/sec
0.0%
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Fig. 12Horizontal separator gas handling (Ks) and oil degassing performance vs. inlet liquid content.
150,000
100 MMscf/D
100 bbl/MMscf
1,000 psig
100F
Gas SG=0.7
Oil API=35
Std mesh pad
Half-pipe inlet
No perforated plates
2.0% v/v free gas in oil spec
125,000
Vessel weight, lb
100,000
75,000
Vertical
Horizontal
50,000
25,000
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Fig. 13The effect of vessel weight on liquid content in horizontal and vertical separators.
46
100
47