Complete Blood Count

Purpose:

To review your overall health. Your doctor may recommend a complete

blood count as part of a routine medical examination to monitor your general
health and to screen for a variety of disorders, such as anemia or leukemia.

To diagnose a medical condition. Your doctor may suggest a complete

blood count if you're experiencing weakness, fatigue, fever, inflammation,
bruising or bleeding. A complete blood count may help diagnose the cause of
these signs and symptoms. If your doctor suspects you have an infection, the
test can also help confirm that diagnosis.

To monitor a medical condition. If you've been diagnosed with a blood

disorder that affects blood cell counts, your doctor may use complete blood
counts to monitor your condition.

To monitor medical treatment. A complete blood count may be used to

monitor your health if you're taking medications that may affect blood cell
counts.

Complete Blood Count result

as of 2016

WBC

July
18
14.9

July
21
11.5

NEU

10.2

7.42

LYM
MON
O
EOS

1.27
2.49

1.12
.777

.147

1.43

BAS
O
RBC

.790

.755

5.10

4.46

HGB

12.6

16.8

HCT

38.8

34.4

MCV

75.9

77.1

MCH

24.6

24.2

July
25
11.9

7.98

1.22
.784

July
27
11.8

8.01

1.74
.486

1.19

.714

3.06

7.39

23.6

77.1

24.2

.648

.875

3.77

9.48

29.8

78.9

25.1

July
29
12.8

8.46

1.57
1.68

.764

.348

3.11

8.26

24.9

80.1

July
30
9.92

26.6

5.98
1.28
1.15

July
31
11.3

7.20

Normal
Range
4.10 10.9
k/uL

2.50 7.50 %
1.00 4.00 %
.100 1.20 %

.832

.679

3.15

8.07

25.4

80.5

1.20
1.24

.984

.706

3.55

9.18

28.6

80.7

25.6

25.9

26.0 34.0

0.00 - .500 %
0.00 .100 %
4.00 5.20
m/uL

12.0 16.0
g/dL

36.0 46.0 %
80.0 100 fL

31.4

31.3

31.9

33.2

31.8

32.0

pg

MCH
C
RDW
PLT

32.5

31.0 36.0

13.8
177.

13.5
272.

13.5
278.

13.5
237.

14.8
179.

14.6
180.

14.5
185.

11.6 18.0 %
140. 440.

MPV

14.1

13.4

11.1

12.5

8.66

12.6

12.9

1.0 99.9 fL

Augus
t4
14.1

August
7
19.6

August
13
8.86

August 14

WBC

Augus
t3
13.6

9.69

Normal
Range
4.10 10.9

NEU
LYM
MON
O
EOS
BAS
O
RBC

10.2
.621
1.28

9.22
1.06
2.03

14.5
1.33
2.11

4.97
2.21
.247

5.28
1.02
1.39

2.50 7.50 %
1.00 4.00 %
.100 1.20 %

.769
.722

.829
.842

.647
.845

.802
.633

.968
1.03

0.00 - .500 %
0.00 .100 %

3.72

3.44

3.05

3.14

2.99

4.00 5.20

HGB

10.1

9.12

8.29

8.07

7.53

12.0 16.0

g/dL

k/uL

k/uL

m/uL
g/dL

HCT
MCV
MCH
MCH
C
RDW
PLT

30.2
81.2
27.1
33.3

28.0
81.4
26.6
32.7

25.1
82.4
27.2
33.0

24.5
78.3
25.7
32.9

23.3
78.0
25.2
32.3

36.0 46.0 %
80.0 100 fL
26.0 34.0 pg
31.0 36.0

13.7
178.

14.7
163.

14.0
161.

13.2
243.

13.0
207.

11.6 18.0 %
140. 440.

MPV

12.0

13.8

13.3

15.2

13.2

0.00 99.9 fL

g/dL

k/uL

Implications:
Red Blood Cells (RBC), Hemoglobin (HGB), Hematocrit (HCT), Mean
Corpuscle Volume (MCV), and Mean Corpuscle Hemoglobin (MCH) may
indicate there is bleeding (GI Bleeding), anemia (Anemia of Chronic Disease).

Hemoglobin (HGB), may indicate low O2 level in the blood for a long due to
heart or lung disease (Congestive Heart Failure, Pulmonary Hypertension,
Pleural Effusion)
White blood cells (WBC), Neutrophils (NEU), Monocytes (MONO), may
indicate white blood cells fighting an infection.
Basophils (BASO) and Eosinophils (EOS) may indicate allergic reactions or
inflammation in the body.
Lymphocytes (LYM) may indicate that the body is susceptible to infections.

Hematology Report

Purpose: Partial thromboplastin time (PTT) is a blood test that looks at how long it
takes for blood to clot. It can help tell if you have a bleeding problem or if your
blood does not clot properly. The prothrombin time (also called the protime or PT)
and the INR are tests used to assess blood clotting. Blood clotting factors are
proteins made by the liver. When the liver is significantly injured, these proteins are
not produced normally. The PT and INR are also useful liver function tests since
there is a good correlation between abnormalities in coagulation measured by these
tests and the degree of liver dysfunction.
Partial
Thromboplastin TIme
Patient
Control
Prothrombin Time
Patient
Activity
INR
Control
Control Activity
Implications:

July 19

Normal Range

48.7
29.4

26.4 36.7 sec

sec

20.9
45
1.80
13.1
100.0

Sec
>70%
<=1.21
Sec
%

Partial Thromboplastin Time, may indicate bleeding disorders (GI Bleeding),

low level of Vitamin K, liver disease and difficulty absorbing nutrients from
the food.
International Normalised Ratio (INR) indicates that blood clots are slowly
than desired. Clotting too slowly is caused by liver problems, low level of
Vitamin K, inadequate levels of protein.

Liver Function Test

Purpose: Albumin helps move many small molecules through the blood, including
bilirubin, calcium, progesterone, and medicines. It plays an important role in
keeping the fluid from the blood from leaking out into the tissues. This test can help
determine if a patient has liver disease or kidney disease, or if the body is not
absorbing enough protein.

Implications:

Liver Function Test

result as of July 31, 2016
Result
Normal
Range
Albumin
3.25
3.80 5.10
g/dL

Albumin causes decrease oncotic pressure leading to edema.

Blood Fluid Analysis

Purpose: Pleural fluid analysis is used to help diagnose the cause of accumulation
of fluid in the chest cavity (pleural effusion).

Specimen:
Gross:
Cell Count:
RBC:
WBC:
Differential
Count:
Neutrophils:
Eosinophils:
Basophil:
Lymphocytes
:

July 22
Right Lung
Left Lung
PLEURAL FLUID
Bloody with big
Yellow, cloudy
clot
37,500/ cumm
13/ cumm

8,500/ cumm
627/ cumm

23%
04%
04%
61%
08%

05%
01%
0%
92%
02%

Monocytes:
Total:

100%

100%

Implications:

Right Lung
o Bloody with big clot may indicate decongestion of the pleural space.
o RBC may indicate trauma, malignancy or pulmonary infarction

Left Lung
o Yellow, cloudy may indicate the presence of white blood cells fighting
an infection.

Initial Blood Gas Report

Purpose: This measures the acidity (pH) and the levels of O2 and CO2 in the blood from an
artery. This test is used to check how well your lungs are able to move oxygen into the blood
and remove CO2 from the blood. An ABG measures:

Partial pressure of O2 (PaO2): measures the pressure of oxygen dissolved in the blood
and how well oxygen is able to move from the airspace of the lungs into the blood
Partial pressure of CO2 (PaCO2): measures how much carbon dioxide is dissolved in
the blood and how well carbon dioxide is able to move out of the body
pH: measures hydrogen ions (H+) in blood
bicarbonate (HCO3): a chemical buffer that keeps the pH of blood from becoming too
acidic or too basic
Oxygen content (TCO2): measures the amount of oxygen in the blood
Oxygen saturation (O2 sat): measures how much HGB in the red blood cells is
carrying oxygen

Initial Blood Gas Report result

as of 2016

pH
pCO2
pO2
HCO3
TCO2
ABE

July 18
7.447
29.6 mmHg
64.3 mmHg
22.1 mmol/L
18.5 mmol/L
-2.7 mmol/L

Sat. O2

95.1%

Normal Range
7.35 7.45
32 48 mmHg
75 100 mmHg
20 24 mmol/L
21 25 mmol/L
-3.3 (+)1.2
mmol/L
95 99%

Implications:

Fully compensated respiratory alkalosis with adequate oxygenation.

Diagnostic Microbiology

CULTURE AND SENSITIVITY

This test determines the type of organism causing the pleural effusion, if it is
spreading to the blood and in the lungs, as well as which antibiotics would be
most effective in treating it.

Specimen: Sputum
Date
July 19

July 20

Result
Gram (+) Diptheroids Few/OIF
Gram (-) Cocci in pairs Few/OIF
Pus cells: more than 25
Epithelial cells: less than 10
P.R. Smear of culture: Gram (-) rods
P.R. Culture in progress

July 21

F.R. Culture
a: Escherichia coli
b: Klebsiella pneumoniae
c: Pseudomonas
aeruginosa

Implication:
Presence of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and
Pseudomonas aeruginosa in sputum may indicate pneumonia.

Specimen: Pleural Fluid (Right Lung)

Date
July 23

July 24
July 25
July 26
Implication:

Specimen: Pleural Fluid (Left lung)

Date
July 23

July 24
July 25
July 26
Implication:

Result
Smear of Specimen:
Gram staining: No
microorganisms seen
Pus cells:
Few/OIF
P.R. No growth after 1 day of
incubation
P.R. No growth after 2 days of
incubation
P.R. No growth after 3 days of
incubation
P.R. No growth after 4 days of
incubation
No bacterial growth noted after 4 days of incubation.

Result
Smear of Specimen:
Gram staining: No
microorganisms seen
Pus cells:
Few/OIF
P.R. No growth after 1 day of
incubation
P.R. No growth after 2 days of
incubation
P.R. No growth after 3 days of
incubation
P.R. No growth after 4 days of
incubation
No bacterial growth noted after 4 days of incubation.

AFB Staining

AFB testing may be used to detect several different types of acid-fast

bacilli, but it is most commonly used to identify an active tuberculosis
(TB) infection caused by the most medically important AFB,
Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Specimen: Pleural (Left lung)

Date
July 24

Result
F.R.
Smear of Specimen:
AFB Staining: Negative for
Acid Fast Bacilli
National TB Program scale =
0

Implication: No Acid Fast Bacilli seen over 300 visual fields.

Hepatitis Test
Purpose: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) tests detect antibodies produced in response to
HBV infection; some detect antigens produced by the virus, and others detect viral
DNA.
Tesst
Anti-hepatitis
A Virus IgM
Anti-hepatitis
B Core
Hepatitis Be
Antigen
Hepatitis Be
Antibody
Hepatitis B
Surface
Antigen
Hepatitis B
Surface
Antibody
Anti-hepatitis
C

Cut-off
1.0

August 7
Result
0.44

Interpretation
Nonreactive

1.0

5.93

Reactive

1.0

0.275

Nonreactive

1.0

1.03

Nonreactive

1.0

0.22

Nonreactive

10.0 mlU/ml

19.41

Nonreactive

1.0

0.11

Nonreactive

Rescreening Result (Hepatitis Test)

Test
Hepatitis B Surface
Antigen

Cut-off
1.0

August 8
Result
0.20

Interpretation
Nonreactive

Anti-hepatitis C
Anti HIV
Syphilis TP assay
Implication:

1.0
1.0
1.0

0.06
0.13
0.16

Nonreactive
Nonreactive
Nonreactive

High Anti-HBc: presence of anti-HBc indicates previous or ongoing infection with

hepatitis B virus in an undefined time frame. Interpretation is still unclear, four
possibilities: Resolved infection, false positive anti-HBc, low level chronic infection,
resolving acute infection.
High Anti-HBs: Anti-HBs also develops in a person who has been successfully
vaccinated against hepatitis B.
High anti-HBs and anti-HBc: indicates immunity due to natural infection.

X-RAY
PURPOSE: An X-ray is an imaging test that uses small amounts of radiation to
produce pictures of the organs, tissues, and bones of the body. When focused on the
chest, it can help spot abnormalities or diseases of the airways, blood vessels,
bones, heart, and lungs. Chest X-rays can also determine if you have fluid in your
lungs, or fluid or air surrounding your lungs.

Result: July 18,2016

Radiologic findings
Examination reveals the cardiac silhouette is enlarged.
There is hilar haziness.
There is hazy density noted in the left lower lung
There is hazy density noted in the right lower lung.

Conclusion: A.) Cardiomegaly associated with pulmonary edema and congestion.

B.) BILATERAL pleural effusion

Result: July 21,2016

Examination reveals there are reticular desities in the right lung. Both lung bses are
hazy. There are no bony abnormalities.

Conclusion: 1.) Pneumonia in the RIGHT mid lung. Suggest reray in a period of 7-10
days as a follow-up study.

2.) Pleural thickening and or effusion BILATERAL

Result: July 24, 2016

Reray of the chest reveals both lung bases are hazy. The cardiac silhouette is
enlarged. The pulmonary vessela are not enlarged.

The previously described pneumonia in the right mid lung is no longer seen.

CONCLUSION: 1.) Resolution of the Right mid lung Pneumonia.

2.) Pleural thickening BILATERAL.
3.) Cardiomegaly

IMPLICATIONS: If the alveoli and small airways fill with dense material, the lung is
said to be consolidated. If consolidation becomes worse and untreated, lifethreatening hypoxia can occur.

ULTRASOUND
PURPOSE: Diagnostic ultrasound, also called sonography or diagnostic me dical
sonography, is an imaging method that uses high-frequency sound waves to
produce images of structures within your body. The images can provide valuable
information for diagnosing and treating a variety of diseases and conditions.

Result: July 19,2016

Sonographic Findings
Examination reveals there is fluid in the right hemithorax, marked and estimated.
There are no fibrous bands to suggest loculation.

Axillary marker = 127cc

Depth of

= 5.0 cm

Posterior marker = 202cc

Depth of

= 5.0cm

There is fluid in the left hemithorax, marked and estimated.

There are no fibrous bands to suggest loculation.

Axillary marker = 376cc

Depth of

= 5.0 cm

Posterior marker =490cc

Depth of

= 5.0cm

Conclusion: BILATERAL Pleural effusion, marked and estimated

IMPLICATIONS: Fluid accumulates in the space between the layers of pleura.

Excessive fluid may accumulate because the body does not handle fluid properly
(such as in congestive heart failure, or kidney and liver disease). The fluid in pleural
effusions also may result from inflammation, such as in pneumonia.

LABORATORY RESULTS- Clinical Chemistry

PURPOSE: Laboratory tests demonstrating the presence of physiologically
significant substances in the blood, urine, tissue, and body fluids with application to
the diagnosis or therapy of disease.

Results:

Analy
te

Clinic
al
Chem
istry

CONVENTIONAL UNITS
Result Result Result Norm
7/18/
7/22/
7/30/
al
16
16
16
Range

Result
7/18/
16

S.I UNITS
Result Result
7/22/
7/30/
16
16

Norm
al
Rang
e

Blood
Urea
Nitrog
en

26.1
mg/dL
(HIGH
)

[7.018.0]

Creati
nine

0.99
mg/dL

[0.601.50]

Uric
acid

7.20
mg/dL
(HIGH
)

[2.307.00]

SGPT
(ALT)

10.4
U/L

[0.039.0]

428.4
0
umol/
L
(HIGH
)
10.4
U/L

Total
Protei
n

8.25
g/dL

[6.608.80]

82.50
g/L

Albu
min

3.42
g/dL
(LOW)

[3.805.10]

34.20
g/L
(LOW)

Globu
lin

4.83
g/dL
(HIGH
)
0.7

[2.803.70]

48.30
g/L
(HIGH
)
138
mmol
/L

Albu
min/G
lobuli
n
(A/G)
Sodiu
m
Potas
sium

138
mmol/
L
4.5
mmol/
L

3.37
g/dL
(LOW)

[-]

141
mmol/
L
4.4
mmol/
L

[136142]
[4.05.6]

9.3
mmol
/L
(HIGH
)
87.52
umol/
L

4.5m
mol/L

[2.56.4]

[53.0
4132.6
0]
[136.
85416.5
0]

[0.039.0]
33.70
g/dL
(LOW)

[66.0
088.00
]
[38.0
051.00
]
[28.0
037.00
]
[-]

141
mmol
/L
4.4
mmol
/L

[136142]
[4.05.6]

IMPLICATIONS:

Increased BUN levels: This may be due to acute or chronic kidney disease, damage,
or failure. It may also be due to a condition that results in decreased blood flow to

the kidneys, such as congestive heart failure. BUN concentrations may be elevated
when there is excessive protein breakdown (catabolism), significantly increased
protein in the diet, or gastrointestinal bleeding (because of the proteins present in
the blood).
Low protein and albumin levels: this may indicate that a patient has liver or kidney
problems; low levels may also indicate a problem which is affecting the absorption
or digestion of proteins.
High Globulin levels: indicates compensation due to underproduction of albumin or
loss of albumin.
High uric acid levels: indicates inversely proportional ratio of production and
excretion of uric acid in the kidneys which also may indicate a diuretic induced
hyperuricemia due to use of a loop diuretic.

Prothrombin Time Test

PURPOSE: Prothrombin time (PT) is a blood test that measures how long it takes
blood to clot. A prothrombin time test can be used to check for bleeding problems.
PT is also used to check whether medicine to prevent blood clots is working. A PT
test may also be called an INR test.

Test:

REFERENCE
VALUE

RESULT
7/18/16

Prothrom
bin Time:

Control (100%
Activity): 11.6
seconds

Patient:
20.1
seconds

%
Activity:
39.1

Activated
Partial
Thrombop
lastin
Time:
Bleeding
Time:
Clotting
Time:
Erythrocy
te
Sediment

N.V.: 32.1-44.8
seconds

N.V.: 1-3
minutes
N.V.: 2-6
minutes
N.V.: Male: 0-15
mm/hr
Female: 0-20

RESULT
7/21/1
6
***

Result
8//10/16
Patient:
17.9
seconds
%
Activity:
48.1 %
INR:
1.38

Result:
8/13/1
6
Patient
: 18.3
secon
ds
%
Activit
y: 44.1
%

INR:
1.53
5.80
seconds

***

***

***

***

***

***

***

***

***

***

***

***

***

***

***

Result
8/16/16
Patient: 15.4
seconds
% Activity:
62.7 %
INR: 1.19

ation
Rate:
Reticuloc
yte
Count:

Hemoglob
in:
Hematocr
it:
Platelet
Count
(Manual:)
Fibrinoge
n Assay:

mm/hr
Child:0-10
mm/hr
N.V.: Adult: 0.51.5 %
Newborn (0-7
days): 2.6-6.5%
7 days-1 year:
0.5-3.1%
2 years and
above: 0-2%

N.V.: 140,000440.000/
cu.mm
Interpretation:
Solid or large
sliding clot=
sufficient
fibrinogen
Moderate sized
sliding clot=
borderline
fibrinogen
Small clot to
fibrin strands=
low fibrinogen
No visible sign
of fibrinogen
formation=
very low

***

***

***

***

***

***

***

***

***

***

***

***

***

***

***

***

***

Borderl
ine
Fibrino
gen
(Semiquantit
ative
Prothro
mbin)

***

***

IMPLICATIONS:

High prothrombine time: is often caused by treatment with blood thinners.

Fecalysis- Occult Blood

Purpose: A feccal occult blood test is a noninvasive test (nothing enters the body).
This test detects hidden (occult) blood in the stool. Such blood may come from

anywhere along the digestive tract. Hdden blood in the stool is often the first, and in
many cases is only, warning sign that a person has colorectal disease, including
colon cancer.

RESULT: July 19, 2016

Gross: Black, Formed

Interpretation: POSITIVE

IMPLICATIONS:

Positive result. A fecal occult blood test is considered positive if blood is detected in
your stool samples.

URINALYSIS
PURPOSE: Urinalysis is a test that evaluates a sample of your urine. Urinalysis is
used to detect and assess a wide range of disorders, such as urinary tract infection,
kidney disease and diabetes. Urinalysis involves examining the appearance,
concentration and content of urine.

Result: July 18, 2016

MACROSCOPIC
COLOR

YELLOW

APPEARANCE

SLIGHTLY CLOUDY

PH

5.0

SPECIFIC GRAVITY

1.015

GLUCOSE

NEGATIVE

KETONE

NEGATIVE

BLOOD

PROTEIN

BILIRUBIN

NEGATIVE

UROBILINOGEN

NORMAL

NITRITE

NEGATIVE

ASCORBIC ACID

MICROSCOPIC
RBC/HPF

5-10/ HPF

WBC/HPF

0-1/ HPF

EPITHELIAL CELLS/ HPF

1-2/ HPF

AMORPHOUS MATERIAL

FEW (URATES)

BACTERIA

MODERATE

OTHERS

MUCUS THREAD: RARE;

HYALINE CAST: FEW

IMPLICATIONS:

Protein. Low levels of protein in urine are normal. Small increases in protein in urine
usually aren't a cause for concern, but larger amounts may indicate a kidney
problem.

Blood. Blood in your urine requires additional testing it may be a sign of kidney
damage, infection, kidney or bladder stones, kidney or bladder cancer, or blood
disorders.

ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY TESTING

PURPOSE: Antimicrobial susceptibility tests are used to determine which specific
antibiotics a particular bacteria or fungus is sensitive to. Most often, this testing
complements a Gram stain and culture, the results of which are obtained much
sooner. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests can guide the physician in drug choice and
dosage for difficult-to-treat infections.

Date: 07/21/16
Specimen: Sputum
Organism isolated: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Legends: DC: disc content

Antibiot
ic
BLactam/
BLactam
ase
Inhibito
rs:
Piperaci
llin/Tazo
bactam

R- Resistant

S- Sensitive

I- Intermediate

DC

MIC

RESULT

Antibiot
ic
Aminog
lycosid
es:

DC

MIC

RESULT

110 ug

19

Amikaci
n

30 ug

23

Gentam

10 ug

12

Cephal
osporin
s
Third
Generat
ion
Ceftadi
zime

Fourth
Generat
ion:
Cefepi
me

Fluoroq
uinolon
es:
Ciproflo
xacin
Levoflo
xacin
Norflox
acin
Ofloxaci
n

icin
Netilmi
cin
Tobram
ycin

30 ug

20

13

10 ug

17

10 ug

10 ug

26

30 ug

12

S
Carbap
enems:
Doripen
em

30 ug

30 ug

Imipene
m
Merope
nem

5 ug

26

Others:

5 ug

20

Aztreon
am

10 ug

10 ug
5 ug

IMPLICATIONS:
Sensitive - indicates that the antimicrobial agent in question may be an appropriate choice
for treating the infection caused by the bacterial isolate tested. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is
sensitive to Ceftadizime, Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin, Amikacin, Tobramycin,

Meropenem.

 Intermediate - the antimicrobial agent may still be effective against the tested isolate but
usually at higher concentrations. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is intermediate to

Piperacillin/Tazobactam, Netilmicin.
Resistant - indicates the antimicrobial agent in question may not be an appropriate choice
for treating the infection caused by the bacterial isolate tested. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is
resistant to Gentamicin, Cefepime, Imipenem, Aztreonam.

ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY
Purpose: a diagnostic test that uses ultrasound waves to create an image
of the heart muscle. Ultrasound waves that rebound or echo off the heart can
show the size, shape, and movement of the heart's valves and chambers as
well as the flow of blood through the heart. Echocardiography may show
such abnormalities as poorly functioning heart valves or damage to the heart
tissue from a past heart attack.

Date: 7/18/16
Quantitative

Dimensio
n

Pa Norma Function Patien

tie
l
t
nt
LV (ed), cm 4.
4.5LVEDV,cc/
83
0
5.0
m2
LV (es), cm 2.
LVESV,cc/
27
6
m2
IVS (d),
09
8-11
SV,cc/beat
55
mm
IVS (s), mm 16
09
CO,L/min
3.72
LVPW (d), 10
8-11
EF, %
63
mm
LVPW (s),
15
3-8
FS, %
34
mm
Aorta, cm
2.
VCF,cm/se
4
c
LA, cm
5.
3-3.5
1
MPA, cm
2.
Decel
150
5
Time
LVET, sec
31
IVRT
0
EPSS, mm 09
<10
LVOT
RV. cm
3.
3.5-4
A
95
6
DURATION
RA, cm
4.
LAVI
26.2
5
MV
2.9
LVMI
72.9
annulus, m
TV
3.2
RWT
0.5
annulus,
cm

BIP
MOD

0.8-1.5

SPECTRL AND COLOR FLOW DOPPLER

VALVE

MAX
Velocity

PEAK
GRADIEN

ORIFICE
AREA cm

REGURGITAT
ION

AORTIC
MITRAL
TRICUSPI
D
PULMONI
C
PA
pressure

M/sec
0.50/3.1
5
1.74/0.5
9
0.55/0.6
4
1.32

T mmHg
1/40
12
1
7
PAT= 95
m/sec

QP:QS

IMPLICATIONS:
Decreased LV(ed)- indicative of congestive heart failure
Decreased LV (es)- indicative of congestive heart failure
Aorta- 2.4 cm -indicative of aortic stenosis
MPA- due to pulmonary hypertension
RA- due to right ventricular strain secondary to pulmonary
hypertension
LA- due to backflow of blood from pulmonary hypertension
IVS - due to congestive heart failure

LABORATORY RESULTS- Clinical Chemistry

PURPOSE: Laboratory tests demonstrating the presence of physiologically
significant substances in the blood, urine, tissue, and body fluids with application to
the diagnosis or therapy of disease.

LABORATORY RESULTS
Conventio

S.I Units

Analyte

nal Units
Result

Clinical
Chemistr
y
Calcium
(Ionized)

4.4 mg%
LOW

Normal
Range

Result

Normal
range

4.6-5.1

4.4 mg%
LOW

4.6-5.1

IMPLICATIONS:
Low calcium level due to diuretic and laxative intake.