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Mixture present
Components in
mixture
Biosphere
Lithosphere
Atmosphere
Hydrosphere
4. Use diagrams to describe the following processes:
a) Filtration
b) Sedimentation
b) Evaporation and
Crystallization
d) Fractional Distillation
e) Sieving
f) Decanting
Process used to
separate
components
Property that
makes this
possible
Metals
Non-Metals
10.
Justify (support an argument) the classification of gold
as a metal
11.
a) sodium
b) magnesium
c) chlorine
15.
Apply Lewis electron dot structures to electron sharing
between:
a) two atoms of chlorine sharing electrons to form a molecule of
chlorine
b) an atom of oxygen sharing electrons with two atoms of
hydrogen to form a molecule of water
16.
Define the term ionic compound and identify three
examples of ionic compounds.
17.
To which of the following ions would magnesium ions be
attracted: sodium ions, calcium ions, chloride ions, ammonium
ions or zinc ions. Explain your answer
18.
Identify the term used to describe the force between
sodium ions and chloride ions in the compound sodium
chloride.
19.
Distinguish between an atom of hydrogen and a
molecule of hydrogen
20.
21.
Covalent molecules are ones in which electrons are
share. Use Lewis electron dot diagrams to show molecules of:
a) water
b) methane
c) oxygen
d) ammonia
22.
a) a metal
b) an ionic compound
c) a covalent compound
25.
Describe the changes that occur when a silver salt is
exposed to light
26.
27.
Define and give everyday examples of the following
types of chemical reactions. For each of the examples
complete the table to identify the type of energy released or
used.
a) Decomposition definition
Example
Production of metals
from their ores
(copper from copper
carbonate)
Production of
aluminum from
bauxite
Development of film
Method used
Heat in furnace
Energy used or
released
Heat energy used to
decompose the
copper carbonate
b) Synthesis definition
Example
The rusting of iron
Method used
Iron interacts with
oxygen in air, in the
presence of water to
form a hydrated
form of iron(III) oxide
Energy used or
released
Energy released in
the form of heat
Photosynthesis
Formation of nitrogen
oxides in the
atmosphere
Burning coal or coke
to produce electricity
or to make steel
28.
Elements and compounds both have definite properties
such as boiling points and density, but mixtures do not.
Explain why this is the case.
29. When elements combine to form a compound, the compound
has properties, which are different to the properties of the
elements used to make the compound. Explain why this
happens, using an example.
Ionic
Melting and
boiling point
Hardness
Electrical
conductivity
when solid
Electrical
conductivity
when dissolved
in water
Electrical
conductivity
when molten
Covalent
Molecular
Covalent
Network
Very high
Hard
Poor
Good
Poor
Copper
Sodium
chloride
Nitrogen
Silicon
dioxide
Explanation in terms of
structure
Outer shell electrons are
delocalized (not held tightly to
the metal ion) and thus mobile
so they are free to carry the
charge
Physical property
compound
Strong ionic bonds throughout
the crystal lattice. A lot of
energy is needed to break
these bonds.
Heating makes ions vibrate.
This breaks the bonds and the
ions are then free to move and
carry the current
Water moves between the ions,
pushing them apart and
breaking the ionic bonds. The
ions are then free to move and
carry the electric charge
Ions are held in fixed positions
by strong ionic bonds that
extend throughout the lattice.
The ions can only vibrate, they
are not free to move and carry
the charge.
determined by structure
High melting and boiling points
Hard
Crystalline
b)
Cl-