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Q.1) Consider the following about Global Environment Facility (GEF) .It serves as financial
mechanism for?
1. Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)
2. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)
3. Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)
4. Montreal Protocol
5. UN Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD)
6. Minamata Convention on Mercury
Select the correct code
a) 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6
b) 2, 4 and 5
c) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
d) 1, 2, 3, 5 and 6
Q.1) Solution (d)
The GEF serves as financial mechanism for the following conventions:
Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)
Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)
UN Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD)
Minamata Convention on Mercury
Source- Picked from India Year Book, Chapter on Environment (Global Environment Facility)
Q.2) Consider the following
1. International Day for Biological Diversity is celebrated on 29th December
2. It is held on December 29 to celebrate the day the Convention on Biological Diversity
went into effect.
Select the correct code
a) Only 1
b) Only 2
c) Both
d) None
Q.2) Solution (d)
It is now celebrated on 22nd May. Earlier it was celebrated on 29th December until 2000.
Since then it is celebrated on 22nd May to commemorate the adoption of the Convention
on May 22, 1992 at the Rio Earth Summit.
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A flood can ruin farmlands. However, because the soil remains after the waters recede,
over the course of many years a natural secondary succession can occur and the
vegetation that had previously grown there can grow again.
Plants can be very susceptible to attack from pests, particularly if there is an
overpopulation of those pests. When this occurs, the plant population in one area can
be completely destroyed. However, when the pest overpopulation is resolved, the plants
are able to live again and thrive in the soil in which they previously had lived.
Q. 23) Consider the following with regard to National Green Tribunal (NGT)
1. NGT is bound by procedure laid down under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908
2. The tribunal has Original as well as Appellate jurisdiction
3. Tribunal is competent to hear cases for several acts such as Forest Right Act, Biological
Diversity Act, Environment (Protection) Act, Water & Air (Prevention & control of
Pollution) Acts.
Select the incorrect code
a) 1 and 2
b) Only 2
c) 1 and 3
d) 1, 2 and 3
Q.23) Solution (c)
The Tribunal's dedicated jurisdiction in environmental matters shall provide speedy
environmental justice and help reduce the burden of litigation in the higher courts. The
Tribunal shall not be bound by the procedure laid down under the Code of Civil Procedure,
1908, but shall be guided by principles of natural justice. The Tribunal is mandated to make
and endeavour for disposal of applications or appeals finally within 6 months of filing of the
same.
The Tribunal has Original Jurisdiction on matters of substantial question relating to
environment (i.e. a community at large is affected, damage to public health at broader
level) & damage to environment due to specific activity (such as pollution).
Also Tribunal is competent to hear cases for several acts such as Forest (Conservation) Act,
Biological Diversity Act, Environment (Protection) Act, Water & Air (Prevention & control of
Pollution) Acts etc. and also have appellate jurisdiction related to above acts after
establishment of Tribunal within a period of 30 days of award or order received by
aggrieved party.
Q.24) Consider the following statements about the Green India Mission (GIM). Its
mission is/are
1. To increase forest/tree cover to the extent of 5 million hectares
2. To enhance ecosystem services like timber and non-timber produce
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Ecological Footprint accounts answer a specific research question: how much of the
biological capacity of the planet is demanded by a given human activity or population? To
answer this question, the Ecological Footprint measures the amount of biologically
productive land and water area an individual, a city, a country, a region, or all of humanity
uses to produce the resources it consumes and to absorb the waste it generates with
todays technology and resource management practices. This demand on the biosphere can
be compared to biocapacity, a measure of the amount of biologically productive land and
water available for human use. Biologically productive land includes areas such as cropland,
forest, and fishing grounds, and excludes deserts, glaciers, and the open ocean
Ecological Footprints can be calculated for individual people, groups of people (such as a
nation), and activities (such as manufacturing a product).
The Ecological Footprint of a person is calculated by considering all of the biological
materials consumed, and all of the biological wastes generated, by that person in a given
year. These materials and wastes each demand ecologically productive areas, such as
cropland to grow potatoes, or forest to sequester fossil carbon dioxide emissions. All of
these materials and wastes are then individually translated into an equivalent number of
global hectares.
Q.37) Consider the statements regarding Coral bleaching
1. It is the loss of zooxanthellae through either expulsion or loss of algal pigmentation.
2. It happens due to increase in ocean temperature only
3. All the corals undergoing bleaching are dead corals
Select the correct code
a) 1 and 3
b) Only 2
c) Only 1
d) 2 and 3
Q.37) Solution (c)
First statement is true. Coral bleaching not only happens because of warm temperature but
can also happen due to Cold temperature. Not all bleaching events are due to warm water.
In January 2010, cold water temperatures in the Florida Keys caused a coral bleaching event
that resulted in some coral death. Water temperatures dropped 12.06 degrees Fahrenheit
lower than the typical temperatures observed at this time of year. Researchers will evaluate
if this cold-stress event will make corals more susceptible to disease in the same way that
warmer waters impact corals.
When a coral bleaches, it is not dead. Corals can survive a bleaching event, but they are
under more stress and are subject to mortality.
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Q.38) Which of the following are the features of newly notified E-Waste Management
Rules, 2016 by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change?
1. These rules for the first time will bring the producers under Extended Producer
Responsibility (EPR).
2. For the first time, Compact Fluorescent Lamp (CFL) and other mercury containing lamp
brought under the purview of rules.
3. Provision for Pan India EPR Authorization by CPCB has been introduced replacing the
state wise EPR authorization.
4. Micro and Small industry sector as defined in Micro Small and Medium Developmental
Act, 2006 are completely exempted with EPR Responsibility.
Choose the appropriate code:
a) 1 and 4 only
b) 1, 3 and 4 only
c) 1, 2 and 3 only
d) All of the above
Q.38) Solution (d)
Explanation:
All the given statements are correct and self-explanatory
India has emerged as the worlds fifth largest electronic waste (e-waste) producer.
Exemption continues for micro enterprises; however small enterprises, which have been
referred as one of the major source of generation of e-waste, have been included in the
rules for responsibility as manufacturer, without burdening them with EPR responsibility
as applicable to Producers.
Source: http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=138319
Q.39) Select the incorrect pair from the below given important environment related days
and its 2016 theme:
1. World Oceans Day (8th June every year) : : Healthy oceans, healthy planet
2. World Environment Day (5th June every year) : : Go Wild for Life -- Zero tolerance for
the illegal trade in wildlife
3. Earth Day (22nd April every year) : : Wetlands for our Future Sustainable Livelihoods
4. None of the above
Q.39) Solution (c)
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Q.47) Amur falcons has one of the longest and most fascinating migratory paths in the
avian kingdom. Consider the following statements regarding Amur falcons:
1. It is one of the largest raptor species.
2. It migrates from Mongolia to South Africa via India.
3. It is amongst the critically endangered species and very few left in wild.
4. It considered a delicacy in Nagaland and widely hunted during their short stay in India.
Select the correct statements from above:
a) 1 and 3
b) 2 and 4
c) 3 only
d) All of the above
Q.47) Solution (b)
It is a small raptor, of the size of a pigeon. It covers one of the largest migratory distances
from Mongolia and Russia to South Africa. It is not a critically endangered species and is
found in large numbers. However, due to indiscriminate killing, their numbers are rapidly
coming down.
It is considered as a delicacy in Nagaland and widely hunted and sold in the local market.
Q.48) Endosulfan has been used as a pesticide in agriculture for a long time. India has
agreed to phase out completely the use and manufacture of endosulfan by 2017. Which of
the following statements are correct about endosulfan?
1. It is not pest specific and it can negatively impact the populations of beneficial insects.
2. Endosulfan is acutely neurotoxic to both insects and mammals.
3. Endosulfan has high potential to bio-accumulate and bio-magnify.
4. Endosulfan is banned across the world under Stockholm convention.
5. Endosulfan is the cause of death of Indian vultures.
Select the code from the following:
a) 1, 2 and 3
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Q.51) India is amongst the first and foremost countries to have a forest policy. Although
the first policy of 1894 was designed on how to exploit the forest resources, constant
revisions were made in the policy after independence of India. The current policy was
made in 1988, known as The National Forest Policy 1988. Which of the following
statements are incorrect about this policy?
1. Maintenance of environmental stability through the preservation and restoration of
ecological balance.
2. Conservation of forests as a national heritage with vast varieties of flora and fauna.
3. Control of soil erosion and denudation in catchment areas of rivers, lakes and reservoirs.
4. Check on the extension of sand-dunes in desert areas.
5. To meet the needs of fuel-wood, fodder and minor forest products for the rural and
tribal people.
6. Encouragement of efficient utilization of forest produce and optimum substitution of
wood.
Select the code from the following:
a) 1,2 and 3
b) 4,5 and 6
c) 5 and 6
d) None of the above
Q.51) Solution (d)
Since all the statements are part of the policy, none of the above statements are incorrect.
The National Forest Policy 1988:
The main emphasis of the National Forest Policy 1988 is on the protection, conservation,
regeneration and development of forests. The main points of the National Forest Policy
1988 are:
(a) Maintenance of environmental stability through the preservation and restoration of
ecological balance.
(b) Conservation of forests as a national heritage with vast varieties of flora and fauna.
(c) Control of soil erosion and denudation in catchment areas of rivers, lakes and
reservoirs.
(d) Check on the extension of sand-dunes in desert areas of Rajasthan and along seacoasts.
(e) Substantial increase in forest cover through massive afforestation and social forestry
programmes.
(f) To meet the needs of fuel-wood, fodder and minor forest products for the rural and
tribal people.
(g) Augment the productivity of the forests to meet national needs.
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Location
Vienna
Montego Bay
Stockholm
Basel
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http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/environment/Arunachal-tiger-reserve-bagsbiodiversity-award/articleshow/52467241.cms
Q.57) Recently Himachal Pradesh fisheries department has started an artificial
propagation programme for rehabilitation and conservation of Golden Mahseer fish.
Consider the following statements with respect to Golden Mahseer Fish.
1. It is the longest-living freshwater fish
2. It is native to mountain and sub-mountain regions
3. It inhabit only rivers
4. It is an omnivore
Select the correct code
a) 1,2 and 3
b) 1,2 and 4
c) 1 and 2
d) All of the above
Q.57) Solution (b)
Golden Mahseer Fish is the longest-living freshwater fish and is native to mountain and
sub-mountain regions.
It inhabit both rivers and lakes and is an omnivore
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/environment/flora-fauna/Himachal-Pradeshpropagating-mahseer-fish-for-conservation/articleshow/52348942.cms
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahseer
Q.58) One of the most accepted definitions of sustainable development is Development
that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future
generations to meet their own needs." This definition is given by which of the following
commissions?
a) World Commission on Environment and Development
b) Environment and energy commission
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1,2 and 3
2,3 and 4
1,2 and 4
All of the above
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Q.67) Which of the following statements correctly explains an Urban Heat Island?
a) A city or a metropolitan area, which is significantly warmer than the surrounding rural
area, due to anthropogenic activities.
b) An island with sudden increase in urbanization activity, increasing its average
temperature.
c) A volcanic island where people have settled due to population pressure on the
mainland.
d) None of the above
Q.67) Solution (a)
An urban heat island (UHI) is a city or metropolitan area that is significantly warmer than its
surrounding rural areas due to human activities. The temperature difference usually is larger
at night than during the day, and is most apparent when winds are weak. The main cause of
the urban heat island effect is from the modification of land surfaces. Waste heat generated
by energy usage is a secondary contributor. As a population center grows, it tends to expand
its area and increase its average temperature. The less-used term heat island refers to any
area, populated or not, which is consistently hotter than the surrounding area.
Q.68) Consider the following
1. Mosses
2. Litchens
3. Microbes
Which among the above is not a pioneer species?
a) 1 and 2 only
b) 2 and 3 only
c) 3 only
d) None
Q.68) Solution (d)
Lichens, mosses, microbes are some of the pioneer species in primary succession. In primary
succession on a terrestrial site the new site is first colonised by a few hardy pioneer species
that are often mosses, lichens, microbes.
These new conditions may be conductive to the establishment of additional organisms that
may subsequently arrive at the site.
Q.69) A Biotic interaction in which one species is harmed and other is unaffected is
a) Competition
b) Mutualism
c) Commensalism
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The Sun
The primary producers only
The consumers only
All members of the community
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Ground-level ozone is involved with smog formation, not ozone in the stratosphere.
While tropospheric ozone is considered a greenhouse gas, stratospheric ozone is not
thought to have a significant effect on global warming.
Decreasing levels of stratospheric ozone result in increased levels of ultraviolet radiation
reaching the ocean, which may inhibit phytoplankton photosynthetic activity in surface
waters.
The increased levels of ultraviolet radiation can also negatively affect human health.
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Q.85) Solution (d) The GEF grants are available under Biodiversity, Climate Change,
International Waters, Land degradation and chemicals and waste
Source- Ministry of Environment Annual Report- 2015-16
Q.86) Consider the following about Classical Smog
1. It occurs in hot humid climate
2. It is a mixture of smoke, fog, carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide
3. It is also called as Oxidizing Smog
Select the correct codes
a) 1, 2 and 3
b) 2 and 3
c) 1 and 3
d) None
Q.86) Solution (d)
Occurrence- Cool Humid climate. Mixture of smoke, fog and SO2. It is reducing mixture so
called as Reducing Smog
NCERT- 11th Chemistry, chapter 14
Q.87) Consider the following statements
1. A Swamp is a Wetland that is forested
2. Myristica swamps are tropical fresh water swamp forests found in Kerala and Karnataka
3. Swamps serve vital roles in flood protection and nutrient removal
Select the correct code
a) 1 and 2
b) 2 and 3
c) 1 and 3
d) 1, 2 and 3
Q.87) Solution (d)
http://water.epa.gov/type/wetlands/swamp.cfm
Q.88) Thermal pollution is the dumping of heat into ecological systems like rivers, lakes,
ponds, ocean etc. which degrades the water quality. Consider the following statements
regarding the same.
1. It will decrease the metabolic activities of aquatic animals
2. Reproduction among aquatic animals will increase.
3. Bacterial activity will be limited in the water system
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Q.91) Consider the following w.r.t the achievements of National Mission on Enhanced
Energy Efficiency
1. Implementation of the Compact Fluorescent Lamp Programme.
2. Green technologies Fiscal support, innovation, easier financing for green technologies.
3. Encouraging super critical thermal plants
4. Development in technology for Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS)
Select the correct code
a) 1, 2 and 3
b) 2, 3 and 4
c) 1, 2 and 4
d) All
Q.91) Solution (d)
Under mission National Mission on Enhanced Energy Efficiency under NAPCC, following
achievements have been made
Commencement of the first commitment period of PAT (Perform Achieve and Trade).
Expansion of the energy efficiency financing platform through memorandums of
understanding (MoU) with public-sector banks.
Implementation of the Compact Fluorescent Lamp Programme.
Green technologies Fiscal support, innovation, easier financing for green technologies.
Encouraging super critical thermal plants
Development in technology for Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS)
Q.92) Consider the following statements:
1. Clean Energy Cess is a kind of Carbon tax levied in India as a duty of excise on coal,
Lignite and peat.
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Q.103) What are the factors that affect the Rate of Decomposition?
1. Social Activity or Environment
2. Oxygen Level
3. Moisture Level
4. Soil pH
5. Temperature
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1 and 2
1,2 and 3
2,3 and 4
All of the above
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A Wildlife Sanctuary is a protected area that is reserved for the conservation only of
wildlife animals and plant species. Human activities like harvesting or timber,
collection of minor forest products and private ownership rights are allowed.
Doubts:
Babaji.....Que.
No.
12
When
talking
about
Biosphere
Reserves http://www.moef.nic.in/divisio... Site says...Tourism is permitted in Buffer
Zone..and your question explicitly says that tourism is not permitted in BIOSPHERE
RESERVE....
Why do you make the question so ambiguous???
Clarification:
Read the question carefully. If you can eliminate 1st statement, directly you get the answer.
And what is ambiguous?? Statement (3)??
Tourism is normally not permissible in Biosphere Reserve
Read the below (excerpt from http://www.moef.nic.in/division/biosphere-reserves)
Biosphere reserves are demarcated into following 3 inter-related zones:
Core Zone
Core zone must contain suitable habitat for numerous plant and animal species, including
higher order predators and may contain centres of endemism. Core areas often conserve
the wild relatives of economic species and also represent important genetic reservoirs
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http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/question-corner/article7252050.ece#comments
Q.117) Which organisation released the recent report Global Urban Ambient Air Pollution
Database 2016?
a) World Health Organization
b) United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)
c) United Nations Development Programme
d) Mdecins Sans Frontires
Q.117) Solution (a)
Explanation:
1. WHO released report Global Urban Ambient Air Pollution Database (update 2016)
2. The Report says Delhi is no longer the most polluted city in the world. Delhi now stands
11th among 3,000 cities in 103 countries (in terms of fine particulate matter or PM 2.5)
3. Four Indian cities are among the worlds 10 most polluted
4. Delhis place as the most polluted is taken by Zabol, in Iran.
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aldehydes
volatile organic compounds (VOC's)
The most common cause of SMOG is from the reaction of nitrogen oxides with
hydrocarbons in the presence of sunlight. This reaction produces OZONE.
Q.125) Which of the following two criteria have to be met in order to qualify as a
biodiversity hotspot on the world hotspots map?
1. The region must contain at least 0.5 percent or 1500 species of vascular plants as
endemic species.
2. The region has to have lost at least 70 percent of its primary vegetation.
3. The region must not have lost any of its primary predators.
Choose the correct option:
a) 1 and 2
b) 2 and 3
c) 1 and 3
d) All of the above
Q.125) Solution (a)
A biodiversity hotspot is a bio-geographic region with a significant reservoir of biodiversity
that is under threat from humans. The concept of biodiversity hotspots was originated by
Norman Myers in two articles in The Environmentalist. To qualify as a biodiversity hotspot
on Myers 2000 edition of the hotspot-map, a region must meet two strict criteria: it must
contain at least 0.5% or 1,500 species of vascular plants as endemics, and it has to have lost
at least 70% of its primary vegetation.
Q.126) Which of the following are included in the Red Data book of rare and endangered
species?
1. Plants
2. Animals
3. Fungi
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HabitatThe place where an organism lives, eats and reproduces is known as its
habitat. The habit of an organism actually represents a particular set of environmental
conditions suitable, for its successful growth.
A habitat is where an organism or a community of organisms lives, and a niche is the
specific place an organism has in an ecosystem. A habit can help define the niche of
particular creature but cannot describe it entirely.
Important terms:
EcadAn ecad is a population of individuals, which although belong to the same genetic
stock, but differ markedly in external characters such as size, shape and colour etc.
Ecological Niche and Ecological EquivalentEcological niche of an organism is the
physical space occupied by it, its functional role in the community i.e. tropic position, its
position in environment and the conditions of existence.
Organisms that occupy the same or similar ecological niches in different geographical
regions are known as Ecological Equivalents.
Ecosystem EcologyRelation and interaction of both plant and animal communities
with their total environment.
EcotypePopulation of individuals of a species, which are genetically different.
Environmental Biology or EcologyLiving organisms are inseparably related with their
physical and biological surroundings. This interrelationship of organisms with their
physical and biotic environments is studied under a separate discipline of science, which
is known as environmental biology or ecology.
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Q.138) Which of the following are the physical processes responsible for the formation of
Estuaries?
1) Rising sea level
2) Movement of sand and sandbars
3) Glacial processes
4) Tectonic processes
Select the appropriate code:
a) All of the above
b) 1 and 4 only
c) 1, 3 and 4 only
d) 1, 2 and 4 only
Q.138) Solution (a)
Explanation:
Most estuaries can be grouped into four geomorphic categories based on the physical
processes responsible for their formation:
1) Rising sea level
2) Movement of sand and sandbars
3) Glacial processes
4) Tectonic processes
Q.139) Consider the following differences between Turtle and Tortoise:
1) Tortoises are land dwelling animals, while turtles are water-dwelling animals
2) Tortoises are found mostly in Asia and Africa, and some species in South Americas
Galpagos Islands, while turtles are mainly found in Africa and America
3) Tortoises are mainly herbivorous, carnivorous or omnivorous i.e. mostly are carnivorous
or omnivorous. Turtles are primarily herbivorous animals and few are omnivorous.
4) Turtles feet are short and sturdy with bent legs
Which of the above given difference(s) is/are not correct?
a) All of the above
b) 1 and 3 only
c) 3 and 4 only
d) 2 and 4 only
Q.139) Solution (c)
Explanation:
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1 and 2
3 only
1 and 4
1,2 and 4
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Arabia
Sahara
Kalahari
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Q.147) Consider the following statements regarding the Black Lung Disease:
1. It is an industrial hazard of mercury mining and develops due to inhaling of mercury
vapours.
2. It is a form of Pneumoconiosis.
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Additionally note,
Establishment of National Organic Farming Research institute: Sikkim
Q.157) Which is the nodal agency for the National Bamboo Mission?
a) Ministry of New & Renewable Energy
b) Ministry of Agriculture
c) Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change
d) Federation of Green Energy
Q.157) Solution (b)
National Bamboo Mission
Launch: 2006-07
Called: An evergreen plant
3-day world conference: Indore (MP)
Q.158) Which of the following are the causes for loss of biodiversity?
1. Destruction of Habitat
2. Invasion by alien species
3. Keeping animals in Zoological parks
4. Over exploitation of natural resources
5. Climate change
Select the code from below:
a) 1,2,3 and 4
b) 1,2,4 and 5
c) 1,4 and 5
d) All of the above
Q.158) Solution (b)
Keeping animals in the Zoo helps in protecting the biodiversity.
Q.159) Consider the following statements regarding Pitcher Plant:
1. It is a carnivorous plant.
2. It does not make its food through photosynthesis because of lack of nutrients.
3. It is found in the Thar desert of India
Which of the above statement(s) are correct?
a) 1 only
b) 2 and 3
c) 1 and 3
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Q.160) Which of the following are the causes for loss of biodiversity?
1. Destruction of Habitat
2. Invasion by alien species
3. Keeping animals in Zoological parks
4. Over exploitation of natural resources
5. Climate change
Select the code from below:
a) 1,2,3 and 4
b) 1,2,4 and 5
c) 1,4 and 5
d) All of the above
Q.160) Solution (b)
Keeping animals in the Zoo helps in protecting the biodiversity.
Q.161) Consider the following statements regarding Pitcher Plant:
1. It is a carnivorous plant.
2. It does not make its food through photosynthesis because of lack of nutrients.
3. It is found in the Thar desert of India
Which of the above statement(s) are correct?
a) 1 only
b) 2 and 3
c) 1 and 3
d) All of the above
Q.161) Solution (a)
Pitcher plants are capable of photosynthesis but it is not enough to for their nutrient
requirement. So they gather it by ingesting other insects.
They are found in rain forests of North East India.
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Q.165) Sounds above which decibel level are considered as physically painful?
a)
b)
c)
d)
80 dB
60 dB
30 dB
40 dB
Q.166) Competition for light, nutrients and space is most severe between:
a) Closely related organisms growing in different Niches
b) Closely related organisms growing in same niche
c) Distantly related organisms growing in the same habitat
d) Distantly related organisms growing in different niches
Q.166) Solution (b)
Closely related organisms growing in the same niche have completion for light, nutrients
and space to maintain their population. Competition acts as a check and balance to
maintain right population and survival of healthy organisms.
Q.167) Consider the following statements:
1. Jet planes are a major contributor to Ozone depletion.
2. Jet planes fly through the stratosphere making holes in ozone layer with immense force.
Which of the above statement are correct?
a) 1 only
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Golden Masheer, also known as the Tiger of Indian Rivers, is the longest-living
freshwater fish. It belongs to the genus Tor.
It is native to mountain and sub-mountain regions at altitudes of up to 2,000 metres
above sea level.
Recently, Himachal Pradesh government has announced to start an artificial propagation
programme for rehabilitation and conservation of Golden Masheer Fish. Under this
programme, a hatchery has been set up with an outlay of Rs 6 crore to rear Masheer fish
and release its fingerlings into the wild.
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Thermal stress is most visible when corals bleach. Too much heat means corals and
zooxanthellae separate, the zooxanthellae taking the colour (hence 'bleaching') and energy
sources with them. Coral bleaching is not always fatal, but has been one of the main causes
of coral death around the world in the last 20 years.
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Statement in the ques simply says - loss of algae from the corals is serving as a sign or
indication of death of corals
So no problem with question.
Q.178) Consider the following statements in regard to Compost:
1) Greens have more nitrogen in them.
2) Nitrogen is a critical element in amino acids and proteins, and can be thought of as a
protein source for the billions of multiplying microbes.
3) A good mix of browns and greens is the best nutritional balance for the microbes,
however browns often need to be moistened before they are put into a compost
system.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
a) 2 and 3 only
b) 3 only
c) 2 only
d) All of the above
Q.178) Solution (d)
All the given statements are correct.
Greens include fresh (and often green) plant materials such as green weeds, kitchen fruit
and vegetable scraps, green leaves and tea bags, fresh horse manure etc..
Browns include dry and dead plant materials such as straw, dry brown weeds, autumn
leaves and wood chips or sawdust etc..
Q.179) Recently, environmentalists and ecologists have given high importance to Social
forestry programme and a lot of debates focusing on Eucalyptus. Which among the
following is true in regard to it?
1) Social forestry refers to the concept of planting trees and pasture development on
village common lands, roadside and along railways, commonly in non-forest areas for
the benefit of the society.
2) Eucalyptus is grown extensively under this programme as its cultivation has proved to be
an ecological friendly.
3) This is because other plants can grow near Eucalyptus trees and they take up very less
ground water and soil nutrients.
Select the correct code:
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1 only
2 and 3 only
1 and 3 only
All of the above
Q.181) Consider the following statements in regard to AGMARK and FPO mark. Choose
the incorrect answer:
a) AGMARK is a certification mark employed on agricultural products in India, assuring that
they conform to a set of standards approved by the Agricultural Produce Market
Committee (APMC)
b) The AGMARK is legally enforced in India by the Agricultural Produce (Grading and
Marking) Act
c) The FPO mark is a certification mark mandatory on all processed fruit products sold in
India, following the Food Safety and Standards Act of 2006
d) The agency that develops standards for this purpose and that which issues the FPO mark
is the Ministry of Food Processing Industries of the Government of India
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Q.193) The definition of the word wetland, under the Convention, is any land area that is
saturated or flooded with water, either seasonally or permanently. Which of the given
options form part of an Inland wetland?
1. Flood Plains
2. Swamps
3. Seagrass Meadows
4. Aquifers
5. Estuaries
6. Marshes
7. Coral Reefs
Select the correct option
a) 1, 2, 3, 6 and 7
b) 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6
c) 1, 2, 4 and 6
d) 1, 2 and 5
Q.193) Solution (c)
The definition of the word wetland, under the Convention, is any land area that is
saturated or flooded with water, either seasonally or permanently. Inland wetlands include
aquifers, lakes, rivers, streams, marshes, peatlands, ponds, flood plains and swamps.
Coastal wetlands include all coastlines, mangroves, saltmarshes, estuaries, lagoons,
seagrass meadows and coral reefs.
Q.194) Consider the following regarding Conservation International
1. It is an international organization under United Nation Environment Program (UNEP)
that aims to help stabilize global climate, protect fresh water, and ensure human wellbeing
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Q.197) Mawphlang sacred forest is found in which of the following north-eastern state of
India
a) Sikkim
b) Manipur
c) Meghalaya
d) Nagaland
Q.197) Solution (c)
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