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Definition
of
Natural
of
Natural
Resources
Other
It may also be either be renewable and nonrenewable resources. A renewable resource grows
again or comes back again after we use it. For
example, sunlight, water, and trees are renewable
resources. A non-renewable resource is a resource
that does not grow or come back, or a resource
that would take a very long time to come back. For
example, coal is a non-renewable resource.
Regalian Doctrine
of
Jure
Regalia
(Regalian
This principle means that all natural wealth agricultural, forest or timber, and mineral lands of
the public domain and all other natural resources
belong to the State. Thus, even if the private
person owns the property where minerals are
discovered, his ownership for such does not give
him the right to extract or utilize said minerals
without permission from the state to which such
minerals belong.
Public Land
System
Acts
and
the
Torrens
Indigenous Peoples
Indigenous Cultural Communities or Indigenous
Peoples (ICCs/ IPs) refer to a group of people
who have continuously lived as an organized
community on communally bounded and
defined territory. These groups of peoples have
actually occupied, possessed and utilized their
territories under claim of ownership since time
immemorial.
Their unit of government is the barangay. In a
baranganic society, the chiefs administered the
lands in the name of the barangay, there was
no private property in land. When Islam was
introduced in the country in the archipelago of
Maguindanao, the Sultanate of Sulu claimed
jurisdiction over territorial areas.
When Spaniards settled in the Philippines,
Spanish missionaries were ordered to establish
pueblos where church would be constructed. All
the new Christian converts were required to
construct their house around the church. All
lands lost by the old barangays in the process
of pueblo organization and all lands not
assigned to the pueblos were declared to be
lands of the Crown., and the natives were
stripped of their ancestral rights to the lands.
The American government classified the
Filipinos into two: Christian Filipinos and nonChristian Filipinos, not to religious belief, but to
geographical area, the latter referring to
natives of the Philippines of a low grade of
Development laid
the
groundwork
for
the
convening of the 1992 Earth Summit and the
adoption of Agenda 21, the Rio Declaration and to
the
establishment
of
the Commission
on
Sustainable Development.
In addition, key contributions of Our Common
Future to the concept of sustainable development
include the recognition that the many crises facing
the planet are interlocking crises that are elements
of a single crisis of the whole and of the vital need
for the active participation of all sectors of society
in consultation and decisions relating to sustainable
development.
Sustainable development ensures the well-being of
the
human
person
by
integrating
social
development,
economic
development,
and
environmental conservation and protection. It
refers to the "interdependent and mutually
reinforcing pillars of sustainable development as
economic development, social development, and
environmental protection.
As the goal of
sustainable development is to permanently
improve the living conditions of human beings,
social and economic developments must be carried
out in a way that is environmentally and
ecologically
sound;
ensuring
the
continual
rejuvenation and availability of natural resources
for future generations.
Seven
Dimensions
of
Sustainable
Development : From the Philippine Agenda 21
From the Philippine perspective sustainable
development is a multidimensional concept,
involving no less than seven dimensions.
Sustainable development is viewed as the mutually
beneficial interaction between the legitimate
interests of business and the economy, government
and the polity, and civil society and culture.
From this perspective, five dimensions of
sustainable development are clearly visible. These
arethe human being, culture, polity, economy,
and Nature.
(c) Anthropogenic
causes refer
to
causes resulting from human activities or
produced by human beings.
(j) Global
Warming refers
to
the
increase in the average temperature of the
Earths near-surface air and oceans that is
associated
with
the
increased
concentration of greenhouse gases in the
atmosphere.
of
the
Department
of
of
of
the
National
of
the
League
of
of
(d) Secretary
Education;
of
(v) Representative
sector; and
of
the
Department
from
the
business
with
international
development
and
and
information
ECC also certifies that the proponent has complied with all
the requirements of the EIS System and has committed to
implement its approved Environmental Management Plan.
The ECC contains specific measures and conditions that
the project proponent has to undertake before and during
the operation of a project, and in some cases, during the
project's abandonment phase to mitigate identified
environmental impacts.
e. Environmentally Critical Area (ECA) - area delineated as
environmentally
sensitive
such
that
significant
environmental impacts are expected if certain types of
proposed projects or programs are located, developed or,
implemented in it.
f. Environmentally Critical Project (ECP) - project or
program that has high potential for significant negative
environmental impact.
g. Environmental Guarantee Fund (EGF) - fund to be set
up by a project proponent which shall be readily
accessible and disbursable for the immediate clean-up or
rehabilitation of areas affected by damages in the
environment
and
the
resulting
deterioration
of
environmental quality as a direct consequence of a
project's construction, operation or abandonment. It shall
likewise be used to compensate parties and communities
affected by the negative impacts of the project, and to
fund community-based environment related projects
including, but not limited to, information and education
and emergency preparedness programs.
h. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) - process that
involves evaluating and predicting the likely impacts of a
project
(including
cumulative
impacts)
on
the
environment
during
construction,
commissioning,
operation and abandonment. It also includes designing
appropriate preventive, mitigating and enhancement
measures addressing these consequences to protect the
environment and the community's welfare. The process is
undertaken by, among others, the project proponent
and/or EIA Consultant, EMB, a Review Committee,
affected communities and other stakeholders.
i. Environmental Impact Assessment Consultant - a
professional or group of professionals commissioned by
the proponent to prepare the EIS/IEE and other related
documents. In some cases, the person or group referred
to may be the proponent's technical staff.
j. Environmental Impact Assessment Review Committee
(EIARC) - a body of independent technical experts and
professionals of known probity from various fields
organized by the EMB to evaluate the EIS and other
related
documents
and
to
make
appropriate
recommendations regarding the issuance or non-issuance
of an ECC.
k. Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) - document,
prepared and submitted by the project proponent and/or
EIA Consultant that serves as an application for an ECC. It
is a comprehensive study of the significant impacts of a
project on the environment. It includes an Environmental
Management Plan/Program that the
proponent will fund and implement to protect the
environment
l. Environmental Management Plan/Program (EMP) section in the EIS that details the prevention, mitigation,
compensation, contingency and monitoring measures to
enhance positive impacts and minimize negative impacts
and risks of a proposed project or undertaking. For
operating projects, the EMP can also be derived from an
EMS,
PROCESSING
AND
APPROVAL
unlikely
to
cause
adverse
Environmental
Impact
Performance
Report
and
Report
and
environment and
communities.
protect
the
rights
of
affected
(l) "Ecological profile or eco-profile" refers to geographicbased instruments for planners and decision-makers
which presents an evaluation of the environmental quality
and carrying capacity of an area.
(z) "Mine wastes and tailings" shall mean soil and rock
materials from surface or underground mining and milling
operations with no economic value to the generator of the
same.
(ax) "Special allowance" refers to payment to the claimowners or surface right-owners particularly during the
transition period from Presidential Decree No. 463 and
Executive Order No. 279, series of 1987.
CHAPTER II
GOVERNMENT MANAGEMENT
CHAPTER III
SCOPE OF APPLICATION
or
or
CHAPTER V
MINERAL AGREEMENTS
or
or
Sec. 31 Withdrawal from Mineral Agreements. The
contractor may, by giving due notice at any time during
the terms of the agreement, apply for the cancellation of
the mineral agreement due to causes which, in the
opinion of the contractor, make continued mining
operations no longer feasible or viable. The Secretary
shall consider the notice and issue its decision within a
period of thirty (30) days: Provided, That the contractor
has met all its financial, fiscal and legal obligations.
or
CHAPTER VI
FINANCIAL OR TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE AGREEMENT
and
minimum
expenditures
CHAPTER VII
SMALL-SCALE MINING
CHAPTER VIII
QUARRY RESOURCES
Sec.
56
Eligibility
of
Foreign-owned/-controlled
Corporation. A foreign-owned/-controlled corporation may
be granted a mineral processing permit.
CHAPTER X
DEVELOPMENT OF MINING COMMUNITIES, SCIENCE
AND MINING TECHNOLOGY
CHAPTER IX
TRANSPORT, SALE AND PROCESSING OF MINERALS
CHAPTER XI
SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
CHAPTER XII
AUXILIARY MINING RIGHTS
CHAPTER XIII
the
SETTLEMENT OF CONFLICTS
CHAPTER XIV
GOVERNMENT SHARE
CHAPTER XV
TAXES AND FEES
CHAPTER XVI
INCENTIVES
CHAPTER XVIII
ORGANIZATIONAL
ARRANGEMENT
AND
INSTITUTIONAL
CHAPTER XVII
GROUND FOR CANCELLATION, REVOCATION, AND
TERMINATION
Sec. 100 From Staff Bureau to Line Bureau. The Mines and
Geosciences Bureau is hereby transformed into a line
bureau consistent with Section 9 of this Act: Provided,
That under the Mines and Geosciences Bureau shall be
the necessary mines regional, district and other pertinent
offices - the number and specific functions of which shall
be provided in the implementing rules and regulations of
this Act.
CHAPTER XIX
PENAL PROVISIONS
Sec. 105 Mines Arson. Any person who willfully sets fire to
any mineral stockpile, mine or workings, fittings or a
mine, shall be guilty of arson and shall be punished, upon
conviction, by the appropriate court in accordance with
the provisions of the Revised Penal Code and shall, in
addition, pay compensation for the damages caused
thereby.