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Polarizing microscopes are constructed like regular optical microscope, but are fitted with some extra features.
Unlike regular microscopes which use normal light, a polarizing microscope uses polarized light to study
specimens. In polarized light, the light waves vibrate in one direction; in normal light, the light waves vibrate in
random directions. In addition to standard microscope optics, there is one polarizer in the condenser and another
mounted in a slider in the tube above the objective, both in rotatable and graduated mounts. The specimen is
illuminated with plane polarized light and the rotation of this light can be analyzed with the microscope.
rotatable polarizer, 2. top lens out construction when parallel light illumination at low magnification is
required, and 3. strainfree optical system, like the objectives.
A rotating stage: This allows the position of the specimen to be set. Rotatability of the polarizing stage
and centerability are fundamental 360 degree angle. A universal stage with multiple rotating axes may
also be used to enable the observation of specimen from many directions.
Polarizing objective (strain-free objective) for polarized light: polarizing objective differs from
Geologists use this type of microscope. Geological specimen to be studied is placed on a slide on a
rotatable specimen stage. The specimen is then illuminated by a light source under the specimen
stage.
They also are being used in medicine.
Polarizing microscopy can be used both with reflected and transmitted light.
Reflected light is useful for the study of opaque materials such as mineral oxides and sulphides, metals
as identifying crystals or fibers suspended in liquid, identifying minerals in core samples and detecting
defects in semiconductors or finding stress points in metal, glass and other materials.
The objectives used in a polarizing microscope are required to be strain free.