Fredrick Winslow Taylor

Formulated the Scientific Principles of Management with which he sought to improve.

(Father of Scientific Management and one of the First Management Consultant).
his followers. also called Taylorism, it was a theory of management that analyzed and
synthesized workflows.
Main objective was improving economic efficiency, especially labor productivity. It was
one of the earliest attempts to apply science to the engineering of processes and to
management. Any system of organization that clearly spelled out the functions of
individuals and groups.
A mechanical engineer himself, he tried to establish a theory for what could improve
worker and INDUSTRIAL EFFICIENCY.
He suggested that workers are primarily motivated by pay, and probably just pay alone.
He also propagated that the workers should be closely supervised and controlled to
ensure maximum productivity from the workers.

Scientific management: applying scientific methods in management decision-making and

evaluation process of different courses.
Objective:
- To improve performance in the work places.
- Before the business owners, managers, sales personnel and administration office had minimal
contact with the workers and the production activities.
- Influence more efficient and hands-on approaches in management.

Advantages of Scientific Management

Enhanced teamwork cooperation between managers and workers

Management based on observation and experiment for context-specific solutions
Better planning and decision-making
Improved democracy in workplace
Improved physical working conditions for employees.
Increased opportunities for workers to acquire scientific training.

Disadvantages of Scientific Management

Suitable for small organizations only.

Unsuitable in big firms.
Managerial decisions may involve strictness and stress for managers due to need for
complete control over the work place.
Influences feelings of pressure among workers.
May de-motivate workers.

The MAIN ELEMENTS of this theory were:

1.
2.
3.
4.

Management is a TRUE SCIENCE.

The selection of the workers is a SCIENCE.
Workers are to be developed and trained.
Scientific Management is a collaboration of workers and managers.

The Scientific Principles

1. Replace rule-of-thumb work methods with methods based on a scientific study of the tasks.
2. Scientifically select, train, and develop each employee rather than passively leaving them to
train themselves.
3. Provide "Detailed instruction and supervision of each worker in the performance of that
worker's discrete task" (Montgomery 1997: 250).
4. Divide work nearly equally between managers and workers.

These principles were implemented in many factories, often increasing productivity

by factors of three or more. Henry Ford applied Taylor's principles in his
automobile factories, and families even began to perform their household tasks
based on the results of time and motion studies.

According to Taylor, Management should:

Establish specific work targets
Pay workers for the tasks and goals met
Provide regular feedback.

Mary Parker Follett

Mary Parker Follett was an American social worker and a management consultant.
She was a pioneer in the fields of Organizational theory and Organizational behavior.
Follett was born in Boston and spent much of her early life there.
She was one of the great women management gurus.
Mary Parker Follett is regarded as the Mother of Scientific Management.
Her ideas on negotiation, power, and employee participation were highly influential in
the development of the fields of organizational studies.

Mary Parker Follett defined management as the art of getting things through people.

Theory of Management
The Mary Parker Follett Theory of Management is marked by such principles as the following:
1. Conflict resolution through Integration (i.e., identifying and meeting each party's
underlying and often compatible need, as opposed to attempting to meet the frequentlyincompatible expressed desire of each) often results in a win-win situation.
2. In Mary Parker Follett leadership theory, genuine power is not "coercive" ("power over")
but "coactive" ("power with").
3. True leaders, according to Follett's theory, "create group power, rather than expressing
personal power."
WHAT IS COORDINATION?
Means organizing the activities of two or more groups so that they work together
effectively and know others are doing.

PRINCIPLES OF COORDINATION

Principle of Early Stage

Principle of Continuity
Principle of Direct Contact
Principle of Reciprocal Relations

ADDITIONAL PRINCIPLES

Principle of Effective Communication

Principle of Mutual Respect
Principle of Clarity of Objectives
Principle of Scalar Chain