COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR THE AERODYNAMIC

DESIGN OF AXISYMMETRIC AND PLANAR

NOZZLES FOR SUPERSONIC AND
HYPERSONIC WIND TUNNELS
J. C. Sivells
ARO, Inc., a Sverdrup Corporation Company

VON KARMAN GAS DYNAMICS FACILITY

ARNOLD ENGINEERING DEVELOPMENT CENTER
AIR FORCE SYSTEMS COMMAND
ARNOLD AIR FORCE STATION, TENNESSEE 3 7 3 8 9

December 19 7 8
8 ,

Final Report for Period December 19 7 5

- October

Approved for public release; distribution unlimited.

Prepared for
ARNOLD ENGINEERING DEVELOPMENT CENTERIDOTR
ARNOLD AIR FORCE STATION, TENNESSEE 37389

19 7 7

NOTICES

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APPROVAL STATEMENT

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%Tii2&9-4-

ELTON
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Directorate of Test Engineering

Approved for publication:

FOR THE COMMANDER

ROBERT W. CROSSLEY, Lt Colonel, USAF

Acting Director of Test Engineering
Deputy for Operations

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T L T L E (and Subl!Clc)

Final Report, Dec 1975

A COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR THE AERODYNAMIC
OCt
1977
DESIGN OF AXISYMMETRIC AND PLANAR NOZZLES
FOR SUPERSONIC AND HYPERSONIC WIND TUNNELS 6 . P E R F O R M I N G ORG. REPORT N U M B E R
8.

7. AUTHOR(8)

C O N T R A C T OR G R A N T NUMBER(s)

J. C. Sivells, ARO, Inc., a Sverdrup

Corporation Company
I
4.

10.

PERFORMIWG O R G & N ~ Z * T I O N N a M E A N D A D D R E S S

Arnold Engineering Development Center

Air Force Svstems Command
1 Arnold Air Force Station, Tennessee 37389
II.

PROGRAM E L E M E N T . P R O J E C T . T h S U
AREA d WORK U N I T NUMBERS

Program Element 65807F

I
12.

C O N T R O L L I N G O F F I C E N A M E A N D ADDRESS

REPORT D A T E

December 1978

Arnold Engineering Develovment Center/01~

Air ~ 0 r c e -tems-commands~~
Arnold Air Force Station, Tennessee 37389

13.

I 4

15. S E C U R I T Y CLASS. f o l i h l s reporl)

148

M O N l T O R l N G AGENCY N A M E b A D D R E S S f l l d l l l s r s n l born C o n l r o l l l n g O l l i c o )

NUMBER O F P A G E S

UNCLASSIFIED
15..

OECLASS1FICATION'DOWNGRADING
SCHEDULE

N/A

16. D l S T R l B U T l O N S T A T E M E N T (01 r h l a Report)

Approved for public release; distribution unlimited.

17.

D l S T R l B U I l O N S T A T E M E N T (01the a b s t r a c t e n l o r o d I n B l o c k 20, 11 d l l l s r s n r Itom Roporf)

10. S U P P L E M E N T A R Y N O T E S

Available in D m .
19. K E Y WORDS (Conllnuo on rovoroo mido 11 nscoaeary and l d o n t l l y by b l o c k number)

wind tunnel design

boundary layers
transonic nozzles
supersonic nozzles
hypersonic nozzles
exhaust nozzle performance computer program
20.

A B S T R A C T (Conllnuo on r e v e r s e s l d s I l n o c o o s m r y a n d l d o n l l l y b y b l o c k n v r n b o d

A computer program is presented for the aerodynamic design of

axisymmetric and planar nozzles for supersonic and hypersonic wind
tunnels. The program is the culmination of the effort expended at
various times over a number of years to develop a method of designing a wind tunnel with an inviscid contour which has continuous curvature and which is corrected for the growth of the
boundary layer in a manner such that uniform parallel flow can be
'

DD

M
:7
3::

1473

EDITION O F 1 NOV 65 IS OBSOLETE

UNCLASSIFIED

UNCLASSIFIED
20. ABSTRACT (Continued)

expected at the nozzle exit. The continuous curvature is

achieved through specification of a centerline distribution
of velocity (or Mach number) which has first and second derivatives that 1) are compatible with a transonic solution near
the throat and with radial flow near the inflection point and
2) approach zero at the design Mach number. The boundary-layer
growth is calculated by solving a momentum integral equation
by numerical integration.

*FS<

&r%
T~""

UNCLASSIFIED

The work r e p o r t e d h e r e i n was conducted by t h e Arnold Engineering

Development Center (AEDC), A i r Force Systems Command (AFSC).

The r e s u l t s

of t h e r e s e a r c h were obtained by ARO, Inc., AEDC D i v i s i o n ( a Sverdrup

Corporation Company), o p e r a t i n g c o n t r a c t o r f o r t h e AEDC, AFSC, Arnold

A i r Force S t a t i o n , Tennessee, under ARO P r o j e c t Numbers V33A-A8A and

V32A-PIA.

The A i r Force p r o j e c t manager was Mr. E l t o n R. Thompson.

The manuscript was submitted f o r p u b l i c a t i o n on September 1 2 , 1978.

The a u t h o r wishes t o acknowledge t h e a s s i s t a n c e of Messrs. W.

Moger and F. C. Loper, ARO, Inc.,

C.

f o r providing t h e b a s i c s u b r o u t i n e s

f o r smoothing and s p l i n e f i t t i n g , r e s p e c t i v e l y , which were adapted f o r

u s e w i t h t h e s u b j e c t program.

M r . F. L. Shope, ARO, Inc.,

t e c h n i c a l a s s i s t a n c e i n t h e p r e p a r a t i o n of t h i s r e p o r t .

provided

Prior to the

p u b l i c a t i o n of t h i s r e p o r t , t h e a u t h o r r e t i r e d from ARO, Inc.

CONTENTS

.......................
TRANSONIC SOLUTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CENTERLINE DISTRIBUTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
INVISCID CONTOUR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20

BOUNDARY-LAYER CORRECTION

24

INTRODUCTION

5
10
15

................
DESCRIPTION OF PROGRAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

34

SAMPLE NOZZLE DESIGN

38

..................
SUMMARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

REFERENCES

........................

41

41

ILLUSTRATIONS

Figure
1

A Foelsch-Type Nozzle with Radial Flow at the

Inflection Point

..................

Nozzle with Radial Flow and a Transition Region

...........
Nozzle Illustrating Design Method of Ref . 13 . . . .
Nozzle Throat Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
to Produce Continuous Curvature

7
8
9

Relationships Obtained from Cubic Distribution

of Velocity from Sonic Point to Point E for
Axisymmetric Nozzle

.................

18

Limitations of Fourth-Degree Distribution of

Mach Number from Eq

(39)

..............

19

..

23

..........

28

Characteristics Near Throat of Nozzle with R = 1

Variation of Wake Parameter. II. with
Reynolds Number (Incompressible)

Variation of Skin-Friction Coefficient with

Reynolds Number (Incompressible)

..........

29

Variation of Velocity Profile Exponent with

Reynolds Number Based on Boundary-Layer
Thickness

.....................

30

TABLE

I n p u t Cards f o r S a m p l e D e s i g n

...............

*
39

APPENDIXES

.
B.
C.
D.

....................
CUBIC INTEGRATION FACTORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
INPUT DATA CARDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
COMPUTER PROGRAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
NOMENCLATURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
TRANSONIC EQUATIONS

45
49
52

61
139

INTRODUCTION

1.0

Supersonic and hypersonic wind tunnel nozzles can be placed in two

general categories, planar (also called two-dimensional) and axisymmetric.
Early supersonic nozzles (circa 1940) were planar for many reasons:

the

state of the art was new with regard to both the design and the fabrication; the expansion of the air

the usual medium - was in one plane

only, thereby simplifying the calculations and requiring two contoured

walls for each test Mach number and two flat walls which could be used
for all the Mach numbers; and the relatively low stagnation temperature
and pressure requirements.did not create dimensional stability problems
in the throat region.

Dimensional stability would in later years become

a primary factor in the development of axisymmetric nozzles.

Prandtl and Busemann, Ref. 1, laid the foundation for determining
the inviscid nozzle contours by the method of characteristics. Foelsch,
Ref. 2, simplified the calculation of the contour by assuming that the
flow in the region of the inflection point was radial, as if the flow
came from a theoretical source as illustrated in Fig. 1.

The downstream

boundary of the radial flow is the right-running characteristic AC from

the inflection point, A, to the point, C, on the axis of symmetry where
the design Mach number is first reached.

The flow properties along this

characteristic can be readily calculated; and inasmuch as a11 leftrunning characteristics downstream of the radial flow region are straight
lines in planar flow, the entire downstream contour can be determined
analytically.

Upstream of the inflection point, it was assumed that the

source flow could be produced by a contour which was a simple analytic

curve.

In the Foelsch design the Mach number gradient on the axis is

discontinuous at the juncture of the radial flow region and the be~inning of the parallel flow region.

This discontinuity produces a dis-

continuity in curvature of the contour at the inflection point and at

the theoretical exit of the nozzle.

F i g u r e 1.

A Foelsch-type nozzle w i t h r a d i a l f l o w
a t the i n f l e c t i o n p o i n t .

A s t h e s t a t e of t h e a r t progressed, i t became d e s i r a b l e t o cover a

range of Mach numbers without f a b r i c a t i n g d i f f e r e n t n o z z l e blocks f o r
each Mach number.

A l i m i t e d range of Mach numbers could be covered by

u s i n g b l o c k s w i t h unsymmetrical c o n t o u r s which could be t r a n s l a t e d

r e l a t i v e t o each o t h e r t o vary t h e mean Mach number i n t h e t e s t s e c t i o n .
The widest range of Mach numbers w i t h acceptably uniform flow i n t h e
t e s t s e c t i o n has been o b t a i n e d i n wind t u n n e l s i n which t h e contoured
w a l l s c o n s i s t of f l e x i b l e p l a t e s supported by j a c k s which can be a d j u s t e d
t o vary t h e contour t o s u i t each Mach number.

Inasmuch a s t h e c u r v a t u r e

o f a p l a t e s o supported must be continuous, methods of c a l c u l a t i n g

c o n t o u r s w i t h continuous c u r v a t u r e were developed (Refs. 3 , 4 , and 5)
by i n t r o d u c i n g a t r a n s i t i o n r e g i o n , A B C J , downstream of t h e r a d i a l
flow r e g i o n ( s e e Fig. 2 ) .

The shape of t h e w a l l between p o i n t s A and J

was c o n t r o l l e d t o g i v e continuous c u r v a t u r e .
von Kgrmdn Gas Dynamics F a c i l i t y 40- by 40-in.

The c o n t o u r s used f o r t h e
Supersonic Wind Tunnel

(A) a t AEDC were obtained by t h e method of Ref. 5.

Not only i s a

continuous-curvature contour e a s i e r t o match w i t h a jack-supported p l a t e ,

b u t i t a l s o s a t i s f i e s t h e p o t e n t i a l f l o w c r i t e r i o n f o r zero v o r t i c i t y ,

where q i s t h e v e l o c i t y measured along a s t r e a m l i n e of c u r v a t u r e K and n

i s t h e d i s t a n c e normal t o t h e s t r e a m l i n e .

Inasmuch a s t h e i n v i s c i d

contour i s a s t r e a m l i n e , t h i s c r i t e r i o n i m p l i e s t h a t t h e flow w i l l be
d i s t u r b e d where a contour has a d i s c o n t i n u i t y i n c u r v a t u r e .

Figure 2.

Nozzle w i t h r a d i a l flow and a t r a n s i t i o n

region t o produce continuous curvature.

The usual wind tunnel criterion concerning temperature is that the

constituents of the gas should not liquefy during the expansion process
required to reach the test Mach number.

For the usual pressure levels

involved, ambient stagnation temperatures can be used up to a Mach

number of about five. As the stagnation temperature is raised, dimensional stability becomes'more difficult to maintain in a planar nozzle.
Therefore, axisymmetric nozzles are used when elevated stagnation temperatures are involved. Axisymmetric nozzles have also been used for
low-density tunnels (Ref. 6) because their boundary-layer growth is more
uniform than that of planar nozzles, which inherently have transverse
pressure gradients on the flat walls.

The obvious disadvantage of

axisymmetric nozzles is that each one must be designed for a particular

Mach number. Moreover, disturbances created by imperfections in the
contour tend to be focused on the centerline.
Before the advent of high-speed digital computers, it was extremely
time consuming (Ref. 7) to calculate axisymmetric nozzle flow by the
method of characteristics (Ref. 8).

Inasmuch as the assumption of

source flow saved time in designing a planar nozzle, it was logical to

use source flow as a starting point in the design of an axisymmetric
nozzle.

In Ref. 9, Foelsch develops an approximate method of converting

the radial flow to uniform flow.

Beckwith et al., Ref. 7, show that

Foelsch's approximations were quite inaccurate but utilized the idea of

a r e g i o n of r a d i a l flow followed immediately on t h e a x i s by uniform

flow, a s i n Fig. 1 .

A s i n t h e c a s e of p l a n a r flow, t h e d i s c o n t i n u i t y i n

Mach number g r a d i e n t on t h e a x i s produces a d i s c o n t i n u i t y i n c u r v a t u r e

on t h e contour (Ref. 10).

Such d i s c o n t i n u i t i e s have been e l i m i n a t e d by

t h e d e s i g n methods of Refs. 10, 11, and 12; h e r e , an a x i a l d i s t r i b u t i o n

of Mach number ( o r v e l o c i t y ) between p o i n t s B and C (Fig. 2) i n t r o d u c e s
a t r a n s i t i o n r e g i o n between t h e r a d i a l and p a r a l l e l flow r e g i o n s , t h u s
g r a d u a l l y reducing t h e g r a d i e n t and/or second d e r i v a t i v e t o z e r o from t h e
r a d i a l flow v a l u e s a t t h e beginning of t h e p a r a l l e l flow.

A s shown i n

Fig. 3 , t h e upstream boundary of t h e r a d i a l flow r e g i o n i s a l e f t - r u n n i n g

c h a r a c t e r i s t i c from t h e i n f l e c t i o n p o i n t , G , t o t h e a x i s a t p o i n t E.
flow a n g l e i s t h e same a t p o i n t s G and A.
a g e n e r a l n o z z l e design.

The

Both a r e shown t o i l l u s t r a t e

A s d e s c r i b e d i n Ref. 12, t h e contour upstream

of t h e i n f l e c t i o n p o i n t can be c a l c u l a t e d f o r a n a x i a l d i s t r i b u t i o n of
v e l o c i t y i n t h e region between p o i n t s I and E, which makes t h e t r a n s i t i o n
from s o n i c v a l u e s t o r a d i a l flow v a l u e s .

On t h e a x i s , t h e s o n i c v a l u e s

of f i r s t and second d e r i v a t i v e s of v e l o c i t y with r e s p e c t t o a x i a l d i s t a n c e

were c a l c u l a t e d by a n a d a p t a t i o n of t h e t r a n s o n i c t h e o r y of H a l l , Ref.

13, o r K l i e g e l and Levine, Ref. 14.

The upstream l i m i t of t h e s e c a l -

c u l a t i o n s was t h e l e f t - r u n n i n g c h a r a c t e r i s t i c from t h e s o n i c p o i n t on
the axis.

,Inflection Region

Figure 3. Nozzle illustrating design method of

Ref. 13.

T h i s c h a r a c t e r i s t i c i s a l s o c a l l e d a branch l i n e .

Between t h e theo-

r e t i c a l l o c a t i o n of t h e t h r o a t and t h e i n t e r s e c t i o n of t h e branch l i n e
w i t h t h e contour was a r e g i o n which was n o t c a l c u l a t e d b u t which increased i n s i z e a s the t h r o a t curvature increased.

This gap i n t h e

contour h a s been e l i m i n a t e d by t h e method d e s c r i b e d h e r e i n which u t i l i z e s a r i g h t - r u n n i n g c h a r a c t e r i s t i c o r i g i n a t i n g a t t h e t h r o a t a s shown

i n Fig. 4 (where p o i n t I h a s been moved from t h e s o n i c l i n e t o t h e
throat characteristic).

With t h i s l a t e s t improvement upon t h e method of

Ref. 12, c o n t o u r s can be designed which have t h r o a t r a d i i of c u r v a t u r e

of t h e same o r d e r of magnitude a s t h e t h r o a t r a d i i a l t h o u g h such a n
extreme c u r v a t u r e would n o t normally be recommended from o t h e r standpoints.

A r e c e n t (1975) d e s i g n of a Mach 6 n o z z l e u t i l i z e d t h i s method

w i t h a t h r o a t r a d i u s of c u r v a t u r e of about 5.5 times t h e t h r o a t r a d i u s .

Figure 4.

Nozzle t h r o a t region.

A f t e r t h e design method was developed f o r axisymmetric n o z z l e s , i t

was adapted f o r p l a n a r n o z z l e s having a p r e s c r i b e d c e n t e r l i n e
t r i b u t i o n of Mach number ( o r v e l o c i t y ) .

dis-

T h i s approach t o such a d e s i g n

i s c o n s i d e r a b l y d i f f e r e n t from t h a t of Ref. 5.

The c u r r e n t d e s i g n

method i s i n c o r p o r a t e d i n t o t h e computer program included h e r e i n .

A s an

o p t i o n i n t h e program, a complete c e n t e r l i n e Mach number d i s t r i b u t i o n

can be used which does n o t i n c l u d e a r a d i a l flow region. P a r t s of t h e

computer program a r e s u b r o u t i n e s f o r computing t h e boundary-layer c o r r e c t i o n
t o t h e i n v i s c i d contour, f o r smoothing t h e contour, and f o r i n t e r p o l a t i n g p o i n t s a t even a x i a l p o s i t i o n s by means of a c u b i c s p l i n e f i t of t h e
contour.

2.0 TRANSONIC SOLUTION

I n many e a r l y n o z z l e d e s i g n s , i t was assumed t h a t t h e flow a t t h e
t h r o a t was uniform (M

1 ) and p a r a l l e l .

T h i s assumption i m p l i e s t h a t

t h e w a l l c u r v a t u r e i s z e r o and t h a t t h e a c c e l e r a t i o n of t h e flow i s
zero i . . , t h e a c c e l e r a t i o n s t a r t s from zero a t t h e beginning of t h e
c o n t r a c t i o n , r e a c h e s a maximum i n t h e c o n t r a c t i o n b u t i s reduced t o zero
a g a i n a t t h e t h r o a t , and must be i n c r e a s e d a g a i n i n t h e beginning of t h e
s u p e r s o n i c c o n t o u r and reduced t o zero a t t h e n o z z l e e x i t ) .

A nozzle so

designed t h e r e f o r e becomes c o n s i d e r a b l y l o n g e r than one i n which t h e

flow r e a c h e s i t s maximum a c c e l e r a t i o n i n t h e v i c i n i t y of t h e t h r o a t ,
where i t i s approximately p r o p o r t i o n a l t o t h e r e c i p r o c a l of t h e s q u a r e
r o o t of t h e r a d i u s of c u r v a t u r e .

The above argument i n d i c a t e s t h e

f a l l a c y of some s o - c a l l e d "minimum length" n o z z l e s , although some

d e s i g n e r s have combined a c o n t r a c t i o n having a r e l a t i v e l y high t h r o a t
c u r v a t u r e w i t h t h e s u p e r s o n i c s e c t i o n having zero t h r o a t c u r v a t u r e .
For a t h r o a t w i t h a f i n i t e r a d i u s of c u r v a t u r e t h e r e have been many
transonic solutions.

H a l l , Ref. 13, developed a s m a l l p e r t u r b a t i o n

t r a n s o n i c s o l u t i o n f o r i r r o t a t i o n a l , p e r f e c t gas flow, i n both twodimensional and axisymmetric n o z z l e s , by means of expansions i n i n v e r s e

powers of R, t h e r a t i o of t h e t h r o a t r a d i u s of c u r v a t u r e t o t h e t h r o a t
half-height,

o r radius.

H i s s o l u t i o n g i v e s t h e normalized (with t h e

v e l o c i t y a t t h e s o n i c p o i n t ) a x i a l and normal v e l o c i t y components i n t h e

form

where

and x and y are coordinates normalized with the throat half-height or

radius, yo.

The value of u is zero for two-dimensional flow and one for

axisymmetric flow. Kliegel and Levine in Ref. 14 extended the applicability of Hall's axisymmetric solution to lower values of R essentially by
making the substitution

where S = R

1 , into Eqs. (2) and ( 3 ) .

In the method used herein, the

same substitution is made in Eq. (4) for two-dimensional flow as well as

for axisymnetric flow and therefore becomes a special case of the general
transonic solution described in Ref. 15.

The complete general equations

in terms of S are given in Appendix A.

At the throat, x

= 0,

and, for axisymnetric flow,

yo> v = 0, for planar flow,

where t h e d e r i v a t i v e s a r e w i t h r e s p e c t t o x nondimensionalized by t h e
t h r o a t h a l f - h e i g h t o r r a d i u s , r e s p e c t i v e l y , and

On t h e a x i s , y = 0 , v = 0 , f o r p l a n a r flow,

and, f o r a x i s y m e t r i c flow,

Because t h e s o n i c l i n e i s curved f o r f i n i t e v a l u e s of R, t h e mass

flow through t h e t h r o a t i s reduced by t h e f a c t o r C

( d i s c h a r g e coef-

f i c i e n t ) , which i s t h e r a t i o of a c t u a l mass flow t o t h a t which could

flow i f R were i n f i n i t e and t h e s o n i c l i n e were s t r a i g h t .
flow,

For p l a n a r

and, f o r axisymmetric flow,

The flow which p a s s e s through t h e t h r o a t a l s o p a s s e s through t h e

s o n i c a r e a of t h e s o u r c e flow which is a t a d i s t a n c e r

from t h e source.

I n p l a n a r flow,

n,

where t h e i n f l e c t i o n a n g l e ,

is i n radians.

I n axisynunetric flow,

or

1
-

2 s i n (q/2)/Ci

I n t h e c a l c u l a t i o n of t h e t h r o a t c h a r a c t e r i s t i c used h e r e i n , t h e
value at x = 0, y = y

, Eq.

(6), i s t h e s t a r t i n g p o i n t .

The h a l f - h e i g h t

o r r a d i u s , yo, i s d i v i d e d i n t o 240 e q u a l l y spaced v a l u e s of y.

Inasmuch

a s t h e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c i s r i g h t running, i t s s l o p e a t each p o i n t i s

where
sin p

1/M

(20)

v/W

(22)

Also

sin

and

The term

)I

i s t h e Prandtl-Meyer a n g l e i n two-dimensional flow,

$

( y?%!)
Y-1

1
2

tan-'

[ Y-l

1
-

I
-

(ill2 - I ) ]

tan-'

(M'

1)

(25)

Y+'

Equations (19) and (23) a r e t h e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c e q u a t i o n s and a r e s o l v e d

by f i n i t e d i f f e r e n c e s .

I f a l l v a l u e s a r e known a t p o i n t 1 , t h e v a l u e s

a t p o i n t 2 a r e found ( y i s known a t b o t h p o i n t s ) by

A t t h e s t a r t i n g p o i n t W i s t h e v a l u e of u because v = 0.

Values of v2

a r e c a l c u l a t e d a t each p o i n t (x2, y2) from t h e t r a n s o n i c s o l u t i o n ,

and Eqs. (26) t o (28) a r e i t e r a t e d u n t i l convergence i s reached.
e v a l u a t i n g t h e term i n b r a c k e t s i n Eq.

For

( 2 8 ) , t h e r a t i o v/y i s d e f i n e d by

t h e t r a n s o n i c s o l u t i o n even on t h e a x i s where both v and y a r e zero.

T h i s f a c t e l i m i n a t e s t h e g e n e r a l problem i n axisymmetric c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s
s o l u t i o n s of e v a l u a t i n g t h e i n d e t e r m i n a t e s i n $/y i n Eq.

(23) on t h e

a x i s of symmetry.
I t may be noted t h a t t h e v a l u e of W a s c a l c u l a t e d from t h e c h a r a c t e r 2
i s t i c v a l u e from Eq. (21) d i f f e r s from t h e v a l u e (u
v2)1/2 calculated

from t h e t r a n s o n i c e q u a t i o n s , b u t t h e d i f f e r e n c e d e c r e a s e s w i t h inc r e a s i n g R.

For t h e f i n a l p o i n t of t h e t h r o a t c h a r a c t e r i s t i c which l i e s
3
3
on t h e a x i s , t h e v a l u e of d u/dx from t h e t r a n s o n i c s o l u t i o n f o r t h e
a x i a l d i s t r i b u t i o n i s "corrected" t o make u = W f o r t h e axisymmetric
c a s e f o r v a l u e s of R l e s s t h a n 12.

The c o r r e c t i o n i s about 16 p e r c e n t

f o r R = 1 and d e c r e a s e s r a p i d l y a s R i n c r e a s e s .

T h i s c o r r e c t i o n is made

2
2
s o t h a t v a l u e s of duldx and d u/dx can be c a l c u l a t e d from t h e t r a n s o n i c
The c o r r e c t i o n is b e l i e v e d t o be j u s t i f i e d

solution f o r l a t e r application.

inasmuch a s t h e accuracy of t h e t r a n s o n i c s o l u t i o n is l i m i t e d , p a r t i c u l a r l y
f o r low v a l u e s o f R, because t h e s e r i e s e x p r e s s i o n f o r u i s t r u n c a t e d
a f t e r t h e x3 term.

3.0

CENTERLINE DISTRIBUTION

I n t h e r a d i a l f l o v r e g i o n , t h e d i s t a n c e r , measured from t h e s o u r c e ,
i s r e l a t e d t o t h e l o c a l Mach number by

F i r s t , second, and t h i r d d e r i v a t i v e s of W o r M w i t h r e s p e c t t o r / r l can

b e o b t a i n e d a s d e s c r i b e d i n Ref. 12.
measured from t h e source.

Along t h e a x i s x = r when x is

Inasmuch a s a l l c o o r d i n a t e s must be normalized

by t h e same f a c t o r , r

t h e t r a n s o n i c e q u a t i o n i n terms of x/y and y / y

1'
0
0
can be transormed by Eqs. (16) and ( I S ) , a f t e r which t h e d i s t a n c e from
t h e s o u r c e t o t h e t h r o a t s t a t i o n must be taken i n t o account.

This

l a t t e r d i s t a n c e i s g e n e r a l l y unknown u n t i l a f t e r t h e d i s t a n c e from p o i n t
I t o p o i n t E i s determined.

I n r a d i a l flow, t h e term on t h e right-hand s i d e of Eq.

e v a l u a t e d simply.

Inasmuch a s s i n @ = y / r and dS
sin

sin P

d5

tan

but

-1

tan p

&

(M' - 1)

drlcos

( 2 3 ) can be

u,

a n d , from Eq. ( 2 9 ) for

o = I,

Thus
tan p

&

( M -~ 1 ) 2
2(1

+I2
~
2

dM
2

)M

From Eq. ( 2 5 ) ,

t h e r e f o r e , Eq.

(23), i n r a d i a l flow, becomes

which a p p l i e s f o r c h a r a c t e r i s t i c AB o r GF.
running c h a r a c t e r i s t i c EG,

(32)

= (0 + 1 ) ~

(34)

d* - d $
Therefore,

and

$G -

and, from t h e d e s i g n v a l u e s ri and

Similarly, f o r the l e f t -

d$

(andlor MF),

MA, MG, ME, WE, and

t h e n e c e s s a r y d e r i v a t i v e s can be c a l c u l a t e d .
Within t h e accuracy of Eqs. (11) and (12), t h e second d e r i v a t i v e of
v e l o c i t y r a t i o a t t h e s o n i c p o i n t i s n e g a t i v e f o r v a l u e s of R l e s s t h a n
11.767 f o r p l a n a r flow and 10.525 f o r axisymmetric flow.

The second

d e r i v a t i v e of Mach number a t t h e s o n i c p o i n t i s p o s i t i v e f o r a l l v a l u e s
of R.

Inasmuch a s t h e second d e r i v a t i v e of e i t h e r W o r M i s n e g a t i v e

f o r s o u r c e flow, i t seems b e t t e r t o use a v e l o c i t y d i s t r i b u t i o n r a t h e r

t h a n a Mach number d i s t r i b u t i o n between p o i n t s I and E.

On t h e o t h e r

hand, a Mach number d i s t r i b u t i o n between p o i n t s B and C i s p r e f e r a b l e

because t h e v e l o c i t y r a t i o approaches t h e c o n s t a n t v a l u e of

[(y

I)] 'I2 a s t h e Mach number i n c r e a s e s t o i n f i n i t y ; t h e r e f o r e , t h e

change i n v e l o c i t y between p o i n t s B and C becomes s m a l l r e l a t i v e t o t h e

I)/Y

change i n Mach number.

The v e l o c i t i e s and t h e i r f i r s t and second d e r i v a t i v e s a t p o i n t s I

and E a r e used t o determine t h e c o e f f i c i e n t s of t h e g e n e r a l f i f t h degree
polynomial
W

C, + C2

+ C 3 x2 + C4 x3 + C 5

x4

+ C6

x5

(35)

where
(x

xI)/(xk; - xI)

(36)

S i m i l a r l y , t h e Mach numbers and t h e i r f i r s t and second d e r i v a t i v e s a t

p o i n t s B and C a r e used t o determine t h e c o e f f i c i e n t s of t h e polynomial

where, i n t h i s c a s e ,

(x - xI?)/(xc - x,J

(38)

and t h e f i r s t and second d e r i v a t i v e s a t p o i n t C a r e u s u a l l y s e t e q u a l t o

zero.
I n t h e s e e q u a t i o n s , t h e l e n g t h s (x -x ) and (x -x ) must b e s p e c i f i e d ,
E I
C B
b u t can be determined by t h e c o n d i t i o n s t h a t C and D e q u a l z e r o ,

t h e r e b y reducing t h e polynomials t o fourth-degree ones.

If the velocity

a t p o i n t E i s determined by i t e r a t i o n , t h e t h i r d d e r i v a t i v e a t p o i n t I
o r E can be included a s a c r i t e r i o n f o r t h e fourth-degree polynomial;
o r , by s e t t i n g C

= 0 , one can f i n d a third-degree

stant third derivative.

polynomial w i t h a con-

I n e i t h e r c a s e , t h e Mach number a t p o i n t B i s

found from Eqs. (33) and (34) a f t e r t h e v a l u e a t p o i n t E i s found.

All

of t h e s e o p t i o n s a r e i n c l u d e d i n t h e program, b u t u n l e s s t h e r e a r e o t h e r

f a c t o r s i n v o l v e d , t h e p r e f e r r e d o p t i o n s a r e t h e cubic between p o i n t s I
and E and t h e q u a r t i c between p o i n t s B and C.

For t h e c u b i c d i s t r i b u t i o n f o r axisymmetric flow, t h e Mach number

a t p o i n t E i s r e l a t e d t o t h e r a d i u s r a t i o a s shown i n Fig. 5 f o r y
= 1 . 4 f o r v a r i o u s v a l u e s of i n f l e c t i o n a n g l e .

Cross p l o t t e d a r e l i n e s

Such v a l u e s f o r most axisymmetric

of c o n s t a n t v a l u e s of t h e r a t i o JiE/q.

n o z z l e s l i e i n t h e range covered i n t h i s f i g u r e , and inasmuch a s $F/q

=

JiE/n + 4 , v a l u e s of

Figure 5.

can a l s o be obtained.

12
16
Radius Ratio (R1

20

24

Relationships obtained from cubic

d i s t r i b u t i o n of v e l o c i t y from s o n i c
p o i n t t o p o i n t E f o r axisymmetric
nozzle.

I n determining t h e l e n g t h of t h e segment between p o i n t s B and C ,

u s i n g t h e fourth-degree polynomial d i s t r i b u t i o n , t h e r e i s a minimum
v a l u e of t h e Mach number a t p o i n t B f o r t h e design Mach number a t p o i n t
C.

A s g i v e n i n Ref. 1 2 ,

where t h e primes i n d i c a t e d e r i v a t i v e s w i t h r e s p e c t t o r / r
r e l a t i o n s h i p i s shown i n F i g . 6.

This
1'
For a n axisymmetric n o z z l e designed

f o r a Mach number g r e a t e r t h a n about 3.4,

t h e minimum Mach number a t

Figure 6.

4
6
8
10
Minimum Mach Number at Point B

12

14

Limitations of fourth-degree d i s t r i b u t i o n
of Mach number from Eq. (39).

p o i n t B i s about two-thirds of t h e d e s i g n Mach number.

Using such a

v a l u e u s u a l l y causes t h e l e n g t h t o be e x c g s s i v e , and more r e a l i s t i c

% are

75 to 80 percent of MC. It is important, however, as

illustrated in Ref. 16, that the distance between points B and C be

values of

sufficient to allow for accurate machining of the contour between

points A and J, which lie on the characteristics through points B and C,
respectively.

INVISCID CONTOUR

4.0

The flow properties are determined at a desired number of points

along the key characteristics (i.e., the throat characteristic, TI, as
described earlier (a sub-multiple of 240 is used for subsequent calculations),
the characteristics EG and AB bounding the radial flow region by Eqs.
(33) and (34) for equal increments in n, and the final characteristic CD
along which the Mach number is constant and the flow angle is zero).
The flow properties are also determined at axial points from Eqs. (35)
and (37).

The network of characteristics is then calculated in the

region TIEG starting at point E and progressing upstream and in the

region ABCD starting at point B and progressing downstream.
The equations for a right-running characteristic were given previously.
dy/dx

tan(+

dx/cos($

p)

(19)

p)

where
d[

dy/sin($

- p)

For a left-running characteristic, the equations are

d$ - d +

o sin

+ sin p
Y

d l

where
Also
d$

"o'p

(I

+ YI' bI2)
2

'iM
M

cot p

dW
W

Values of x, y , $, and M a r e known a t t h e g e n e r a l p o i n t 1 on t h e

r i g h t - r u n n i n g c h a r a c t e r i s t i c , 5 , and a t t h e g e n e r a l p o i n t 2 on t h e l e f t running c h a r a c t e r i s t i c , 5. ' T h e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s i n t e r s e c t a t t h e g e n e r a l
p o i n t 3 where t h e v a l u e s a r e c a l c u l a t e d by numerical i n t e g r a t i o n of Eqs.

(23) and ( 4 1 ) a l o n g t h e r e s p e c t i v e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s .
$,

$2

- (+3

sin

43

42) = P2 =
.iin p 3

42 s i n p 2

sin

y2

where
A[

- x2) s e c

(x,

tan ((13

(45)

and
Y - Y
U
= tau
X3

- x2

sin $3 sinp3

where

A[

sin

+ l

I*3)

4,

tan (+2

p2)

(46)

sinpl

y1

(x, - x , ) s e c a

and
Y -Y
U

tan a =

1 tan

(+,

+ L

p3)

X 3 - x1

tan ( 4
1

(49)

1*1)

Adding, s u b s t r a c t i n g , and r e a r r a n g i n g g i v e s
$3 =

I n p l a n a r flow, P

($2

(25), and p

(50)

p2 + P I )

= 0 because u = 0 and Eqs. (50) and (51)

2
i s o b t a i n e d from $ by t h e i n v e r s e a p p l i c a 3
3
1
= sin
(1/M3). I n axisymmetric flow, t h e equa-

t i o n s must be solved by i t e r a t i o n .
and P

- $2

= P

1
can b e s o l v e d d i r e c t l y , M
t i o n of Eq.

A u s e f u l f i r s t approximation f o r P

i s t h e r a d i a l flow v a l u e s , PI = ($3
2

$ , ) I 2 and P2 = ($ 3

1
q2)/2.

A t a l l p o i n t s except on t h e a x i s i n axisymmetric flow, Eqs.

(44)

and ( 4 7 ) a r e d e f i n e d because y2 and y 1 a r e nonzero. On t h e a x i s , t h e

terms s i n $ 2 /y 2 and s i n $ 1Iy1 a r e i n d e t e r m i n a t e w i t h t h e form z e r o / z e r o .
These i n d e t e r m i n a t e s can be e v a l u a t e d by assuming t h a t t h e g e n e r a l
p o i n t s 1 and 2 on t h e a x i s a r e v e r y c l o s e t o g e t h e r and t h a t p 1
and W, k W2
W3.
Equation (41) can be w r i t t e n

+ sin p

sin

c o t p il_w = d$, -t
y c o s ($,
W

p2

= p3

dx

+ p)

and Eq. 23 can be w r i t t e n

dw

cot p W

and

sin

sin

LL
-

X3

p dx

(4 - p )

y cos

p3

tan

-d$,

.
C

y3
-

X2

1 - x3

I n f i n i t e - d i f f e r e n c e form,

2%

(W3

W2)

= +3

sin q$3 t a n p 3

(X

- x2)

y3
+ $3

Ian

p3

(P

- x2) +

S i n + 3 tan

y3

(r3 - x 2 )

(54)

y3

2 s i n + 3 tan

/r3

p 3 (x3 - x2)/y3

(55)

Similarly
-=-O-t( wP3
,

w,)

4, +

s i n + 3 tan p 3 ( x l - x 3 ) / y 3

(56)

w3
+

2 s i n + 3 tan F~

(xl - x3)/y3

Adding Eqs. ( 5 5 ) and ( 5 7 ) and r e a r r a n g i n g ,

linl
y+O

and

sin

42
y2

$, =
sin

cot2

sinp2

(M'-1)
2M2

dW
dx

(c),

(57)

AEDC-TR-78-63

for use in Eq. ( 4 4 ) when point 2 is on the axis, and

sin

sinpl = ( ~ T - 1 1
y1

2W1 U',

for use in Eq. ( 4 7 ) when point 1 is on the axis,

In starting the calculation of the network of characteristics in
the region IIEG, point E becomes point 1 and the first axis point upsteam of point E becomes point 2.

The complete left-running character-

istic approximately parallel to EG is calculated, and the point on the

contour is determined from mass flow considerations as described in Ref.

17. The flow properties along this characteristic are then used to
calculate the next left-running characteristic, again starting on the
axis. This process is repeated until point I is reached, after which
the starting point for each left-running characteristic is a point on
the throat characteristic as illustrated in Fig. 7 .

The process in

region ABCD is similar except that right-running characteristics are

calculated for each point on the contour.

F i g u r e 7.

C h a r a c t e r i s t i c s near t h r o a t o f n o z z l e
w i t h R = 1,

5.0

BOUNDARY-LAYER CORRECTION

To each o r d i n a t e of t h e i n v i s c i d contour must be added a c o r r e c t i o n

f o r t h e boundary-layer growth t o o b t a i n t h e v i s c i d o r p h y s i c a l contour
of t h e nozzle.

Except f o r v e r y low s t a g n a t i o n p r e s s u r e s , t h e boundary

l a y e r i s assumed t o be t u r b u l e n t .

G e n e r a l l y , t h e boundary-layer cor-

r e c t i o n w i l l be made f o r one d e s i g n c o n d i t i o n of s t a g n a t i o n p r e s s u r e and

temperature although i t i s t h e o r e t i c a l l y p o s s i b l e t o reshape a f l e x i b l e p l a t e type of p l a n a r n o z z l e t o account f o r d i f f e r e n t boundary-layer
t h i c k n e s s e s corresponding t o d i f f e r e n t s t a g n a t i o n c o n d i t i o n s .

The

c o r r e c t i o n f o r a p l a n a r n o z z l e is u s u a l l y a p p l i e d t o t h e contoured w a l l s
o n l y , b u t t h e c o r r e c t i o n a l s o allows f o r t h e growth of t h e boundary
l a y e r on t h e p a r a l l e l w a l l s i n o r d e r t o m a i n t a i n a c o n s t a n t Mach number
along t h e t e s t s e c t i o n c e n t e r l i n e .

Therefore, the correction applied i s

g r e a t e r t h a n t h e displacement t h i c k n e s s on t h e contoured w a l l s , and t h e

flow i n t h e t e s t s e c t i o n i s d i v e r g i n g i n t h e l o n g i t u d i n a l plane normal
t o t h e contoured w a l l s .

I n t h e l o n g i t u d i n a l p l a n e normal t o t h e p a r a l l e l

w a l l s , t h e flow i s converging because of t h e boundary-layer growth;

moreover, t h e r e i s a tendency f o r t h e boundary l a y e r t o be t h i c k e r on
t h e w a l l c e n t e r l i n e because of t h e t r a n s v e r s e p r e s s u r e
on t h e p a r a l l e l w a l l s .

present

Although t h e s e p h y s i c a l e f f e c t s make a t r u e

correction impossible f o r a planar nozzle, t h e c a l c u l a t i o n s described

h e r e i n a r e made a s i f t h e c r o s s s e c t i o n were c i r c u l a r , w i t h t h e c i r cumference a t each s t a t i o n e q u a l t o t h e p e r i p h e r y of t h e a c t u a l r e c tangular cross section.
The method of c a l c u l a t i n g t h e boundary-layer growth is based on
o b t a i n i n g a s o l u t i o n t o t h e von K5rm5n momentum e q u a t i o n w r i t t e n f o r
axisymmetric flow.

The term [(l/rw) ( d r w / d x i becomes a n e f f e c t i v e one f o r p l a n a r flow a s

j u s t described.

For e i t h e r t y p e of n o z z l e , t h e i n v i s c i d v a l u e i s used

a s a f i r s t approximation.

The e n t i r e s o l u t i o n i s i t e r a t e d s e v e r a l t i m e s

and d r /dx = t a n 4

w i t h new v a l u e s of r

o b t a i n e d each time by adding

v e c t o r i a l l y t h e displacement t h i c k n e s s t o t h e i n v i s c i d contour.
The v a l u e of momentum t h i c k n e s s used i n Eq.

(61) i s d e f i n e d by

where z i s measured normal t o t h e w a l l .

Also

The q u a n t i t i e s 6" and 0 may be considered t o be t h e displacement and

thickness is small with

momentum t h i c k n e s s e s when t h e boundary-layer

respect to the radius, r

These v a l u e s a r e r e l a t e d t o t o t a l v a l u e s

6" and 8'

obtained from mass-defect and momentum-defect c o n s i d e r a t i o n s
a
a'
by
S*

6;

0 , - 0 2,

- 6:'

cos 4,"/2rW

(64)

and

0
= 6 2 cos 4
w
01
W
be r e a r r a n g e d t o g i v e
Because r

+ y,

cos

(65)

5hw/2rw

where y i s t h e i n v i s c i d r a d i u s , Eq.

(64) may

1
-

6;

S* +

(6*

y 2 sec2 +w)

For t h e f i n a l c o r r e c t i o n , t h e v a l u e 6:

sec $

y sec

5hw

(66)

i s added t o t h e i n v i s c i d

r a d i u s i n o r d e r t h a t no c o r r e c t i o n be made t o t h e l o n g i t u d i n a l l o c a t i o n .
The i n t e g r a t i o n s of Eqs. (62) and (63) a r e performed n u m e r i c a l l y
u s i n g Gauss' 16-point formula, w i t h t h e assumption of t h e power-law
velocity distribution
q/q?

= ( ~ / 6 ) " ~

(67)

and
p/p,

Tc/'l'

(68)

where

,r

T,

+ a

(.raw-

'I.,)

q/q,

['v, -

a (?',,

- )?,'

which i s Crocco's q u a d r a t i c temperature d i s t r i b u t i o n i f a = 1.

a s shown i n Ref. 12, a v a l u e of a

(69)

' I ' ~ ] (q/s,12

However,

0 gives a parabolic distribution

which a g r e e s b e t t e r w i t h d a t a o b t a i n e d i n hypersonic wind t u n n e l s w i t h

The same d i s t r i b u t i o n i s o b t a i n e d i f T =
w
Taw'
which i s l i k e l y t o be t h e c a s e f o r p l a n a r , f l e x i b l e - p l a t e nozzles.

water-cooled w a l l s .

Before u s i n g t h e Gaussian i n t e g r a t i o n , one must r e p l a c e t h e v a l u e s of z

N- 1
d(q/qe), respectively, i n order t o
and dz w i t h G(q/qe)N and NG(q/qe)
a v o i d t h e i n f i n i t e s l o p e , dq/dz, when q and z equal zero.
The v a l u e of t h e compressible s k i n f r i c t i o n c o e f f i c i e n t , C f ,
Eq.

in

(61) i s assumed t o be r e l a t e d t o a n incompressible v a l u e ,

by a f a c t o r F

C'

introduced by Spalding and Chi, Ref. 18,

F, C,

and Cf

(70)
li

i s r e l a t e d t o an incompressible Reynolds number, R e . ,

, by

r e l a t e a t o t h e compressible v a l u e , R

a f a c t o r FR

which u s e s Eqs.

(68) and (69).

I n Refs. 18 and 19, a v a l u e of a = 1

was implied, b u t Eq. (72) i s used h e r e i n w i t h a

a "modified" v a l u e of F

which i s

The f a c t o r F

0 also, t o give

may be considered t o be t h e

r a t i o of a r e f e r e n c e temperature t o t h e f r e e - s t r e a m temperature.
factor F
RG

, as

The

used by van D r i e s t , i s
",18

(73)

The compressible momentum thickness, ec, upon which R

the flat-plate value

because the values of F

plate data.

eC

is based is

and F were developed to correlate flatR6

The equation used herein for incompressible skin-friction coefficient is that of Ref. 20,
0.0773

+ 4,561) (log

( l o g lid

"i

ITgi

- 0,546)

This equation is believed to agree with experimental data slightly

better than the von KBrmBn-Schoenherr equation,
= ( l o g 11,

Cfi

(0.242)'
1.1696) ( l o g R e ,

0.3010)

at high Reynolds numbers. Also as shown in Ref. 20, Eq. (75) agrees
with the equation, Ref. 21, based on Coles' law of the wall and law of
the wake,
1
K

if

(2/cr)'

= [n

R8 + 0.5 Yn (Cr,/2! + K C + 211

(77)

= 400 to a maximum
8.
of 0.5885 at Re = 50,000 and then decreases to abouE 0.49 at Re =
7
i
10
In order *or Eq. (76) to agree with Eq. (77), II must continually
]I

varies as shown in Fig. 8 from about 0.41 at R

increase with increasing R

as shown in Fig. 8. The data shown in Fig.

Oi
8 were computed by Coles in Ref. 21 from Wieghardt's flat plate data,
Ref. 22. A comparison of friction coefficients from Eqs. (75) and (76)
is shown in Fig. 9 together with Wieghardt's values as recomputed by
Coles.

The constants

and C are 0.41 and 5.0, respectively. The

relationship between 8

and 6 is obtained from the logarithmic velocity

i
profile by neglecting the laminar sublayer, representing the wake function
by a sine2 distribution, and integrating to obtain
1
-

A E D C - T R -78-63

and

0.7

0.6

[ I

1111

I I I 11111

I I I I I I I

I i IIIT

From Eqs. (751and 177)

From Eos. (761and 1771

IT

Data Tabulated i n Ref. 21;

Identified as Wieghardt Flat Plate Flow

0.2 -

0.3

1 111111

103

1 1 1 1 1 1 1

104

I1111111

ld

106

I IIIlL

107

Rei

Figure 8.

Variation of wake parameter, n , with

Reynolds number (incompressible).

The value of N in Eq. (67) is assumed to be a function of Reynolds

number based on the actual boundary thickness, not corrected by FR '
and is evaluated through the use of the kinematic momentum thickneis

from which

or
N

i
- 3

[[t (8

- 6)

+1
+

11

Wieghardt's Flat Plate Data

Tabulated in Ref. 21

F i g u r e 9.

Variation o f skin-friction coefficient with

Reynolds number (inrompressi b l e ) .

The v a l u e of Ok/6 i s o b t a i n e d from Eq. (79), where t h e v a l u e of Il i s

e v a l u a t e d from Eqs. (75) and (77) w i t h Ok used i n s t e a d of 0
s u l t i n g v a r i a t i o n of N w i t h R

i'

The r e -

i s shown i n Fig. 10.

Two o p t i o n s contained i n t h e program s u b r o u t i n e f o r t h e boundary

l a y e r u t i l i z e Coles' law of corresponding s t a t i o n s (Ref. 2 3 ) ,

i s c a l c u l a t e d from Eq. (72) f o r a = 0 o r a = 1, t h e n one

F

''8

Tn,pv/(FcTFp w )

The second o p t i o n divdes Eq. (83) i n t o t h e two p a r t s ,

(84)

and

Rei/Roc

= P,/P,

uc i s e v a l u a t e d a t t h e temperature

where

T,

T, + 17.2(C / 2 ) ' a ( T a w

- 305(C / 2 ) [ a ( ~
- ~T,)~

T,)

fi

+ T,

T,]

Ii

(87)
12

III

,,

I I I

~I

1 1 11111

I 1 1 1 111

1 E I I I ~

10 -

4 -

2
104

106

105

107

108

R6

F i g u r e 10.

V a r i a t i o n o f v e l o c i t y p r o f i l e exponent w i t h Reynolds
number based on b o u n d a r y - l a y e r t h i c k n e s s .

S t i l l a n o t h e r o p t i o n d e f i n e s t h e incompressible s k i n - f r i c t i o n
coefficient as

where

and F

i s c a l c u l a t e d from E q . ( 7 2 ) .

The w a l l temperature i n t h e above e q u a t i o n s can be t h e a d i a b a t i c

w a l l temperature o r can be allowed t o v a r y between a t h r o a t w a l l temperature, T

and a nozzle-exit w a l l temperature,

W ~ '

a r e i n p u t t o t h e program.

TwD '

b o t h of which

Two o p t i o n s a r e a v a i l a b l e f o r t h e v a r i a t i o n

of w a l l temperature,

where m can be 1 1 2 o r 1 , A/A* i s t h e a r e a r a t i o corresponding t o l o c a l

Mach number, and A /A* i s t h e a r e a r a t i o corresponding t o t h e d e s i g n Mach
C

Equation (90) i s used i n l i e u of more

number a t t h e n o z z l e e x i t .

a c c u r a t e v a l u e s and approximates t h e way t h e h e a t t r a n s f e r d e c r e a s e s a s

t h e Mach number i n c r e a s e s from 1 a t t h e t h r o a t t o t h e design v a l u e a t
the exit.

For a water-cooled

t h r o a t , t h e v a l u e of T

c a l c u l a t e d by t h e program,

can a l s o be
T

where h

i s the a i r s i d e heat-transfer coefficient a t the throat as

a
c a l c u l a t e d by Reynolds analogy from t h e t h r o a t s k i n - f r i c t i o n coef-

f icient
11.

q,

c pI > ; ~ / ~c,12

(92)

w i t h a c o n s t a n t s p e c i f i c h e a t based on t h e thermochemical BTU

a n d 9 i s an i n p u t which i s a f u n c t i o n of t h e p r o p e r t i e s of t h e t h r o a t
m a t e r i a l , t h e c o o l i n g w a t e r , and t h e geometry and would be a c o n s t a n t i f
t h e p r o p e r t i e s were c o n s t a n t .

The assumption i s made t h a t t h e bulk

and t h a t p 2 I 3 i s t h e
temperature of t h e w a t e r i s 15'F l e s s t h a n T
w
r
s q u a r e of t h e recovery f a c t o r used t o o b t a i n ?he a d i a b a t i c w a l l temperat u r e , Taw.

For the integration of Eq. (61),

the values of x, y, dy/dx, M,

and dM/dx are obtained from the inviscid contour at unevenly spaced
points as a result of the characteristics solution. With the inputs of
stagnation pressure and temperature, gas constant, and recovery factor,
the unit Reynolds number and static and adiabatic wall temperatures can
be calculated at the same points as functions of Mach number with
Sutherland's equation used for viscosity.

With the inputs of T

and
T
the wall temperatures can also be calculated as functions of Mach
W

TwD '
number, although T

may need to be obtained by interation if the

T
option to input a value of Q is exercised. Sutherland's equation is
W

also used with wall temperatures to obtain the viscosities at the wall.
For any static temperature below the Sutherland temperature, 1 9 8 . 7 Z 0 R as
used herein, the viscosity variation with temperature is assumed to be
linear.

The integration of Eq. (61) is started at the throat where it is

assumed that d0/dx

0 in order to obtain a value of 0.

Iteration is

involved at each point because Cf is a function of Reynolds number based

upon 0, and the relations 016 and 6*/6 depend upon the value of N,
which is a function of Reynolds number based upon 6. After all iterations converge within specified tolerances, the value of 6* is calculated
a
from the value of A*, and the values of 0 and d0/dx are used in the
calculation at subsequent points.

The values of d0/dx are integrated

numerically to obtain the increment in 8 to be added to a previously

determined value of 0.

The trapezoidal rule is used to determine the

second point, the parabolic rule for the third point, and cubic integration for the fourth and subsequent points.
For convenience, Eq. (61) may be written 0'
integration for the nth point is

0P

Q. The general

where t h e G ' s a r e f u n c t i o n s of t h e s p a c i n g s s , t , and u between t h e

p o i n t s and a r e g i v e n i n Appendix B.

Except f o r On and ,8:

the other

v a l u e s i n Eq. (94) a r e known from previous c a l c u l a t i o n s .

Eq.

0 ; = Q"
(92) can be r e a r r a n g e d t o g i v e

I',,

Inasmuch a s

0"

(95)

A f t e r convergence of t h e i t e r a t i o n s , Eq. (95) i s used t o o b t a i n dO/dx.

Inasmuch a s Eq. (94) depends upon t h e knowledge of 0
On- 2

n-3'

t h e v a l u e of

i s c a l c u l a t e d by
=

+ f n -

0 -

@1;-*

13'n-l 0i;-,

[:,,On

(97)

which becomes t h e 8
f o r t h e n e x t p o i n t t o be c a l c u l a t e d . The v a l u e s
n- 3
of t h e F ' s a r e a l s o given i n Appendix B. The v a l u e s of 8 and O o b t a i n e d
2
3
from Eq. (95) a r e used i n t h e c a l c u l a t i o n of 6" and 6* i n s t e a d of t h e
a
i n i t i a l v a l u e s o b t a i n e d by t h e t r a p e z o i d a l o r p a r a b o l i c i n t e g r a t i o n .
The s u c c e s s of t h e above type of i n t e g r a t i o n depends upon t h e
spacing of t h e p o i n t s .

The v a l u e s of t h e increments s , t , and u must

be of t h e same o r d e r of magnitude, although t i s u s u a l l y l a r g e r t h a n s

and s m a l l e r than u i f t h e parameters involved i n t h e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s
s o l u t i o n a r e s e l e c t e d with care.

d(6:

A f t e r t h e v a l u e s of 6* s e c $w a r e c a l c u l a t e d , t h e v a l u e s of
a
s e c +w)/dx a r e obtained by p a r a b o l i c d i f f e r e n t i a t i o n and added t o

t h e i n v i s c i d v a l u e s of dy/dx t o o b t a i n drw/dx.

This procedure i s b e l i e v e d

t o be more a c c u r a t e than d i f f e r e n t i a t i n g t h e v a l u e

(6"a s e c

+W + y)

because dy/dx i s obtained d i r e c t l y from t h e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s s o l u t i o n and

n o t by d i f f e r e n t i a t i n g y w i t h r e s p e c t t o x.
I n g e n e r a l , t h e boundary-layer c o r r e c t i o n a t t h e t h r o a t w i l l have
a g r a d i e n t such t h a t t h e v i s c i d t h r o a t w i l l be s l i g h t l y upstream of t h e

inviscid throat.

T h i s displacement and t h e v a l u e of t h e v i s c i d curva-

t u r e a t t h e t h r o a t a r e c a l c u l a t e d u s i n g t h e assumption t h a t both t h e
i n v i s c i d t h r o a t and t h e boundary-layer c o r r e c t i o n a r e p a r a b o l i c i n
shape.

6.0

D E S C R I P T I O N O F PROGRAM

The computer program i s w r i t t e n i n F o r t r a n I V f o r use w i t h t h e IBM

3 7 0 / 1 6 5 Computer.

The program c o n s i s t s o f a main s e c t i o n , t h r e e f u n c t i o n s ,

and 1 6 s u b r o u t i n e s arranged s o t h a t t h e program can be o v e r l a i d t o

conserve computer s t o r a g e .

The f o u r o v e r l a y s c o n s i s t of AXIAL, CONIC,

SORCE, and TORIC; PERFC; BOUND and HEAT; SPLIND and XYZ.

The i n p u t

d a t a c a r d s a r e d e s c r i b e d i n Appendix C , and a l i s t i n g of t h e program is

given i n Appendix D.
Program MAIN.

MAIN c a l l s f o r t h e v a r i o u s o v e r l a y s .

The t i t l e c a r d i s

r e a d i n w i t h t h e d e s i g n a t i o n a s t o whether t h e nozzle i s p l a n a r o r
axisymmetric.

A c a r d d e f i n i n g t h e gas p r o p e r t i e s and a few p e r t i n e n t

dimensions i s then r e a d i n .

The f i r s t s u b r o u t i n e c a l l e d i s AXIAL, i n

which t h e upstream a x i a l d i s t r i b u t i o n i s defined.

c a l c u l a t e t h e upstream contour.

PERFC i s c a l l e d t o

AXIAL i s r e c a l l e d t o d e f i n e t h e downstream

d i s t r i b u t i o n , and PERFC i s r e c a l l e d t o c a l c u l a t e t h e downstream contour.

BOUND i s c a l l e d t o c a l c u l a t e t h e boundary-layer

growth.

SPLIND i s

c a l l e d t o determine t h e c o e f f i c i e n t s of c u b i c equations t o f i t t h e
unevenly spaced p o i n t s along t h e c o n t o u r , and X Y Z u s e s t h e s e c o e f f i c i e n t s t o o b t a i n o r d i n a t e s a t evenly spaced p o i n t s along t h e a x i s o r , i n
t h e c a s e of t h e p l a n a r n o z z l e , a t d i s c r e t e p o i n t s along t h e s u r f a c e of
t h e f l e x i b l e p l a t e a t which t h e s u p p o r t i n g j a c k s a r e l o c a t e d .

Subroutine AXIAL.

I n t h i s subroutine, cards a r e read i n with t h e

parameters used t o d e f i n e t h e a x i a l d i s t r i b u t i o n s of v e l o c i t y a n d / o r
Mach number and w i t h i n t e g e r s which d e f i n e t h e number and spacing of t h e
p o i n t s on t h e a x i s and on t h e key c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s and t h e sequence of

subsequent c a l c u l a t i o n s .

If the throat characteristic is called for,

t h e upstream end of t h e upstream d i s t r i b u t i o n s t a r t s a t t h e i n t e r s e c t i o n

of t h e t h r o a t c h a r a c t e r i s t i c and t h e a x i s .

An o p t i o n can be e x e r c i s e d

t o n o t use t h e t h r o a t c h a r a c t e r i s t i c and thereby s t a r t t h e d i s t r i b u t i o n

a t t h e p o i n t where M = 1 .

T h i s o p t i o n would normally be used f o r a

n o z z l e w i t h a l a r g e t h r o a t r a d i u s of c u r v a t u r e , e.g.

a planar nozzle, o r

i f i t were d e s i r e d t o r e p e a t a c a l c u l a t i o n a s i n Ref. 13.

Another o p t i o n

i s t o a v o i d a r a d i a l flow s e c t i o n a l t o g e t h e r by using a polynomial d i s -

t r i b u t i o n from t h e t h r o a t t o t h e beginning of t h e t e s t cone o r rhombus.

Other o p t i o n s w i l l be d e s c r i b e d i n Appendix C when t h e i n p u t cards a r e
discussed.
Subroutine BOUND.
boundary-layer

T h i s s u b r o u t i n e i s used t o c a l c u l a t e t h e t u r b u l e n t

c o r r e c t i o n t o t h e i n v i s c i d contour.

The s t a g n a t i o n

c o n d i t i o n s a r e i n p u t , a s a r e t h e parameters t o d e s c r i b e t h e wall temp e r a t u r e d i s t r i b u t i o n , t h e temperature d i s t r i b u t i o n i n t h e boundary

l a y e r , and t h e f a c t o r s r e l a t i n g t h e compressible s k i n - f r i c t i o n c o e f f i c i e n t s
t o incompressible values.
Subroutine CONIC.

T h i s s u b r o u t i n e i s used w i t h i n AXIAL t o g i v e t h e

d e r i v a t i v e s of Mach number w i t h r e s p e c t t o r / r

i n r a d i a l flow from Eq.

(29).

Function CUBIC.

T h i s s u b r o u t i n e i s used t o o b t a i n t h e s m a l l e s t p o s i t i v e

r o o t of a c u b i c equation.
Function FMV.

T h i s s u b r o u t i n e determines t h e Mach number f o r a given

Prandtl-Meyer angle.
Subroutine FVDGE.

This s u b r o u t i n e i s used w i t h i n PERFC i n c o n j u n c t i o n

w i t h NEO t o smooth t h e i n v i s c i d c o o r d i n a t e s a s d e s i r e d .

Subroutine HEAT.

T h i s s u b r o u t i n e i s a dummy c a l l e d by BOUND b u t i s

included s o t h a t w i t h a more e l a b o r a t e s u b r o u t i n e a h e a t balance can be

made t o determine t h e w a l l temperature i f t h e m a t e r i a l c o n d u c t i v i t y i s
s p e c i f i e d and t h e cooling w a t e r passage geometry and q u a n t i t y of flow
a r e specified.

Subroutine NEO.

T h i s s u b r o u t i n e i s used with PERFC i n conjunction w i t h

FVDGE t o smooth t h e i n v i s c i d c o o r d i n a t e s a s d e s i r e d by modifying t h e

o r d i n a t e such t h a t t h e second d e r i v a t i v e i s more n e a r l y l i n e a r a f t e r
smoothing than beforehand.
Subroutine OFELD.

T h i s s u b r o u t i n e is used w i t h i n PERFC t o c a l c u l a t e t h e

p r o p e r t i e s a t t h e i n t e r s e c t i o n of a l e f t - and a right-running characteristic.

Subroutine OREZ.

This s u b r o u t i n e i s used t o make a l l v a l u e s of an a r r a y

e q u a l t o zero p r i o r t o a new c a l c u l a t i o n .

Subroutine PERFC.

I n t h i s s u b r o u t i n e , t h e p r o p e r t i e s along t h e key

c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s a r e f i r s t c a l c u l a t e d t o go w i t h t h o s e along t h e a x i s .
The i n t e r m e d i a t e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s a r e then c a l c u l a t e d and t h e contour
p o i n t s obtained by i n t e g r a t i n g t h e mass flow c r o s s i n g each c h a r a c t e r istic.

I f d e s i r e d , c e r t a i n d e s i g n a t e d i n t e r m e d i a t e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s may

be p r i n t e d o u t .

I f smoothing of t h e o r d i n a t e s is d e s i r e d , t h e i n p u t s

a s s o c i a t e d w i t h t h e smoothing a r e r e a d and t h e smoothing a p p l i e d .

Inasmuch a s t h e w a l l a n g l e i s i n t e r p o l a t e d from mass-flow considerat i o n s , independently of t h e c o o r d i n a t e s , t h e w a l l s l o p e s a r e i n t e g r a t e d
from t h e i n f l e c t i o n p o i n t toward t h e t h r o a t f o r comparison w i t h t h e
interpolated ordinates.

P a r a b o l i c i n t e g r a t i o n i s used f o r t h i s purpose

a s w e l l a s f o r t h e mass flow.

Also c a l c u l a t e d f o r comparison a r e t h e

o r d i n a t e s of a parabola and a hyperbola which have t h e same r a d i u s

r a t i o , R , inasmuch a s t h e t r a n s o n i c s o l u t i o n should be e q u a l l y a p p l i c a b l e t o t h e s e shapes f o r t h e number of terms r e t a i n e d i n t h e s e r i e s ,

F i n a l l y , t h e s c a l e f a c t o r , t h e v a l u e of r

Eqs. ( 2 ) and ( 3 ) .

i n inches,

i s a p p l i e d t o o b t a i n t h e i n v i s c i d c o o r d i n a t e s i n i n c h e s , and t h e a b s c i s s a s a r e a l s o shifted a s desired.

Subroutine PLATE.

T h i s s u b r o u t i n e i s a l s o a dummy t o a l l o w a d d i t i o n a l

c a l c u l a t i o n s t o be made f o r a f l e x i b l e p l a t e contour a f t e r t h e c o o r d i n a t e s
a t each j a c k l o c a t i o n have been i n t e r p o l a t e d by SPLIND and XYZ.
T h i s s u b r o u t i n e i s used i n BOUND, NEO, and PERFC f o r

Subroutine SCOND.

p a r a b o l i c d i f f e r e n t i a t i o n of c o o r d i n a t e s t o o b t a i n t h e s l o p e s , o r of
s l o p e s and a b s c i s s a s t o o b t a i n second d e r i v a t i v e s .

Three p o i n t s a t a

time a r e used t o e s t a b l i s h t h e p a r a b o l a , and t h e s l o p e i s o b t a i n e d a t

the center point.

The s l o p e s a t t h e f i r s t and l a s t p o i n t a r e a l s o o b t a i n e d ,

b u t w i t h l e s s accuracy.
Subroutine SORCE.

T h i s s u b r o u t i n e i s used w i t h i n AXIAL t o g i v e t h e

d e r i v a t i v e s of v e l o c i t y r a t i o , W, w i t h r e s p e c t t o r / r 1 i n r a d i a l flow
from Eq. (30).
Subroutine SPLIND.

T h i s s u b r o u t i n e computes t h e c o e f f i c i e n t s of c u b i c

e q u a t i o n s t h a t f i t t h e unevenly spaced p o i n t s o b t a i n e d from t h e chara c t e r i s t i c s solution.

The i n i t i a l and f i n a l s l o p e s a r e used t o g e t h e r

w i t h t h e c o o r d i n a t e s t o determine t h e c u b i c c o e f f i c i e n t s .
Function TORIC.

I f t h e v e l o c i t y g r a d i e n t i s known a t t h e a x i a l p o i n t

where M = 1 , t h i s f u n c t i o n g i v e s t h e v a l u e of r a d i u s r a t i o , R, which
would produce such a g r a d i e n t from t h e t r a n s o n i c theory used.

This

f u n c t i o n i s used i n AXIAL i f t h e o p t i o n i s e x e r c i s e d of s p e c i f y i n g t h e
Mach number a t p o i n t F b u t n o t s p e c i f y i n g t h e v a l u e of R.

It is a l s o

used t o determine t h e v a l u e of R f o r c a l c u l a t i n g s t r e a m l i n e s o t h e r than

t h e contour i t s e l f .

Subroutine TRANS.

This subroutine c a l c u l a t e s the throat c h a r a c t e r i s t i c

from t h e t r a n s o n i c theory.

I n AXIAL, a t t h e p o i n t where t h e t h r o a t

c h a r a c t e r i s t i c i n t e r s e c t s t h e a x i s , t h e d e r i v a t i v e s of v e l o c i t y and
Mach number a r e used t o determine t h e c o e f f i c i e n t s of t h e polynomial
describing the axial distribution.

I n PERFC, t h e flow p r o p e r t i e s along

t h i s key c h a r a c t e r i s t i c a r e used a t t h e number of p o i n t s s p e c i f i e d a s

one p l u s a s u b m u l t i p l e of 2 4 0 .

Subroutine TWIXT.

T h i s s u b r o u t i n e i s used i n PERFC and BOUND t o i n t e r -

p o l a t e t h e o r d i n a t e and o t h e r p r o p e r t i e s a t a s p e c i f i e d p o i n t .

A four-

p o i n t Lagrangian i n t e r p o l a t i o n i s used w i t h two p o i n t s on e i t h e r s i d e of

the specified point.
Subroutine XYZ.

This s u b r o u t i n e u s e s t h e cubic c o e f f i c i e n t s obtained i n

SPLIND f o r c a l c u l a t i n g t h e o r d i n a t e , s l o p e , and second d e r i v a t i v e a t

s p e c i f i e d v a l u e s of t h e a b s c i s s a read a s i n p u t s i n t h e M A I N s e c t i o n of
t h e program.

The p o i n t s may be a t even i n t e r v a l s i n t h e a b s c i s s a o r a t

a r b i t r a r y uneven i n t e r v a l s .

The p o i n t s may be t h e same p o i n t s a s those

i n p u t t o SPLIND i f a comparison i s d e s i r e d between t h e d e r i v a t i v e s s o

determined and t h o s e obtained elsewhere i n t h e program.

7.0 SAMPLE NOZZLE DESIGN

The d e s i g n of a Mach 4 axisymmetric n o z z l e i s s e l e c t e d t o i l l u s t r a t e use of t h e computer program.
d e s i g n a r e given i n Table 1.

The i n p u t c a r d s f o r t h e sample

An axisymmetric nozzle i s s p e c i f i e d by

l e a v i n g J D b l a n k (JD = 0) on Card 1 .

Leaving SFOA blank on Card 2

s p e c i f i e s t h a t t h e upstream a x i a l v e l o c i t y d i s t r i b u t i o n i s not a f i f t h degree polynomial.

Leaving FMACH blank on Card 3 s p e c i f i e s t h a t t h e

v a l u e of FMACH w i l l be computed by t h e program, and l e a v i n g I X blank on

Card 4 s p e c i f i e s
3.0821543,

a cubic d i s t r i b u t i o n .

The computed v a l u e of FMACH is

which i s g r e a t e r than t h e v a l u e of BMACH s p e c i f i e d on Card 3 ;

t h e r e f o r e , BMACH a l s o becomes 3.0821543.

The n e g a t i v e v a l u e of SF

means t h a t t h e i n v i s c i d e x i t r a d i u s of t h e nozzle i s 12.25 i n .

The

v a l u e of PP means t h a t t h e i n f l e c t i o n p o i n t w i l l be 60 i n . downstream of
an a r b i t r a r y p o i n t .

Leaving XC b l a n k s p e c i f i e s t h e downstream a x i a l

d i s t r i b u t i o n w i l l be a fourth-degree polynomial, and t h e p o s i t i v e v a l u e

of I N on Card 4 s p e c i f i e s a Mach number d i s t r i b u t i o n .

The v a l u e s of MT,

NT, MD, ND, NF, and LR determine t h e number of p o i n t s on t h e key char-

a c t e r i s t i c s and a r e a l l odd numbers because each i n c l u d e s both end

p o i n t s of each d i s t r i b u t i o n which i s divided i n t o an even number of
increments.

The n e g a t i v e v a l u e of NF s p e c i f i e s t h e contour p o i n t s t o be

smoothed according t o Card 5, and t h e n e g a t i v e v a l u e of LR s p e c i f i e s

t h a t t h e t r a n s o n i c d i s t r i b u t i o n be p r i n t e d a s t h e f i r s t page of t h e
sample o u t p u t .

The NX v a l u e of 13 s p e c i f i e s t h e spacing of t h e a x i a l

p o i n t s between p o i n t s I and E t o be c l o s e t o g e t h e r n e a r P o i n t I w i t h t h e
l a s t increment about 3.17 times a s l a r g e a s t h e f i r s t increment,
1.3
(20' '
19
)
The J C v a l u e of 10 s p e c i f i e s t h a t every 1 0 t h l e f t -

running c h a r a c t e r i s t i c w i l l be p r i n t e d f o r t h e upstream contour t o g e t h e r

w i t h t h e right-running c h a r a c t e r i s t i c through P o i n t E.

The smoothing

i n t e g e r s on Card 5 a r e used t o c o n t r o l t h e smoothing s u b r o u t i n e .

T a b l e 1.
CARD 1
ITLE
M A C H 4
CARD 2
GAM
1.4

CPRD 3
8.67
ETAD
CARD 4
MT
NT
41
21

I n p u t Cards f o r Sample Design

JU

AH
1716.563
6.
RC
I X

20
1.

RO
0.896

FMACH

BMACH

VISC
2,26968E-8

3.

IN
10

I Q

MD
41

ND
49

CMC
MP

60.
PP

SF

MQ

J8
1

XBL
1000.

SFOA

-12.25

4.

NF
-61

VISM
198.72

JX

XC

JC
10

I T

1R

CARD b
PPQ
200.

TO
1638.

TWT
900.

TWAT
540.

OFUN
-38

ALPH

IHT

CARD 7
XST
1000.

XLOY
46.

XEND
172.

XINC

BJ

XMlD

XlNC2

2.

LR
-21

10
1
CN

NX
13

LV
5

For t h e boundary-layer c a l c u l a t i o n s f o r s t a g n a t i o n c o n d i t i o n s of
200 p s i a and 1638R, t h e v a l u e of QFUN of 0.38 o v e r r i d e s t h e s p e c i f i e d
t h r o a t temperature of 900R and produces t h e t h r o a t temperature of 866R
a s i n d i c a t e d on t h e o u t p u t .

Leaving ALPH blank causes t h e temperature

d i s t r i b u t i o n i n t h e boundary t o be p a r a b o l i c f o r b o t h t h e c a l c u l a t i o n of
t h e boundary-layer parameters and t h e c a l c u l a t i o n of t h e r e f e r e n c e
temperature.

Leaving I H T blank causes t h e l o n g i t u d i n a l d i s t r i b u t i o n of

w a l l temperature t o vary a s a square-root f u n c t i o n of t h e a r e a r a t i o

corresponding t o t h e l o c a l Mach number; m = 112 i n Eq.

(90).

Leaving I R

blank causes t h e t r a n s f o r m a t i o n from incompressible t o compressible

v a l u e s of s k i n f r i c t i o n c o e f f i c i e n t t o be c a l c u l a t e d using a modified
Spalding-Chi r e f e r e n c e temperature and a Van D r i e s t r e f e r e n c e Reynolds
number.

S p e c i f y i n g I D = 1 t a k e s i n t o account t h a t t h e boundary-layer

t h i c k n e s s i s n o t n e g l i g i b l e r e l a t i v e t o t h e r a d i u s of t h e i n v i s c i d core,
and i t s p o s i t i v e v a l u e causes t h e boundary-layer c a l c u l a t i o n s t o be
p r i n t e d f o r t h e f i r s t and l a s t i t e r a t i o n ; t h e number of i t e r a t i o n s i s
s p e c i f i e d by t h e a b s o l u t e v a l u e of LV (LV

5 f o r t h e example).

For t h e f i n a l c o o r d i n a t e s , i n t e r p o l a t e d a t even i n t e r v a l s , s p e c i f y i n g XST

1,000 ( t h e same v a l u e a s XBL on Card 2) keeps t h e X-

c o o r d i n a t e s c o n s i s t e n t w i t h t h e l o c a t i o n of t h e i n v i s c i d i n f l e c t i o n
p o i n t a t 60 i n . downstream of an a r b i t r a r y p o i n t .

The main parameters s e l e c t e d f o r t h e sample problem were t h e i n f l e c t i o n a n g l e , t h e c u r v a t u r e r a t i o , and t h e Mach number a t t h e p o i n t B.

The s e l e c t e d v a l u e s of 8.67 deg, 6 , and 3.0821543 (computed), r e s p e c t i v e l y ,
a r e n o t n e c e s s a r i l y optimum b u t r e s u l t i n a n o z z l e w i t h an upstream
l e n g t h of about 14 i n . from t h e t h r o a t t o t h e i n f l e c t i o n p o i n t , a
l e n g t h o f about 31 i n . from t h e i n f l e c t i o n p o i n t t o p o i n t J ( s e e Fig. 3 ) ,
and n e a r l y 120 i n . from t h e i n f l e c t i o n p o i n t t o t h e t h e o r e t i c a l end
of t h e n o z z l e .

Such downstream l e n g t h s a r e probably c o n s e r v a t i v e and

could be reduced t o some degree a l t h o u g h experience with Mach 4 axisymm e t r i c n o z z l e s i s very l i m i t e d .

The number of p o i n t s used on t h e key c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s should be cons i s t e n t w i t h t h e number of p o i n t s used i n t h e a x i a l d i s t r i b u t i o n s i n

o r d e r t h a t t h e i n d i v i d u a l n e t s i n t h e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s network should n o t
become t o o elongated (e.g.,

s e e Fig. 7 ) .

The spacing of t h e p o i n t s on

t h e f i n a l contour should a l s o p r o g r e s s i n an o r d e r l y manner.

Several

t r i a l s may be n e c e s s a r y t o o p t i m i z e t h e v a r i o u s i n p u t s t o t h e program.

8.0

SUMMARY

A method and computer program have been p r e s e n t e d f o r t h e aerodynamic d e s i g n of p l a n a r and axisymmetric s u p e r s o n i c wind t u n n e l nozzles.

The method u s e s t h e well-known a n a l y t i c a l s o l u t i o n f o r r a d i a l

s o u r c e flow and connects t h i s r a d i a l flow r e g i o n t o t h e t h r o a t and t e s t

s e c t i o n r e g i o n s v i a t h e method of c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s .

Continuous c u r v a t u r e

o v e r t h e e n t i r e contour i s a t t a i n e d by s p e c i f y i n g polynomial d i s t r i b u t i o n s of t h e c e n t e r l i n e v e l o c i t y o r Mach number and matching v a r i o u s

d e r i v a t i v e s of t h e s e polynomials a t t h e e x t r e m i t i e s of t h e r a d i a l flow
r e g i o n , t h e t e s t s e c t i o n , and a t h r o a t c h a r a c t e r i s t i c .

The i n v i s c i d

contour i s o b t a i n e d by i n i t i a t i n g c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s outward from t h e

c e n t e r l i n e and t h e n i n t e g r a t i n g t h e mass f l u x along t h e s e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s t o compute t h e i n v i s c i d n o z z l e boundary.

The f i n a l w a l l contour

i s t h e n o b t a i n e d by adding t o t h e i n v i s c i d c o o r d i n a t e s a boundary-

l a y e r c o r r e c t i o n based on displacement t h i c k n e s s computed by i n t e g r a t i n g

t h e von KArm%n momentum equation.

To i l l u s t r a t e t h e method, a sample

d e s i g n c a l c u l a t i o n was p r e s e n t e d along w i t h t h e a s s o c i a t e d i n p u t and

output data.

A l i s t i n g of t h e computer program and a n i n p u t d e s c r i p -

t i o n a r e included.

REFERENCES
1.

P r a n d t l , L . , and Busemann, A. "Nahrungsverfahren zur z e i c h n e r i s c h e n

Ermittlung von ebenen Stromungen m i t u b e r s c h a l l Geschwindigkeit."
Stodola F e s t s c h r i f t .

Zurich: O r e l l S u s l i , 1929.

2.

F o e l s c h , K.

"A New Method of Designing Two Dimensional Laval

Report NA-46-235-1,

Nozzles f o r a P a r a l l e l and Uniform J e t . "

North American A v i a t i o n , I n c . , Downey, C a l i f o r n i a , March 1946.

3.

R i i s e , Harold N.

" F l e x i b l e - P l a t e Nozzle Design f o r Two-Dimensional

Supersonic Wind Tunnels."

J e t P r o p u l s i o n Laboratory Report

No. 20-74, C a l i f o r n i a I n s t i t u t e of Technology, June 1954.

4.

Kenney, J. T. and Webb, L. M.

"A Summary of t h e Techniques of

V a r i a b l e Mach Number Supersonic Wind Tunnel Nozzle Design."

AGARDograph 3 , October 1954.

5.

S i v e l l s , J. C. "Analytic Determination of Two-Dimensional Supers o n i c Nozzle Contours Having Continuous Curvature."

AEDC-TR-56-11

6.

(AD-88606), J u l y 1956.

Owen, 3 . M. and Sherman, F. S.

F l u i d Flow and Heat T r a n s f e r a t

Low P r e s s u r e s and Temperatures:

"Design and T e s t i n g of a

Mach 4 A x i a l l y Symmetric IJozzle f o r R a r e f i e d Gas Flows."

Rept. HE-150-104,

J u l y 1952, U n i v e r s i t y of C a l i f o r n i a ,

I n s t i t u t e of Engineering Research, Berkeley, C a l i f o r n i a .

7.

Beckwith, I. E . , Ridyard, H. W . ,

and Cromer, N.

"The Aerodynamic

Design of High Mach Number Nozzles U t i l i z i n g Axisymmetric Flow

w i t h A p p l i c a t i o n t o a Nozzle of Square T e s t Section."
NACA TN 2711, June 1952.

8.

Cronvich, L. L.

"A Numerical-Graphical Method of C h a r a c t e r i s t i c s

f o r A x i a l l y Symmetric I s e n t r o p i c Flow."

J o u r n a l of t h e Aero-

n a u t i c a l S c i e n c e s , Vol. 15, No. 3 , March 1948, pp. 155-162.

9.

Foelsch, K.

"The A n a l y t i c a l Design of an A x i a l l y Symmetric

Laval Nozzle f o r a P a r a l l e l and Uniform J e t . "

J o u r n a l of

t h e A e r o n a u t i c a l S c i e n c e s , Vol. 16, No. 3, March 1949, pp.

161-166, 188.

Yu, Y. N.

"A Summary of Design Techniques for Axisymmetric

Hypersonic Wind Tunnels."

Cresci, R. J.

AGARDograph 35, November 1958.

"Tabulation of Coordinates for Hypersonic Axisym-

metric Nozzles Part I - Analysis and Coordinates for Test

Section Mach Numbers of 8, 12, and 20."

WADD-TN-58-300,

Wright Air Development Center, Dayton, Ohio, October 1958.

Sivells, J. C.

"Aerodynamic Design of Axisymmetric Hypersonic

Wind-Tunnel Nozzles."

Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets,

-

Vol. 7, No. 11, Nov. 1970, pp. 1292-1299.

Hall, I. M.

"Transonic Flow in Two-Dimensional and Axially-

Symmetric Nozzles."

The Quarterly Journal of Mechanics

and Applied Mathematics, Vol. 15, Pt. 4, November 1962,

pp. 487-508.
Kliegel, J. R. and Levine, J. N.

"Transonic Flow in Small

Throat Radius of Curvature Nozzles."

AIAA Journal, Vol. 7,

No. 7, July 1969, pp. 1375-1378.

May, R. J., Thompson, H. D., and Hoffman, J. D.
of Transonic Flow Solutions in C-D Nozzles."

"Comparison
AFAPL-TR-

74-110, October 1974.

Edenfield, E. E.

"Contoured Nozzle Design and Evaluation for

Hotshot Wind Tunnels."

AIAA Paper 68-369, San Francisco,

California, April 1968.

Moger, W. C. and Ramsay, D. B.

"Supersonic Axisymmetric Nozzle

Design by Mass Flow Techniques Utilizing a Digital Computer."

AEDC-TDR-64-110 (AD-601589), June 1964.

18.

S p a l d i n g , D. B. and C h i , S. W.

"The Drag of a C o m p r e s s i b l e T u r b u l e n t

Boundary Layer on a Smooth F l a t P l a t e With and Without Heat

Transfer."

J o u r n a l of F l u i d Mechanics, Vol. 18, P a r t 1 ,

J a n u a r y 1964, pp. 117-143.

19.

Van Driest, E. R.

"The Problem of Aerodynamic H e a t i n g . "

A e r o n a u t i c a l E n g i n e e r i n g Review, Vol. 1 5 , No. 10, O c t o b e r

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20.

S i v e l l s , J. C.

" C a l c u l a t i o n o f t h e Boundary-Layer Growth i n a

Ludwieg Tube."
21.

C o l e s , D. E.

AEDC-TR-75-118

"The Young P e r s o n ' s Guide t o t h e Data."

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Prediction.

22.

Proceedings

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Vol. 11, E d i t e d by D. E. C o l e s and E. A. H i r s t .

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bei

(AD-A018630), December 1975.

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Zur T u r b u l e n t e n R e i b u n g s s c h i c h t
K.W.I.,

U&M6617, 1944, t r a n s l a t e d

as "On t h e T u r b u l e n t F r i c t i o n L a y e r f o r R i s i n g P r e s s u r e . "
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23.

C o l e s , D. E.
Fluid."

1951,

"The T u r b u l e n t Boundary Layer i n a C o m p r e s s i b l e

RAND C o r p o r a t i o n R e p o r t R-403-PR,

September 1962.

APPENDIX A
TRANSONIC EQUATIONS
When Eq. (5) is substituted into Eqs. (2), (3) and (4), Eq. (2)
can be written as:

where the coefficients are written in the terminology of the program

and x and y are normalized with respect to y 0

For planar flow,

For axisymmetric flow,

GR = (15
GS

10 y)/288

(2708 y2

The first part of E q . ( A - l ) ,

(A-1 4)

+ 2079 y + 2115)/82944

(A-1 5)

which is independent of y, can be recognized

as Eq. ( 1 1 ) for planar flow or Eq. (12) for axisymmetric flow inasmuch
as x and y are normalized here with the value of y

I n a s i m i l a r manner, Eq. (3) can be w r i t t e n as

For p l a n a r flow,

V4,

(22 y + 75)/360

V2,

(10 y

Vo2

(34 y - 75)/1080

V63

(6574 y

26481 y

v43

(2254 y2

6153 y

(5026 y2

7551 y - 4923)/77760

(7570 y

3087 y

'23
'
0
3

15)/108

40059)/181440
2979)/?5920

23157)/544320

A EOC-TR-78-63

For axisymmetric f l o w ,

APPENDIX B
CUBIC INTEGRATION FACTORS
I f a c u r v e through f o u r p o i n t s w i t h o r d i n a t e s a , b, c, and d,
spaced a t uneven increments i n a b s c i s s a , s , t , and u, i s d e f i n e d
by a c u b i c equation, t h e a r e a under each s e c t i o n of t h e curve can
be found i n t h e following manner:
= Fas a

Areab-c

- Fat a

+ Fbt

Area

Area

a-b

c-d

Areatotal

where

F
a
au
= G

Fbs b

Fcs c

+ Fct

Fds d

(B-1)

+ Fdt

(B-2)

+ FbU b + FcU c + Fdu

(B-3)

a+Gbb+G

c+Gdd
c .

(B-4)

If all increments are equal, then

s = t = u = h

The v a l u e s of G ' s i n E q .
The v a l u e of F ' s i n Eq.

(96) correspond t o t h o s e i n Eq. (B-4).

(97) correspond t o t h o s e i n Eq. (B-1).

APPENDIX C
INPUT DATA CARDS
Input

Columns

Card 1
ITLE

Title

JD

Blank (0) for axisymmetric contour,

-1 for planar.

Card 2
GAM

Specific heat ratio.

AR

Gas constant, ft2/sec2 R .

zo

Compressibility factor for an axisymmetric nozzle, constant for entire

contour. Or, for a planar nozzle, 2.0
is half the distance (in.) between the
parallel walls, and the compressibility
factor is one.

RO

Turbulent boundary-layer recovery factor.

VISC

Constant in viscosity law.

VISM

Constant in viscosity law. If VISM is

equal to or less than one,
1-1 = VISC*

T'ISM

lb-sec/f t

If VISM is greater than one,

'

VISC*
T + VISM

2
lb-seclft

If

T is greater than VISM,

1-1 =

SFOA

VISC*
; T ( VISM.
2 VISM~'~

Used for nozzle with radial flow region

if 5th-deg axial velocity distribution
is desired. If positive, the distance,
in inches, from the throat to Point A

on t h e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c diagram. I f negat i v e , a b s o l u t e v a l u e i s d i s t a n c e from t h e

I f Blank, 3rd- o r 4tht h r o a t t o P o i n t G.
deg d i s t r i b u t i o n i s used depending on v a l u e
of I X on Card 4.
XBL

7 1-80

S t a t i o n ( i n . ) where i n t e r p o l a t i o n i s
d e s i r e d (e.g., t h e end of a t r u n c a t e d
nozzle). ~f XBL=~OOO., the s p l i n e f i t
s u b r o u t i n e s a r e used t o o b t a i n v a l u e s a t
increments evenly spaced i n l e n g t h .

Card 3
ETAD

FMACH

1-10

I n f l e c t i o n a n g l e i n d e g r e e s i f r a d i a l flow
r e g i o n i s d e s i r e d . Two c h a r a c t e r i s t i c
s o l u t i o n s a r e o b t a i n e d , one upstream and
one downstream of P o i n t A.
I f ETAD = 60.,
the entire centerline velocity distribution
i s s p e c i f i e d and only one s o l u t i o n i s
o b t a i n e d and t h e i n f l e c t i o n p o i n t must be
i n t e r p o l a t e d . I f ETAD = 60., I Q = 1 , I X = 0,
on Card 4.

11-20

R a t i o of t h r o a t r a d i u s of c u r v a t u r e t o
t h r o a t r a d i u s . Must be g i v e n i f ETAD = 60.
o r FMACH = 0. I f FMACH i s g i v e n , RC i s
c a l c u l a t e d . I f LR = 0, I X = 0 g i v e s t h i r d deg e q u a t i o n between Mach 1 and EMACH,
matching f i r s t and second d e r i v a t i o n s a t
each end. I f LR f 0, t h e v a l u e of RC found
f o r LR = 0 i s used w i t h given v a l u e of FMACH
t o d e f i n e a fourth-deg e q u a t i o n . I f I X = 21
and FMACH i s g i v e n , RC i s c a l c u l a t e d t o
d e f i n e a fourth-deg equation. I f LR f 0 ,
a new v a l u e of FMACH i s found, compatible
w i t h t h e v a l u e of RC c a l c u l a t e d f o r LR = 0.

21-30

Mach number a t P o i n t F i f ETAD # 60. Negat i v e v a l u e s p e c i f i e s Prandtl-Meyer a n g l e

a t P o i n t F a s IFMACHI *ETAD ( u s u a l l y around
- 7
I f FMACH and RC a r e given, I X = 0
and 4th-deg d i s t r i b u t i o n i s used.
If
FMACH = 0 and I X = 0 , a 3rd-deg d i s t r i b u t i o n i s used. I f FMACH = 0. and I X = 21,
a 4th-deg d i s t r i b u t i o n i s used. FMACH i s
c a l c u l a t e d i f n o t given. I f ETAD = 60.,
Point F i s not defined.

BMACH

31-40

Mach No. a t P o i n t B i f ETAD # 60.

CMC

41-50

Absolute v a l u e i s d e s i g n Mach No. a t P o i n t

I f ETAD # 60, p o s i t i v e CMC g i v e s d 2 ~ / d x 2
C.
=0, and n e g a t i v e CMC g i v e s d 2 ~ / d x 2# 0. I f
ETAD = 60., CMC i s p o s i t i v e .

51-60

S c a l e f a c t o r by which nondimension coordin a t e s a r e m u l t i p l i e d t o g i v e dimensions

i n inches. I f SF = 0 , n o z z l e w i l l have a n
i n v i s c i d t h r o a t r a d i u s ( o r h a l f - h e i g h t ) of
1 i n . I f n e g a t i v e , n o z z l e w i l l have an
i n v i s c i d e x i t r a d i u s (or h a l f - h e i g h t ) of
in.

ISF~

61-70

S t a t i o n ( i n . ) a t P o i n t A. PP = 0 g i v e s
c o o r d i n a t e s r e l a t i v e t o geometric t h r o a t .
Negative PP g i v e s c o o r d i n a t e s r e l a t i v e t o
s o u r c e o r r a d i a l flow (ETAD # 60.).

71-80

Nondimensional d i s t a n c e from s o u r c e t o
P o i n t C. XC = 1. r e q u i r e s c e n t e r l i n e Mach
No. d i s t r i b u t i o n from P o i n t B t o P o i n t C
t o be r e a d i n a s i n p u t d a t a on Unit 9.
Otherwise, p o s i t i v e XC g i v e s 5th-deg d i s t r i b u t i o n i f CMC p o s i t i v e and 4th-deg i f CMC
n e g a t i v e . XC = 0 g i v e s 4th-deg d i s t r i b u t i o n
i f CMC p o s i t i v e and 3rd-deg i f CMC n e g a t i v e .
Negative XC and I N g i v e s 3rd-deg d i s t r i b u t i o n
with d 2 ~ / d x 2n o t matching s o u r c e flow a t
P o i n t B.
I f ETAD = 60. and XC > 1 , XC i s r a t i o
of l e n g t h , from t h r o a t t o P o i n t C , t o t h r o a t
h e i g h t . Negative XC g i v e s 3rd-deg d i s t r i b u t i o n i n M; XC = 0 g i v e s 4th-deg d i s t r i b u t i o n ;
XC > 1 g i v e s 5th-deg d i s t r i b u t i o n . XC = 1.
r e q u i r e s c e n t e r l i n e Mach No. d i s t r i b u t i o n t o
be read i n a s i n p u t d a t a on Unit 9.

Card 4
MT

Number of p o i n t s on c h a r a c t e r i s t i c EG i f
ETAD # 60. o r CD i f ETAD = 60. Maximum
v a l u e about 125. Use odd number. A zero o r
negative value stops calculation a f t e r centerl i n e d i s t r i b u t i o n i s c a l c u l a t e d i f NT p o s i t i v e .

Number of p o i n t s on a x i s IE. Maximum v a l u e

i s 149-LR. Use odd number. A zero o r negat i v e value stops calculation before centerl i n e d i s t r i b u t i o n i s calculated but a f t e r
parameters and c o e f f i c i e n t s of d i s t r i b u t i o n
a r e calculated.
Determines i f t h i r d d e r i v a t i v e of v e l o c i t y
d i s t r i b u t i o n i s matched. IX = 1 matches
third derivative with transonic solution.
IX = -1 matches t h i r d d e r i v a t i v e w i t h s o u r c e
flow v a l u e . IX = 0 does n o t match t h i r d d e r i v a t i v e but gives constant t h i r d d e r i v a t i v e i f
RC = 0 o r FMACH = 0.
Determines t y p e of d i s t r i b u t i o n from P o i n t B
t o P o i n t C , p o s i t i v e f o r Mach No. d i s t r i b u t i o n ,
negative f o r velocity distribution. I N = 0 f o r
t h r o a t only. I f XC i s g r e a t e r than I . , t h e
downstream v a l u e of t h e second d e r i v a t i v e a t
P o i n t B i s 0. I*
times t h e r a d i a l flow
v a l u e . S i m i l a r l y , i f ETAD = 60., t h e second
d e r i v a t i v e a t P o i n t I i s O.l*IN times t h e
transonic value.

IIN~

Zero f o r a complete contour i f ETAD # 60., 1 f o r

t h r o a t only o r i f ETAD = 60., -1 f o r downstream
only.
Number of p o i n t s on c h a r a c t e r i s t i c AB. Maximum v a l u e about 125. Use odd number. A z e r o
or negative value stops calculation similarly
t o MT.
Number of p o i n t s on a x i s BC. Maximum v a l u e i s
150. A zero o r n e g a t i v e v a l u e a c t s l i k e NT.
Absolute v a l u e i s number of p o i n t s on c h a r a c t e r i s t i c CD f o r ETAD # 60. Maximum v a l u e i s 149
o r 200
ND
MP
- number of p o i n t s on
upstream contour. Negative v a l u e c a l l s f o r
smoothing s u b r o u t i n e .

IMQ~

Number of p o i n t s on c o n i c a l s e c t i o n GA i f
FMACH # BMACH. Use v a l u e t o g i v e d e s i r e d inu s u a l l y n o t known f o r
crements i n contour
i n i t i a l calculation.

Number of points downstream of Point D if

parallel inviscid contour desired. A negative value can be used to eliminate the
inviscid printout.
Positive number if boundary-layer calculation is desired before spline fit. Negative number transfers control of program to
JX. Absolute values greater than one are
used to approximately halve the number of
points on the upstream contour even though
LR + NT - 1 points are calculated from characteristic network if LR > 2 , or (NT + 1)
points if LR = 0.
Positive number calls for calculation of streamlines, zero calls for repeat of inviscid calculations requiring new cards 3 and 4, or, if
XBL = IOOO., for spline fit after inviscid calculation, negative number calls for repeat of calculations requiring new cards l, 2 , 3, and 4.
If not zero, calls for printout of intermediate
characteristics within upstream contour if JC
is positive and downstream contour if JC is
negative. Characteristics are (NT - 1)/JC or
(ND - I)/(-JC).
Opposite running characteristic
through Point E (or B) is also printed.
Number of points at which spline fit is desired
if points are not evenly spaced, such as jack
locations for a flexible plate. Used only for
a planar nozzle, inasmuch as a nonzero value
calculates distance along curved plate surface.
Positive value of IT requires additional cards
to be read in (8 points per card) after boundary
layer is calculated.
Absolute value is number of points on throat
characteristic used in characteristics solution.
Negative values give printout of transonic solution. LR = 0 gives M = 1 at Point I.
Number from 10 to 20 determines spacing of points
on axis for upstream contour. NX = 10 gives
linear spacing. NX > 10 gives closer spacing of
points at upstream end than at downstream end.
NX = 0 same as NX = 2 0 . Ratio of downstream

increment to upstream increment is (NT - 1) NXI10 NX/ 10

(NT - 2)
. Optimum values, usually 13 to 15,
determined by trial and error for specific contour desired. Negative NX used with negative LR
limits printout to transonic solution.
NOTE:
-

A zero value of MT, NT, MD, or ND will allow a repeat of calculations for parameters specified by new cards Nos. 3 and 4.
A negative value will allow a repeat of calculations for new
cards Nos. 1, 2, 3, and 4.

Card 5
NOUP

1-5

NPCT

6-10

If smoothing is desired, negative NF.

times upstream contour is smoothed.
Smoothing factor in percent.

Number of

Smoothing factor

= NPCT/IOO.

NOD0

11-15

Card 5

Number of times downstream contour is smoothed.

If boundary-layer calculation is desired using
inviscid points calculated from characteristics
solution. (No smoothing).

or

If boundary-layer calculation is desired using

evenly spaced points interpolated from spline
fit of points from characteristics solution.

Card 6
or
Card 7

If boundary-layer calculation is desired using

evenly spaced points interpolated from spline
fit of smoothed points.
Stagnation pressure (psia)

PPQ

1-10

TO

11-20

Stagnation temperature, Rankine.

TWT

21-30

Throat wall temperature, Rankine, if QFUN = 0.

If TWT = 0, the wall temperature is assumed to
be the adiabatic value.

TWAT

31-40

Wall temperature, Rankine, at Point D. For

water-cooled wall, the bulk water temperature
is assumed to be 15" lower than specified
TWAT. The cooled wall temperature distribution is assumed to be

T
W

TWAT

+ (TWT -

TWAT)x
1

where A/A* i s t h e a r e a r a t i o corresponding t o

l o c a l v a l u e of Mach number and Ac r e f e r s t o
P o i n t C.
For n e g a t i v e IHT
T
W = TWAT

QFUN

41-50

(TWT - TWAT)
Ac/A* -

Heat-transfer function a t t h e throat.

= ha(Taw

TWT

- TWT)
TWAT + 15

where ha has dimensions of BTU/sec/sq f t / R and

i s obtained by Reynolds analogy from t h e skinf r i c t i o n c o e f f i c i e n t . I f QFUN is s p e c i f i e d ,
i n p u t v a l u e of TWT i s ignored and TWT i s calcul a t e d from QFUN.
ALPH

51-60

Parameter s p e c i f y i n g temperature d i s t r i b u t i o n i n
boundary l a y e r . ALPH = 1. u s e s q u a d r a t i c d i s t r i b u t i o n both i n t h e c a l c u l a t i o n of t h e r e f e r ence temperature TP and t h e c a l c u l a t i o n of
boundary-layer shape parameters. ALPH = 0 u s e s
parabolic d i s t r i b u t i o n i n both calculations.
ALPH = -1. u s e s q u a d r a t i c d i s t r i b u t i o n f o r TP
and p a r a b o l i c i n t h e c a l c u l a t i o n of boundaryl a y e r shape parameters. Within boundary l a y e r ,

+ a(Taw - TW) (U/Ue)

+ [ ~ e- a(Taw - Tw) - TW]

T = Tw

(U/Ue) 2

where a = 1 f o r q u a d r a t i c d i s t .
a = 0 for parabolic d i s t .

IHT

61-65

I n t e g e r which determines temperature d i s t r i b u t i o n ( s e e TWAT). I f nonzero, IHT determines

how o f t e n s u b r o u t i n e HEAT i s c a l l e d . An a b s o l u t e
v a l u e of IHT g r e a t e r t h a n KO, t h e number of p o i n t s
on t h e upstream c o n t o u r , w i l l prevent HEAT from
being c a l l e d b u t w i l l a l l o w t h e choice of temperat u r e d i s t r i b u t i o n t o be made.

NOTE:

IR

HEAT is a special purpose subroutine for determining

heat-transfer values for the upstream contour. The
subroutine HEAT incorporated in this program is a
dummy.
66-70

Integer, parameter specifying transformation

from incompressible to compressible values.
If IR = 2, Coles' transformation is used for
Cf and Re,.
If IR = 1, TP is calculated by
"
a modification of the Spalding-Chi (Van Driest)
method. If IR = 0, the Van Driest value of
is used, but if IR = -1, Coles' law of
-

corresponding stations is used.

71-75

Integer. If ID = +I, axisymmetric effects

are included in momentum equation and in calculation of boundary-layer parameters ( 6 not
negligible relative to coordinate normal to
axis). If ID = 0, these effects are omitted.
Negative ID suppresses the printout of the
boundary-layer calculations.

76-80

Integer. Absolute value, usually 5, determines number of times boundary-layer solution

is iterated so that radius terms in momentum
equation refer to viscid radius instead of
inviscid radius. Value of 0 or absolute value
of 1 uses inviscid radius. Positive LV repeats
boundary-layer calculations for new set of
parameters on a new card if XBL # 1000.

Card 5
ETAD

If streamlines are desired, JX positive. (No

smoothing.)
1-10

Inflection angle in degrees for streamline

desired if ETAD # 60. for Card 3. If ETAD
60, on Card 3, use ETAD = 60 on this card.

QM

11-20

Fraction of contour desired if ETAD = 60.

Otherwise, QM = ETAD on Card 5 divided by
ETAD on Card 3.

XJ

21-30

Value to update JX for subsequent calculation, JX = XJ.

AEDC-TR-78-63

Card 5

I f SPLIND used a f t e r i n v i s c i d c a l c u l a t i o n
(JX zero o r n e g a t i v e and J B zero o r negative).
(No smoothing. )

or
Card 6

I f SPLIND used a f t e r v i s c i d contour (JB p o s i t i v e and LV zero o r n e g a t i v e ) . No smoothing

of i n v i s c i d contour. Or, i f i n v i s c i d contour
i s smoothed b e f o r e SPLIND is used.

or
Card 7
XST

I f i n v i s c i d contour i s smoothed, boundary l a y e r

i s added and SPLINE i s d e s i r e d .
1-10

If
S t a t i o n ( i n , ) f o r t h r o a t v a l u e of X.
XST = 1000., program u s e s v a l u e p r e v i o u s l y
determined by s p e c i f y i n g PP on Card 3. Otherwise, v a l u e of XST is used t o s h i f t contour
p o i n t s by d e s i r e d increments f o r a r b i t r a r y
S t a t i o n 0.

XLOW

11-20

Starting value f o r interpolation.

of i n t e r p o l a t e d X = XLOW + XINC.

Second v a l u e

XEND

21-30

End v a l u e f o r i n t e r p o l a t i o n . I f z e r o , SPLIND
i s used t o c a l c u l a t e s l o p e and d2y/dx2 a t same
points a s previously defined.

XINC

3 1-40

Increment i n X f o r i n t e r p o l a t i o n . I f z e r o , and
B J > 10, contour i s d i v i d e d i n t o B J increments.

BJ

41-50

Value t o update J B f o r subsequent c a l c u l a t i o n .

J B = B J . I f n e g a t i v e and XEND = 0 , i n t e r p o l a t i o n i s made a t d i s c r e t e p o i n t s read i n on subsequent c a r d s s i m i l a r t o c a s e when IT > 0.

XMID

51-60

Intermediate value f o r i n t e r p o l a t i o n . Distance

(I(MID-XLOW) is d i v i d e d i n t o increments d e f i n e d
by XINC, and d i s t a n c e (XEND-XMID) i s d i v i d e d
i n t o increments d e f i n e d by XINC2.
Increments i n X between XMID and XEND i f d i f f e r e n t t h a n XINC.
Number of c o p i e s d e s i r e d of f i n a l t a b u l a t i o n of
c o o r d i n a t e s i f more than one copy i s d e s i r e d .

APPENDIX D
COMPUTER PROGRAM
C
C

C
C
C

M A I N PART OF
MA1
PROGRAM C O N T U R ~ I N P U T ~ O U T P U T ~ T A P E ~ ~ I N P U T T T ~ P E ~ ~ ~ ~ T P ~ TMA1
~
MA1
MA1
NOZZLE CONTOUR PROGRAM VEV00028 FOR AXISYHMETRIC OR PLANAR FLOW
WITH RADIAL FLOW REGION ANOlOR WITH CENlER-LINE VELOCITY OR MACH MA1
NUMBER DfSTRlBUTlONS DEFINE0 BY POLYNOMIALS.

1
2
3

rial
MA1
MA1
MA1
MAX
MA1

8
9
10
I1

YbI

I.

c
C
C
C
C
C
C

CORRECTION APPLIED FOR GROWTH OF TURBULENT BOUNDARY LAYER.

PERFECT G4S I S ASSUMED WITH CONSTANT S P E C I F I C HEAT RATIO. G4M1
C O M P R E S S l B I L I l Y FACTORv 2 0 1 AND RECOVERY FACTOR. 10. AS INPUTS.
ALSO INPUT I S 6 4 5 CONSTANT. AR. I N 5 0 F T PER SQ SECOND PER DEG R.
I F VISM I S SuTHERL4NDS TEMPERATURE. VISCOSITY FOLLOWS SUTHERLINDS
LAW ABOVE VISM. BUT I S LINEAR WITH TEMPER4TURE BELOW VISY.
IFIVISH.LE.1.D.Ol
VISCOSITY~VI~C~~EYPE~)~IUIIEEEVIS~

!1!
2
"".
8

12

13

~ 4 iis
I M P L I C I T REIL.814-H.0-Zl
MA1
16
G ~ P 1G7 A ~ R G A ~ Q T
COMMON /GG/ G A M ~ G H ~ G ~ ~ G ~ ~ G ~ ~ G ~ ~ G ~ S G ~ ~ G T I G ~ ~MA1
COMMON /COORD/ S I 2 0 0 1 ~ F S I 2 0 0 l ~ W 4 L T A N l 2 O O ~ ~ S D l 2 O O ~ ~ Y M N l 2 O O l T R l 2 O O1M8A I
1l~DMDXl2001~SPRlZ00~~OPXlZOOl~SREFl200lXBNXCINGH4GHBGM
MA1
C G O 19
COMMON /COW/ O L 4 I Z 0 0 1 ~ R C O l 2 0 0 ~ ~ D A X l Z O O ~ ~ D R X l 2 O O ~ ~ S L l 2 O O l O*
R.
2I 2 0
MA1
21
COMMON /PROP/ I R ~ Z O ~ R O ~ V I S C . V I S M I I S F O A ~ X B L L C O N V
COMMON /PARAM/ E T A D ~ R C ~ ~ M ~ C H ~ B M ~ C H ~ C M A C I ( I ( E M A C H H G M A C H * F R C2 S
2~OW
~ ~ P ~ O Y ~ W E ~ C B E ~ ~ X E ~ E T A ~ E P S I ~ B P S I I X O O Y O O R R C S O O X ~ X C A H 2P3P ~ E T Y E ~ A M ~ I
MA1
24
COMMON /JACK/ SJl301rXJl30~~YJl30l~AJl3OI
COMMON /CONlR/ I T L E ~ ~ ~ ~ I E ~ L R ~ ~ T ~ J ~ ~ J Q ~ J X X N A T T K B L L MA1
K I N G 2~ 5K O L ~ N ~ C ~ N
~41
26
0 4 1 4 Z R O / O . ~ ~ + ~ / ~ O N E / ~ ~ O + O / I T U O / ~ ~ D I O / ~ D C ? / ~ ~ C U R ~ ~ T ~ RM
DATA OC1/8H 02Y/DX2/,DC2/8H
/,DC3/81
ANGLE/
MA1
21
D4TA OC418H
OY/DX/rDC5/8I(
DY/DS/rDC6/8H
DXlDSl
MA1
28
DATA L 1 1 4 1
X/rLZ/+H
Y/rL3/4H
SIvLII4M
/.LS/4HDIFF/
MA1
29
CONV~9O.O~O/DARSINIONEl
MA1
30
11.0
MA1
31
NC0.
Y.1
?
,

READ 15.30.END.Zbl
I F II~LEI~I.EQ.L~I
IE.1-JD
PT.ONE/lI+IEI

ITLEsJD
M) 10 24

uri
MA1
MA1
MAD
MA1
MA1
MA1
MA1
M41
U41
MA1
MA1
MA1

JO.0
LV.0
CALL A X I A L
I F (LV.LT.01
GO TO I
CALL PERFC
GO TO 2 4
I F 1NOCON.NE.OI
I F ((JO.GT.OI.OR.(JX.GT.011
CALL BOUND
I F IJB.Gl.01
GO TO 5
I F IXBLIEP.I.D~~I
I F IlT.LT.11
GO TO b

GO TO 3

XEND.~ROREAD (5,28.EN0.241
(SJl%lrKrl.KUPI~XSl
CSU~0NE10S0RTlONE~ORXlKAT~~~21
SNU.CSK.DRX~UAT1
CALL SPLlND (SL.RCO.LRO.SNK.KAT1
GO TO 6
GO TO 2 4
I F 1LV.GT.OI
I F (JX.LT.01
60 TO I
GO TO 2
CONTINUE

60 10 8
Y R I T E (6.261
xS1~RCO(lltORX~lIrZRO.W2
XaIAx-S(UAT1-S(Il+XST
YMAX-RCO(KAT1
TMAX-ORX(KAT1

REAO 15.28rEND.261
ISJlKlrK=l.KUPI
GO 10 11
I F 1XINC.GT.ZROI
KUP.IXEN0-XLO#l/XINC+1.D-2
I F lX*IO.NE+ZRO)
JJI~XMID-XLOY)/XINCII.~-~
I F iXMID.NE.ZR0)
5UP.JJ1lXEND-XMIDI/XINC21l.O-2
I F I J B . G T + l O l KUP=JR
I F lJR.Gl.lO1
XINCISLONG/BJ
KAP=lXMAI-XLOY)IXINC+1
I F lXI1D.NE.ZROl
K4P=JJ'lXMAX-XMID)/XINC2-I
DO I 9 K.1.KUP
I F 1XEND.EO.ZROl
6 0 TO I 2
X=XLOW.K.XINC
I F IK.GT.JJI
X.XMIDIlK-JJL'XINCZ
GO TO 1 3
I F 1IT.Ll.L.AND.JB.GE.O)
X*SiK+ll
I F lIl.GT.O.OR.J8.Ll.O)
X.SJlK1
XX=x-X51+5i1~
I F IK.LT.KIP)
C A L L XYZ IXX.IY,VYPIYYPP~
I F 1K.EO.NIPI
I=lMAX
I F 1K.GE.KAP)
YY*VYAX
I F 1K.GE.KAPI
YVPITMIX
I F 1K.GE.KAP)
IYPP*ZRO
I F IIT.LT.lI
GO TO 1 6
I F lIPP.Gl.01
GO TO I 4
YJiK).YY
AJ~U)IDARS~NIIYPI
IANGICONV~AJIIO
CUR~=YYPPIOC~~~IJIII)
WRITE 16.261 X.YY*YVPIYANGICURV
GO TO 18
YY=YY-Si11.X5T
XJlK)*"Y
HANG.CONV.DlRCOSiYYPj
WRITE 16.261 X.YY.YIP,IANG
GO TO 1 8
YING~CONV~DATANIy~Pj
I F ~XENU.EO.ZRO.ANO.JR.GE.O~
DY=*IP-IALT4NlK.l)
I F lJB.LE.0)
GO TO 1 7
FSIK+lB=YY
WILTAN(Krll=VYP
SDlKrlllYYPP
I F lXEND.GT.ZRO.OR.JA.Ll.0~
Y R l T E 16.261 XIYIIYYP.IINGIYYPP
I F IXEND.EQ.ZRO.AND+JB.GE+O)
# R I T E 1 6 r 2 6 1 X,YY~YYP,WANG.YYPP.DY
I F lMODIK.LO).EP.01
U R I l E 16.291
I F lM001K~50l.NE.01
GO TO 1 9
Y R I T E 16.25)
ITLE.SLONG

19

21
22

WRITE (6,311 LAIL~.DCA,OC~~OCC.OCB~LB

CONTINUE
CALL PLATE
I F (IT.GT.O.ANO.IPP.EO.11
I F (IPP.GE.NCI
GO TO 2 0
1PPiIPP.l
WRITE (6.25)
ITLE,SLONG
WRITE (6.311 LA.L2,OCArOC3rOCC
YRITE (6.26)
IST~RCO(~~~ORX(~~~~ROOORZ

IPPIl
CALL SPLINO lSL.S,ONE.CSK.KLl)
WRITE (6,291
WRITE ( 6 ~ 3 1 ) L3rLl.OCbrOC3
WRITE (6.261
XSTIX$T$ONS.ZRO
GO TO 11
I F (JBI 112.22
CALL SPLINO ( S ~ * M N I D M D X ( I ~ ~ O M D X ( K ~ N G ~ ~ K I N G I
DO 2 3 K-lrKUP

X-XLOW~K~XINC
I F 1XENO.EO.ZRO)
X.S(K.11
XX.X-aST.S(I)
I F (K.LT.KAP)
CALL XYL (XX1YY.YYP.YYPPI
I F (K.GE.RAP)
YY=CMACH
I F (K.GE.KAPI
VYP=ZRO

c i ~ SOUNO
i

26

I F (JB.EP.1)
I F (JB.GT.lOl
WRITE (6.25)
WRITE (6.31)
WRITE (6.2lI
GO TO I
STOP

STOP
GO 1 0 1
ITLEISLONG
L1,LZ.DCI
ISIKI.RCO(K~.ORX(~)rX~l.KAT)

MA1
FORMAT (IRI.9X*346..
COOROINATES AND OERIVATIVESI LENGTH ='.FlZ.lIMII
FORMAT ( I H ~8X.ZF15.b.LP1E20.8)
MA1
FORMAT ( 1 0 ( 9 X ~ O P Z f 1 5 . 6 ~ I P E Z O . W l )
MA1
FORMAT (8EIO.O)
*A1
FORMAT ( 1 W I
MA I
FmMAT 1 3 4 1 ~ 1 3 )
MA I
FORMAT ( ~ H O ~ ~ ~ X ~ A ~ ~ ' I I N ) ~ ~ ~ X X ~ ~ ~ ~ ( I N ) I I ~ X I : A ~ ~ ~ Z X ~ A ~ ~ ~ ~ X ~ A ~ ~ ~ X ~ ~ ~ ~
Ix..b
I )
MA1
END
SUBROUTINE AXIAL

TO ORTAIN THE A X I A L D I S T R I B U T I U N OF VELOCITY AND/OR MACH NUHAER

AX1
3
AX1
I M P L I C I T REAL.814-HrO-21
AX1
COMMON /FG/ G C ~ G D ~ G E ~ G F ~ G H ~ G I I M A P I H B B H C C H E
AX1
COMMON /GG/ G A M ~ G W ~ G ~ ~ G ~ . G ~ ~ G ~ ~ G ~ . G ~ . G T I G ~ B G ~ ~ G AX1
~~UGA~QT
COMMON / C L I N E / A X I S I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ I ~ T A X ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ V I P P X ~ A~ XF1 R I P P Z O N K S E D ~ S E
COHHON /PROP/ 1 R ~ Z O ~ R O ~ V l S C ~ V I S L I ~ S F O A . X A L ~ C O N V
AX1
COMMON /PARIM/ E T P D ~ R C ~ I * ~ C H ~ ~ M ~ C H ~ C ~ A C H W E W A C H H G W A C I I ~ F R C ~ S F ~ U W O ~ ~ W ~ X I
~~P~QM~UE~C~ET~XE~ETA~EP~~~BPSIIXOOYOORRC~SDO~XB~XC~AH~PP~SE~TYE~XAAXI
COMMON /CONTR/
ITLE~~~~IE~L~~~T~J~~JQOJXIKATTK~L~KINGOKO~LV~NOC~N~
I I N I M C ~ M C P I I P ~ I Q ~ I S E E J C C M ~ ~ P P M Q ~ N N N P P N F F N U T N R L C M D M F M T NAX1
DNT
DATA Z R ~ / ~ ~ O D ~ ~ / ~ O N E / ~ ~ ~ ~ O / ~ T W O / ~ Z O ~ O / ~ ~ I X AX1
/ ~ ~ D O / ~ L F / ~ O - ~ /
DATA ~ H R / ~ ~ D ~ O / ~ F O U R / ~ ~ O I O / ~ F I V / ~ ~ D D O / I T E N / ~ ~ D ~ A/ XT1 L V / ~ Z ~ /
0 4 1 4 S E V / ~ + D ~ O / ~ E I T ~ ~ . D ~ O / ~ F F T N / ~ . ~ O ~ ~ / O T R T Y / ~ . D ~ / S XAX1
TY/~.D~/
Dh1A * l / W G M l C / r M Z / W Z - D
/ r l A X I S / L Y A X I S / ~ N S / 4 ~ SPEI.NC/*WCIIL/
AX1
0 4 1 4 N3/4H 3RO/.Nb/+H
4lH/.N5/4H
51H/.NO/4H-DEGI
6x1
DIMENSION C l b 1 . 0 1 4 1 . AX11501. A X M l 1 5 0 l r 4XMP11501
1x1
ax,
HPI=P.D.l/CONV
I F IJQ.EUIO.AND.JX.EQ.OI
CALL ORE.? IAX1S,2.7501
I F IJQ+GT.Ol
GO 1 0 SO
I F lJX.EQ.01
GO TO 2
CARD USED TO O B T A I N INTERNAL STREAMLINES I J X > 0 1
READ 15+93.EN01911

ETAO.QM.XJ

~X~

C
6

C
C
C

4x1
80
411
81
4x1
82
R E 4 0 l5,93.EN0.91l
ET~O.YC.FM~C~.BYACH~CMCCSFFPPPXC
4x1
83
4x1
81
CAR0 USE0 TO CONTROL C4LCUL4TlONS
411
85
4x1
86
R E 4 0 ( 5 , 9 2 1 ~ T . N T . ~ ~ , I N ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ O ~ N O . N F . W P P M O , J ~ B J X . J C ~ I T ~4Lx R
1 ~ N 8~ 1

C ~ R OUSED TO E S T L e L I S H I N V I S C I O PAR4MElERS

.11

a*

NOH-R4OI4L FLOW AT INFLECTION POINT

10.1
AMACH.CM.CH
8M4CH~Cn4Cn
EMICH.CM4Cn
FM4CH.CMACH
GMICH.CMLCH
I F lIE.EQ.11
4H.GMACM
WE~G~.EM~CH/O~ORTIEMACH..~PG~I

Ow.wE-WI
XO.ZRO
EOElZRO
GO TO 1 5

"---- .".

CALL SORCE IUE,Ol

xE.Dl11
WEP*Di2l
WEPP.0131
IRPPP*DI*J
I F INR.NE.01
GO TO 1 5
I F ILR.NE.O.OR.IO.LT.01
GO
I F IIX.EQ.01
WRITE 16.1061
I F III.NE.01
WRITE !6.1061
1TER4TION TO DETERMINE RC I F NOT S P E C I F I E D INR m
E4.WRPPP
EB.-FIv.wEPP-wIPP
EC=TLV.wEP
ED=-TLY*D#
XIE.CUBICIE4rEB,EC.E0)
I F IXIE.LE.ZROI
GO 10 8 9

WIP~TWO~IWE-ONE~/XIE-WEP~~WEPP-YIPPI~XIE/SIX
NOCON.NOCON+I
I F I N O C O N ~ G T ~ l O OGO
l TO 9 0
RT-TORIClWIP,SEl
RCmRT-ONE

T~~~ONE-G~~IONE+~GE~GF/R~I/RT)/RT~~Z/I~~+~EI/THR
vO.SEITm

AX1
4x1
4x1
ITERATION FOR RC COMPLETED. REMLINOER OF TRINSONIC VALUES COYPUTEOAXI
AX1
YIP-(ONE-IGC-GO/RTI/R~l/VO/A4
4x1
YHPIllP
YIPP.YHPP
4x1
AX1
AX1
AX1
4x1
4x1
4x1
4x1
.XI
AX1
4x1
4x1
4x1
CALL FOR THROAT CH4RACTERISTIC VALUES
CALL TRANS I ~ ~ ~ T K . W O ~ ~ M . ~ M P ~ ~ H P P P W ~ ~ ~ ~ P P ~ W P P P ~ I 4PxP1 P ~ X I ~
4x1
I F 1NX.LT.O.IND.NT.LT.OI
GO TO 8 7
AX1
I F INX.LT.01
GO TO 4
.Me.A#IP/<F
4x1
4x1
4x1
4x1
4x1
4x1
4x1
4x1
4x1

...

XO-XE-XIE-XO1
C2-XIE*UIP
C3.H4LFWIPP*XIE..2
Cb-WE-ONE-CZ-C3
IF 1IX.Nf.Ol
CI.FOUR.C4'TWO.CJIC2-XIE.UEP
I F IIP.LT.01
GO 1 0 2 0
WRITE 1 6 r 1 1 0 1 ITLE.NIILR

AX1

WRITE 1 6 r 9 6 1 X I E . C ~ I C ~ . C I , X L
YIPIYLP

J0.0
M=ZONK
?II~
-.I.I
NSNT
I F IOM.EO.ONE1
GO 10 2 3
XO=XI-XOI
RETURN
C 4 L L ORE2 IC.61
I F IISE.EO.01
GO 7 0 3 1
LENGTH OF 4 X I A L O I S T R I M U T I O N FOR NON-RADIAL FLOW
X1.XOI
AEH=EM4CH-AM

.. .--.

AWSOIAHP..Z+AEM.AIIPP.FOUR/7HR
I F ILR.EO.01
WRITE 1 6 , 1 2 2 1
I F ILR.NE.01
WRITE 16.1071
I F IAYSO+LT.ZROl
GO TO 28

ITLE,NI.NO
ITLE.NI.NO,LR

XIE=FOUR~AEM/lO5OR7lAM5Ol~4MPl
GO TO 26
XIE=THR.AEMIAWP
XE=XIEIII
I F ILR.EO.01
WRITE 16,1221
I F lLR.NE.01
I R I T E 16.1071
CIZI=AWP.XIE
Cl31~SIX+AE~-THR.CI21
C14IITHR.ClZI-EI7.4EM
GO TO 4 6
GO 10 2 9
I F lLC.EO.11
XE=XC/TU

ITLE,N3.HO
ITLE.N~.NOILP

XIEIFIV'AEWIIOSOR~II*P..ZZINNAEM~AYPPIEI~I+AMPI
I F IXE.GT.XI+XIEI
XIEWE-XI
C121=4YP.XIE

XE=XltlIE

C131~~4LF~IN.AYPP.XIE..2/~EN
CI~l=TEN.4EM-SIX.CIZl-TIIR.C131

Cl5I=-FFlN~IEM~EIT~Cl2l~THR*Cl3l
CI~~ISIX~~EM-THR.C~PI-C~~)
I F ILR.EO.01
I F ILR.NE.01
GO 10 4 6

WRITE 16,1221
WRITE 16.1071

ITLE.NS.NO
ITLE,N5rNO1LR

AX1
AX1
AX1
AX1
AX1
A
AX1
AX1
4x1
AX1
AX1
AX1
AX1
AX1
4x1
AX1
PXI
4x1
AX1
4x1
4x1
AX1
AX1
AX1
A X
AX1
4
AX1
AX1
4x1
AX1
A X
AX1
AX1
AX1
AX1
AX1
AX1
AX1
AX1
AX1
AX1
AX1
AX1
AX1
AX1
AX1
4x1
4x1
4x1
AX1
4x1
AX1
AX1
411
4x1

227
228
229
230

231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
213
214
245
246
247
248
249
250

251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258

259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
271
273
274
275
276
277

278
279
280

281
282

*
L
*:
- w2

m
x

0-

ax.
xx
'Lo-x

x-.
r.-"La.

:?i
5:

N F

_I

L
-1

-.
a
L
0

LI

.?
' m m2
5s

YW

NQO

_I"'=

-0..

' C

u---

"

2-00

W
Y .OW

D O D L
CDI

1-z-XX-8-80

.--z-wD~

00

DD
11

Y Y

; .0

..

J -8

DD

.
" 0

m
zz

JJ

0"

C r -

O^^

"00

0..

OOOW'OW

0000000

..

n o u o f. * ?
o "
"Yz.0-w
O I X O . Y Y
C.7C"C
z-0 0 0 0 .a=
WZZW~II
0

00

O L
W L

OOW

000

OOY
C C t
OOL
OW=

_1

"8

-'"e --2,. z0"

=
. -- --.. ----- -f*2:
.:. .
xcaf
22
*'g w Y ..
EL;
--.- - .
-...
.. g ? -.-. -.....-...--.. --0S%5:11"<?551157
..
-$$Y5z5ff$E;EzkfEE

.N
U L
.-.*--ow
O - L * x Q * l - O L . - - X w Z Q
IUWO..-,lDY
.^',I.
"".C-00.
---,x'm'o-,-n."--C

c W
8I .

~~E!:fioo5~Lz~~fi~LLo
uUUXXwOxD-u.aXX--w

w
m

W Z
+-<

w d c
J Za
8

=0 , 0

..

m
*
0

OX^
0
uuc
w
awe
XPTO
uww,
* Y1
.I*,
wu
ww-I
m-.-k

g::e:;

r'

c
0

a
\
a

(1

wI

<

-w
om
xu

r
u

0
c.
0.

i d

-0
Vl8 x

n=
nz
we
x 8
n
wa
x wz
L.
JW
a

I I

Ix

an

x,

.d

0
.
.

- 2 -

-01..

w*.

020- 2::

I.
U
I
=< u
mr
.
u
a.
wm
.w
VIX
" I

.-a

YW
X X

YW

0,

\L

WL
xm
YE
mo

x u

(0

I.

.
. -.
.- .
-. -.
-.
.
..
-.. .. ..., .

I.

Y
I.

0.
+.--a
r *
x.w
Z-!.?,L-Z
sz
OUU
.WI
.-<<,-<
01m
wax
a-.
::-5:::
?N
n ,xw>
- m - .n.==ww-.w..
C C
O . W
LC
>.o~1-.m,-1
> O W r > w w .W. Aw - - c w.m.
e
.
L..
mxY...,~...,44-00J.A
WAZW
n * . a * L a u O O X I I .a .--<wL~ "xW-w m .~ wr.-L ~
Y 1n 1v.w0 W Uo ~-X-I ~
~ xu u ~ l x

ac--U-U-O-U---U-~--x~X--------

Y-rCLwI
-4.-.U
z0
10->z<03...,TUIU
-..,NaY<L&
COWWIT"%.
-*nrzm=m

FZSGZy:L2::Lg::::,LiB2.L;L=N24Z

- W W Y ~ - m m x w w - ~ . 4 a X - - x ~ x ~ ~ ~ u U u u u

XBC=TnR.*CB,Y8P
WBPPS-TWO'IBPIXBC
WRITE (6.1091 I T L E I N ~
GO

m sr

rxi
AX1
4x1
AX1
AX1
411

...

- - ..-

..

...

I F lYCP.LT.01
I F IUCP.Gl.01

WRITE
WRITE

l 6 r 1 0 9 1 ITLEIN*
16.1091
ITLEvNS

C , > I .Xm-.**D

LENGTH OF DOWNSTREAM MACH NO+ O I S T R ~ B U T I O N , R A D I A L FLOW

CALL CONIC IHMACHrDl
X8-Dl11
8UP=DI21
SUPPIDI~I

SWPPP.O(*I

i~
ILZ.NE.OI

.. -.

GO TO 5 9
WRITE 16.1081 I l L E . N 3
I F lMCP+LT.Ol
I F lUCP.LT.01
X8CN=THR.C8MIBMP
I F lUCP.LT.01
XBCM--TWO.BuPI8UPP
I F IMCP.GT.01
WRITE 16.1081 I1LE.N'
I F IUCP.GT.01
XBCN=FOURrC8uIBMP
I F IWCP.GT.01
XBCMS-THR.BMP/BYPP
ABCM*ONE-XBCNIXBCM
I F 14BCII.LT.ZROl
GO TO 8 8

X8C~XBCNIIDSORTl48CWl.ONEl
XC=XB+XBC

59

60

GO TO 6 2
GO 10 6 1
I F lLC.NE.11
D O 6 0 KSl.NO
READ 1 9 1 4 X I I o ~ A X M I K l . L X I P l K l
I F 1K.EQ.l)
DX-XB-4XlI1
AXI511~KI*4XlKl.DX
I F 1AXHPlZI.EO.ZROI
C A L L SCOND l A I + A X M . A X M P ~ N O I
AIMI1l'8MLCn
AX*PIIl.8*P
XC-AXISIl~NOI
XBC.XC-XB
W R I T E 1 6 ~ 1 1 1 lI T L E

XBC=xC-X8
I F IYCP.LT.01
W R I T E 16.108)
ITLEvN4
I F 1MCP.GT.OI
WRITE I b r l O B I I T L E v N 5
C12).XBC'B*P
C13I.HlLF.XBC.XBC.BHPP
I F 1WCP.LT.OI
Cl4l~FOUR.CBM-THR.C12l-TWO~C13l
I F 1MCP.LT.OI
Cl5l~-THR~CBMrlWO.C12l~C13l
I F 1WCP.GT.OI
Clbl~TEN~CBM-SIX~CI2l-THR~Cl3l
I F IYCP.GT.01
Cl5I~-FFTN.CBMrEIT'Cl2l~lHR.C(3)
I F 1MCP.GT.OI
C16l*SIX.C8M-THR.Cl2l-C13l
I F 1LC.LE.01
Cl61-ZRO
CPP-ZRO

io.xc~ir~*terr
W R I T E 16.1001 M.N.NP~GAM.ET1O.RC.SF
I F I I P I 64167r65
W R I T E 16.116)
W~.W~PIWBPP,BPPP.WSPP~WCCWCPPCPPPCPPPPWSPPP
GO 10 66
W R I T E 1 6 r 1 1 7 1 BMACM~EMPI~MPP~BPPP~SMPPPCMACM~CWPPCPPPCPPP~~MPPP
W R I T E 16.911
Cll)rCl2lrC131~Cl41~Cl5l~Cl6l
W R I T E l b r l l 8 1 .M~CH$XA.XB.X~CIIC.XO

CALCULATE A X I A L D I S T R I B U T I O N
W R I T E 16.1031
IAXIS

81

82
83

..
86
87

I F IIP.EO.O.&ND+RMACH.GTTXMI
WRITE (6,1211
K.HYICH,XM
4x1
I F IIP.NE.O.ANO.RY~CH.LTTXM~
WRITE 16.124)
KrRM4CHrXM
4x1
XYY=GT/G*/GIW
X I
XMP.X*W.IP
4x1
XIIPPIXM~-IYPP+THR~G~~Y*WP~WPIG~U~
111
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223
224
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296
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298
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303
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311
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POL~TION
1 F 1 2 ~ R ~ 1 H ~ ~ F I 1 . 8 ~ 1 H ~ ~ F 1 I 1 8 ~ 1 L I t 1 It 1
, tF12.8
8OU
FORMIT (l*O,'
ITERAT1ONI+lrt~r
QFUN ='rFB.St'.
THROAT TEMP =BOU
l'rF6.1
1 1
BOU
EN0
BOU
CON
SUBROUTINE CONIC ( X M r R I
TO O R T I I N MICH NUMRER O E R l V A T I V E S I N R l O l l L FLOW
CON
I M P L I C I T REAL.8ll-HrO-21
CON
COMMON /GG/ G ~ M . G M . G ~ , G ~ , G ~ . G ~ ~ G ~ . G ~ , G ~ I G ~ B G ~ ~ G ~ ~ R G A CON
~QT
DATA ONE I . ~ + O ~ ~ T Y ~ ~ ~ . ~ ~ ~ / ~ T H I ~ ~ ~ O ~ O ~ I F ~
CON
U R ~ L . ~ D ~ ~
CON
DIMENSION B ( 4 l

PO.,

CON
CON
.-OM
-v.

CON
CON
CON
CON
CON
CON
CON
CON

-FUNCTION
.-

FMV (PWAl
TO O U l l I N MACH NUMBER F110W PRINDTL MEYEP ANGLE
IYPLICtT R~~L.~~A-H.O-ZI
COMMON /GO/ G A M I G U . G ~ ~ G Z . ~ ~ . G ~ ~ G ~ . G ~ . G ~ I G ~ B G ~ P G A

CUB
CULl
FMV
FMV
FYV
FMV
FUV
FMV
FMV
FMV
F*V

FMY

. -

RETURN
END
SUBROUTINE FVOGE (X+Y.DSrDYl
I M P L I C I T REAL.8(4-H.O-Z1
DIMENSION
xt5!, Y(51
DATA H/o.SOIO/~TYO/~.OD+O/

FMV
FMV
FMV
FMV
FMV
FYV
FMV

.F Y.

FVO
FVO
FVD
FVD
FVU
FVD
FVO
FVO
FVO
FVD
FVO
FVD
FVD
FVD
FVD
FVD
FVD
FVD
FVD
FVD
FVD
FVD
FVU
FVD
FVO
FVD
FVD
FVD
FVO
FVD
FVD
FVO
FVO
FVD
FVD
FVO

51

55

1
2
3
5
6
7

8
9
I 0

11

12
13
I b
15
16
17
1

Z
3
1
5
6
7
8
9
10

I1
12
13

I*
15
16
I 7
18

19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30

31
32
33
31
35
36

37

FVO
FVU
FVD

. .-

C""

C
C

FVO
FVO
FVD
FVO
FVO
FVO
FVO
FVD
RETURN
FVO
END
FVO
SUBROUllME HEAT
HEA
DUMMY TO BE M O D I F I E D FOR S P E C I A L C1LCULATIONS OF HEAT TRANSFER
HEA
14-H.0-11
I M P L I C I T RE4L.R
HEA
COMMON /HTTR/ H A I R ~ T I I U ~ T U O ~ T Y T * ~ W A T T Q F U N ~ O F U N W I I P O D I J ~ ~ V ~ IHEA
W
OFuN!d=oFUN
HEA
RETIIRLI
..
HEA
END
SUBROUTINE NEO
..k"
NEO
SMOOTH MY L I N E A R SECOND D E R I V A T I V E
NFO
.

:::
~

38
39
40

.,

511

I M P L I C I T era< .rllb-H.O-7I

..--

COMMON /CONlR/ I T L E I ~ I ~ I E ~ L R ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ J O ~ J ~ ~ K ~ ~ I ~ B L ~ * I N G . * D ~ L V ~ N O C O N ~ N E O
~ ~ N ~ M C ~ * C P ~ I P . I O . I S E E J C C H ~ ~ P P M O O ' Y ' Y ~ P P ~ R P ~ ~ U ~ ~ N ~ NED
O L l A Z E Y O I O . O O . ~ / ~ O N E / ~ ~ D ~ O / ~ I.n
I.O,O ~.,cn
OATA JO/+H
UPI.JI/,HD~~N/
NEO

."

NED
NEO
NEO
NEO
NEO
NEO
NEO
NEO
NEO
NEO
NEU
NED
NEO
NEO
NEO
NEO
NEO
NEO
NEO
NEO
NEO
NED
NEO
NEO

C
C

..-"

I F 1JQ.EO.O.OR.IO.LT.OI
I F 1JO.tQ.O.OR.IO.LT.OI
I F lJP.G~.OI
GO TO 2
JNmJO

READ l5.14,EN0.131
NOUP.NPCT.NOO0
READ 1 5 ~ 1 b ~ E N 0 ~ 1 3 l N O U P ~ N P C T ~ N 0 0 0

iZ
I 3

16

15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
-~

26
25
26
27

28
29
30
31
32

33
34
35

PER
PER
PER
PER
THROAT CHARACTERISTIC VALUES
PER
5UHAX~lSE/SEOl~~lIEIII
PER
I F 10Y.EQ.ONEl
SUMIX'ONE
PER
LU=ZONK*lLR-11.1
PER
NL*N.LQ-1
PER
0 0 3 J*l*LO
PER
I F 10M.NC.ONEl
GO TO 1
PER
FC~I~JI=FC~~.~I~~E.XO
PER
FCIZ.Jl=FCl2.JI.SE
PER
FINALl1~JlIFCI1.J~
PER
FINIL~ZIJI~FCIZ~JI
PER
FINALl3~JI=FC13.JI
PER
FlNALl4rJI=FClb.Jl
PER
Fll44L15*J>=FClS.J>
PER
I F Il4Q.LT.O)
GO TO 3
PER
IJ.GT.I
GO r o 2
PER
WRITE 16.931
ITLE
PER
PER
PER
PER
AN~CONV.FINAL15,Jl
PER
XINCHISF.FINAL~~~JI+FR~P
PER
YINCH=SF*FINALlZ~JI
" R I T E 1 6 r 1 0 3 1 J I I F I N A L ~ K ~ J ~ ~ K = ~ ~ ~ I ~ X M U ~ P S I ~ A N ~ X I N C W ~ YPER
INCH
PER
I F IMOOIJ~10~.EO.01 WRITE 16.981
PER
SUlJl.FCI6.JIISUMAX
PER
I F 115E.EO.01
GO TO 8
PER
PER
NON-RADIAL
FLOY
VALUES
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
GO TO 1 0
PER
PER
F I N A L CHARACTERISTIC VALUES I F R A O I A L FLOY
NL INIMP-I
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
I N I T I A L CHPRACTERISTIC VPLUES I F R A D I A L FLOU
PER
EM=ETA/lM'II
PER
DO 9 K*l.Y

i~

NU

n
N

QF

NNUU

PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
SAmONE-SB
PER
GO TO 3.
PER
SB-ONE
PER
GO TO 34
PER
DN=TYO'OEL/BS
SC~ONE~DN/IFSl10~D5~RTlF5lK1**2~IFSlK~-FSIK-1ll*DRll
PER
PER
SB-ONE-SC
0 0 35 Jz1.5
PER
Y L L L I J ~ L ~ N E I ~ ~ I J ~ K T - ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ B ~ J J K T - ~ I * ~ B ~ ~ I JPER
J K
PER
IF lIPRNT.EO.11
WRITE 16.1071 ~ ~ A L L ~ J ~ L I N E ~ ~ J = ~ ~ c I
8 .=.=<*
PER
PER
I F IN-LINE) 12lb1.36
PER
LINE-LINE61
0 0 37 K.1.5
PER
0 0 37 L=1,1so
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
CALL OFELO lRII.KI~~ll~Kl~Bll~I+11.NOCON)
PER
I F INOCON.NE.01
GO TO 8 3
PER
CONTINUE
PER
GO TO 20
PER
IF IIP.NE.01
GO TO 42
PER
I F lLR.EO.O.OR.IT.NE.0)
GO TO 1 9
I F ILINE.EO.NL-11
0 0 TO 1 8
PER
NII.YN.I
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER

-"

--"

192
193
194
195
196
191
198
199
200
201
202
203
201
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
~220
~ * ~ C
221
222
223
221
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
231
235
236
237
238
239
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217

~~NlL1~W~OIO5QUTlG7-G8~UUO~~2l
WILTLNIII'ZRO
I F 1NF.GE.OI
GO TO 54
5 H 0 0 7 I l UPSTRFII. CONTOUR I F OESIREU
CALL NEO
DO 5 3 J'IvNUT
Ir\LTANlJI'DTANlIANlJ~ICONVl
CALL SCONO I Y ~ X I U A L T ~ N I S E C O ~ N U T I
SECOlll~S00
SECOINUTI'ZRO

R A D I A L FLOW SECTION COOROIN1TES

SNE=OSINIETAl
TNEsOTANlETIl
OMsllMACII-GMICH)/MP
DO 55 L'1.YP
LL.NU1.L
IMNILLI=GU&CH1L'OU
RLil~G5~*MNILLl~~2~G6l~~GA/UWNlLLll~*OT
WAX I L L ) 'YLWSE
IAYILLI'RL'SNE
IANILLI'ETID
Y4LTAN 1 L L ) l I N E
SECOILLI=ZRO
I F IHQ.LT.01
GO TO 6 0
I F 1JC.LE.O)
GO TO 5 8
WRITE 16.1051 I T L E
W R ~ T
l b .~9 9 1 L S T DO 5 7 K=I.LP.NI
l=lK-ll/NKrl
XINCH=SF.CH4~11.KlrFRIP
YINCH=SF'C*ARl2.Kl
Y e I T E 16.103,
K.ICHIRIJ,K>.JI~.~~.XINCHHYINCH
I F IMODII.lOl.EO.0)
* R I T E 16.981
I F IISE.EO.01
YWlTE 16.911 I T L E
I F IISE.EO.11
Y R I T E 16.1021 I T L E
WRITE 16,811 RC,ETLO.LN&CM.~M~CW.CMACH~FHACH.MCCAM
I F 1NOCUN.NE.Ol
GO TO 5 9
Y R I T E 1 6 ~ 1 0 0 1I Y L
WHITE l b . 8 5 1
l I ( r Y 4 X l K l ~ I I ~ I I I ( l ~ ~ H N l ~ ~ ~ I A N l K ~ ~ .SECOIK,.Krl.PER
~ A L T A N l K l
IN,,.,

NO~ON-o
COMPIRISON OF CONTOUR * I T H PARABOLA AND HYPEUBOLl
DO 6 2 J'IsNUT
XS=I~lXlJ~-X0l/Y0
XS2=X5.'2
1531XS'.3

PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
PEY
PER
PE*
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
PEW
PER
PEW
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
PEU
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER

- .....

PS.ONE.HALF*XS~.RRC
OHP=ONE*IS2.RRC
HS.OSORT(0HPl
I F lJ.GT.11
GO TO 6 1
IF Iua.LT.0)
GO 10 6 2
WRITE (6.88)
J.XS,YS.VE.PS.HS
en 7 - >.,

62
63

66
$5

CI=iPS-IEl/XS3
I F (J.EO.2)
IC~I~~O+~~(UAB~~CY~-OABS~CI~~
I F iMO.LT.01
GO TO 6 3
CYP=iRRC-IPX)/XS/lHR
WRITE 16.881 J.XS.YS.VE.PS.WSICY.CI~CYP
I F iMODlJ~IOl.EO.OI
WRITE (6.981
WRITE (6.971
ICY
GO TO 1 0
I F (1O.GT.O)
JO*l
RETURN
LINESNL
0 0 6 5 J.I.5
WALL~J~NLI~FINAL~JINPI

66

SMOOTH DOWNSTREAM CONTOUR I F OESIREO

I F INF.LT+OI CALL NEO
DO 6 6 J=I,NL
WOXIJI.IALLII.JI
YTANiJl'OTINiIALLiS~JII
CALL SCONO iWOX~WTAN.SCOF.NL)
SCOFCI>*ZRO
.~
.SCDFiNLl.ZR0
I F IJC.GE.01
GO TO 68
WRITE ( b r l O 4 1 I T L E
WRITE (6.99)
IFR
0 0 6 7 K=I.LP.NK

61
68

... -.. - . .

XINCHISF.CHAR(~.KI~FR~P
YINCH~SF.CHARi2.K)
WRIlE (6.1031 U.lCHARIJ,Kl.J.l.bl.XINCH.VlNCH
I F l M O O i I ~ 1 0 l ~ E O ~WRITE
01
16.98)
I F (1Q.LT.Ol
KO-1

I F IWO.LT.01
0 0 TO 7 1
WRITE (6.941 l T L E
WRITE 16.811 RCIETAO,AMLCII.BMACH~(CMACH~EMACHHMCCAII
WRITE l6.100)
IWL

PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
PE8
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER

360
361
362
363
361
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
317
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
601
+OZ
403
LO4
605
406
407
408
$09
410
b l l
412
413
414
415

ZO

^ON

mb-w
3
J
COC
woo

>a

a0

< -

wm
3L
A 0

V)

C"
a w
x

- - =--2

-8

w
0 .O
C C
'0:
a x *CW
J-0.
W .Q
01-C
.wL C .m*
0 x 7 - w
WJC*--,0-2

Z.OmYY=
r ' 8 W L l - l

.. ..

-.

I F IIQ.Gl.Ol
IF 1Ia.LE.oI
WRITE 16.8bI
u-.*c

WRITE 1 6 r 9 I l I T L E
WRITE 16.951 ITLE.XWINIXCIH.SF
RC~ETAD~AM~CHIW~&CH~CWA~H.EUACHH~CCAM

,
.
a
.

........

I F lKBL.GT.KLTl

RETURN
YRITE 16.86)
RETURN

RETURN

IP,NN,LINE.J

.
PER
PEH
PER
PER
I SOPEW
PER
PER
PER
PER
PER
PE*
~IIPER
PER
PER
PER
PER
PEN
PE*
PER

CALL OREZ lE.5.2001

CALL OREZ lA,9.3001
Dxlll*zERO
DYlIl=ZERO
NiL-1
00 1 KS2.L
DXlKl~XlKl-XIK-11
DYlKl=YlKl-YIK-11

~I~.K~-P.PEI3.KII-TH+?.(PI.OXI
EI4.Kl*TMR.lPXI+OXXl.RSS
El5.Kl=-PXXX-OXXX-RSXK-SOXJ

5
6

CONTINUE
DO 6 K.2.L
ElltKlrXlKl
CONTINUE
Ell~II~XI11

SPL
SPL
SPL
SPL
SPL
SPL
SPL
SPL
SPL
SPL
SPL
SPL
SPL
SPL
SPL
SPL
SPL
SPL
SPL
SPL
SPL
SPL
SPL
SPL
SPL
SPL
SPL
SPL
SPL
SPL
SPL
SPL
SPL
SPL
SPL
SPL
SPL
SPL
SPL
SPL
SPL
SPL
SPL
SPL
SPL
SPL
SPL
SPL
SPL
SPL
SPL
SPL
SPL
SPL
SPL
SPL

9
10
11
12
13
16
15
16
I7
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
bO
41
42
$3
44

45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64

NE=L
SPL
65
RETURN
66
SPL
END
SPL
67
FUNCTION TORIC ( I I P . S E l
1
TOR
TO ORTAIN THPOLT RADIUS OF CURVATURE FROM VELOCITY GR4OIENT
TOR
2
I U P L I C I T REIL'8lA-H.0-Zl
TOR
3
COMMON / F G I G C I G O ~ G E ~ G F . ~ ~ H ~ G I ~ ~ A ~ H ~ B H C C W E
Ton
6
COMMON /GG/ GAM.GM~GI.GL.G~.G+~G~.G~~GI.G~.G~PG&IRGA.OT
TOR
5
DATA O N E / I ~ O ~ O I ~ T H P / ~ . O ~ O / ~ F I V I ~ . O D O I
TOR
6
IEIONE/PT-ONE
?
TOR
F Y = Y I P ~ S E ~ ~ S Q R T ~ ~ T ~ ~ G A I I ~ ~ N E ~ ~
TOR
8
T R R ~ F I ~ i O N E ~ l G C ~ ~ T H R ~ G C ~ ~ 2 - G O ~ ~ F Y ~ * 2 ~ ~ F Y ~ ~ ~ lTOR
9
T*ZxTRR'.L
TOR
LO
T U = i O N E - G ? ~ i O N E + l G E + G F ~ T R 2 I ~ T R 2 l ~ T R 2 ~ ~ 2 ~ I ~ 5 ~ O ~ O ~ 3 ~ ITOR
E l l ~ I~1O T
FF~FY/TU-TRR~(ONE-TR2~~GC-GO~TY2~~
TOR
12
FP=ONE-TR2.(THR.GC-FIV.GO+TRZl
TOR
13
I.T l.n
.rlY
..P. I F. .F I F. D
.
TOR
1.
I F IOA8SiFFI.GT.l.O-111
GO TO 1
TOR
15
TOR1C=ONE/TRR.'Z
TOR
16
RETURN
17
TOR
END
TOR
18
~~XNI
SUBROUTINE TRANS ~ R T O ~ T U ~ ~ O ~ A M N ~ ~ ~ P ~ ~ W P P ~ Y Y A I P P A I P P ~ C T~ROl P P P 1
TO DETERMINE THROAT CWIRACTLRISTIC
TR4
2
I M P L I C I T RE4L.814-H.O-ZI
TR4
3
COMMON /GG/ G ~ M ~ G M ~ G ~ ~ G ~ ~ G ~ ~ G ~ ~ G ~ ~ G ~ ( ~ G ? I G ~TR4
~ G ~ P4 G ~ I R G ~ ~ O T
COMMON /CONTR/ ITLEi31.1E.LR
TRA
5
COMMON / l R O A T / F C l 6 . 5 L I
A
6
OAT4 Z R O / O ~ O O ~ O / ~ O N E / ~ ~ ~ ~ O / I T U O / Z Z O D O / I S I X / ~ ~ O D O / I H ~
L F ~ ~ .I O ~ ~ ~
TR4
0474 T R H V / I ~ ~ D ~ O / ~ T H R / ~ ~ O ~ O / ~ F O U R / I . O O O / ~ E I T I ~ B D ~ O / I T L V
l R/ 4~ . ~ O8+ ~ /
NN=IA8SiLRI
TR4
9
JJ=24O/ I N N - I 1
TRA
10
I F iMODIJJ.21.NE.01
JJ'JJ.1
10.
11
I F (JJ.LT.101
JJ'IO
TR4
12
KKSJJaNN-JJ
?RA
13
TR4
14
TRA
15
4
16
1R4
I 7
TRA
18
19
TRA
TRA
20
TRI
21
TR4
22
TR4
23
TR4
21
TRA
25
A
26
TR4
27
IRA
28
TRA
29
TRA
30
TRA
31
TR4
32
TR4
33
TR4
3I
TR.
35

m
0
C

. -.

,,
0

.- *,.- =

<
w

-:

<

mm
mm

""
--

k
0

5
O
\ C

m
0

=
3

m
\

YY5
r r r

-\.a

22:

+anon0
=a=
<or

,>

a
x

. .>\ ..,
.

Z<&
m .-* n
oa
* a n >
.OD"
^I>.

W < " Z

c3x
N..-aamr
tx2a.a.c

:t22:!%:::

N.
I O C I * * >
wLO=I"\aC

.LIaa.Z\Y
yg;,;zz;=

a
0

*
0

"4.
5

A
C

7
z
--

.--

7
- N I
\ - T - A Z - - ~ -z41
Z--Y-X...
. X + * < O
N Z I
?
TLO
3
Z""Z-C%OXa<a"-.
w4.7
>-,X>YLLCYI
. Y b O .*&.-(L+nw.C
2
> - - 7 . * I . " " W - O * * - L ~ C U I % ~ = * a i *
o o * r
mmo\--^--^3*^^^-011,,
" O J I r n I .
8 -7Y * 0 7 ~ x x x l x z - , - , 7 7 0 1 . m ~ ~ 1 a . 1 a0
0

.
z

-"
-

0"

* m".

:&

m
.
*m
,m
>Y

z.

LN

YJm
Y
a m -m
.\mz.x
mmm--3
D 4 1 mmm
, -O
o r* .\ * O "
> *m, O
m I '+1 1 I*X - Omm
m

"7

*.
.
.\
-. "
.. -.

A.<
w*.z
"7w.
Y I
I.^ A C
Y Y 3
a w
-C
I Z X
I.
*.-20,.
0m--z-,
k-me.2"2
-ma--Z 3
* a+- >mgm~z q ~ d
Y
~ 5~ -o ,
A - I <
~
o < - oT Z +L O l X
x

~ ~ # # # - " l ~ " . a - > , , ~ > ~ - - " " " " " x , ~ 2 2 5 ~ - ~ ~ : ; ; ~ b ~ ~ ; ~ : ; 2 2 ~ ; : ~ : ~

m L L - k - * " - - ~ L O m " ~ m b Y ~ m Y x > C Y ~ - Y Y L L Y L L " o L Y ~ ~ * < ~ " - a - ~ ~ - A ~ , o >

I-* ~ N I Z Y
.a
u n ~ ~ u u c r < u n ~ z> - -- - - - - z
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111
112
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115
116
117
116
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U A

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CUOUOINATES AN0 OLYIVATIVES+ LENGTH

111N1

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133.695bb56
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NOMENCLATURE
A

Area

*c

E x i t a r e a , i n v i s c i d contour

A*

Sonic a r e a

a*

Sonic speed
F a c t o r i n l o g a r i t h m i c s k i n f r i c t i o n law,
Eq. (77)

1,2,3,4,5,6

C~

C o e f f i c i e n t s , Eq. (35)
R a t i o of a c t u a l mass flow t o t h a t i f R were
infinite
Skin f r i c t i o n c o e f f i c i e n t , compressible
Skin f r i c t i o n c o e f f i c i e n t , incompressible

C~
D

1,2,3,4,5,6

Fc
Fn

Specific heat a t constant pressure

C o e f f i c i e n t s , Eq. (37)
R a t i o , Cf /Cf
i
M u l t i p l y i n g f a c t o r s , Eq. (97)
R a t i o , Re /Ro
i
c
' ~ u l t i ~ l f~a ci tno r~s , Eqs. (94) and (96)

Ratio, 6*/8
Heat-transfer coefficient

Streamline curvature
Natural logarithm (base e)
Common logarithm (Base 10)
Mach number
Exponent in Eq. (90)
Velocity profile exponent
Distance normal to streamline
Factors in axisymmetric characteristics
equations
Coefficient of 8 at nth point on contour
Prandtl number

Factor related to heat transfer, Eq. (91)

Coefficient in momentum equation
Velocity along streamline or, in boundarylayer equations, velocity within boundary
layer
Velocity at edge of boundary layer

140

Ratio of throat radius of curvature to

throat radius (half height, o = 0)
2

Gas constant, ft /sec R

Reynolds number based on 6, compressible
Incompressible Reynolds number
Reynolds number based on 8

c'

compressible

Incompressible Reynolds number

Distance from source
Distance from source where M = 1, used to
non-dimensionalize distances for inviscid
calculations
Radius of viscid contour

Cubic integration increments, Appendix B

Temperature within boundary layer
Adiabatic wall temperature
Reference temperature, Eq. (87)
Free-stream temperature at edge of
inviscid contour

AEDC-TR-78-63

Wall temperature at nozzle exit

D

Wall temperature

Wall temperature at nozzle throat

T
Axial component of velocity, normalized
by a*
Normal component of velocity, normalized by
a*
Velocity along streamline, normalized by a*
Ratio in Eq. (36) or (38)
Axial distance, normalized by yo in transonic
equations, normalized by r, in inviscid
calculations, not normalized in boundarylayer calculations
Normal distance, normalized same as x
Throat half height, used to normalize

x and y in transonic calculations

Theoretical throat height if R is infinite
Function of x in transonic equations, or
distance normal to contour in boundary-layer
calculations

Mean angle of right-running characteristic,

or factor in temperature distribution in
boundary layer
Mean angle of left-running characteristic
Prefix to indicate increment in value
.:,:.
. , <,;. ..7.. , ,, :,
:,.

Specific heat ratio

Boundary-layer thickness
Displacement thickness in boundary layer
Displacement thickness when boundary layer
is large relative to rw
Incompressible displacement thickness in boundary
layer
Distance along left-running characteristic
Inflection angle, radians
Momentum thickness in boundary layer
Momentum thickness when boundary layer
is large relative to rw
Compressible 8 fo? flat plate
Incompressible value of 0
Kinematic momentum thickness

Value of 0 at nth point on contour

Constant in logarithmic skin-friction law

- 1 (1 /M)

Mach (angle, sin

Viscosity at value of T

Viscosity at value of T
e
Viscosity at value of T

Distance along right-running characteristic

Wake variable in logarithmic skin-friction law
Density within boundary layer
Density at edge of boundary layer
Zero for planar flow, 1 for axisymmetric flow
Flow angle
Flow angle of viscid contour
Prandtl-Meyer angle

SUBSCRIPTS
1

Values at point 1 on right-running

characteristic
Values at point 2 on left-running
characteristic
Values at intersection of characteristics
Variables evaluated at points on Figs.
1 through 4

With u and v, values corresponding to first-,

second-, and third-order approximations,
respectively
OTHER NOTATION

OUTPUT NOMENCLATURE

BETA

Pressure gradient parameter

Coefficient of third-degree term if throat

contour is a cubic
Coefficient of third-degree term if integrated
throat contour is a cubic

C o e f f i c i e n t of t h i r d - d e g r e e term determined
from s l o p e of contour

Second d e r i v a t i v e of boundary-layer c o r r e c t i o n
evaluated a t t h e t h r o a t

Second d e r i v a t i v e of c o r r e c t e d contour
evaluated a t t h e t h r o a t

DA/DX

Slope of boundary-layer

DELR(IN)

Boundary-layer c o r r e c t i o n t o i n v i s c i d contour

DELTA*

6:

DELTA*

from E q .

(66)

6* from Eq.

(63)

correction

FMY

Bracketed term i n Eq.

HYP/YO

Value of hyperbola w i t h same t h r o a t c u r v a t u r e

(61)

ratio

ICY

l o 6 [C(YI)

c(Y)] f o r P o i n t 2

INT.Y/YO

Value of Y/YO o b t a i n e d by i n t e g r a t i n g contour

1 $

slopes s t a r t i n g a t inflection point

KCF
KCFI

KCFS

KCF s e c $w

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,'

MASS

R e s u l t of mass i n t e g r a t i o n along c h a r a c t e r i s t i c
EG o r AB (measure of accuracy of numerical

integration)
Value of p a r a b o l a w i t h same t h r o a t c u r v a t u r e
ratio
R a t i o of s t a t i c t o s t a g n a t i o n p r e s s u r e
O r d i n a t e of v i s c i d contour

RMASS
Incompressible Reynolds number based on

RTHI

momentum t h i c k n e s s
Second d e r i v a t i v e of Mach number i n s o u r c e

SMPP

flow e v a l u a t e d f o r BMACH

SMPPP
*

THETA

-1

Third d e r i v a t i v e of Mach number i n s o u r c e flow

e v a l u a t e d f o r BMACH

8 from Eq. (62) used i n Eq.

(61)

WE

V e l o c i t y r a t i o a t P o i n t E (Fig. 3)

WI

V e l o c i t y r a t i o a t P o i n t I (Fig. 3)

WO

V e l o c i t y r a t i o on a x i s a t t h r o a t

WOPPP

Third d e r i v a t i v e of t h r o a t v e l o c i t y d i s t r i b u t i o n
t

AEDC-TR-78-63

WRPPP

Third d e r i v a t i v e of v e l o c i t y r a t i o i n s o u r c e
flow e v a l u a t e d a t WE
v e l o c i t y r a t i o on w a l l a t t h r o a t