MODULE 5

DOCUMENTS GOVERNING WELDING INSPECTION AND QUALIFICATION:

Some of the documents the welding inspector may use include drawings, codes,
standards and specification. Many of these documents include acceptance
criteria. Contract documents or purchase order may also convey information
such as which the above documents will be used for that job.
In the case where more than one of the above is specified, they are intended to
be used in conjunction with each other.
Job specifications may include supplemental requirements altering portions of
the governing code or standard.
Information that can be obtained from these documents includes:
1. Part size and geometry
2. Base and filler metals to be used
3. Requirements for hold points
4. Processing details
5. Processes to be used
6. Specification for non destructive inspection
7. Extent of inspection
8. Acceptance and rejection criteria
9. Qualification requirement for personnel
10.Procedure and welder qualification
11.Material control requirements.
DRAWINGS:
Drawing describes the structure in graphic details. Drawing dimensions,
tolerances, notes, weld and welding details and accompanying documents
should be reviewed by the welding inspector. Drawing to understand the part
size and configuration, also how the component is assembled. And assist in
identification of problems that may arise during fabrication.
Dimensions provided on a blueprint serve two functions:
1. Provide the sizes needed to fabricate the parts
2. To indicate the locations where the individual components should be
placed.
Drawings also show tolerances. Tolerance may be expressed in three ways:
1. As a variation between limits
2. As the design size followed by the tolerance
3. When only one value is given, the other value is assumed zero
Notes can be classified as general, local or specifications.
General notes apply to entire drawing and are generally place above or to the
left of the title block in horizontal positions.

These types of notes are not referenced in the list of materials and are not from
specific areas of the drawings. If there are exceptions to these general notes;
phrases such as except as shown, except as noted, unless otherwise
specified.
Local notes or specific notes apply only to certain features or areas and are
located near and directed to the feature by a leader (bold arrow with referenced
line). Local notes may also be referenced from the field of the drawing or the list
of materials by the note number enclosed in an equilateral triangle (commonly
referred to as the flag).
Specifications presented as local notes will denote materials required, the
welding process to be used, type and size of electrode, and the kind and size of
weld rod.
Some of the applicable document might also dictate hold point during the
fabrication process. Hold points are specific, prearranged steps in the fabrication
process to permit interim inspections.
The inspector must be present to make inspection or perform some specific
operation during these steps. Only after the completed work has been inspected
and approval can the fabrications continue. The inspector may be required to
choose when those hold points occur or they may be outlined in the
specification.
Before welding the inspector should review the welding procedures to ensure
that all combinations of material, thickness, process and positions are
adequately covered. The non-destructive examination should also be included in
the job specification. Additional information such as method of NDE to be used,
test procedure, location and extent of testing and applicable acceptance/
rejection criteria is also included in the job specification.
CODES:
A code is a body of laws, as of a nation, city etc, arranged systematically for easy
reference. A code consist of laws having legal status, it will always be considered
mandatory. Therefore we will see text containing words like, shall and will.
AWS D1.1- Structural Welding Code- steel
AWS D1.2- Structural Welding Code- aluminium
AWS D1.3- Structural Welding Code- sheet steel
AWS D1.4- Structural Welding Code- reinforcing steel
AWS D1.5- Bridge welding code
AWS D9.1- sheet metal welding code

STANDARDS
Something established for use as a rule or basis of comparison in measuring or
judging capacity, quantity, content, extent, value, quality etc.
The term standard applies to numerous documents including codes and
specification. Other documents considered as standard are procedures,
recommended practices, group of graphic symbols, classification and definition
of terms.
Some standards are considered to be mandatory.
Mandatory standards: Will and Shall are used because their requirements are
not subject of choice. Codes are example of mandatory standards because they
have legal status.
Non-mandatory standards: example of non mandatory standards is
recommended practice. They use words like should and could. Non
mandatory standards can provide basis for mandatory document development.
SPECIFICATION:
A detailed description of part of a whole, a statement of enumeration of
particulars, as to actual or required size, quality, performance, terms, etc.
Specification gives detailed description. It list required attributes of some items
and operations.
Specifications may be used within the confines of a particular company or may
be sent to suppliers to detail what exactly what the company wants to purchase.
AWS has documented a number of specifications that describe requirements for
welding filler materials and specialized type of fabrication.
A5.XX series of specification AWS A5.1 through A5.34 covers the requirements of
various types of welding consumables and electrodes.
D14.1 through D14.6- fabrication requirements for individual types of apparatus.