OVERCURRENT PROTECTION

CALCULATIONS & SETTINGS

Juan Manuel Gers, PhD

September, 2012

Single Line
BUSBAR 7

34.5 kV
BUSBAR 6

0.453 kA

182.87 MVA
3.060 kA

0.000 kA

34.5 kV

BUSBAR 3

ZL1=1.086 pu

34.5 kV

0.000 kA

7
L2

L3

0.453 kA

BUSBAR 4

2.170 kA 0.651 kA

250/5

115/34.5 kV
15 MVA
Z%=10 TR1
Yy0

115kV

34.5 kV
5

34.5/13.2 kV
3 MVA
TR2
Z%=7.3
Dy1

4
BUSBAR 1

1
1 MVA

13.2 kV

2
1 MVA

1 MVA

L4

34.5 kV

1 MVA

BUSBAR 2

BUSBAR 5

Data
Calculate the following:

1. The three phase short circuit levels on busbars 1 and 2

2. The transformation ratios of the CTs associated with breakers 1 to 8,
given that the number of primary turns is a multiple of 100
The CT for breaker number 9 is 250/5

3. The settings of the instantaneous elements, and the TAP and DIAL
settings of the relays to guarantee a coordinated protection
arrangement, allowing a discrimination margin of 0.4 seconds

4. The percentage of the 34.5 kV line protected by the instantaneous

element of the overcurrent relay associated with breaker 6
The p.u. impedances are calculated on the following bases:
V = 34.5 kV,

P = 100 MVA

Data

Relay 7 is the same W CO 11. The settings of relay 7

are:

TAP = 4 A

DIAL = 5

Instantaneous = 1100 A

All the relays to be set are Beckwith

M-7651,
numerical type, with the characteristics indicated in the
following slide:

Data

Characteristics of relay M-7651

The PICK UP or TAP
settings are available in
Steps of 0.001

The TIME DIAL

settings are available in
Steps of 0.01

Settings with a numerical relay

Settings with a numerical relay

Now, consider all the relays to be set are Beckwith M-7651, numerical
type with the characteristics indicated in the following slide. The relays
have an extremely inverse time current characteristic with the following
constants:

= 2.0,
= 80
L=0

Time Dial * 80
The TCC is defined by t MULT 2 1
Where MULT = Fault current (in secondary amps)/TAP
The following considerations have to be taken into account:
For setting of the instantaneous element a value of ten (10) times the
maximum load current is used.
The margin time for this relay can be 0.2 s since it is of numerical type.
Relay 7 is the same W CO 11 with TAP = 4 A, DIAL = 5 and Inst =
1100 A

Short circuit printout

Short circuit printout

Calculation parameters:
System frequency in Hz
Number of elements
Number of nodes
Calculation method
Kind of fault
Ik"max calculation
Interrupting times in cycles for Ib
Short circuit duration for iDC in cycles
Node voltages from loadflow (superposition method)

60.0
9
7
ANSI/IEEE
3 phase SC
Yes
3.000
0.020
No

Short circuit printout

Fault location
Distance
from
fault
From Node To Node
0
BUSBAR6
Faulted
BUSBAR6
BUSBAR2
BUSBAR6
BUSBAR3
BUSBAR6
BUSBAR5
BUSBAR6
BUSBAR4
BUSBAR6
BUSBAR7
1
BUSBAR2
BUSBAR2
BUSBAR6
BUSBAR2
BUSBAR1
1
BUSBAR3
BUSBAR3
BUSBAR6
1
BUSBAR5
BUSBAR5
BUSBAR6
BUSBAR5
BUSBAR4
BUSBAR4

BUSBAR5

BUSBAR4
BUSBAR7
BUSBAR7
BUSBAR7
BUSBAR1
BUSBAR1

BUSBAR4

Element
name

Type

L1
L2
L4
L3
TR1

Line
Line
Line
Line
2W Transformer

L1
TR2

Line
2W Transformer

L2
L4
G8

34,5

19,919

180

G15

34,5

19,919

180

34,5

8,281

179,94

0
0,453
0,453
179,94
0,453
0,453
8,988

180

2W Transformer
Network Feeder

0,651
0,651

13,2
TR2

8,281

Line
Synchronous
Machine
115

TR1
EQUIVALENT

2W Transformer

Ik" (RST)
[kA]
3,06
0
0
0,453
0,453
2,17
0
0

Line
Synchronous
Machine

BUSBAR2

AU L-E
(RST) []
180

34,5
L3

BUSBAR6
BUSBAR7

34,5

UL-E (RST)
[kV]
19,919

Un [kV]

Line

1
BUSBAR6

Short circuit printout

7,621

180
0

Tap setting

Iload1,2,3 = 43.74 A

Pickup1,2,3 = (1.5)(43.74)(5/100) = 3.28 A Pickup1,2,3 = 3.28 A

Iload4 = 131,22 A

Pickup4 = (1.5)(131.22)(5/200) = 4.92 A Pickup4 = 4.92 A

Iload5 = 50.20 A

Pickup5 = (1.5)(50.20)(5/100) = 3.76 A Pickup5 = 3.76 A

Iload6 = 50.20 A

Pickup6 = (1.5)(50.20)(5/200) = 1.88 A Pickup6 = 1.88 A

Iload8 = 251.02 A

Pickup8 = (1.5)(251.02)(5/300) = 6.28 A Pickup8 = 6.28 A

Iload9 = 75.31 A

Pickup9 = (1.5)(75.31)(5/250) = 2.26 A Pickup9 = 2.26 A

Summary of currents and CT ratios

Breaker
No.

Pnom
(MVA)

Inom
(A)

Isc
(A)

9
8
7
6
5
4
1,2,3

15
15
1
3
3
3
1

75.31
251.02
16.73
50.20
50.20
131.22
43.74

4797.35
2170.40
3060.34
3060.34
1025.67
1076.06
1076.06

5/100
Isc
(A)

CT
Ratio

233.12
108.51
153.01
153.01
51.28
53.80
53.80

250/5
300/5
200/5
200/5
100/5
200/5
100/5

Settings with a numerical relay

Relays 1, 2 and 3
Iinst. trip = 10 Inom (1/CTR)
= 10 43.74 (5/100) = 21.87 A
Iprim. trip = 21.87(100/5) = 437.4 A.
MULT = 21.87/3.28 = 6.668 times
with Time Dial = 0.05,
t

0.05 80
0.092s
6.6682 1

Relay 4
To coordinate with relays 1, 2 and 3 at 437.4 A ,
relay 4 requires that t4a = 0.092 0.2 = 0.292 s.

Settings with a numerical relay

MULT4a = (437.4)(5/200)(1/4.92) = 2.223 times.
At 2.223 times, and t4a = 0.292 s,

0.292
2
Time Dial
2.223 1 0.01
80

However, the dial 0.05 is the minimum that the relay has.
The operating time for a line-to-line fault is determined by taking
86% of the three-phase fault current.
MULT4b = (0.86)(1076.06)(5/200)(1/4.92) = 4.702 times.
t 4b

0.05 80
0.190s
2
4.627 1

This relay has no setting for the instantaneous

Settings with a numerical relay

Relay 5
The back-up to relay 4 is obtained by considering the operating
time for a three phase fault of t5a = 0.190 0.2 = 0.390 s.
MULT5a = 1076.06 (13.2/34.5) (5/100) (1/3.76) = 5.475 times. At
5.475 times and top = 0.390 sec.,

0.390
2
Time Dial
5.475 1 0.14
80

Iinst. trip = 1.25 (1076.06) (13.2/34.5) (5/100)=25.73

Iprim. trip = 25.73(100/5) = 514.6 A.
MULTb = 25.73/3.76 = 6.843 times, with Time Dial = 0.14,
t5b

0.14 80
0.244s
2
6.843 1

Settings with a numerical relay

Relay 6
At 514.6 A this relay has to operate in t6a = 0.244 + 0.2 = 0.444 sec.
MULTa = 514.6 (5/200) (1/1.88) = 6.843 times. At 6.843 times and top =
0.444 sec.,

0.444
2
Time Dial
6.843 1 0.25
80

Instantaneous setting = 1.25 (1025.67) (5/200) = 32.05A.

Iprim trip = 32.05 x 200/5 = 1282.09 A

Settings with a numerical relay

Relay 8
Relay 8 backs up relays 6 and 7, and should be co-ordinated with the
slowest of these two relays. Relay 7 has an instantaneous setting of 1100
A, which is smaller than the setting of relay 6, and so the operating time of
both relays is determined by this value.
For relay 7: MULT = 1100 5/200 1/4 = 6.87 times. At 6.87 times and Time Dial
5, top = 0.71 sec.
For relay 6: MULT = 1100 (5/200) (1/1.88) = 14.628 times.
At 14.628 times and Time Dial 0.25,
t

0.25 80
0.094s
2
14.628 1

Therefore the operating time to give correct discrimination with relay 7 is

t8a = 0.71 + 0.2 = 0.91 sec.

Settings with a numerical relay

Relay 8
The contributions from substations G and M are not considered to back up
relay 8. Only the currents through the transformer have to be taken into
account. Therefore,
MULTa = 1100 (2170.39/3060.34) (5/300) (1/6.28) = 2.07 times.
At 2.07 times and top = 0.91 sec.,

0.91
2
Time Dial
2.07 1 0.04
80

However, the Time Dial 0.05 is the minimum that the relay has. No
instantaneous setting is given to relay 8 for the reasons already given. The
maximum short circuit current to be used for this relay is that which flows
from the 115 kV to the 34.5 kV busbar for a fault on the latter,
MULTb = 2170.39 (5/300) (1/6.28) = 5.76 times. At 5.76 times and Time Dial 0.05,
t

0.05 80
0.124s
2
5.76 1

Settings with a numerical relay

Relay 9
This relay backs up relay number 8 in a time of t9a = 0.124 + 0.2 = 0.324 sec
MULTa = 2170.39 (34.5/115) (5/250) (1/2.26) = 5.762 times. At 5.762 times and
top = 0.324 s,

0.324
2
Time Dial
5.762 1 0.13
80

Instantaneous setting = 1.25 (2170.39) (34.5/115) (5/250) = 16.27 A

Iprim trip = 16.27 (250/5) = 813.5 A referred to 115 kV

Summary of numerical relay settings

Relay
No.

CT ratio

Tap

DIAL

Instantaneous

1,2,3
4
5
6
7
8
9

100/5
200/5
100/5
200/5
200/5
300/5
250/5

3.28
4.92
3.76
1.88
4
6.28
2.26

0.05
0.05
0.14
0.25
5
0.05
0.13

21.87 A

25.73 A
32.05 A
27.5 A

16.27 A

Coordination Curves with NR

1000 s
R-1
R-2

T-2

T-1

R-3

100 s

R-7

10,0 s
R-4

R-8
R-5
R-9

1,0 s

R-6

L-1

0,100 s

0,010 s
13,2 kV:0,010 kA
35 kV:

0,010 kA

0,100 kA
0,100 kA

1,0 kA

10,0 kA
1,0 kA

10,0 kA

100 kA
100 kA

1000 kA

Coverage of the instantaneous unit

Percentage of 34.5 kV line protected by the instantaneous element of the
overcurrent relay associated with breaker 6.
Given that:

% = (Ks(1-Ki)+1)/Ki

where Ki = Isc pickup/Isc end = 1282.09/1025.67 = 1.25

and

Ks = Zsource/Zelement

From the computer listing:

Zf = V2/P = 34.52/182.87 = 6.5 and,

Ks = 6.50/12.92 = 0.50
Therefore, % = (0.50 x (1-1.25)+1)/1.25 = 0.70
This indicates that the instantaneous element covers 70% of the line.

Questions ?
jmgers@gersusa.com
Tel: 954-384 8925