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Department of Mathematics, The Madura College (Autonomous), Maduri, Tamil Nadu, India
2
1
ananthu9777@rediffmail.com; 2 bsc.jeya@yahoo.com
Abstract
In this research paper the analytical expression for the
concentrations of the reaction-diffusion equations in steady
state Brusselator model is discussed. The approximate
analytical solution of the steady state non-linear boundary
value problem is derived by using the Homotopy
perturbation method. The Homotopy-perturbation method
has the advantage of being more concise for analytical and
numerical functions. This method can be easily extended to
find the solution of the other strongly non-linear initial and
boundary value problems in engineering and chemical
sciences.
Keywords
Two-point Boundary Value Problem; Non-linear ReactionDiffusion Equation; Steady State Brusselator Model; Homotopy
Perturbation Method
Introduction
Systems of ordinary differential equations (ODEs)
arise in mathematical models throughout science and
engineering. When an explicit condition (or
conditions) that a solution must satisfy is specified at
one value of the independent variable, usually its
lower bound, this is referred to as an initial value
problem (IVP). When the conditions to be satisfied
occur at more than one value of the independent
variable, this is referred to as a boundary value
problem (BVP). If there are two values of the
independent variable at which conditions are
specified, then this is a two-point boundary value
problem (TPBVP). TPBVPs occur in a wide variety of
problems, including the modeling of chemical
reactions, heat transfer, and diffusion. They are also of
interest in optimal control problems. For a typical
TPBVP, when expressed as system of first-order ODEs,
there are one or more unknown initial states. Solving
the TPBVP is equivalent to finding these initial states.
In other cases, the initial states are known, but there
are unknown model parameters, and solving the
TPBVP requires finding values for these parameters.
A X
2 X Y 3 X
B X Y D
X E
The system is open, allowing the concentrations of the
reactants
and
to be kept at a constant level
throughout the reaction/diffusion medium. In the
event of all forward rate constants set to one and all
reverse rate constants set to zero, the steady-state
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DX
2 X
( B 1) X A X 2Y
z 2
(1)
2Y
X 2Y B X
z 2
(2)
DY
conditions are
(3)
32
Do (u) f (r ) 0,
(A.1)
u
) 0,
n
(A.2)
f (r ) is a known analytical
L(u) N (u) f (r ) 0
(A.3)
(A.6)
H (v,1) Do (v) f (r ) 0
(A.7)
v v0 pv1 p 2 v2 ...
(A.8)
u lim v v0 v1 v2 ...
(A.9)
p 1
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dz 2
1 p
2
dz
( X pX p 2 X ....) 2
0
1
2
p
0
2
B ( X 0 pX 1 p X 2 ....)
DY
(B.6)
d2X
1 p
( B 1) X
DX
dz
d 2 X ( B 1) X A X 2Y
p 2
DX
dZ
p0 :
d 2 X0
dz
( B 1) X 0
0
DX
p0 :
(B.1)
p1 :
d 2Y
d 2Y ( X 2Y BX )
2
0
2
DY
dz
dz
1 p
(B.2)
d 2 X1
dz
d 2Y0
dz 2
(B.8)
( B 1) X 1 A X 02 Y0
DX
DX
p1 :
(B.7)
BX 0 X 02 Y0
DY
dz
d 2Y1
2
(B.10)
X X 0 pX1 p 2 X 2 ..........
(B.3)
X 0 0 X 0 ( L) A and Y0 0 Y0 ( L) B / A
(B.4)
X i 0 X i ( L) 0 and
into the
Y0 0 Y0 ( L) B / A, i 1, 2,3.....
(B.11)
(B.12)
d 2 ( X 0 pX 1 p 2 X 2 ....)
2
dz
1 p
( B 1)( X 0 pX 1 p 2 X 2 ....)
DX
d 2 ( X 0 pX 1 p 2 X 2 ...)
2
dz
( B 1)( X pX p 2 X ....) A
0
1
2
( X 0 pX 1 p 2 X 2 ....) 2
p
0
2
(Y0 pY1 p Y2 ...)
DX
(B.9)
A
k L
kz
kL
k z
X0
(1 e ) e (1 e ) e (B.13)
2sinh(kL)
Y0
(B.5)
B
A
(B.14)
k1
k L
kz
kL
k z
X1
(1 e ) e (1 e ) e 2
2sinh(
kL
)
k DX
(1 e k L ) 2 e 2 k z (1 ek L ) 2 e 2 k z
AB
kL
k L
6 (1 e ) (1 e )
2
2
12 k DX sinh (k L)
(B.15)
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AB
Y1
2
DY k
kL 2
k L 2
A B (1 e ) (1 e )
16 DY k 2 sinh 2 (k L)
A B (1 e k L ) (1 e k L ) ( L z z 2 )
4 DY sinh 2 (k L)
k
L
k
z
k
L
k
A B (1 e ) e (1 e ) e z
2 DY sinh 2 (k L)
k
L
2
2
k
z
k
L
2
2
A B (1 e ) e (1 e ) e k z
16 k 2 DY sinh 2 (k L)
(B.16)
( B 1)
DX
(1 e k L ) 2 (1 ek L ) 2
AB
6 (1 ek L ) (1 e k L )
k1
12 k 2 DX sinh 2 (k L)
(6)
(7)
respectively.
X lim X ( z) X 0 X1
(B.17)
Y lim Y ( z ) Y0 Y1
(B.18)
p 1
p 1
k A
k L
kz
kL
k z
X ( z) 1
(1 e ) e (1 e ) e
2sinh(
kL
)
A
2
k DX
(4)
(1 e k L ) 2 e2 k z (1 ek L ) 2 e2 k z
AB
6 (1 ek L ) (1 e k L )
2
2
12 k DX sinh (k L)
B AB
Y ( z )
A DY k 2
kL 2
k L 2
A B (1 e ) (1 e )
16 DY k 2 sinh 2 (k L)
A B (1 e k L ) (1 e k L ) ( L z z 2 )
4 DY sinh 2 (k L)
k
L
k
z
k
L
k
A B (1 e ) e (1 e ) e z
2 DY sinh 2 (k L)
k
L
2
2
k
z
k
L
2
2
A B (1 e ) e (1 e ) e k z
16 k 2 DY sinh 2 (k L)
where
34
(b)
(5)
(c)
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(g)
(d)
FIGURE 1: DIMENSIONLESS CONCENTRATION X VERSUS
THE DIMENSIONLESS DISTANCE z . THE CONCENTRATION
X ( z ) WERE COMPUTED USING THE EQN. (4) IN SOME FIXED
VALUES OF THE DIMENSIONLESS PARAMETERS
DX , DY , A and B , WHEN (A) L 0.05 , (B) L 0.10 , (C) L 0.15,
(D) L 0.20, (E) L 0.25, (F) L 0.30 AND (G) L 0.35 .
(a)
(e)
(b)
(f)
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(a)
(b)
(e)
(f)
(c)
(g)
(d)
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(b)
Meaning
Dimensionless constant
Dimensionless constant
Steady state concentration profile for
the chemical specie A
Steady state concentration profile for
the chemical specie B
Y
z
Dimensionless distance
Dimensionless constant
Diffussion coefficient for the
concentration of the chemical specie A
Diffussion coefficient for the
concentration of the chemical specie B
DX
DY
REFERENCES
FIGURE 4: DIMENSIONLESS CONCENTRATION X VERSUS
THE DIMENSIONLESS DISTANCE z . THE CONCENTRATION
X ( z ) WERE COMPUTED USING THE EQN. (4) IN SOME FIXED
VALUES OF THE DIMENSIONLESS PARAMETERS DY , A and B
AND VARIOUS VALUES OF THE DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT DX
WHEN (A) L 0.10 AND (B) L 0.35 .
Conclusion
This investigation is carried out using the Homotopy
perturbation method (HPM) to approximate the
solutions of well-known steady state Brusselator
reaction-diffusion model. The HPM is very simple and
straightforward. HPM avoids the difficulties arising in
finding the Adomian polynomials and transformation
formulas.Very recently, the HPM has been widely
used to solve many problems in engineering and
sciences because of it's reliability and the reduction in
the size of computations. It is shown that the
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Author Introduction
Dr. Vembu Ananthaswamy received
his M.Sc. Mathematics degree from
The Madura College (Autonomous),
Madurai-625011, Tamil Nadu, India
during the year 2000. He has received
his M.Phil degree in Mathematics
from Madurai Kamaraj University,
Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India during
the year 2002. He has received his
Ph.D., degree (Under the guidance of
Dr. L. Rajendran, Assistant Professor, Department of
Mathematics, The Madura College, Tamil Nadu, India) from
Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India,
during the year October 2013. He has more than 14 years
and 6 months of teaching experiences for Engineering
Colleges, Arts & Science Colleges and Deemed University.
He has 3 years of research experiences. At present he is
working as Assistant Professor, Department of Mathematics,
The Madura College (Autonomous), Madurai-625 011, Tamil
Nadu, India from 2008 onwards. His present research
interest includes: Mathematical modeling based on
differential equations and asymptotic approximations,
Analysis of system of non-linear reaction diffusion equations
in physical, chemical and biological sciences, Numerical
Analysis, Mathematical Biology, Mathematical and
Computational Modeling, Mathematical Modeling for
Ecological systems. He has participated more than 20 State
level/National/International seminars and workshops and
presented 7 research papers in National and International
Conferences.
He has published more than 30 research
articles in peer-reviewed National and International Journals
and communicated 5 research articles in reputed National
and
International
Journals.
Presently
he
is
Reviewer/Editorial Board Member/Advisory Board Member
in 67 reputed National and International Journals. He has
reviewed more than 17 research articles in reputed
International Journals. Currently he has been doing one
ongoing minor research project sanctioned by UGC in the
duration of 18 months.
Ms. Ponraj Jeyabarathi received her
M.Sc., in Mathematics from Lady
Doak
College
(Autonomous),
Madurai during the year 2011. She
has received her M.Phil., degree in
Mathematics
from The Madura
College (Autonomous), Maudrai,
Tamil Nadu, India during the year
2012. Her M.Phil., thesis title is
Analytical expression of a Steady
State Concentration of the Species Enzyme-Containing
Polymer Modified Electrode. She has more than 2 years
and 6 months of teaching experiences in Arts & Science and
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