Unix Commands

Sheet1
Common Unix Commands

Sysinfo
Memory and Swap
Disks, Filesystems and Devices
Networking
Crash Dump
Performance Monitoring and Diagnostics
Kernel Modules and Parameters
Services
Patching / Packages
Accounts
NFS
NTP
Log Files
Security
Misc
sysinfo
Server Release info

Server type
Hardware Info
Operating System
Memory
CPU (type, number, etc)
Page 1
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CPU (type, number, etc)
Disk Drives
Kernel File and associated directories
Kernel 32 or 64
Display Firmware
Display IRQ, IO ports and DMA

GUI admin tool
Memory and Swap
Memory
page size (memory)
display swap
Page 2
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adding swap
removing swap
Disks, Filesystems and Devices
Disk Drives
Disk serial Number, type, etc
Disk disk partitions

Page 3
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List Raw Partitions
Filesystem commands
Filesystem (create|remove)
Tune Filesystems
Force fsck
backup filesystem
Page 4
Display the boot device
Sheet1
Display the boot device
Setting the boot device
Creating boot device (MBR)
Format floppy drive

mount/unmount floppy
mount/unmount CDROM
remount a filesystem
create boot disk or recovery tape
boot cdrom/diskette (single user)
boot into maintenace mode
Device paths
Page 5
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Device paths
update /dev directory
remove or change a device
list device drivers

Networking
Basic network information

(hostname, ip address)
displaying network interfaces
Page 6
Configure network interface
Sheet1
Configure network interface
Starting and stopping a network interface
Setting NIC speed
Change NIC parameters
Display NIC statistics

display MAC address
Displaying network packets
default router
display routing table
Test IPMP, Bonding
change the hostname

setup DNS
Page 7
Name service switch file (DNS client)
Sheet1
Name service switch file (DNS client)

Flush DNS cache
Domain Name
Obtain IP Address routing
Find Services on the network

Crash Dump
Crash Dump
Performance Monitoring and Diagnostics
CPU
Page 8
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Memory
Network I/O
Disk I/O
Application
NFS
Kernel Modules and Parameters
display loaded modules

load modules
unload modules
Page 9
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set kernel parameters (tuning)
display kernel parameters
build kernel
interprocess communication
Services
display services
start services
stop services
reload service
restart service
service status
service dependencies
service dependants
service logging, etc

change service startup
Add a new service
Page 10
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Add a new service
Patching / Software
display installed patches
adding patch
removing patch
display installed packages
adding package
removing packages
verify package
List files in package
Package directory
List libraries required for binary program
Accounts
Page 11
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display users
create a user
remove a user
modify a user
change user password

create a group
remove a group
modify a goup
password files
useful user commands
useful group commands

NFS
NFS Daemons
NFS files
List nfs clients that have a remote mount
display nfs shares
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create nfs share
uncreate nfs share
start/change nfs daemons
stop nfs daemons

nfs status
nfs reload
nfs performanace
nfs Options
solaris/redhat mount problems (nfs v3 to v4)
NTP
Time daemons
ntp setup
ntp daemon options
NTP Trace commands

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Log Files
messages
syslog
mail
cron
boot
Error logging
Security
Checking the passwd file

checking the group file
console login (allow/deny)

Misc
startup
Page 14
shutdown
Sheet1
shutdown
Change run level

init status
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Startup options
startup scripts
boot prompt commands

Page 15
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Boot process
determine the run level
obtain default run level
list locale
start xwindows
initialize system
Timezone
Page 16
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Display system information i.e cpu, memory, etc

Information regarding the physical memory and swap area
Displaying disk information, filesystems
Display and configuring network parameters
Configure, display and use the crash dump utiltities
List, Monitor and trace processes
Displaying, modifying and tuning kernel parameters
Display, start and stop services
Installing and removing patches and software packages
Setting up and removing user accounts
Information on NFS i.e starting, stopping, etc
Network Time Protocol
Location to common log files
Security information
Other stuff i.e shutdown, timezone, run level, etc
Solaris
cat /etc/release
/usr/platform/ùname -i`/sbin/prtdiag -v
prtdiag -v
prtpicl -v [-c <class>]
prtconf -D
uname -a
prtconf | grep -i mem
## display,offline,online
psrinfo
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psradm -f 0 (offline)
psradm -n 0 (online)
format
prtvtoc <device>
format -e (to convert EFI (zfs) to SMI)
Note:
EFI - Extensible Firmware Interface
SMI - Sun Microsystems Inc
/kernel/genunix
/platform/sparc/kernel
/platform/i86pc/kernel
/kernel
/usr/kernel
isainfo -kv (solaris 9+)
isalist (sparc v9 will be listed first)
isainfo -b
At the OK prompt type banner
n/a
admintool
Solaris
prtconf | grep -i mem
/usr/bin/pagesize
swap -l
swap -s
mkfile 5m /var/swapfile
swap -a /var/swapfile
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update /etc/vfstab
update /etc/vfstab
swap -d
Solaris
format
prtvtoc <device>
format -e (to convert EFI (zfs) to SMI)
Note:
EFI - Extensible Firmware Interface
SMI - Sun Microsystems Inc
format
iostat -En
luxadm inq <disk> (A5x00 disk arrays)
prtvtoc <device>
cat /etc/vfstab
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use format to partition the disk then just use the slice as a raw partition, remember to use the character device
df -k
df -h
newfs -v <raw device>
# Display how the filesystem was created
newfs -Nv <filesystem>
tunefs
fstyp -v <device> |grep -i minfree
# Check to see filesystem needs checking

fstyp -v <filesystem> | grep fsclean
ufsdump|ufsrestore
tar
dd
cpio
eeprom |grep boot-device

prtconf -pv |grep bootpath
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prtpicl -v|grep ':bootpath'
setenv boot-device [<device>|<alias>]

eeprom boot-device [<device>|<alias>]
installboot /usr/platform/ùname -i`/lib/fs/ufs/bootblk <raw-device>
fdformat -v -U
volcheck -v
newfs -v /vol/disk/aliases/floppy0
volrmmount -l floppy0
eject floppy
mount -F hsfs -o ro <device path> /cdrom/cdrom0
umount /cdrom/cdrom0
/etc/init.d/volmgr start
eject cdrom
n/a
n/a
ok> boot cdrom -s
ok> boot -as
floppy:
disk:
/dev/dsk/c0t0d0s0
tape:
/dev/rmt/0ucb
cdrom:
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/dev/dsk/c0t6d0s0
/dev/scd0 (external usb cd)
drvconfig
devlinks
disks|tapes|ports
devfsadm ( solaris 8, 9, 10)
rem_drv
prtconf -D
sysdef
Solaris
/etc/hostname.hme0
prtdiag -v
ifconfig -a
kstat hme:0
kstat e1000g:0
ifconfig
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ifconfig qfe0 up
ifconfig qfe0 down
ndd -set <device> <parm> <value> (dynamically)

/etc/system (edit and update then reboot - permanent)
ndd -get <device> <parm>

# List parameters
ndd -get /dev/hme \?
ndd -get /dev/e1000g0 \?
ndd -get /dev/ip \?
ndd -get /dev/tcp \?
ifconfig -a (as user root)

snoop -d <interface>
/etc/defaultrouter
route add default <gteway>
netstat -rn
if_mpadm -d
if_mpadm -r
(detach)
(reattach)
tail /var/adm/messages
change the following files:
/etc/nodename
/etc/hostname.<interface>
/etc/inet/hosts
/etc/inet/ipnodes
/etc/net - few files in here as well
/etc/resolv.conf
/etc/nsswitch.conf
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/etc/resolv.conf
svcadm restart system/name-service-cache:default

/etc/defaultdomain
route -n get <hostname>

traceroute
Boot (jumpstart) servers:
rpcinfo -b bootparam 1
NFS servers:
rpcinfo -b mountd 1
NIS servers/slaves:
rpcinfo -b ypserv 1
Solaris
dumpadm -d <device>
crash (used to analyse crash dumps)
adb (used to analyse crash dumps)
Solaris
top (sunfreeware)
prstat
sar
mpstat
w
(load average)
uptime (load average)
ps
vmstat
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prstat
vmstat
top
sar
ndd
netstat
lsof
snoop
route
sar -d
iostat
vmstat
lsof
truss -p <pid>
nfsstat
Solaris
modinfo
modload -p drv/<module name>

modunload -i <module number>
/etc/system (edit and reboot)
Page 25
/etc/system (edit and reboot)
Sheet1
cat /etc/system
sysdef -i
edit and update file then reboot:

/etc/system
ipcs -a
Solaris 10
svcs -a
inetadm -l
svcadm enable nfs
svcadm disable nfs
svcadm refresh nfs
svcadm restart nfs
svcs nfs
svcs -d network
svcs -D network
/var/svc/log
/var/svc/manifest
/lib/svc/method
n/a
n/a
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n/a
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Solaris
showrev -p
patchadd -p
patchadd
patchadd -M <dir> (multiple patches)
patchrm
pkginfo (all packages)
pkginfo -l (single package)
pkgchk -l -p <file> (file belongs)
pkgadd
pkgrm
pkginfo -l
pkginfo -p
pkgchk -l <package> | grep -i pathname
/var/sadm
ldd <file>
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Solaris
cat /etc/passwd
logins -x
useradd
userdel
usermod
passwd
groupadd
groupdel
groupmod
/etc/passwd
/etc/shadow
id -a
whoami
who
w
finger
groups
setpgrp
newgrp
Solaris
server: mountd, nfsd
client: statd, lockd
/etc/dfs/dfstab
/etc/dfs/sharetab
/etc/rmtab
/etc/rmtab
dfshares
showmount -e localhost
/etc/dfs/dfstab (edit and add share)
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share <path>
## dfstab example
share -F nfs -d "jumpstart" /export/jumpstart
unshare <path>
/etc/dfs/dfstab (edit and remove share)
/etc/init.d/nfs.server start
/etc/init.d/nfs.client start
svcadm enable nfs/server
svcadm disable nfs/server
/etc/init.d/nfs.server stop
/etc/init.d/nfs.client stop
ps -ef|grep < nfs daemons>

shareall
nfsstat
n/a
## Make sure you use NFS version 3

mount -F nfs -o vers=3 <mount> <mountpoint>
Solaris
xntpd
# Solaris 8
/etc/ntp.conf
/etc/ntp.server
/etc/ntp.client
/etc/rc2.d/xntpd [start|stop]
# Solaris 10
/etc/inet/ntp.server
/etc/inet/ntp.client
svcadm enable ntpd
/lib/svc/method/xntp
ntpq -p
ntptrace
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Solaris
/var/adm/messages
/var/log/syslog
/var/cron/log
/var/adm/messages
dmesg
logger
Solaris
pwck
grpck
# No reboot required
/etc/default/login
Solaris
eeprom
setenv boot-device
shutdown -i5 -g0 -y (power down)

shutdown -i6 -g0 -y (reboot)
shutdown -i0 -g0 -y (OK prompt)
reboot -- -r (reboot/reconfigure)
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touch /reconfigure
halt
init
poweroff
reboot
shutdown
telinit
uadmin
0 - shutdown
1 - single user
2 - n/a
3 - Multi-user
4 - n/a
5 - power off
6 - reboot
# change default
vi /etc/inittab
-s single user
-a interactive
-x no device drivers (used in clustering)
-r reconfigure devices
-m milestone
/etc/init.d
/etc/rc0.d - /etc/rc6.d
boot
printenv
setenv
banner
devalias
show-devs
show-pci-devs-all
probe-scsi-all
probe-fcal-all
probe-pci
watch-net-all
reset-all
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Phases:
Boot PROM: displays system information, run POST, load bootblk, locate ufsboot
Boot Programs: bootblk loads and executes the ufsboot
Kernel Initialization: ufsboot loads and executes the core kernel, initializes core kernel data structures, loads other kernel modules base
init: starts other processes based on the /etc/inittab file
who -r
cat /etc/inittab
locale -a
n/a
sys-unconfig
/etc/TIMEZONE
/etc/default/init
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Red Hat
cat /etc/enterprise-release
cat /etc/redhat-release
lsb_release -a
cat /proc/version
dmidecode
lspci
lsusb
lshal
Note: hal = hardware abstraction layer
uname -a
cat /proc/meminfo (detailed)
free -om
cat /proc/slabinfo
cat /proc/cpuinfo (detailed)
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fdisk -l
sfdisk -l (advanced server)
parted <device> print
partprobe -s <device>
/boot/initrd.?????.img
/boot/vmlinuz
uname -a
uname -m
getconf -a |grep -i 'long_bit'
boot into the BIOS (normally F2 or F12)
/proc/interrupts
/proc/ioports
/proc/dma
linuxconf
Red Hat
free -om
/usr/bin/getconf -a| egrep -i 'pagesize|page_size'

cat /proc/swaps (detailed)
swapon -s
device:
create partition with fdisk (type 82)
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file(create 50MB swap file):
dd if=/dev/zero of=/var/swapfile bs=1024 count=50000
mkswap <device>|<file>
swapon <device>|<file>
update /etc/fstab
swapoff <device>|<file>
Remove device or file as normal
Red Hat
fdisk -l
partprobe <device>
hdparm -i /dev/hda
hdparm -I /dev/hda (detailed)
hdparm -Tt /dev/hda (speed test)
sdparm -i /dev/sdb
cat /proc/ide/ide0/hda/model
cat /proc/scsi/scsi
fdisk -l
cat /proc/partitions (very high level)
cat /etc/fstab
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## Old way
/etc/sysconfig/rawdevices
service rawdevices start
chkconfig rawdevices on
## New way, Edit below file
/etc/udev/rules.d/60-raw.rules
udevinfo -d or udevadm
## Display raw partitions
raw -qa
df -k
df -h
mkfs -t ext3 /dev/sdb1
tune2fs
tune2fs -l /dev/sda1
# change reserved blocks percentage to 1%
tune2fs -m 1 /dev/sda1
touch /forcefsck
shutdown -Fr now
tune2fs -l /dev/sdb<?> |grep -i 'filesystem state'
dump/restore
tar
dd
cpio
cat /boot/grub/grub.conf
cat /etc/lilo.conf
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grub = grand unified boot loader
lilo = linux loader
/boot/grub/grub.conf
/etc/lilo.conf
grub-install <raw-device>
lilo -v
floppy --probe (use device obtained below )
floppy --createrc > /etc/fd0
floppy --format /dev/fd0
mkfs /dev/fd0
mount /dev/fd0 /mnt/floppy
umount /mnt/floppy
mount -rt iso9660 /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom
umount /mnt/cdrom
eject cdrom
mount -o remount,rw /
mkbootdisk ùname -r` (boot diskette)
using the grub window append the word single to the kernel line
f10 or f12
floppy:
/dev/fd0
disk:
/dev/hda or /dev/sda
/dev/hdb or /dev/sdb
tape:
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cdrom:
/dev/hda (depends on number of IDE disks)
/dev/MAKEDEV <device>
cat /proc/devices
Red Hat
/etc/sysconfig/network
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
ifconfig
system-config-network (GUI)
ifconfig
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/sbin/ifup eth0
/sbin/ifdown eth0
mii-tool -F 100baseTx-FD eth0

ethtool -s eth1 speed 100 duplex full
mii-tool -v
ethtool eth1
ethtool -t eth0 online
sysctl -a | grep net*
ifconfig
system-config-network (GUI)
tcpdump -i <interface>
ethereal (needs to be installed)
edit /etc/sysconfig/network
add: GATEWAY=<IP address>
netstat -rn
route -n
ifenslave -d bond0 eth1 (detach)
ifenslave bond0 eth1
(reattach)
cat /proc/net/bonding/bond0
/etc/sysconfig/network
/etc/hosts
sysctl -a |grep hostname
/etc/resolv.conf
/etc/nsswitch.conf
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/etc/host.conf
/etc/resolv.conf
## if installed
service nscd restart
/etc/sysconfig/network (HOSTNAME option)
/etc/resolv.conf
Note: for NIS use the NISDOMAIN option
ip route get <IP address>
traceroute
NFS servers:
rpcinfo -b mountd 1
NIS servers/slaves:
rpcinfo -u <yp server> ypserv
Red Hat
diskdump
netdump
kdump (part of kexec rpm)
/etc/kdump.conf (select where you want the dump to go)
service kdump start
chkconfig kdump on
## to crash the system
echo "c" > /proc/sysrq-trigger
Red Hat
top
sar
mpstat
w
(load average)
ps
vmstat
procinfo
oprofile
cat /proc/cpuinfo
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free
vmstat
top
procinfo
slabtop
sar
cat /proc/meminfo
ethtool
mii-tool
netstat
lsof
tcpdump
ip
iptraf
sar -d
iostat
vmstat
lsof
strace -p <pid>
nfsstat
Red Hat
cat /proc/modules (more detailed)
lsmod
Location:
/lib/modules/ùname -r`/kernel/drivers
Config:
/etc/modprobe.conf
/etc/modprobe.d
modprobe <module>
insmod
modprobe -r <module>
rmmod
/etc/sysctl.conf (edit and update then reboot)
sysctl -p <filename>
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sysctl -w param=value
No reboot (dynamically):
echo "250 32000 100 28" > /proc/sys/kernel/sem
echo "536870912" > /proc/sys/kernel/shmmax
echo "4096" > /proc/sys/kernel/shmmni
echo "2097152" > /proc/sys/kernel/shmall
etc.............................................
sysctl -a
cat /etc/sysctl.conf
cat /proc/sys/kernel/sem
cat /proc/sys/kernel/shmmax
etc...................................
cd /usr/src/linux-2.5
edit Makefile (change EXTRAVERSION)
make mrproper
backup .config
make xconfig
make dep
make bzImage
make modules
move new kernel
make modules_install
change lilo/grub config file
reboot
ipcs -a
Red Hat
service --status-all
service nfs start
service nfs stop
service nfs reload
service nfs restart
service nfs staus
n/a
n/a
n/a
chkconfig --levels 2345 nfs on

# Create your stop/start
# script in /etc/init.d
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chkconfig --add <script>
Red Hat
patch -p1 <patch>

zcat patch46.gz | patch -p1
Note: -p = # of path stripping
patch -R -p1 <patch>
rpm -qa (all packages)
rpm -q (single package)
rpm -qf (file belongs)
rpm -qi <package> (very detailed)
rpm -Uhv (updates/installs if not already)

rpm -ihv (install)
rpm -e <package>
rpm -V <package>
rpm -ql <package>
/var/lib/rpm
ldd <file>
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Red Hat
cat /etc/passwd
system-config-users (GUI)
useradd
userdel
usermod
passwd
groupadd
groupdel
groupmod
/etc/passwd
/etc/shadow
id -a
whoami
who
w
finger
groups
Red Hat
server: rpc.mountd,nfsd
client: rpc.statd, lockd
/etc/exports
/var/lib/nfs/etab
/var/lib/nfs/xtab
/var/lib/nfs/rmtab
redhat-config-nfs (GUI)
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/etc/exports (edit and add share)
/sbin/service nfs reload
## /etc/exports example
/export *(rw,fsid=0,insecure,no_root_squash,sync)
/etc/exports (edit and remove share)
/sbin/service nfs start
/sbin/service nfs stop
/sbin/service nfs status

nfsstat
cat /var/lib/nfs/etab
n/a
Red Hat
ntpd
/etc/ntp.conf (edit with ntp servers)
dateconfig (GUI)
chkconfig --list ntpd
chkconfig --level 2345 ntpd on
/sbin/service ntpd start
/etc/sysconfig/ntpd
ntpq -p
ntptrace
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Red Hat
/var/log/messages
/var/log/syslog
/var/log/mail
/var/log/cron
/var/log/boot
dmesg
logger
Red Hat
pwck
grpck
/etc/securetty
Red Hat
grub (GUI)
lilo (text based)
shutdown -h (halt)
shutdown -r (reboot)
shutdown -f (fast reboot no fsck)
shutdown -F (force fsck)
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halt
init
poweroff
reboot
shutdown
telinit
0 - halt
1 - single user
2 - multiuser (no networking)
3 - multiuser (networking)
4 - unused
5 - GUI
6 - reboot
# change default
vi /etc/inittab
single - use grub to edit kernel line
emergency - use grub to edit kernel line
linux rescue - use at the boot prompt
single: runlevel1, local fs mounted, no network
emergency: root fs read-only, no init files run
rescue: use cd-rom/network, root mounted as /mnt/sysimage
/etc/init.d
F10 or F12
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Boot sequence
BIOS
POST
Master Boot Record (MBR) - point to the bootloader GRUB or LILO
GRUB (stage 1) - point to GRUB stage 1_5
GRUB (stage 1_5) - deals with specific filesystem types look at /boot/grub/*1_5 files
GRUB (stage 2) reads /etc/grub.conf and displays the grub menu, it specifies the kernel and the initrd files
KERNEL - control given to the kernel
INIT - reads /etc/inittab and runs /etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit script
runlevel
who -r
cat /etc/inittab
locale -a
startx (shorthand of below)
initx (lots of parms)
/etc/sysconfig/clock
/usr/share/zoneinfo/zone.tab
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Ubuntu/Debian
cat /etc/lsb-release
lsb_release -a
dmidecode
lspci
lsusb
lshal
uname -a
free -om
cat /proc/slabinfo
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fdisk -l
partprobe <device>
/boot/initrd.img-?????-server
/boot/vmlinuz-????-server
uname -a
uname -m
getconf -a |grep -i 'long_bit'
boot into the BIOS (normally F2 or F12)
/proc/interrupts
/proc/ioports
/proc/dma
linuxconf
Ubuntu/Debian
free -om
/usr/bin/getconf -a| egrep -i 'pagesize|page_size'

cat /proc/swaps (detailed)
swapon -s
device:
create partition with fdisk (type 82)
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file(create 50MB swap file):
dd if=/dev/zero of=/var/swapfile bs=1024 count=50000
mkswap <device>|<file>
swapon <device>|<file>
update /etc/fstab
swapoff <device>|<file>
Remove device or file as normal
Ubuntu/Debian
fdisk -l
partprobe <device>
hdparm -i /dev/hda
hdparm -I /dev/hda (detailed)
haparm -Tt /dev/hda (speed test)
sdparm -i /dev/sdb
cat /proc/ide/ide0/hda/model
cat /proc/scsi/scsi
fdisk -l
cat /proc/partitions (very high level)
cat /etc/fstab
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mknod /dev/rawctl c 162 0
mknod /dev/raw/raw0 c 162 1
mknod /dev/raw/raw1 c 162 2
ln -s /dev/rawctl /dev/raw/rawctl
## map raw devices to the disk
raw /dev/raw/raw1 /dev/sdb1
## display raw devices
raw -qa
df -k
df -h
mkfs -t ext3 /dev/sdb1
tune2fs
tune2fs -l /dev/sda1
# change reserved blocks percentage to 1%
tune2fs -m 1 /dev/sda1
touch /forcefsck
shutdown -r now
tune2fs -l /dev/sdb<?> |grep -i 'filesystem state'

# edit /etc/default/rcS change below so
# you dont have to hang around
FSCKFIX=yes
dump/restore
tar
dd
cpio
cat /boot/grub/menu.lst
Page 52
cat /boot/grub/menu.lst
Sheet1
/boot/grub/menu.lst
grub-install <raw-device>
n/a
n/a
mount -rt iso9660 /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom
umount /mnt/cdrom
eject cdrom
mount -o remount,rw /
n/a
using the grub window append the word single to the kernel line
f10 or f12
floppy:
/dev/fd0
disk:
/dev/hda or /dev/sda
/dev/hdb or /dev/sdb
tape:
Page 53
Sheet1
cdrom:
/dev/hda (depends on number of IDE disks)
/dev/MAKEDEV <device>
cat /proc/devices
Ubuntu/Debian
/etc/network/interfaces
ifconfig
ifconfig
Page 54
Sheet1
/sbin/ifup eth0
/sbin/ifdown eth0
ethtool -s eth1 speed 100 duplex full
ethtool eth0
sysctl -a |grep net*
ifconfig
ethereal (needs to be installed)
edit /etc/network/interfaces
add: gateway <IP address>
netstat -rn
route -n
ifenslave -d bond0 eth1 (detach)
ifenslave bond0 eth1
(reattach)
cat /proc/net/bonding/bond0
/etc/hostname
/etc/hosts
sysctl -a |grep hostname
/etc/resolv.conf
/etc/nsswitch.conf
Page 55
Sheet1
/etc/host.conf
/etc/resolv.conf
/etc/host
/etc/resolv.conf
ip route get <IP address>

traceroute
NFS servers:
rpcinfo -b mountd 1
NIS servers/slaves:
rpcinfo -u <yp server> ypserv
Ubuntu/Debian
diskdump
netdump
kdump (part of kexec rpm)
/etc/kdump.conf (select where you want the dump to go)
service kdump start
chkconfig kdump on
## to crash the system
echo "c" > /proc/sysrq-trigger
Ubuntu/Debian
top
sar
mpstat
w
(load average)
ps
vmstat
procinfo
cat /proc/cpuinfo
Page 56
Sheet1
free
vmstat
top
procinfo
slabtop
sar
cat /proc/meminfo
ethtool
mii-tool
netstat
lsof
tcpdump
ip
iptraf
sar -d
iostat
vmstat
lsof
strace -p <pid>
nfsstat
Ubuntu/Debian
cat /proc/modules (more detailed)
lsmod
Location:
/lib/modules/ùname -r`/kernel/drivers
Config:
/etc/modprobe.d/options
/etc/modprobe.d
modprobe <module>
insmod
modprobe -r <module>
rmmod
/etc/sysctl.conf (edit and update then reboot)
sysctl -p <filename>
Page 57
Sheet1
sysctl -w param=value
No reboot (dynamically):
echo "250 32000 100 28" > /proc/sys/kernel/sem
echo "536870912" > /proc/sys/kernel/shmmax
echo "4096" > /proc/sys/kernel/shmmni
echo "2097152" > /proc/sys/kernel/shmall
etc.............................................
sysctl -a
cat /etc/sysctl.conf
cat /proc/sys/kernel/sem
cat /proc/sys/kernel/shmmax
etc...................................
ipcs -a
Ubuntu/Debian
There is no services or chkconfig command use the old fashioned way /etc/init.d/<service>
Page 58
Sheet1
Ubuntu/Debian
dpkg -l
dpkg -S <search string> (search)
dpkg -S <filename> (file belongs)
dpkg -s <package> (status)
dpkg -p <package> (detailed)
dpkg -i <package>
dpkg -r <package> (do not remove config files)

dpkg -P <package> (remove config files)
n/a
dpkg -L <package> (list files)
/var/lib/dpkg/info
ldd <file>
Page 59
Sheet1
Ubuntu/Debian
cat /etc/passwd
useradd
userdel
usermod
passwd
groupadd
groupdel
groupmod
/etc/passwd
/etc/shadow
id -a
whoami
who
w
finger
groups
Ubuntu/Debian
server: rpc.mountd,nfsd
/etc/exports
/var/lib/nfs/etab
/var/lib/nfs/xtab
/var/lib/nfs/rmtab
/etc/exports (edit and add share, see below example)
Page 60
Sheet1
exportfs -rav (export the shares)
/etc/init.d/portmap restart
/etc/init.d/nfs-kernel-server restart
## /etc/exports example
/export *(rw,fsid=0,insecure,no_root_squash,sync)
/etc/init.d/portmap start
/etc/init.d/nfs-kernel-server start
/etc/init.d/portmap stop
/etc/init.d/nfs-kernel-server stop
/etc/init.d/nfs-kernel-server status
nfsstat
cat /var/lib/nfs/etab
n/a
Ubuntu/Debian
ntpd
/etc/default/ntp
/etc/ntp.conf
/etc/init.d/ntp [start|stop|restart]
/etc/default/ntp
ntpq -p
ntptrace
Page 61
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Ubuntu/Debian
/var/log/messages
/var/log/syslog
/var/log/mail.*
/var/log/cron.log
/var/log/boot
dmesg
logger
Ubuntu/Debian
pwck
grpck
/etc/securetty
Ubuntu/Debian
grub (GUI)
shutdown -h (halt)
shutdown -r (reboot)
shutdown -P (power off)
touch /forcefsck
Page 62
Sheet1
# edit /etc/default/rcS change below so
# you dont have to hang around
FSCKFIX=yes
halt
init
poweroff
reboot
shutdown
telinit
0 - halt
1 - single user
2 - multiuser (default)
3 - same as 2
4 - same as 2
5 - same as 2
6 - reboot
# change default - change all the telinit

vi /etc/event.d/rc-default
single - use grub to edit kernel line
emergency - use grub to edit kernel line
linux rescue - use at the boot prompt
single: runlevel1, local fs mounted, no network
emergency: root fs read-only, no init files run
rescue: use cd-rom/network, root mounted as /mnt/sysimage
/etc/init.d
F10 or F12
Page 63
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Boot sequence
BIOS
POST
Master Boot Record (MBR) - point to the bootloader GRUB or LILO
GRUB (stage 1) - point to GRUB stage 1_5
GRUB (stage 1_5) - deals with specific filesystem types look at /boot/grub/*1_5 files
GRUB (stage 2) reads /boot/grub/menu.lst and displays the grub menu, it specifies the kernel and the initrd files
KERNEL - control given to the kernel
INIT - runs the /etc/event.d/rc-default script
runlevel
who -r
/etc/event.d/rc-default
locale -a
/etc/timezone
/usr/share/zoneinfo/zone.tab
Page 64
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HP-UX
/stand/kernrel
model
uname -a
ioscan
ioscan -fun [disk|tape|lan]
/opt/ignite/bin/print_manifest
cat /var/opt/ignite/local/manifest/manifest.info
uname -a
dmesg | grep -i physical
/usr/sam/lbin/getmem
sam -> performance monitors -> system properties
Page 65
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ioscan -funC disk
/stand/vmunix
getconf KERNEL_BITS ( version 11)

/opt/ignite/bin/print_manifest |grep -i 'os mode'
HPUX < version 11 all 32 bit
Note: determine if system supports 64 bit
getconf HW_CPU_SUPP_BITS
/opt/ignite/bin/print_manifest |grep -i 'hw capability'
workstations:
reboot
enter PDC
type: IN (information menu)
type: FV (Firmware Version)
n/a
sam
HP
dmesg | grep -i physical
/usr/sam/lbin/getmem
dmesg |grep -i physical
swapinfo (displayed in KB)
swapinfo -m (display in Mb)
swapinfo -tm (total / Mb)
Create logical volume or filesystem
Page 66
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swapon <device> | -f <logical device>
swapon -p 3 <device> | -f <logical device>
update /etc/fstab
Note: -p = priority swap number . The nswapdev tunable system parameter controls the maximum number of swap devices.
remove entry from /etc/fstab

reboot
HP
ioscan -funC disk
diskinfo -v /dev/rdsk/c0t4d0 (detailed but no serial number)

/opt/ignite/bin/print_manifest (no serial number)
## Insure that the online diagnostic support tools have been installed
swlist -l bundle | grep 'Support Tools'
## Command-Line Support Tools Manager (cstm)
## The run cstm
cstm
cstm> map
cstm> sel dev 4
(select the disk of you choice)
cstm> info
cstm> il
(obtain the serial number)
cstm> quit
lvlnboot -v /dev/vg00
lifls -Clv <device>
# Display the LIF contents
lifcp /dev/dsk/c0t6d0:AUTO cat /etc/fstab
Note: Boot programs are stored in the boot area in Logical Interchange Format (LIF), which is similar to a file system. For a device to b
(the initial system loader) and HPUX (the HP-UX bootstrap utility) LIF files. ISL is like GRUB.
Page 67
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Just create a new LVOL without a filesystem - that's it.
bdf
df [-egiklnvfb]
newfs -F vxfs -o largefiles /dev/vg01/rlvol1
mkfs -F vxfs -o largefiles /dev/vg01/rlvol1
Note: mkfs and newfs are a pointer to /sbin/fs_wrapper
tunefs -v <filesystem>
vxtunefs -v <filesystem>
fstyp -v <filesystem>
# Disk fragmentation
fsadm -F vxfs -E / (report)
fsadm -F vxfs -e / (defrag)
# Look at the second line to see if a filesystem

# needs checking
tunefs -v <filesystem>
fbackup/frecover
dump/restore
ftio
tar
dd
cpio
setboot
Page 68
setboot
Sheet1
setboot -p <primary path>

setboot -a <alternate path>
# autoboot sequnce
setboot -b [on|off]
mkboot -l <device>
Note: we are treating the disk as a LVM device
n/a
n/a
mount -rF cdfs /dev/dsk/c1t6d0 /cdrom
start: /usr/sbin/pps_mountd
pps_mount
mount_vxfs -o remount,ro <filesystem>
recovery tape (preview)

make_tape_recovery -v -l -x inc_entire=vg00
/opt/ignite/bin/make_recovery -ACv
enter PDC
> search
>boot p1 (cdrom)
interact with IPL? Y
ISL> hpux -is
>boot pri
ISL> hpux -lm
floppy:
n/a
disk:
/dev/dsk/c0t6d0
tape:
/dev/dsk/rmt/0
Page 69
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cdrom:
/dev/dsk/c1t6d0
insf -C tape (Class)
insf -H 0.1.0 -e (recreate deleted link)
# remove all devices from a hardward path

rmsf -k -H 52.6.0
lsdev
HP
/etc/rc.config.d/netconf
ioscan -funC lan (list hardware)
lanscan -v (list configured)
ifconfig lan0 (individual)
ifconfig <interface>
Page 70
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ifconfig lan0 up
ifconfig lan0 down
note: there is no "ifconfig -a" in hpux use lanscan then "ifconfig <interface>"
ndd -set <device> <parm> <value>
lanadmin -X <option> lan0
lanadmin -> lan -> display

## options supported
ndd -get /dev/ip ?
ndd -get /dev/tcp ?
ndd -get /dev/arp ?
ndd -get /dev/udp ?
netstat -i [-I interface]
netstat -s
lanscan
nettl -start
nettl -status all
nettl -tn pduin pduout -e ns_ls_driver -file /var/adm/LAN
nettl -stop
use netfmt to display the trace file
netstat -rn
You buy an optional product called Auto-Port Aggragation.
set_parms hostname (requires reboot)
/etc/resolv.conf
/etc/nsswitch.conf
Page 71
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/etc/resolv.conf
n/a
n/a
NFS servers:
rpcinfo -b mountd 1
NIS servers/slaves:
rpcinfo -b ypserv 1
HP
edit /stand/system
add either:
dump 2/0/1.5.0
dump lvol
dump none
# crash config file
/etc/rc.config.d/savecrash
HP
top
sar
w
(load average)
ps
vmstat
glance
sam
Page 72
Sheet1
top
vmstat
sar
sam
glance
netstat
lanadmin
sam
glance
iostat
sar
sam
glance
download and install tusc

tusc -p <pid>
nfsstat
HP
kmadmin -k
kmadmin -L <module name>

kmadmin -U <module name>
kmadmin -u <module id>
kcweb (11i)
kctune (11i only)
Page 73
Sheet1
rebuild kernel (< 11i see below)
kctune (11i only)

sysdef
kmtune
kmsystem
/usr/sam/lbin/getkinfo -f /stand/vmunix -o /tmp/kernel.data
cd /stand/build
/usr/lbin/sysadm/system_prep -v -s system
edit system file
/usr/sbin/mk_kernel -s ./system
mv /stand/system /stand/system.old
mv /stand/vmunix /stand/vmunix.old
mv /stand/build/system /stand
mv /stand/build/vmunix_test /stand/vmunix
reboot
ipcs -a
HP
There is no services or chkconfig command
use the old fashioned way /sbin/init.d/<service>
Page 74
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HP
swlist -l bundle
swlist -l product
swlist -l patch
swcopy (install patch into depot)
swinstall (install patch from depot)
Note: the swagentd daemon must be running
swremove
swlist -l bundle <bundle>
swlist -l product <product>
## check a package
swlist -s <full_path/software>
swinstall
swinstall -s <full_path/software>
swremove
swverity <fileset> (see /var/adm/sw/swagent.log)
swlist -l file <product>
/var/adm/sw
chatr <file>
Page 75
Sheet1
HP
cat /etc/passwd
logins -x
useradd
sam
userdel
sam
usermod
sam
passwd
groupadd
groupdel
groupmod
/etc/passwd
/tcb/files/auth/r/root (trusted system)
id
whoami
who
w
uptime (displays # of users logged in)
finger
groups
setprivgrp
HP
server: rpc.mountd, nfsd
/etc/exports
/etc/xtab
/etc/rmtab
/etc/rc.config.d/nfsconf (edit)
Page 76
Sheet1
/etc/exports (edit and add share)
exportfs -a
/etc/rc.config.d/nfsconf (edit)
exportfs -au (unshare all)
exportfs -u /home/vallep
/sbin/init.d/nfs.core start
/sbin/init.d/nfs.server start
/sbin/init.d/nfs.client start
/sbin/init.d/nfs.client stop
/sbin/init.d/nfs.server stop
/sbin/init.d/nfs.core stop
ps -ef | grep <nfs daemons>
exportfs -a
nfsstat
n/a
n/a
HP
xntpd
/etc/rc.config.d/netdaemons (set XNTPD to 1)
/etc/ntp.conf
/etc/rc.config.d/netdaemons
ntpq -p
ntpdate (set the date)
Page 77
Sheet1
HP
/var/adm/syslog/syslog.log
/var/adm/syslog/mail.log
/var/adm/cron/log
dmesg
logger
HP
pwck
grpck
/etc/securetty
Note: you may need to create this file if it does not exist
HP
setboot -p <primary path>
setboot -a <alternate path>
# autoboot sequnce
setboot -b [on|off]
shutdown -h now (halt)
shutdown -r now(reboot)
Page 78
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init
reboot
shutdown
0 - halt
1 - single users
2 - multiuser (networking)
3 - multiuser (networking, NFS, and CDE GUI) (default)
4 - multiuser (netwrking, NFS, and VUE GUI)
5 - n/a
6 - n/a
# change default - change the initdefault line

vi /etc/inittab
# single user
ISL> hpux -is
# Logical volume maintanence mode
ISL> hpux -lm
# No quroum check
ISL> hpux -lq
/sbin/init.d
/etc/rc.config.d (startup config files)
/sbin/rc0.d - /sbin/rc6.d
Page 79
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Phases:
PDC - processor-dependent code; executes and performs self-tests
ISL - initial system loader; loads the secondary system loader hpux
HPUX - is the secondary system loader and loads the kernel /stand/vmunix, then hands over to the kernel
KERNEL - swapper processes are started by the kernel then starts the init process
INIT - reads /etc/inittab
who -r
/etc/inittab
locale -a
n/a
set_parms [initial|hostname|ip_address|timezone]
Note: set_parms is in /sbin
/etc/TIMEZONE
Page 80
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AIX
oslevel -r
prtconf | grep -i 'System Model'

lscfg -v
lscfg -l ent0
lscfg -vl fcs0 (find the WWN of HBA adapter)
lsdev
lsdev -Cc disk
lsdev -Cc disk -p scsi0
lsslot -c [pci|phb|port]
lsslot -c pci -l ent0
lspath -l hdisk0
diag
oslevel [-r|-s]
prtconf -m
prtconf |grep -i memory
lsattr -El sys0 -a realmem
bootinfo -r
prtconf |grep -i processor
Page 81
prtconf |grep -i processor

Sheet1
lsdev -Cc disk

lsdev -Cc disk -p scsi0 (specific controller)
lsdev -Cc disk -S [a|d|s] (available, defined, stopped)
lscfg -v -l hdisk0
/unix
/usr/lib/boot
/usr/lib/drivers
Note: /unix - symbolic link to kernel file i.e /usr/lib/boot/unix_64
prtconf -k
bootinfo -K
prtconf |grep -i firmware

lscfg -pv
invscout
prtconf
smit
smitty
AIX
prtconf -m
prtconf |grep -i memory
lsattr -El sys0 -a realmem
bootinfo -r
pagesize
pagesize -a (display all supported pagesizes)
lsps -a (detailed)
lsps -s
mkps -a -s 4 -n <volume group>
Page 82
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# change the attributes
chps -a n paging00 (don't use after restart)
# change the logical volume attributes (name in this case)
chlv -n <new name> <old old> (chang page space name)
Note:
-a reconfigure paging space after restart
-s size of the page space (logical partitions)
-n activiates the paging space (use swapoff to deactivate)
also see /etc/swapspaces file
swapoff /dev/paging00
rmps paging00
Note: paging space must be deactiviated before removing
AIX
lsdev -Cc disk
lsdev -Cc disk -p scsi0 (specific controller)
lsdev -Cc disk -S [a|d|s] (available, defined,stopped)
lscfg -v -l hdisk0
lscfg -vl hdisk0

lscfg -vl hdisk*
lsvg -l rootvg
lchangelv
cat /etc/filesystems
Page 83
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Just create a new LVOL without a filesystem
# create a raw volume
mklv -y rawVolume vg01 10
df -k
lsfs [<filesystem>]
lsfs -q <filesystem> (detailed)
crfs -v jfs2 -d data02lv -m /data02 -A yes
-v filesystem type
-d device or logical volume
-m mountpoint
-A mount after restart [yes|no]
rmfs -ri /data02
-r remove the mountpoint
-i display warning before removing
chfs -a size=+1G /var (grow by additional 1GB)
chfs -a size=1G /var (grow to 1GB in size)
chfs
Note: you can perform the following
resize
freeze
change mountpoint
permissions
lots more..............................
n/a
backup|restore
tar
dd
cpio
bootinfo -b (display last boot device)

bootlist -m [normal|service] -o (display bootable devices)
Page 84
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bootlist -m normal hdisk0 hdisk1
bosboot -a (uses default device)

bosboot -ad hdisk1
format -d /dev/rfd0
format -d /dev/fd0.18 (high format)
mount /dev/rfd0 /floppy

mount -v cdrfs -r /dev/cd0 /cdrom
umount /cdrom
mount -o remount,rw <filesystem>

Note:I did find a note that it should be possible to remount a jfs2 filesystem, but it did not work on my system
mksysb
based on a 9114-275 workstation

Restart the machine.
Wait the the AIX splash screen to come up. Devices begin to initialize here.
When you see the [keyboard] word on screen hit the F5 button or the 5 key depending on your console.
Choose default boot list when the maintenance screen comes up.
based on a 9114-275 workstation
Restart the machine.
Wait the the AIX splash screen to come up. Devices begin to initialize here.
When you see the [keyboard] word on screen hit the F5 button or the 5 key depending on your console.
Choose select boot options when the maintenance screen comes up, then option 1, then option 1 for scsi, then option 3 service mode
floppy:
/dev/fd0
/dev/rfd0
disk:
/dev/hdisk0
tape:
Page 85
Sheet1
cdrom:
/dev/cd0
cfgmgr
cfgmgr -l scsi0
mkdev
rmdev
rmdev -l cd0
chdev
chdev -l rmt0 -a ret=no
lsdev
lsdev -Cc disk
lsdev -Cc disk -p scsi0
lsslot -c pci -l ent0
lscfg
lscfg -l ent0
lscfg -vl fcs0 (find the WWN of HBA adapter)
lspath -l hdisk0
getconf DISK_SIZE hdisk1 (detailed)
AIX
stores information in the ODM (Object Database Manager)
ifconfig -a
entstat -d <interface>
lsdev -Cc if
lsdev -Cc tcpip
odmget -q "name=en0" CuAt
lsattr -EHl en0
mktcpip (completely setup a network interface)
rmtcpip (remove all network interfaces)
# configure an interface
mktcpip -h aix1 -a 192.168.1.200 -m 255.255.255.0 -i en1 -g 192.168.0.10
-h - hostname assigned to interface
-a - ip address
-m - netmask
-i - interface name
-g - gateway ip address
Page 86
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# remove an interface
ifconfig en1 detach
ifconfig (configures IP address)
chdev (add aliases to network interface)
ifconfig en0 up
ifconfig en0 down
ifconfig en0 detach (remove)
chdev -l ent0 -a media_speed=1000_Full_Duplex -P
chdev -l ent0 -a media_speed=Auto_Negotiation -P
Note:
entX - physical device
enX - frame type run on entX
netstat -v
no -a
no -o "ipforwarding=1"
netstat -i [-f inet]

netstat -s
netstat -ia
iptrace -i <interface> <output file>
ipreport (used with iptrace to view reports)
Note: you must stop the iptrace by using "kill -15"

route add 0 <gateway IP address>
Note: there is no file that holds the default router
netstat -rn
netstat -r -f inet
lsattr -EHl inet0 -a route
smitty etherchannel (creates, deletes and tests)
entstat -d ent0
hostname <new hostname>
chdev -l inet0 -a hostname=<hostname>
/etc/resolv.conf
/etc/netsvc.conf
Page 87
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/etc/resolv.conf
/etc/irs.conf (may not be there)
chnamsv (change name service)
rmnamsv (remove a name service)
lsnamsv -C (list name services)
netcdctrl -t dns -e hosts -f
domainname <domainname>
route -n get <hostname>

NFS servers:
rpcinfo -b mountd 1
NIS servers/slaves:
rpcinfo -b ypserv 1
AIX
sysdumpdev -l (list dump destination)
sysdumpdev -e (estimates dumpsize)
sysdumpdev -L (info)
sysdumpstart -p (start dump primary)
sysdumpstart -s (start dump secondary)
# set the dump device permanently
sysdumpdev -p <dump device> -P
# analyse dump file
echo "stat\n status\n t -m" | crash /var/adm/ras/vmcore.0
AIX
topas -P
topas -L (logical partitions)
mpstat
sar -c
w
(load average)
lparstat
ps
iostat -tT 1
tprof
curt
Page 88
Sheet1
topas
vmstat
sar -b
svmon
ps
ipcs -a
lockstat (version 4)
rmss
[ent|tok|fddi|atm]stat
netstat
netpmon (trcstop to stop trace)
topas -D (disk)
topas -F (filesystem)
iostat
sar -D
fcstat (fibre)
lvmstat
filemon (trcstop to stop)
fileplace
# disk stat history
chdev -l sys0 -a iostat=true
lsattr -HEl sys0 -a iostat
topas
truss
sar
probevue
tprof
svmon -P <pid>
nfsstat
AIX
genkex
n/a
n/a
chdev -l sys0 -a <parameter>=<value>
no -a
(network)
Page 89
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vmo -a
nfso -a
ioo -a
raso -a
schedo -a
(virtual memory)
(NFS)
(Input/Ouput)
(reliability, availability, serviceability)
(processor scheduler)
vi /etc/security/limits
cd /etc/tunables
tunchange, tundefault, tunsave, tunrestore, tuncheck
Note: most parameters are dynamically changed in AIX , for example memory segments are dynamically adjusted
lsattr -EHl sys0
Note: only a few kernel parameters can be changed
chdev -l sys0 -a <parameter>=<value>

Note: most parameters are dynamically changed in AIX , for example memory segments are dynamically adjusted
ipcs -a
AIX
lssrc -a
startsrc -s <subsystem>
startsrc -g <group>
stopsrc -s <subsystem>
stopsrc -g <group>
refresh -s <subsystem>
stopsrc -s <subsystem>
startsrc -s <subsystem>
lssrc -a
n/a
n/a
/var/adm/ras
/etc/syslog.conf
/etc/rc.tcpip
n/a
Page 90
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AIX
instfix -ia
instfix -k
installp -r
lslpp -L all (all filesets)
lslpp -L <package> (single fileset)
lslpp -w <file> (file belongs)
lslpp -ha (history of filesets)
rpm -qa (all packages)
rpm -q (single package)
rpm -qf (file belongs)
rpm -qi <package> (very detailed)
oslevel -g (install packkages above os level)
whereis <filename>
which_fileset <filename>
installp -a
installp -c (cleanup after failed install)
rpm -i
geninstall (generic installer: installp, RPM, etc)
installp -u (commited packages)
installp -r (applied packages)
rpm -e <package>
geninstall -u <package>
lppchk -v
rpm -V <package>
lslpp -f <fileset>
rpm -ql <package>
/usr/lpp
/var/lib/rpm
ldd <file>
Page 91
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AIX
cat /etc/passwd
lsuser -f ALL (detailed)
mkuser
useradd
rmuser
userdel
chuser -a
usermod
passwd -f
passwd -s
chfn <username>
chfn <username><shell>
passwd
pwdadm
pwdck -t ALL
mkgroup <group name>
rmgroup <group name>
chgroup <attribute><group name>
/etc/security/passwd
id
whoami
who
w
uptime (displays # of users logged in)
finger
# License information
lslicense
chlicense
# Maximum number of processes for a user
lsattr -D -l sys0 -a maxuproc
chdev -l sys0 -a maxuproc=<number>
groups
setgroups
lsgroup ALL
AIX
server: rpc.mountd, nfsd
client: rpc.statd, rpc.lockd
/etc/exports
/etc/xtab
/etc/xtab
exportfs
mknfsexp -d <directory>
Page 92
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mknfsmnt
shareall
rmnfsexp -d <directory> (unshares and removes from file)

exportfs -u <filesystem>
unshareall
mknfs
chnfs
startsrc -s nfsd
startsrc -s rpc.mountd
rmnfs
stopsrc -s nfsd
stopsrc -s rpc.mountd
lssrc -a |grep -i nfs
exportfs -av
nfsstat
nfso -a
nfso -o <option>=<value>
exportfs (display options)
n/a
AIX
xntpd
/etc/ntp.conf
startsrc -s xntpd
stopsrc -s xntpd
lslpp -L all|grep xntpd
startsrc -s xntpd -a "-x"

/etc/rc.tcpip
ntpq -p
ntptrace
ntpdate
Page 93
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AIX
/var/adm/ras
/var/adm/ras
/usr/spool/mqueue/syslog
/var/adm/cron/log
/var/adm/ras
alog -o -t boot
alog -o -t console
alog -L (list all the logs available)
/usr/lib/errdemon -l (display attributes)
/usr/lib/errdemon (start error logging)
/usr/lib/errstop (stop error logging)
# use with above errorlog file
errpt (summary errorlog report)
errpt -a (detailed errorlog report)
errpt -j <identifier> (single errorlog report)
errclear (clears errorlog)
errclear -d <class><days> (clears class errors)
errlogger "message upto 230 chars"
AIX
pwdck -t ALL
usrck -t ALL
grpck
/etc/security/user
chsec -f /etc/security/user -s root
AIX
bootlist -m normal hdisk0 hdisk1
shutdown -F (fast shutdown)

shutdown -Fr (fast shutdown and reboot)
Page 94
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init
shutdown
reboot
telinit
halt
0 - reserved
1 - reserved
2 - multiuser mode with NFS
3 - user defined
4 - user defined
5 - user defined
6 - user defined
7-9 - user defined
# change default - change the initdefault line
vi /etc/inittab
Based on 9114-275 workstation
1. switch off the machine
2. power on and enter the SMS menu
Note: to enter the SMS menu press numeric 1 after the word keyboard but before the word speaker
/etc/rc.d
/etc/rc.d/init.d
/etc/rc.d/rc2.d - rc9.d
/etc/rc.* (config files for auto-starting)
also uses the System Resource Controller
Based on a 9114-275 workstation
1. switch off the machine
2. power on and enter the SMS menu
Note: to enter the SMS menu press numeric 1 after the word keyboard but before the word speaker
Page 95
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Phases:
Read Only Storage (ROS): check the system board, perform POST, locate and load boot image, begin system initialization and execute
Base Device Configuration: start configuration manager to configue base devices
System Boot: start init process phase 2, switch to hard-disk root filesystem, start other processes defined by /etc/inittab and execute pha
who -r
/etc/inittab
locale -a
n/a
install_assist
/etc/environment
/etc/profile
Page 96
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Server Release
Server type
Hardware Info
Operating System
Memory
CPU (type, num
Page 97
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CPU (type, num
Disk Drives
Kernel File
Kernel 32 or 64
Display Firmw
Display IRQ,
GUI admin too
Memory
page size (mem
display swap
Page 98
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adding swap
removing swap
Disk Drives
Disk serial Num
Disk disk parti

Page 99
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List Raw Partit
Filesystem co
Filesystem (cre
Tune Filesyste
Force fsck
backup filesys
Page 100
Display the boo
Sheet1
Display the boo
Setting the boo
Creating boot
Format floppy
mount/unmount
mount/unmou
remount a files
create boot dis
boot cdrom/disk
boot into main
Device paths
Page 101
Sheet1
Device paths
update /dev dir
remove or chan
list device driv
Basic network information

(hostname, ip address)
displaying netw
Page 102
Configure netw
Sheet1
Configure netw
Starting and st
Setting NIC sp
NIC speeds or
Display network
display MAC a
Displaying net
default router
display routing
Test IPMP, Bon
change the hos

setup DNS
Page 103
Name service sw
Sheet1
Name service sw
Flush DNS cac
Domain Name
Obtain IP Addr
Find Services o
Crash Dump
CPU
Page 104
Sheet1
Memory
Network I/O
Disk I/O
Application
NFS
display loaded
load modules
unload module
Page 105
Sheet1
set kernel para
display kernel
build kernel
interprocess communication
display service
start services
stop services
reload service
restart service
service status
service dependencies
service dependants
service logging,
change service startup
Page 106
Sheet1
display install
adding patch
removing patch
display install
adding packag
removing pack
verify package
List files in pa
Package direct
List libraries required for binary program
Page 107
Sheet1
display users
create a user
remove a user
modify a user
change user pa
create a group
remove a group
modify a goup
password files
useful user co
useful group
NFS Daemons
NFS files
List nfs clients that have a remote mount
display nfs sha
Page 108
Sheet1
create nfs shar
uncreate nfs sh
start/change n
stop nfs daemo

nfs status
nfs reload
nfs performanace
nfs Options
solaris/redhat
Time daemons
ntp setup
ntp daemon opt
NTP Trace co
Page 109
Sheet1
messages
syslog
mail
cron
boot
Error logging
Checking the pa
checking the group file
console login (
startup
Page 110
shutdown
Sheet1
shutdown
Change run lev

init status
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Startup options
startup scripts
boot prompt c
Page 111
Sheet1
Boot process
determine the r
obtain default run level
list locale
start xwindows
initialize syste
Timezone
Page 112

Unix Commands

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Unix Commands

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Sheet1

Common Unix Commands

Server Release info

CPU (type, number, etc)

Kernel File and associated directories

Display IRQ, IO ports and DMA

Memory and Swap

Disk serial Number, type, etc

Disk disk partitions

List Raw Partitions

Display the boot device

Setting the boot device

Creating boot device (MBR)

Format floppy drive

create boot disk or recovery tape

boot cdrom/diskette (single user)

boot into maintenace mode

update /dev directory

remove or change a device

list device drivers

Basic network information

displaying network interfaces

Configure network interface

Configure network interface

Starting and stopping a network interface

Setting NIC speed

Change NIC parameters

Display NIC statistics

Displaying network packets

display routing table

Test IPMP, Bonding

change the hostname

Name service switch file (DNS client)

Name service switch file (DNS client)

Find Services on the network

display loaded modules

set kernel parameters (tuning)

display kernel parameters

service logging, etc

Add a new service

display installed patches

display installed packages

List files in package

change user password

useful user commands

useful group commands

create nfs share

uncreate nfs share

start/change nfs daemons

stop nfs daemons

ntp daemon options

NTP Trace commands

Checking the passwd file

console login (allow/deny)

Change run level

boot prompt commands

Display system information i.e cpu, memory, etc

At the OK prompt type banner

# Check to see filesystem needs checking

eeprom |grep boot-device

setenv boot-device [<device>|<alias>]

installboot /usr/platform/`uname -i`/lib/fs/ufs/bootblk <raw-device>

ok> boot cdrom -s

ok> boot -as