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Inequalities
CHAPTER
In this chapter the inequality signs, , , and are used.
means less than, for example 3 4
means greater than , for example 5 4
means less than or equal to
means greater than or equal to.
5 4 3 2 1
5 4 3 2 1
5 4 3 2 1
5 4 3 2 1
Example 1
Write down the inequality shown on the number line.
Solution 1
x3
Example 2
Show the inequality x 2 on a number line.
Solution 2
5 4 3 2 1
Exercise 15A
1 Write down the inequality shown on the number line:
a
b
5 4 3 2 1
5 4 3 2 1
d
5 4 3 2 1
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5 4 3 2 1
CHAPTER 15
f
5 4 3 2 1
5 4 3 2 1
5 4 3 2 1
g
Answer questions 2 to 4 on the resource sheet.
2 Show these inequalities on a number line.
b x5
a x2
c x0
d x 1
c x 4 and x 1
c 5 x 2
Example 3
Solve the inequality 2x 1 7
Solution 3
2x 1 7
2x 1 1 7 1
2x 8
x 4
Example 4
a Solve the inequality 5x x 10
b Show your solution on a number line.
Solution 4
a
5x x 10
5x x x 10 x
4x 10x
x 2.5
b
5
4
3
2
1
2 2.5 3
Inequalities
CHAPTER 15
Example 5
Example 6
Solve the inequality 2x 6
x
Solve the inequality 2 1 1
3
Solution 5
x
2 1 1
3
2x
2 1
Expand the bracket.
3
Solution 6
When solving 2x 6 the common error is to divide
both sides by 2 to get x 3
This is incorrect since x 1 satisfies x 3 but when
x 1, 2x 2 which is not greater than 6
2x
1
3
2x 3
x 1.5
2x 6
2x 2x 6 2x
0 6 2x
6 2x
3 x
x 3
Example 7
Solve the inequality 2(x 1) 7(x 2)
Solution 7
2(x 1) 7(x 2)
2x 2 7x 14
2 14 7x 2x
16 5x
3.2 x
x 3.2
Exercise 15B
1 Solve these inequalities.
b x27
a x15
2 Solve these inequalities.
b 3x 1 8
a 2x 1 9
c 2x 8
d 3x 6
e 4x 3
c 4x 3 15
d 5x 12 2
e 6x 3 0
d 7x 2x 35
e 9x 5x 18
c 4x x 6
CHAPTER 15
x1
b 4
3
x
a 4
5
2x 1
d 2
3
5x
c 2
8
3x
e x 2
4
b 5x 2(x 6)
e 5(x 3) 2 3(x 4)
c 9(x 2) 5(x 2)
b 2 5x 8 2x
e 7 4(x 3) 2x
c 2(4 5x) 19
4x
a 3x 2 7
5
x
b 1 2(x 1)
2
x
c 4 3(x 1)
2
x2 x1
d
3
2
2 5x x
e 3
4
2
Example 8
4 2n 3
n is an integer. Find all the possible values of n.
Solution 8
4 2n 3
4 2n
AND
2 n
AND
2n 3
n 1.5
Split 4 2n 3
Solve both inequalities.
2 n 1.5
Example 9
4 2p 1 12
p is a positive integer. Find all the possible values of p.
243
Inequalities
CHAPTER 15
Solution 9
4 2p 1 12
4 2p 1 AND
2p 1 12
Split 4 2p 1 12
5 2p
2.5 p
2p 11
p 5.5
AND
AND
2.5 p 5.5
Solution 10
a 2x 3 0 since the width must be positive 2x 3 so x 1.5
b Perimeter 2(3x 5) 2(2x 3)
2(3x 5) 2(2x 3) 60
6x 10 4x 6 60
10x 4 60
10x 56
x 5.6
3x 5 3 5.6 5
Length 21.8
Perimeter 2l 2w
Perimeter 60 (no more than 60 so it can be equal to 60).
Solve the inequality.
Exercise 15C
1 a Show the inequality 2 y 4 on a number line.
b If y is an integer, use your number line to write down all the possible values of y.
2 a Show the inequality 3 p 2 on a number line.
b If p is an integer, use your number line to write down all the possible values of p.
3 8 y 5
y is an integer.
Write down all the possible values of y.
4 a Solve 6 2x 4
b Given that x is an integer and 6 2x 4, write down all the possible values of x.
5 a Solve 3 4w 13
b Given that w is an integer and 3 4w 13, write down all the possible values of w.
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CHAPTER 15
6 a Solve 3 x 1 5
b Given that x is an integer and 3 x 1 5, write down all the possible values of x.
7 2p 9
p is a positive integer.
Find all the possible values of p.
8 5q 1 19
q is a positive integer.
Find all the possible values of q.
9 2x 10 1
x is a negative integer.
Find all the possible values of x.
10 a Solve 7 2p 3 9
b p is a positive integer and 7 2p 3 9
Find all the possible values of p.
2x
11 a Solve 1 2
3
b 4 5(x 1) 10
c 3 2(1 2x) 6
12 A rectangular field has length (2x 8) metres and width (4x 3) metres.
The perimeter of the field is no more than 112 metres. Find the greatest possible area of the field.
13 The Smiths have four daughters. The table shows some information about their ages in years.
Ages in years
Ann
Betty
Cath
Debra
2x 3
12
20
y1
3
2
1
3 x
1
y1
2
3
Inequalities
CHAPTER 15
y
y1
y1
y1
y1
x2
4
2
4
2
4 x
2
4
The coordinates of all points in this region satisfy both the inequalities
x2
y
6
y4
4
2
y1
2
1
3 x
2
4
CHAPTER 15
Example 11
On a grid, shade the region of points whose coordinates satisfy the inequalities
3 x 0 and 2 y 1
Solution 11
x 3
x0
6
4
2
4
y1
2
3 x
y 2
2
4
y
6
5
4
xy3
xy3
2
1
xy3
2 1 O
1
6 x
2
Example 12
xy3
4
3
2
Solution 14
a
y 1
xy 3
y1
x 0
3 2 1 O
1
6 x
2
y
4
3
2
1
1 0
3 x
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Inequalities
CHAPTER 15
Example 13
a
i On a grid scaled from 0 to 8 on each axis, draw the line with equation x y 5
ii On the same grid draw the line with equation 2y x 4
b On the grid, shade the region of points whose coordinates satisfy the three inequalities x y 5,
2y x 4, 2x 7
c From your graph, write down the solution of the simultaneous equations
xy 5
2y x 4
d Write down the least value of x in the shaded region.
Solution 13
a b y
8
2x 7
7
6
5 xy5
2y x 4
4
3
2
1
O
8 x
c x 2, y 3
d Least value of x is 2
Exercise 15D
1 For each of these questions use the resource sheet with a grid scaled from 5 to 5 on each
axis to shade the region of points whose coordinates satisfy
b y 1
c 0x2
d 4 y 4
a x3
f 1 x 5 and 0 y 3
e 1 x 3 and 2 y 0
h 3 x 1 and 3 y 1
g 2 x 3 and 4 y 1
j yx
k y x
i 0 x 3 and 2 y 0
l y x 1
m xy4
o 2x y 4, y x 1 and y 0
n x y 1 and x y 3
2 The diagram shows a shaded region bounded by three lines.
a Write down the equation of each of the three lines.
b Write down the three inequalities satisfied by the
coordinates of the points in the shaded region.
c Write down the greatest value of x in the shaded region.
y
4
3
2
1
2 1 O
1
2
248
6 x
CHAPTER 15
y
4
y 2x 3
3
2
1
1
O
1
3 x
2
3
4
4 a Show that the points (0, 4) and (6, 0) lie on the line with equation 3y 2x 12
b The diagram shows a shaded region.
y
6
5
4
3
2
1
O
6 x
Write down the three inequalities which must be satisfied by the coordinates of all points in the
shaded region.
c x and y are integers. Write down the coordinates of the two points which satisfy the three
inequalities.
5 The diagram shows the lines with equations y 2x and y x 3
y
8
7
6
5
yx3
4
3
y 2x
2
1
2
1
O
1
3 x
2
3
a From the graph, write down the solution of the simultaneous equations
y 2x
yx3
b Shade the region for which x y 1, y x 3, y 2x and 2y 5
c x and y are integers. Write down the coordinates of the set of points which satisfy all four
inequalities, x y 1, y x 3, y 2x and 2y 5
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Inequalities
CHAPTER 15
6 a 6x 5y 30
x and y are both integers.
Write down two possible pairs of values, (x , y ),
that satisfy this inequality.
b 6x 5y 30, 2x y, y 1, x 0
x and y are both integers.
On the resource sheet, mark with a cross (), each
of the three points which satisfy all these four inequalities.
y
8
6
4
2
2
6 x
2
Chapter summary
You should now know that:
to show an inequality on a number line, you use a together with a line for and and
use a together with a line for and
solving inequalities is similar to solving equations but the inequality sign must be kept throughout
and the solution is an inequality with a letter of its own
multiplying or dividing both sides of an inequality by a negative number will change the
direction of an inequality
to find integer solutions to inequalities, a number line can be used, for example, the integer
solutions to the inequality 2 p 1 are 1, 0 and 1
to solve inequalities graphically, draw regions bounded by straight lines
a solid line as a boundary is considered to be part of the shaded region, a dashed
boundary is not part of the shaded region.
CHAPTER 15
4 5p 17
p is a positive integer.
Write down all the possible values of p.
5 a Solve the inequality 3x 7 x
b Show your answer to part a on a number line.
6 5 2m 9
m is an integer.
Write down all the possible values of m.
7 3x 20 3
x is a negative integer.
Write down all the possible values of x.
8 2 6y 19
y is a negative integer.
Write down all the possible values of y.
9 Solve the inequality 3x 2 7
10 Solve 3x 4 16
(1388 Mock)
12 Solve 4 x 2 7
(1387 Mock)
4
(1388 March 2004)
251
Inequalities
CHAPTER 15
20 a 4x 3y 12
x and y are both integers.
Write down two possible pairs of values, (x , y ), that satisfy this inequality.
y 3x, y 0, x 0
b 4x 3y 12,
x and y are both integers.
y
5
4
3
2
1
5 4 3 2 1 O
1
5 x
2
3
4
5
On the resource sheet, mark with a cross () each of the three points which satisfy
(1387 November 2005)
all these four inequalities.
21 a On the resource sheet draw the line with equation x 2y 6
y
10
8
6
4
2
10 x
22 The perimeter of this rectangle has to be more than 11 cm and less than 20 cm.
Diagram NOT
accurately drawn
3 cm
x cm
a Show that 5 2x 14
b x is an integer. List all the possible values of x.
252
CHAPTER 15
23 a 2 x 1, x is an integer.
Write down all the possible values of x.
b 2 x 1, y 2, y x 1,
x and y are integers.
On the resource sheet, mark with a cross () each
of the six points which satisfies all these three
(1387 June 2003)
inequalities.
y
5
4
3
2
1
5 4 3 2 1 O
1
5 x
8 x
2
3
4
5
y
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
O
253