Introduction

DSB-SC modulation is an amplitude modulation, which consists only of the two symmetrical
sidebands and no carrier band. So the purpose of this lab was to understand how to DSB-SC
modulate and how to modulate a signal. In doing so, we explored the effects of modulation
on the frequency spectrum of the signal. This experiment gave introduction to the multiplier
and the double sideband suppressed carrier signal, or DSB-SC. Modulated signal was
probably not the first to appear in an historical context, but it is the easiest to generate. We
have learnt that all of these modulated signals are derived from low frequency signals, or
messages. They reside in the frequency spectrum at some higher frequency, being placed
there by being multiplied with a higher frequency signal, usually called the carrier.
Properties and characteristics of amplitude modulated (AM) signals and their frequency
spectra are examined. An AM modulator is constructed using the Analog Devices four
quadrant multiplier, and the properties of the resulting signal are examined using
oscilloscope.

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In the communication process, signals cannot be transmitted directly to the receiver through a
transmission media. So modulation has to be done. In this practical we identified the
characteristics of carrier signal and message signal. A carrier signal is a transmitted
electromagnetic pulse or wave at a steady base frequency of alternation on which information
can be imposed by increasing signal strength, varying the base frequency, varying the wave
phase, or other means. This variation is called modulation. With the advent of laser
transmission over fiber media, a carrier can also be a laser-generated light beam on which
information is imposed.
To overcome the shortcoming of modulation, the carrier component from the modulated
wave, resulting in double sided-suppressed carrier (DSB-SC) modulation. A double-sideband,
suppressed carrier AM signal is obtained by multiplying the message signal m(t) with the
carrier signal. Thus we have the amplitude modulated signal;

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After the modulation is done, amplitude modulated signal should be symmetric across the x
axis.

The spectrum of DSB-SC modulated wave consists of impulse functions located at c m

and c .
The generation of a DSB-SC modulated wave consists simply of the product of the message
signal m(t) and the carrier wave ) Ac cos(ct ).

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First of all we patched up the arrangement according to the given figure in labsheet.And
frequency counter was set to AUDIO OSCILLATOR to about 1khz.

Figure 1.1-construction
After configuration we measured and recorded the amplitudes A and B of the message and
carrier signals at the inputs to the multiplier.

Figure 1.2-message signal and carrier signal

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Figure 1.2-measure the amplitudes of both signals

Amplitude of message signal= 41.6V

Amplitude of carrier signal =4.15V

After obtained these results insert a buffer amplifier in one or other of the paths to the
multiplier, and increase the input amplitude of this signal until overload occurs. Below figure
was observed.

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Figure1.3-Distorted signal after increase the amplitude of input signal

Discussion
In this lab we get to look at the waveforms involved in double sideband suppressed carrier
(DSB/SC) modulation systems, for a sinusoidal message signal. We used special circuit
boards that form a modulated DSB/SC carrier signal from a sinusoidal carrier and a 1 KHz
sinusoidal message signal. In this lab, we analyzed signals in the time and frequency
domains. Thus, we used the frequency domain display on the scopes. The purpose of a
communication system is to transfer information from a source to a destination. In practice,
problems arise in baseband transmissions, the major cases being Noise in the system external
noise and circuit noise reduces the signal to noise (S/N) ratio at the receiver input and hence
reduces the quality of the output. Such a system is not able to fully utilise the available
bandwidth, Radio systems operating at baseband frequencies are very difficult and etc.
Multiplexing is a modulation method which improves channel bandwidth utilisation. In
modulation, a message signal, which contains the information is used to control the
parameters of a carrier signal, so as to impress the information onto the carrier.

Figure 1.4-Demodulation
The message signal m(t) may be recovered from a DSB-SC modulated wave s(t) with a
locally generated sinusoidal wave and then low-pass filtering the product as shown above.
When we consider DSBSC modulation method it has Less transmitted power than full AM
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and all the transmitted power is useful, requires a coherent carrier at the receiver, this results
in increased complexity in the detector( synchroniser),Suited for point to point
communication involving one transmitter and one receiver which would justify the use of
increased receiver complexity.
During the final part of lab when we increasing the input amplitude, linearity of signal was
faded out and furthermore the signal cannot be detect through an envelop detector because
signal was overlapped.

This circuitry is not going to be ideal. The multipliers are quite sensitive to variations and
imbalances in the surrounding resistor values. Due to temperature shifts and aging, these
variations are inevitable. As a result, the waveforms we observed appeared somewhat
different from what we expect. But this behavior is part of the life of an electronic
engineer, electronic circuitry is never ideal. Overall we got the basic idea of signals, how they
are transmitting, why modulation is done, how frequency is changing, using oscilloscope how
the signal look like after modulation is done, what are the problems occurs and etc.

Conclusion
Basic characteristics of carrier and message signals were observed. Non-linear behavior of a
signal is identified by increasing the input amplitude. Transmitting aspects of signals were
found out and compared with different type of modulation methods and gained some useful
knowledge during this lab session.

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