Demographics of Bangladesh

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Demographics of Bangladesh
142,316,000 (July 2011 est.),[1]
Population:
158,570,535 (July 2011 est.)[2]
Growth rate:
1.566% (2011 est.)[2]
24.68 births/1,000
Birth rate:
population (2009 est.)
8 deaths/1,000
Death rate:
population (2009 est.)
Life expectancy: 60.25 years
male:
57.57 years
female:
63.03 years (2009 est.)
Fertility rate:
2.6 children born/woman (2011 est.)
Infant mortality
59.02 deaths/1,000 live births
rate:
Age structure
0-14 years:
34.6% (male 24,957,997/female 23,533,894)
15-64 years:
61.4% (male 47,862,774/female 45,917,674)
4% (male 2,731,578/female 2,361,435) (2006
65-over:
est.)
Sex ratio
At birth:
1.04 male(s)/female (2009 est.)
Under 15:
1.01 male(s)/female
15-64 years:
0.9 male(s)/female
65-over:
0.94 male(s)/female
Nationality
Nationality:
noun: Bengali(s) adjective: Bangladeshi
Major ethnic:
Bengali
Santhals, Chakma, Garos (Achiks), Oraons,
Minor ethnic:
Mundas, Mro, Kaibarta, Marma, Meitei, Zomi,
Bihari(Stranded Pakistani)
Language
Official:
Bengali
Bengali, English, Santali, Rajbanshi, Chakma,
Spoken:
Tripuri, Khasi, Urdu, Mundari

Bangladesh is largely ethnically homogeneous. Indeed, its name derives from the Bengali ethnolinguistic group, which comprises 98% of the population. There are many dialects of Bengali
spoken throughout the region. The dialect spoken by those in Chittagong and Sylhet are
particularly distinctive. In 2009 the population was estimated at 156 million. About 90% of
Bangladeshis are Muslims and the remainder are mostly other religions.

Bangladesh has the highest population density in the world, excluding a handful of city-states
and small countries with populations under 10m, such as Malta and Hong Kong.
Most of the demographic statistics below are from the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise
indicated.

Contents

1 Population
o 1.1 Census[3]
o 1.2 UN estimates[4]
o 1.3 Other sources
o 1.4 Population growth rate
o 1.5 Gender ratio
o 1.6 Urban and rural
o 1.7 Population Density

2 Vital statistics
o 2.1 Births and deaths [4]

3 Health
o 3.1 Life expectancy at birth
o 3.2 HIV/AIDS
o 3.3 Major infectious diseases

4 Ethnic groups

5 Language

6 Religion

7 Genetics

8 Education

9 See also

10 References

Population

Age-sex pyramid for Bangladesh, 2005

The mid-2009 estimate for total population was 156,050,883 which ranks Bangladesh 7th in the
world (CIA).
Naturally there is some uncertainty about the population, especially in a developing country such
as Bangladesh with high illiteracy and a large rural population. For instance, in 2005 there was
not a consensus whether Bangladesh or Russia had a larger population. The UN's ESA ranked
Russia 7th in the world and Bangladesh 8th. However, the CIA World Factbook ranked
Bangladesh 7th and Russia 8th in the same year. The point is now moot as the population of
Russia is in decline while that of Bangladesh is growing.
The baseline for population studies on Bangladesh is the official census which is conducted
every 10 years, the last being in 2011.

Census[3]

Demographic evolution of the territory of Bangladesh (1900-2010).

Population of Bangladesh
census population
adjusted population
Census date
(thousands)
(thousands)
1901
28 928
1911
31 555
1921
33 255
1931
35 602
1941
41 997
1951
41 932
1961
50 840
1974
71 479
76 398
1981
87 120
89 912
1991
106 313
111 455
2001
124 355
130 523
15 Mar 2011 (p)
142 319
p=provisional figure

UN estimates[4]

1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990

Total
Population aged 014 Population aged 1564 Population aged 65+
population
(%)
(%)
(%)
37 895
41.2
54.8
3.9
43 444
42.4
54.1
3.5
50 102
43.6
53.1
3.3
57 792
44.7
52.0
3.3
66 881
44.7
51.8
3.4
70 582
45.8
50.7
3.5
80 624
45.0
51.4
3.6
92 284
43.9
52.5
3.6
105 256
42.5
53.8
3.7

1995
2000
2005
2010

117 487
129 592
140 588
148 692

40.3
37.3
34.3
31.3

55.9
58.7
61.4
64.1

3.8
4.0
4.3
4.6

Other sources
The following table lists various recent estimates of the population.
Source
US State Dept[5]
Population Reference Bureau[6]
World Bank[7]
CIA World FactBook[8]
World Population Reference[9]

Year
2005
2005
2008
2010
2010

Population (millions)
144
144
160
156
164

According to the OECD/World Bank population in Bangladesh increased from 1990 to 2008
with 44 million and 38% growth in population compared to 34% growth in India and 54%
growth in Pakistan. The annual population growth 2007-2008 was 1.4% compared to India
1.35%, Pakistan 2.2%, Dem. Rep. of Congo 2.9%, Tanzania 2.9%, Syria 3.5% or Yemen 4.0%.
According to the OECD/World Bank population statistics between 1990-2008 the world
population growth was 27% and 1,423 million persons.[10]

Population growth rate

Panorama of Dhaka in 2012

Bangladesh had high rates of population growth in the 1960s and 1970s. Since then however it
has seen a marked reduction in its total fertility rate. Over a period of three decades it dropped
from almost 7 to 2.4 in 2005-2010.[4]

Gender ratio
At birth: 1.04 male(s)/female
Under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female

1564 years: 0.9 male(s)/female

65 years and over: 0.94 male(s)/female
Total population: 0.93 male(s)/female (2009 est.)

Urban and rural

The sprawling mega-city of Dhaka has a huge population, but the majority of the people
nonetheless still live in villages in rural areas.
Urban population: 27% of total population (2009 est.)
Rate of urbanization: 3.5% annual rate of change (2005-2010 est.)

Population Density
Based on the CIA World Fact Book 2012 figures for population (161,083,804) and land area
(130,168 km2), Bangladesh has the highest population density among large countries, 1,237.51
persons per square kilometer, and 12th overall, when small countries and city-states are included.
[11]

Vital statistics
Births and deaths [4]
Period
19501955
19551960
19601965
19651970
19701975
19751980
19801985
19851990
19901995
1995-

Live births
per year

Deaths per
year

Natural change
CBR1 CDR1 NC1 TFR1 IMR1
per year

1 963 000

852 000

1 111 000

48.3

20.9 27.4

6.36 165.0

2 252 000

921 000

1 332 000

48.2

19.7 28.5

6.62 156.5

2 560 000

994 000

1 566 000

47.5

18.4 29.1

6.80 151.2

2 950 000

1 090 000

1 860 000

47.3

17.5 29.8

6.91 144.4

3 193 000

1 847 000

1 346 000

46.5

26.9 19.6

6.91 175.6

3 381 000

1 153 000

2 229 000

44.7

15.2 29.5

6.65 138.3

3 670 000

1 151 000

2 519 000

42.4

13.3 29.1

5.99 122.5

3 767 000

1 115 000

2 652 000

38.1

11.3 26.8

5.02 104.4

3 709 000

1 057 000

2 653 000

33.3

9.5 23.8

4.10

90.6

3 598 000

986 000

2 612 000

29.1

8.0 21.1

3.41

73.8

2000
20002005
20052010

3 432 000

934 000

2 498 000

25.4

6.9 18.5

2.87

59.3

3 107 000

905 000

2 202 000

21.5

6.3 15.2

2.38

49.0

CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); TFR =
total fertility rate (number of children per woman); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births

Health
Life expectancy at birth
Total population: 60.25 years
country comparison to the world: 183
Male: 57.57 years
Female: 63.03 years (2009 est.)

HIV/AIDS
Adult prevalence rate: less than 0.1% (2001 est.)
county comparison to the world: 102
People living with HIV/AIDS: 12,000 (2007 est.)
country comparison to the world: 85
Deaths: fewer than 500 (2007 est.)
country comparison to the world: 8s

Major infectious diseases

Degree of risk: high
Food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and
typhoid fever
Vectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malaria are high risks in some locations
Water contact disease: leptospirosis
Animal contact disease: rabies (2005)

Ethnic groups
See also: Ethnic groups in Bangladesh
The vast majority (about 98.5%) of Bangladeshis are of the Bengali ethno-linguistic group. This
group also spans the neighboring Indian province of West Bengal. Minority ethnic groups
include Meitei, Khasi, Santhals, Chakma, Garo (tribe), Biharis, Oraons, Mundas and Rohingyas.
Biharis are Urdu-speaking, non-Bengalis who emigrated from the state of Bihar and other parts
of northern India during the 1947 partition. They are concentrated in the Dhaka and Rangpur

areas and number some 300,000.[12][13] In the 1971 independence war many of them sided with
Pakistan, as they stood to lose their positions in the upper levels of society.[14] Hundreds of
thousands went to Pakistan and those that remained were interned in refugee camps. Their
population declined from about 1 million in 1971 to 600,000 in the late 1980s.[14] Refugees
International has called them a "neglected and stateless" people as they are denied citizenship by
the governments of Bangladesh and Pakistan.[15] As nearly 40 years has passed, two generations
of Biharis have been born in these camps. Biharis were granted Bangladeshi citizenhip and
voting rights in 2008.[16]
Bangladesh's tribal population was enumerated at 897,828 in the 1981 census.[14] These tribes are
concentrated in the Chittagong Hill Tracts and around Mymensingh, Sylhet, and Rajshahi. They
are of Sino-Tibetan descent and differ markedly in their social customs, religion, language and
level of development. They speak Tibeto-Burman languages and most are Buddhist or Hindu.[14]
The four largest tribes are Chakmas, Marmas, Tipperas and Mros. Smaller groups include the
Santals in Rajshahi and Dinajpur, and Khasis, Garos, and Khajons in Mymensingh and Sylhet
regions.[14]
There are small communities of Meitei people in the Sylhet district, which is close to the Meitei
homeland across the border in Manipur, India.
There is a small population of Rohingya refugees from Myanmar near the border in the
southeast. There are 28,000 living in two UN refugee camps in Cox's Bazaar as well as some
200,000 "unregistered people of concern" living outside of the camps.[17] The refugee crisis
originated in the early 1990s when the first wave numbering some 250,000 of the predominantly
Muslim ethnic group fled persecution from their home in RakhaineMyanmar's western-most
state. Bangladesh seeks to repatriate the refugees back to Myanmar.[18]

Language

Official language: Bengali (also known as Bangla)

Dialects: Chittagonian, Sylheti and Noakhali (all regarded as languages in their own
right)

Tribal languages: Khasi-Jainta, Bishnupriya Manipuri, Arakanese, Chakma, Garo, Ho,

Kokborok and Kurukh

Other languages: English (spoken and known widely in upper-class & politics), Arabic
( sometimes spoken and known by many Muslims, due to Islam being the primary
religion), Urdu (understood by some, and spoken by Biharis)'

Religion
See also: Islam in Bangladesh, Hinduism in Bangladesh, Buddhism in Bangladesh,
Christianity in Bangladesh

According to the 2001 census, the religious profile of the population is: Islam 89.7%, Hinduism
9.2%, Buddhism 0.7%, Christianity 0.3% and others (such as Animists and non-religious) 0.1%.
[19]
The majority of the Muslims are Sunni consisting of 95% of the Muslim population, and the
remaining are Shi'a and other sects.[citation needed]

Genetics
Bangladesh has the world's highest frequency of the M form of mitochondrial DNA. This genetic
variant spans many continents, and is the single most common mtDNA haplogroup in Asia.[20] In
Bangladesh it represents about 83% of maternal lineages.[21]

Education
Literacy
Definition: age 15 and over can read and write
Total population: 43.1%
Male: 53.9%
Female: 31.8% (2003 est.)
Education expenditures
2.7% of GDP (2005)
country comparison to the world: 151

See also

Bangladeshi society

References

This article incorporates public domain material from the CIA World Factbook
document "2011 edition".

This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the
United States Department of State (Background Notes).

1.

^ Population & Housing Census: Preliminary Results JULY 2011

2.

^ a b The World Factbook, CIA, accessed on Aug 15, 2011.

3.

^ 2011 Population & Housing Census: Preliminary Results

4.

^ a b c Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of

the United Nations Secretariat, World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision

5.

^ "Background Note: Bangladesh". U.S. Department of State. 2005-08.

6.

^ "Country Profiles: Bangladesh". Population Reference Bureau. Retrieved 200607-28.

7.

^ "World Development Indicators". World Bank.

8.

^ "CIA World Factbook 2010". CIA.

9.

^ "World Population Highlights: Key Findings From PRB's 2010 World

Population Data Sheet". World Population Reference.

10.

^ CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion Population 1971-2008 (pdf pages 83-85)
IEA (OECD/ World Bank) original population ref e.g. in IEA Key World Energy
Statistics 2010 page 57)

11.

^ "Population density Persons per sq km 2012 Country Ranks". Retrieved 16

January 2013.

12.

^ "Socio-economic Problems of the Urdu Speaking Residents at Mohammadpur".

Democracy Watch. Retrieved 12 April 2011.

13.

^ Persoob, Tasmia. "The Forgotten Community: Camp Based Urdu Speaking

People in Bangladesh". Jahangirnagar University. Retrieved 12 April 2011.

14.

^ a b c d e Ethnic and Linguistic Diversity, Bangladesh: A Country Study, Edited by

James Heitzman and Robert Worden, Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress,
1989.

15.

^ Refugees of Nowhere: The Stateless Biharis of Bangladesh, Refugees

International, 2006-02-15

16.

^ "Citizenship for Bihari refugees". BBC News. 2008-05-19. 7407757. Retrieved

2008-05-21.

17.

^ 2010 Regional Operations Profile - South-East Asia, UNHCR, 2010.

18.

^ Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh refuse repatriation, AFP, Dec 30, 2009.

19.

^ [1] Bangladesh Bureau of Educational Information and Statistics (BANBEIS)

20.

^ Ghezzi et al. (2005), Mitochondrial DNA haplogroup K is associated with a

lower risk of Parkinson's disease in Italians, European Journal of Human Genetics (2005)
13, 748752.

21.

^ Mait Metspalu et al., Most of the extant mtDNA boundaries in South and
Southwest Asia were likely shaped during the initial settlement of Eurasia by
anatomically modern humans. BMC Genetics, 2004
[show]

Bangladesh topics
[show]

Demographics of Asia
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Ethnic groups in Asia

Categories:

Demographics of Bangladesh

Bangladeshi society

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