LAB

: 5
LAB
: Aggregate Impact Test
DATE : 18th
August
NO.
TITLE
2016
LEVEL OF OPENNESS
: Level 1
CLASS
: EC110 5F
GROUP LEADER:Muhammad Akmal Bin Yahya STUDENT NO: 2014894858
GROUP MEMBERS
NO NAME
STUDENT NO. SIGNATURE REMARK
1. Muhammad Akmal Bin Yahya
2014894858
2. Mohammad Qaid Haziq Bin Izhar
2014468582
3. Nik Muhamad Harith Bin Nik Rusli
2014421554
4. Atiqah Zahirah Binti Mohamad Amran
2014249374
5. Nurin Adlina Binti Mohd Roslan
2014686014
ASSESSMENT OF THE LAB ACTIVITIES
NO. ELEMENT TO ASSESS
STUDENT
1
2
3
4
5
INDIVIDUAL IN-LAB ACTIVITIES
1
PUNCTUALITIY
2
DISCIPLINE
(DRESS
CODE,SAFETY
SHOES,SAFETY
REGULATIONS)
3
KNOWLEDGE ON OPEN ENDED LABORATORY
GROUP IN-LAB ACTIVITIES
4
LEADERSHIP SKILL
5
COMMUNICATION
6
ORGANISATION/TEAMWORK
LAB REPORT
7
INTRODUCTION
8
BASIC CONCEPTS
9
SUMMARY OF PROCEDURES/ METHODS
10
ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
11
DISCUSSION OF RESULT
12
CONCLUSION
LECTURERS
SIGNATURE:

REMARKS:

UiTM Pahang
THE REPORT MUST BE SUBMITTED 1 WEEK AFTER THE COMPLETION OF THE LAB.

ECG 354 HIGHWAY ENGINEERING

INTRODUCTION
In these laboratory activities, students are required to set-up an aggregate tests in order to
evaluate the strength (toughness and durability) characteristic of aggregate. Students are
encouraged to develop their critical analysis skills by analyzing and presenting the
experimental results appropriately.
OBJECTIVES
The objectives of the tests are:
1. To determine the aggregates impact value (AIV) of aggregate
LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of the laboratory session, students should be able:
1.
2.
3.

Identify the aggregate impact value (strength value of aggregate) of road stone
Analyze the data correctly and present in typical format
Work in a group to produce a technical report

THEORETICAL BACKROUND
Aggregates play an important role in the design and construction of highway and air-field
pavements. They are also major part of rigid (concrete) and flexible (asphalt) pavements.
Aggregate is a combination of sand, gravel, crushed aggregate or other materials of mineral
composition. Aggregates used in road construction should be strong enough to resist crushing
and abrasion action under traffic wheel loads. It should not wear and abrade too easily. This
applies in particular to aggregate present in wearing courses and surface treatment. If the
aggregate is weak, the stability of pavement structure is likely to be adversely affected. The
test will also determine the strength quality of the aggregates. Toughness is the property of
material to resist impact. Due to the traffic loads, the road aggregates Is subjected to the
pounding action or impact and there is a possibility of aggregate breaking into smaller pieces.
The road aggregates should therefore be tough enough to resist fracture under sudden impact
and moving loads.

PROBLEM STATEMENT
Pavement structure comprises of several layers, surfacing, base, sub-base and sub-grade. The
most important layer which has direct contact with traffic is surfacing layer. The surfacing
layer consists of aggregate and binder. The aggregates must possess adequate strength and
durability to withstand moving and static load. Soft aggregates will be quickly ground to dust
while harder aggregates have higher resistance to abrasion and grinding effects. Laboratory
tests are carried out to determine the characteristic of such aggregates.
APPARATUS
i.

Aggregate Impact Machine

ii. Steel cylinder moulds

iii. Tamping rod
iv. Sieves of sizes of 12.5 mm, 10.0 mm and 2.36 mm
v. Laboratory oven
vi. Metal trays
vii. Electronic balance of accuracy to 0.01g
viii.

Fine haired brush (3 mm)

PROCEDURES
1. The aggregates sample was prepared by first sieving the aggregate and the portion
passing 14.0mm was obtained and retained on the 10.0mm test sieve.
2. This aggregate portion was washed and dried in the laboratory oven at a constant
temperature of 100 to 110C for not more than four hours. The aggregate sample
prepared was cooled to room temperature prior to test.
3. The aggregates was filled into the smaller steel cylinder in three layers. Each layer of
aggregate was tamped for 25 times using a tamping rod. The tamping rod was
adjusted to fall freely from about 50mm above the aggregate surface and it must be
well uniformly spread over. The surface was levelled with the tamping rod as a
straight edge to prepare the sufficient amount of aggregate on the top layer.
4. The aggregates was put into the bigger mould and 25 times of tamping was applied
for each layer.
5. The cylinder plus aggregates was weighed and the weight data was recorded.

6. The sample was assembled in the apparatus and the hammer was released to fall
freely on the aggregates from a fixed vertical height of 3805mm. The sample was
subjected to a total of manual-controlled 15 blows.
7. The aggregate sample tested was removed from the mould and the aggregate was
sieved through 2.36mm sieve openings.
8. The aggregate fraction passing the 2.36mm test sieve was weighed.
9. The test was repeated twice for the same batch of aggregate sample.

DATA ACQUISITION

Sample

Weight of

Weight of

Weight of

Weight of

cylinder (kg)

cylinder +

aggregate

aggregate after

Weight of

before sieve

sieve (kg)

aggregate

(kg)

before sieve
(kg)
1

2.874

3.470

0.596

0.568

2.870

3.470

0.600

0.562

2.870

3.458

0.580

0.538

2.874

3.470

0.596

0.584

Average

2.872

3.467

0.593

0.563

CALCULATION
Aggregate Impact Value = [(Average weight of aggregate passing sieve 2.36mm) / (Average
weight of aggregate before impact test)] 100
= (0.563kg/0.593kg) 100
= 94.9%

DISCUSSION
Toughness is the property of material to resist impact. Due to traffic loads, the road stones are
subjected to the pounding action or impact and there is possibility of stones breaking into
smaller pieces. The road stones should therefore be tough enough to resist fracture under

repeated impacts. Thus, a test is designed to evaluate the toughness of stone or the resistance
of the stones to fracture under repeated impacts may be called an impact test for road stones.
We have conducted the aggregate impact test by preparing four samples of aggregates. In
order to obtain the final results of the aggregate impact value, we took the average value of
the four samples and after the calculation, we have obtained the aggregate impact value of
94.9%. Based on the JKRs requirement, the aggregate impact value should be 15%. By
comparing the aggregate impact value that we have obtained from the test with the JKR
requirements, we can say that this test is failed because it exceed JKRs requirement. As the
aggregate impact value that we have obtained exceed 15%, the result may be anomalous as
the broken pieces of aggregate will tend to fill the voids and prevent further crushing.
The different results between the four samples of aggregates may be caused by some errors
while we were conducting the test. Some of the errors includes :
1. The distance of the person hand while tamping. Tamping layer also can affect the
result because it was done manually and not consistent with the others.
2. Wind resistance may also affect the weight data.

CONCLUSION
As the conclusion, the objective of this test which is to determine the aggregates impact value
(AIV) of aggregate is achieved. The aggregate impact value that we have obtained is totally

different and exceed the JKRs requirement. Thus, we can conclude that the sample of
aggregates may not be suitable for use in pavement construction.

REFERENCES
1. https://www.scribd.com/doc/22056086/Aggregate-Impact-Test
2. https://www.scribd.com/doc/86556593/Aggregate-Impact-Value
3. http://www3.ntu.edu.sg/cts/tlab/004.pdf