Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Year : 2005-2006
Induction Motor
Submitted by
Group Workers
Abhra Ray
Amit Nag
Arijit De
Arijit Dey
Arkendu Mitra
Ayanava Chatterjee
Kunal Pahari
Mainak Dey
Soumya Subhra Niyogi
Roll No.
12003
12004
12716021007
12716021008
12716021004
12716021047
12716021011
12716021013
12716021046
12716021021
12007
12008
12010
12012
12022
12024
12042
12716021031
Saurav Paul
Subrata Sinha Roy
12043
12716021048
12050
12716021051
This project is done under the guidance of Mrs. Shilpi Bhattacharya
Acknowledgement
We, the student of Electrical Engineering, Narula Institute of Technology, 81
Nilgunj Road, Kolkata 700109, have completed our project successfully under
the guidance of Mrs. Shilpi Bhattacharya, Lecturer, Department of Electrical
Engineering, Narula Institute of Technology, Agarpara, without whose guidance,
advice, interest, encouragement and also disbursement of money for purchasing
the components at proper time, our project could not have achieved its grand
success. We also express our respect and profound sense of gratitude to Prof.
Amlan Chakrabarti, Head of the Department, Electrical Engineering, Narula
Institute of Technology, Agarpara for his moral encouragement and advisement at
different stages to build up our project.
At last, we will thankful endlessly to the respective personality, Prof.
Biswarup Basak, Department of Electrical Engineering, Bengal Engineering
& Science University, Shibpur, who spent his expensive time to illustrate how
the project circuitry can be developed.
NAME
ROLL
Abhra Ray
12003
Amit Nag
12004
Arijit De
12007
Arijit Dey
12008
Arkendu Mitra
12010
Ayanava Chatterjee
12012
Kunal Pahari
12022
Mainak Dey
12024
Soumya Subhra Neyogi
12042
Saurav Paul
12043
Subrata Sinha Roy
12050
Contents
Topic
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
Page No.
1
2
2
2
4
4
5
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
8
9
9
9
10
11
12
12
24
24
24
25
27
27
27
28
28
G1
M1
G3
M3
G2
M2
Load
Vs
G4
M4
(a)
(b)
(c)
Fig. 1 Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation
(a) Single Phase bridge inverter (b) Gate signal voltage and (c) Output Voltage
1. Objective :
To vary the speed of a single phase squirrel-cage induction motor by varying supple frequency
with the help of Pulse Width Modulator (PWM) based Inverter.
(Note: to change the frequency we change the resistance of controlling circuit.)
In squirrel cage motor the number of poles are same as the Stator winding. So there is no
provision for changing the number of poles. But for wound rotor arrangement for changing the number of
poles in rotor is required, which complicates the machine. So it is only used for Squirrel cage induction
motor.
A simple but expensive arrangement for changing number of stator poles is to use two separate
winding which are wound for two different pole numbers. An economical and common alternative is to
use single stator winding divided into few coil groups. Changing the connections of these coil groups
change number of poles. Theoretically by dividing winding into a number of coil group and bringing out
terminals of these group a number of arrangements of different pole numbers is obtained.
connected in series. The coils can be made to carry currents in the given directions by connecting coil
groups either in series or parallel as shown in figure B and C. With this connection machine has six poles.
If the current through the coil group a-b is reversed [Fig. 3(a)], then all coils will produce north poles.
Fluxes coming out of the north poles will now find paths through Interpol spaces for going out
consequently producing south poles in Interpol spaces. The machine will now have 12 poles. Here again
the direction of current through coils can be obtained by connecting two sections a-b and c-d either in
series or parallel for both pole numbers 6 and 12.
Further three phases of the machine can be connected to form delta or star connection by
choosing a suitable combination of series and parallel connection between coil groups of each phase, and
star and delta connection in each phase, speed change can be obtained with constant power or variable
torque operation. Connections and speed-torque curves for these operations are shown in Figs. 4 to 6.
1
2
get overheated. The method therefore is not suitable for speed control. It has a limited use for motor
driving fan type load whose torque requirement is proportional to the square of speed. It is a commonly
used method for ceiling fans driven by single-phase induction motors that have large standstill impedance
limiting the current drawn by the stator.
Now, it is evident that varying synchronous speed, which can vary by varying the supply
frequency, can vary the motor speed. Voltage induced in stator is proportional to the product of supply
frequency f s and air-gap flux m .
E 4.44 k w m f sT ps
If stator drop is neglected, then E is equal to V. Then the supply voltage will become proportional to f s
and m .
V 4.44k w m f sT ps
Any reduction in the supply frequency f s keeping the supply voltage constant causes the
increase of air-gap flux m . Induction motors designed to operate at the knee point of the magnetization
characteristic to make a full use of magnetic material. Therefore, the increase in flux will saturate the
motor. This will increase the magnetizing current and distort the line current and voltage, increase in core
loss and stator I 2 R loss and produce a high-pitch acoustic noise. Also, a decrease in flux is also avoided
to retain the torque capability of motor. Therefore, variable frequency control below rated frequency is
generally carried out at rated air gap flux by varying supply voltage with frequency so as to maintain
V
f
4.2 Disadvantage :
The main disadvantages of PWM circuits are the added complexity and the possibility of
generating radio frequency interference (RFI). Locating the controller near the load, using short leads,
and in some cases, using additional filtering on the power supply leads, may minimize RFI.
1. Water plant.
2. Conveyer belt.
3. Lift.
Etc.
pulse is sending from the control circuit. The variable frequency helps to vary the timing of trigger of
inverter, which varies the frequency of the supply of induction machine.
7. Components :
Sl. No.
1.
Name
OPAMP (741)
2.
GATE
(7405, 7408)
3.
5.
OPTOCOUPLER
(MCT2E)
POWER
MOSFET
(IRF720)
RESISTOR
5.
POT
6.
CAPACITOR
4.
Components
Character in Project
It is the heart of the project. By using
this we produce controlling pulses
(comparing sinusoidal & triangular).
It is used to design the comparator
circuit. 75LS05N known as Logic
inverter is used to invert the square
pulse of 50 Hz. Then 75LS08N
known as Logic AND Gate is used to
ANDing the square pulse with the
output of the OPAMP in which sine
wave and triangular carrier pulse is
compared.
To isolate the triggering pulses for
buffering and then for sending to the
inverter circuit.
We use to build inverter bridge by
which we invert the DC voltage into
AC voltage by using gate pulse.
To build controlling circuit we use
external
resistor
of
different
specification, sometimes for getting
desired time constant and sometimes
for getting different gain for opamp
output.
It is variable resistance which is used
to change frequency & leveling the
pulses over a base line.
To generate sinusoidal and triangular
pulse using opamp, capacitor
charging and discharging phenomena
is used from which we get square
wave and then by using second order
low-pass filter and integrator we get
sinusoidal and triangular wave.
Industrial Specification
Given in data sheet.
Given in data sheet.
47.5 k, 2 M
10 nF, 100 nF.
2.
Quantity
Name
Bread Board
3.
Cutter
4.
Plus
4
As required
1
1
Quantity
4
As required
1
1
1
10
Square wave
(5 kHz)
Sine Wave
(variable
frequency)
Second order
Low pass filter
Integrator
Inverter
Triangular
Wave
(5 kHz)
Comparator
B
L
O
C
K
D
I
A
G
R
A
M
Inverted
Sine Wave
(variable
frequency)
Logic
AND
Comparator
Logic
AND
Logic
Inverter
Pulse
Pulse
OptoIsolator
+
D.C.
OptoIsolator
1 2 3 4
Inverter
Motor
11
12
75%
U1
4
2
6
3
7
C1
V1
100nF
12V
R3
741
100kOhm_5%
R2
10kOhm_5%
V3
12V
(a)
(b)
Fig. 7 Square Wave Generator
square wave
of
variable frequency
Then the square wave is filtered through a second-order low pass filter made by another OP-AMP
to generate the required sine wave of 50 Hz. To vary the frequency of sine wave, just vary the frequency
of square wave through the POT. The function of the second-order low pass filter with an OP-AMP is
describe below
The schematic diagram of a second order low-pass filter is shown below -V
R
R
Square wave
of variable
frequency
4
2
R1
741
Sine wave
of variable
frequency
3
7
+V
H s
vo
v
RC 2
RC
RC
in
K02
s 2 0 s 02
Q
K
Q 0
1
, Q = 1.
RC
The second-order low pass filter with specified components and its output is given in Fig.
where K = 2, 0 =
14
R2
R6
200kOhm_5%
C2
100nF
200kOhm_5% 49.9kOhm_1%
R7
R5
1kohm
U1
6
3
C1 100nF
1kohm
R3
U3
R1
2
6
sine wave
741
49%
50kOhm
Key = c
741
V2
12V
V1
12V
R4
1kohm
(a)
(b)
Fig. 9 Second order Low-pass Filter
(a) Circuitry with specified components and (b) Output Waveform
Now with the help of another OP-AMP, an inverting amplifier (described below) is made, which
inverts the sine wave at a phase shift 180. Here another POT of value 50 k is used to maintain the same
level of two sine waves (actual and inverted).
The connection method for producing the inverted gain using OP-AMP is called inverting
amplifier. The OP-AMP makes use of single resistor (r 1) and a single feedback resistor (r 2). The inverting
amplifier produces a phase shift of 180 in voltage from input to output. Thus the input and output
signals of the inverting amplifier are not in phase with each other.
We know that OP-AMP gain without any feedback is very high. This means that the voltage at
the inverting terminal must be small. As a matter of fact, the input voltage at the inverting terminal will be
very nearly at the same potential as the non-inverting terminal. Now since the non-inverting input is
15
grounded, the inverting input of an OP-AMP is also at the ground potential and is referred to as virtual
ground.
-V
r2
r1
2
Actual
sine wave of
variable frequency
741
3
7
Inverted
sine wave of
variable frequency
+V
2
input voltage
vin
r1
The inverting amplifier circuit with specified components and its output is given in Fig.
R2
1kohm
1kohm
U1
R1
2
6
3
V1
12V
5 741
V2
12V
(a)
16
(b)
Fig. 11 Inverting Amplifier
(a) Required Circuitry and (b) Output Waveform (inverted sine wave)
After adjusting the level of two sine waves by the POT 50 k, the obtained output is as below
Fig. 12 Two variable Sine Waves (actual and inverted) in a same oscilloscope
Thereafter another square wave of fixed frequency (about 5 kHz) is generated. The necessary
circuit arrangement and its output are given below
17
R3
10kOhm_5%
U1
4
2
6
3
7
C1
10nF
R1
741
high frequency
square wave
100kOhm_5%
V1
12V
R2
10kOhm_5%
V2
12V
(a)
(b)
Fig. 13 High Frequency Square Wave Generator
(a) Required Circuitry and (b) Output Waveform
Integrating this high frequency square wave, the triangular wave (also called carrier signal) is
generated. The description of integrator circuit with an OP-AMP is as follows
Integrator is a circuit whose output is proportional to the area of its input waveform. The RC
circuit itself acts as a simple integrator. But the problem with such a simple circuit is that the output
voltage is not a linear triangular output as it should be. The function of the OP-AMP is to linearize the
output. It may be noted from the diagram that the inverting input to the OP-AMP is held at virtual ground
by the differential amplifier in the OP-AMP input circuit.
18
R2
-V
C
4
Square wave of
high frequency
R1
741
Triangular wave
of high frequency
3
7
+V
Fig. 14 Integrator
The second-order low pass filter with specified components and its output is given in Fig.
R2
15kOhm_5%
C1
4
100nF
R1 1kohm
U1
square wave
(high frequency)
6
V1
3
7
12V
V2
12V
(a)
5 741
triangular wave
(carrier signal)
(b)
Fig. 15 Integrator circuit with specified components
(a) Required Circuitry and (b) Output Waveform
19
Now two sine waves (actual and inverted) and the triangular wave (carrier signal) are compared
using two OP-AMPs. The comparator circuit using OP-AMP is as follows
The comparator is a circuit that is used to compare two voltages and provide an output indicating
the relationship between two voltages. Generally speaking, comparators are used to compare either,
(i)
Two changing voltages to each other, as comparing two sine waves.
(ii)
A changing voltage to a set D.C. reference voltage.
Figure shows the circuit of an OP-AMP comparator. It may be noted that there is no feedback path in the
circuit. In this circuit the sine wave (actual and inverted) is applied to the inverting input terminal and
high frequency triangular carrier signal is applied to the inverting terminal of the OP-AMP.
-V
sine wave
triangular wave
R
2
741
3
7
+V
Fig. 16 Comparator
The simulation circuit and its outputs are given below
Output after
comparison
1kohm
R3
1kohm
U1
R1
2
output of comparator I
3
7
741
triangular wave
1kohm
R4
1kohm
U2
R2
2
output of comparator II
3
7
V1
741
12V
V2
12V
(a)
20
(b)
(c)
Fig. 17 Comparator circuit with specified component
(a) Required Circuitry, (b) Output Waveform of Comparator I
and (c) Output Waveform of Comparator II
At last the output of the first comparator is ANDed with the square wave of variable frequency by
using chip 7408 and the output of the second comparator is ANDed with the inverted square wave of
variable frequency (inverted by using logic inverter 7404) to generate the triggering pulse for triggering
the POWER MOSFETs. The simulation circuit of ANDing and its outputs are given in the figure below
21
square wave
(variable frequency)
U1A
1
output pulse
74LS08N
comparator
output I
U2A
74LS04N
2
U1B
comparator
output II
output pulse
74LS08N
(a)
(b)
Fig. 18 ANDing the output of Comparator I and II with Variable Square Wave
(a) Required Circuitry and (b) Output Pulses
The pulses are isolated trough four opto-couplers, so that each POWER MOSFET of the inverter
bridge is being triggered separately. The opto-couplers connections and the outputs of four opto couplers,
i.e., individual triggering pulses for each MOEFET are shown in Figs. below
22
U4
output of
AND (7408)
pin no - 3
To MOSFET M1
V1
12V
R4
1.0kOhm_5%
U1
To MOSFET M2
V2
12V
R3
1.0kOhm_5%
U2
To MOSFET M3
output of
AND (7408)
pin no - 6
V3
12V
R2
1.0kOhm_5%
U3
To MOSFET M4
V4
12V
R1
1.0kOhm_5%
(a)
(b)
23
(c)
(d)
(e)
Vdc
Vac
230
537 V
0.612ma
0.612 0.7
But 270 V D.C. source is available in the laboratory, so the maximum voltage can be applied to
the motor terminal is
Vac 0.612 0.7 270 116 V
lower part of the sinusoidal supply appears across the load. The Inverter circuit and its output is given in
the following Figs.
triggering pulse
from opto-coupler 3
M1
M3
output (phase)
neutral
triggering pulse
from opto-coupler 1
270V
R1
L1
1.0kOhm_5%1.0uH
triggering pulse
from opto-coupler 4
M4
C1
2.0nF
C2
2.0nF
M2
triggering pulse
from opto-coupler 2
(a)
(b)
Fig. 20 Circuitry of the total Power Part
(a) Inverter Bridge and (b) Output of the Inverter, fed to the motor
Now we get the desired A.C. supply for motor. Here every MOSFET is become ON when the amplitude
of the gate pulse is 3.8V 4V.
26
Power =
1
12
hp;
Current = 0.85 A;
Voltage = 230 V;
Speed = 6500 r.p.m.;
Power factor = 0.8
(a)
(b)
Fig. 21 Loading Part
(a) The Single Phase Induction Motor and (b) Rating of the Motor
As we know that in single phase the alternating phases are absent due to
which the rotating flux is not generated; so rotation of the rotor is not possible.
For that reason permanent split capacitor is used to generate two balanced
phases, due to which a rotating flux generated. There are several types of singlephase motors in market but permanent capacitor type motors are used because here
two balanced phases generate rotating flux for which the backward rotating flux is
absent.
Due to which motor become more efficient and operated in better power
factor. This type of load is used in ceiling fans and table fans now a day.
In our project, the two phases coming from Inverter Bridge is fed to the
load where any one phase is earthed; so that it acts as neutral in single-phase
supply. By this supply starting torque is generated and the motor starts to rotate.
27
Name
Oscilloscope
Digital
Multimeter
Description of Tools
Use
To get the response of the parts of the
control circuit.
To measure the voltage, Resistances used,
capacitor used, in the circuit. Also to verify
whether parts of the circuit is active or not.
Specification
230 V, 20 MHz
Resistance = upto 400 k
Voltage = 0 to 1000 V
Capacitor = 0 nF to 10 uF
V
f
should be
constant under base frequency. But here we cant vary voltage and frequency
simultaneously so we vary frequency only over base frequency to do the speed
variation]
Frequency
(above) 50 Hz
(above) 50 Hz
5 kHz
5 kHz
-
Voltage (V)
11 (p-p)
7 (p-p)
11 (p-p)
10 (p-p)
4.5
28
15. Precautions :
To do this project various types of problems appear in front of us those are
as follows with solve,
(i)
First of all things, connection should be correct and perfect.
(ii)
During soldering careful about burning hazards.
(iii)
Use chip base to prevent the burning of chip due to direct
soldering.
(iv)
Soldering should be done in right process otherwise there may
appear short-circuit among pins and connecting wires.
(v)
Use Multi-Striped wire to prevent loose connection after soldering.
(vi)
All the open contacts should be closed to prevent shock hazards.
(vii)
Take measures to minimize the noise in the signal; like using
capacitor to block the noise.
16. Inference :
After finishing the simulation of the circuit by using Multisim software,
we get the specific results and wave forms when we design the circuit part by part
like square wave generator, then second order filter, then we get sinusoidal pulse.
Again square wave generator of high frequency pulse, then integrator and we get
carrier signal triangular pulse. But in the case of hardware design, many
difficulties will occur such as frequency is not in the proper range, many noises in
the required wave form etc. and so we use capacitors and resistors in much more
quantity than that used in software.
From all the above analysis and waveforms, we conclude that if we vary
the POT of Fig. 7(a), the frequency of the Square wave of Fig. 7(b) changed as the
time constant RC will be changed. So the frequency of the sine wave will also vary
and as well as comparison of Sine wave with the triangular wave will vary and the
frequency of the pulses which trigger the MOSFETs will also vary and at last we
will get the variable inverter output.
But, we know that, frequency control below base speed can carry out by
keeping
V
ratio constant. Since there is no such option to vary the supply voltage
f
with its frequency, so the frequency as well as the speed of the motor is varied
above the base speed.
DATASHEET OF OPERATIONAL
AMPLIFIER (OP-AMP) LM741
August 2000
2)
LM741A
LM741
22V
22V
LM741C
18V
output,
when
the common mode
range is ex500
mW no latch-up 500
mW
500 mW
ceeded, as well as freedom
from oscillations.
Differential
Input Voltage
30V
30V
30V
The LM741 series
are general
purpose operational
The LM741C is identical to the LM741/LM741A except that
amplifi- ers which
feature
15V
15V
Input
Voltageimproved
(Note 4) performance over 15V
the LM741C has their performance guaranteed over a 0C to
industry stan- dards like the LM709. They are direct, plug-in
Output Short Circuit Duration
Continuous
Continuous
+70C temperatureContinuous
range, instead of 55C
to +125C.
replacements for the 709C, LM201, MC1439 and 748 in
55C to +125C
55C to +125C
0C to +70C
most applications. Operating Temperature Range
General Description
Storage
Range
65C to +150C
The amplifiers offer
manyTemperature
features which
make their application nearly foolproof:
overload
protection on the input and
Junction
Temperature
150C
65C to +150C
150C
100C
260C
260C
Soldering Information
Connection N-Package
Diagrams
(10 seconds)
260C
300C
300C
300C
Dual-In-Line or S.O. Package
215C
215C
215C
215C
215C
215C
See AN-450 Surface Mounting Methods and Their Effect on Product Reliability for other methods of
soldering
surface mount devices.
ESD Tolerance (Note 8)
400V
Electrical Characteristics
(Note 5)
Order Number
LM741H, LM741H/883
(Note 1),
Parameter
Conditions
LM741AH/883 or LM741CH
See NS Package Number H08C
Input Offset Voltage
TA = 25C
Ceramic Flatpak
RS 10 k
400V
00934103
00934102
400V
RS 50
Min
Typ
Max
1.0
5.0
Min
Units
Typ
Max
Typ
Max
0.8
3.0
2.0
6.0
mV
4.0
mV
mV
TAMIN TA TAMAX
RS 50
RS 10 k
6.0
00934106
7.5
15
mV
V/C
10
15
15
mV
Adjustment Range
Typical
Application
Input Offset
Current
TA = 25C
3.0
TAMIN TA TAMAX
Offset Nulling Circuit
Average Input Offset
30
20
200
70
85
500
20
200
300
0.5
nA
nA
nA/C
Current Drift
Input Bias Current
TA = 25C
30
TAMIN TA TAMAX
Input Resistance
80
80
0.210
TA = 25C, VS = 20V
1.0
TAMIN TA TAMAX,
0.5
6.0
500
80
1.5
0.3
2.0
500
0.8
0.3
2.0
nA
A
M
M
VS = 20V
Input Voltage Range
TA = 25C
00934107
12
TAMIN TA TAMAX
2004
www.national.com
National Semiconductor Corporation
DS009341
12
13
13
V
V
www.national.com
Electrical Characteristics
Parameter
(Note 5) (Continued)
Conditions
LM741A
Min
Typ
LM741
Max
Min
Typ
LM741C
Max
Min
Typ
Units
Max
TA = 25C, RL 2 k
VS = 20V, VO = 15V
50
V/mV
VS = 15V, VO = 10V
50
200
20
200
V/mV
TAMIN TA TAMAX,
RL 2 k,
VS = 20V, VO = 15V
32
VS = 15V, VO = 10V
VS = 5V, VO = 2V
VS = 20V
10
V/mV
16
15
RL 10 k
RL 2 k
V/mV
25
15
V/mV
VS = 15V
12
10
RL 10 k
RL 2 k
Output Short Circuit
TA = 25C
10
Current
TAMIN TA TAMAX
10
Common-Mode
TAMIN TA TAMAX
Rejection Ratio
RS 10 k, VCM = 12V
RS 50, VCM = 12V
TAMIN TA TAMAX,
Ratio
VS = 20V to VS = 5V
RS 50
25
35
95
86
96
14
13
25
mA
V
mA
90
70
90
dB
dB
dB
77
96
77
96
dB
Overshoot
Bandwidth (Note 6)
TA = 25C
Slew Rate
Supply Current
TA = 25C
Power Consumption
TA = 25C
0.25
0.8
0.3
0.3
6.0
20
0.5
0.5
0.437
1.5
0.3
0.7
MHz
1.7
VS = 20V
80
2.8
1.7
V/s
2.8
150
VS = 15V
LM741
25
70
80
Rise Time
LM741A
12
10
40
RS 10 k
Transient Response
14
13
mA
mW
50
85
50
85
mW
VS = 20V
TA = TAMIN
165
mW
TA = TAMAX
135
mW
VS = 15V
TA = TAMIN
60
100
mW
Note 2: Absolute Maximum Ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. Operating Ratings indicate conditions for which the device is
functional, but do not guarantee specific performance limits.
www.national.com
Electrical Characteristics
(Note 5) (Continued)
Note 3: For operation at elevated temperatures, these devices must be derated based on thermal resistance, and Tj max. (listed under Absolute Maximum
Ratings). Tj = TA + (jA PD).
Cerdip (J)
DIP (N)
HO8 (H)
SO-8 (M)
jA (Junction to Ambient)
Thermal Resistance
100C/W
100C/W
170C/W
195C/W
(Junction to Case)
N/A
N/A
25C/W
N/A
jC
Note 4: For supply voltages less than 15V, the absolute maximum input voltage is equal to the supply voltage.
Note 5: Unless otherwise specified, these specifications apply for VS = 15V, 55C TA +125C (LM741/LM741A). For the LM741C/LM741E, these
specifications are limited to 0C TA +70C.
Note 6: Calculated value from: BW (MHz) = 0.35/Rise Time(s).
Note 7: For military specifications see RETS741X for LM741 and RETS741AX for LM741A.
Note 8: Human body model, 1.5 k in series with 100 pF.
Schematic Diagram
00934101
www.national.com
November 1988
Revised February 2005
74AC08 74ACT08
Quad 2-Input AND Gate
General Description
Features
Ordering Code:
Order Number
Package
Package Description
Number
74AC08SC
M14A
14-Lead Small Outline Integrated Circuit (SOIC), JEDEC MS-012, 0.150" Narrow
74AC08SJ
M14D
Pb-Free 14-Lead Small Outline Package (SOP), EIAJ TYPE II, 5.3mm Wide
74AC08MTC
MTC14
14-Lead Thin Shrink Small Outline Package (TSSOP), JEDEC MO-153, 4.4mm Wide
74AC08MTCX_NL
(Note 1)
MTC14
Pb-Free 14-Lead Thin Shrink Small Outline Package (TSSOP), JEDEC MO-153, 4.4mm
Wide
74AC08PC
N14A
74AC08PC_NL
(Note 1)
N14A
Pb-Free 14-Lead Plastic Dual-In-Line Package (PDIP), JEDEC MS-001, 0.300" Wide
74ACT08SC
M14A
14-Lead Small Outline Integrated Circuit (SOIC), JEDEC MS-012, 0.150" Narrow
74ACT08SCX_NL
(Note 1)
M14A
Pb-Free 14-Lead Small Outline Integrated Circuit (SOIC), JEDEC MS-012, 0.150" Narrow
74ACT08MTC
MTC14
14-Lead Thin Shrink Small Outline Package (TSSOP), JEDEC MO-153, 4.4mm Wide
74ACT08MTCX_NL
(Note 1)
MTC14
Pb-Free 14-Lead Thin Shrink Small Outline Package (TSSOP), JEDEC MO-153, 4.4mm
Wide
74ACT08PC
N14A
74ACT08PC_NL
(Note 1)
N14A
Pb-Free 14-Lead Plastic Dual-In-Line Package (PDIP), JEDEC MS-001, 0.300" Wide
Device also available in Tape and Reel. Specify by appending suffix letter X to the ordering code. (PC not available in Tape and Reel.)
Pb-Free package per JEDEC J-STD-020B.
Note 1: _NL indicates Pb-Free package (per JEDEC J-STD-020B). Use this number to order device.
Logic Symbol
Connection Diagram
IEEE/IEC
Pin Descriptions
Pin Names
Description
An , Bn
Inputs
On
Outputs
DS009914
www.fairchildsemi.com
0.5V to 7.0V
0.5V
VCC
Recommended Operating
Conditions
20 mA
0.5V
AC
20 mA
0.5V to VCC
0.5V
VO
VCC
0V to VCC
0.5V
0.5V
4.5V to 5.5V
2.0V to 6.0V
ACT
0V to VCC
20 mA
20 mA
0.5V to VCC
0.5V
40qC to 85qC
AC Devices
DC Output Source
r50 mA
125 mV/ns
r50 mA
ACT Devices
65qC to 150qC
PDIP
140qC
125 mV/ns
Note 2: Absolute maximum ratings are those values beyond which damage
to the device may occur. The databook specifications should be met, without exception, to ensure that the system design is reliable over its
power supply, temperature, and output/input loading variables. Fairchild
does not recommend operation of FACT circuits outside databook
VIL
VOH
VOL
Parameter
VCC
TA
25qC
TA
40qC to 85qC
(V)
Typ
Guaranteed Limits
3.0
1.5
2.1
2.1
Input Voltage
4.5
2.25
3.15
3.15
5.5
2.75
3.85
3.85
Units
Conditions
VOUT
0.1V
or VCC
3.0
1.5
0.9
0.9
4.5
2.25
1.35
1.35
or VCC
5.5
2.75
1.65
1.65
3.0
2.99
2.9
2.9
Output Voltage
4.5
4.49
4.4
4.4
IOUT
5.5
5.49
5.4
5.4
3.0
2.56
2.46
4.5
3.86
3.76
5.5
4.86
4.76
VOUT
VIL or VIH
12 mA
IOH
24 mA
IOH
24 mA (Note 3)
IOUT
50 PA
0.002
0.1
0.1
Output Voltage
4.5
0.001
0.1
0.1
5.5
0.001
0.1
0.1
3.0
0.36
0.44
4.5
0.36
0.44
5.5
0.36
0.44
5.5
r0.1
r1.0
PA
VI
75
IIN
Maximum Input
(Note 5)
Leakage Current
IOLD
Minimum Dynamic
5.5
IOHD
5.5
ICC
Maximum Quiescent
5.5
(Note 5)
Supply Current
2.0
VIN
VIL or VIH
IOL
12 mA
IOL
24 mA
IOL
24 mA (Note 3)
VCC, GND
mA
VOLD
75
mA
VOHD
20.0
PA
VIN
1.65V Max
3.85V Min
VCC
or GND
Note 3: All outputs loaded; thresholds on input associated with output under test.
Note 4: Maximum test duration 2.0 ms, one output loaded at a time.
Note 5: IIN and ICC @ 3.0V are guaranteed to be less than or equal to the respective limit @ 5.5V VCC.
www.fairchildsemi.com
50 PA
IOH
3.0
0.1V
VIN
0.1V
VCC
Parameter
TA
25qC
TA
40qC to 85qC
(V)
Typ
4.5
1.5
2.0
2.0
Input Voltage
5.5
1.5
2.0
2.0
VIL
4.5
1.5
0.8
0.8
Input Voltage
5.5
1.5
0.8
0.8
VOH
4.5
4.49
4.4
4.4
Output Voltage
5.5
5.49
5.4
5.4
VIH
VOL
Units
Guaranteed Limits
4.5
3.86
3.76
5.5
4.86
4.76
4.5
0.001
0.1
0.1
Output Voltage
5.5
0.001
0.1
0.1
4.5
0.36
0.44
V
V
V
Conditions
VOUT
0.1V
or VCC
0.1V
VOUT
0.1V
or VCC
0.1V
IOUT
50 PA
VIN
VIL or VIH
IOH
24 mA
IOH
24 mA (Note 6)
IOUT
50 PA
VIN
VIL or VIH
IOL
24 mA
IOL
24 mA (Note 6)
5.5
0.36
0.44
IIN
5.5
r0.1
r1.0
PA
VI
VCC, GND
ICCT
Maximum ICC/Input
5.5
1.5
mA
VI
VCC
IOLD
5.5
75
mA
VOLD
IOHD
(Note 7)
5.5
mA
VOHD
ICC
Maximum Quiescent
0.6
75
5.5
Supply Current
4.0
40.0
PA
VIN
2.1V
1.65V Max
3.85V Min
VCC
or GND
Note 6: All outputs loaded; thresholds on input associated with output under test.
Note 7: Maximum test duration 2.0 ms, one output loaded at a time.
Parameter
Propagation Delay
tPHL
Propagation Delay
VCC
TA
25qC
(V)
CL
50 pF
TA
40qC to 85qC
CL
50 pF
(Note 8)
Min
Typ
Max
Min
Max
3.3
1.5
7.5
9.5
1.0
10.0
5.0
1.5
5.5
7.5
1.0
8.5
3.3
1.5
7.0
8.5
1.0
9.0
5.0
1.5
5.5
7.0
1.0
7.5
Units
ns
ns
Parameter
VCC
TA
25qC
(V)
CL
50 pF
TA
40qC to 85qC
CL
50 pF
(Note 9)
Min
Typ
Max
Min
Max
Units
tPLH
Propagation Delay
5.0
1.0
6.5
9.0
1.0
10.0
ns
tPHL
Propagation Delay
5.0
1.0
6.5
9.0
1.0
10.0
ns
Capacitance
Typ
Units
CIN
Symbol
Input Capacitance
Parameter
4.5
pF
VCC
OPEN
CPD
20.0
pF
VCC
5.0V
Conditions
www.fairchildsemi.com
DATASHEET OF OPTOCOUPLER
MCT2E
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Nisit K. De, Prasanta K. Sen Electric Drives, Prentice-Hall of
India Private Limited.
7.
M. Morris Mano Digital Logic and Computer Design, PrenticeHall of India Private Limited.
8.
Dr. P. S. Bimbhra Generalized Theory of Electrical Machines,
Khanna Publishers.
9.
10.