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Cultura Documentos
Manufacturing
Commissioning
Mechanical impacts
transformer condition
100 %
Maintain OLTC
our transformer
Operation
Replacement
Aging
>> overloading
>> overheating
>> moisture
Protection problems
ondition
Replace parts
Processing of insulation
>> bushings
>> surge arresters
>> gaskets
>> pumps, fans, etc.
Part
Bushings
Bushing CTs
Insulation materials
Leads
OLTC
Windings
Core
Surge arresters
4
Faults detectable
Partial discharges
Contact problems
Mechanical deformation
Mechanical deformation
Strand-to-strand short-circuits
Mechanical deformation
Measurement
Current transformer
testing instrument:
see CT Analyzer brochure
Dynamic resistance
Watt-loss and current
measurement
Partial discharge
analysis system:
see pages 26-29
DC winding resistance
Power factor / dissipation factor
Tip up test
Variable frequency power factor /
dissipation factor
Frequency response of stray losses
Frequency response
analysis instrument:
see pages 24-25
Exciting current
Dielectric response
analysis instrument:
see pages 22-23
Transformer
diagnostic set:
see pages 6-21
1) Power factor / dissipation factor measurements at 50 Hz or 60 Hz can detect high moisture contents, but have a blind spot for low moisture contents. Measuring power factor /
dissipation factor at lower frequencies, such as 15 Hz, improves sensitivity. The most sensitive
5 method to determine moisture in solid insulation is dielectric response analysis. 2) If the
core ground can be opened.
All in one: the multi-functional transformer test set CPC 100 + CP TD1
RHV
RLV
V
TR
Leakage reactance/short-circuit
impedance measurement instrument
mechanical?
I
V
TR
I
V
TR
Output
Measurement
Precision
Weight
12 kV
800 A AC
400 ADC
16 Hz ... 400 Hz
V, I, P, Q, S
Cp: 1 pF ... 3 F
dissipation factor / power factor
resistance: 0,5 ... 20 k
CPC 100:
CP TD1:
VP
VS
TR
TR
IR
IC
V
Insulation
of units
29 kg / 65 lbs
26 kg / 56 lbs
Power supply
Trolley
20 m / 65 feet
double screen
insulation supervision
to conveniently transport:
CPC 100,
CP TD1,
measurement cable,
high voltage cable
Bushings
OLTC
Leads
Insulation materials
Windings
Core
Equivalent circuits *)
f
Typical loss shapes in 15 Hz ... 400 Hz range
g explosion
Type
Insulation
IEEE C57.10.01
IEC 60137
RIP
0.3 - 0.4
< 0.85
< 0.70
OIP
0.2 - 0.4
< 0.50
< 0.70
RBP
0.5 - 0.6
< 2.00
< 1.50
center conductor
CI
CJ
LV
Modular equipment
The modular equipment (CPC100: 29 kg / 65lbs,
CP TD1: 26kg / 56lbs) can be easily transported
thanks to its sturdy cases, which can also be used
to place the instruments onto them for working
at a comfortable height, as shown on page 12.
IN A
CL
10
Your Benets
> Perfect digitally generated sine wave
test signal that is independent from
power quality and line frequency
> Laboratory precision for on-site use:
<0.05 % error for capacitance Cp
> Portability (CPC 100: 29 kg / 65 lbs,
CPTD1: 26 kg / 56 lbs)
> Mobility through the use of a
specialized trolley
> Ruggedness and ergonomic design:
transport cases with wheels bring
equipment to appropriate working
height (see page12)
CHL
HV
CH
11
Bushings
OLTC
Leads
Insulation materials
Windings
Core
IP
VP
V P / V S = N P / NS
Principal test setup
Setup for automatically measuring ratio and resistance per tap (see page 16)
12
VS
TR
The winding ratio between primary and secondary windings is measured for each transformer
leg, applying high voltage at the HV side and
measuring on the LV side. The ratio of these
voltages, equalling the turns ratio, is calculated.
Results are compared with name-plate values
and across phases.
Your Benets
> Powerful AC voltage source,
controllable from 0 to 2000 V
> A perfect digitally generated sine wave
test signal that is independent from
the quality of the mains wave form
13
Bushings
OLTC
Leads
Insulation materials
Windings
Core
Winding resistance measurements are performed for assessing possible winding damage.
It is also used to check the On-Load Tap Changer
(OLTC) - to know when to clean or replace
OLTC contacts, or to know when to replace or
refurbish the OLTC itself, which has a shorter life
span than the active part of thetransformer.
In the factory, this measurement is performed to
calculate the I2R component of conductor losses
and to calculate winding temperature at the end
of a temperature test.
Burn-off at a diverter switch
14
Switching process
Your Benets
> Convenient and quick testing by using
OLTC operation as a trigger for the next
tap measurement
> Additional condition assessment of the
individual OLTC taps through dynamic
resistance measurement, recorded
as a part of classical resistance
measurement, without extra effort
> High accuracy and safe testing through
the use of a 4-wire connection. The
CPC 100 visually indicates when it is
safe to remove test leads, even if its
power supply is interrupted during
testing. If the test leads are removed
or interrupted accidentally, the test
current will flow through the voltage
path, preventing dangerous overvoltages. If the CP SA1 accessory is in
use during such an accidental
interruption of test leads, damage to
the CPC 100 will be prevented.
15
Automatically measuring ratio & winding resistance of all taps and all
Using the CPSB1 accessory, the CPC100 can automatically
Faster
Safer
Ratio measurement
The CPC100 only requires the user to enter ratio and the
vector group to measure the ratio and the exciting current
for each tap of each phase automatically. For each tap,
results are compared to the specified ratio and the
deviations are displayed.
LV
16
phases
OLTC
HV
Your Benets
> Several times faster than conventional
wiring technique:
- minimum wiring, only once for
all connections
- automatic discharging of the windings between measurements
- automatic tap changer operation
> Increased safety: no repeated climbing
up and down the transformer
> Simple workflow: a single, automatic
measurement for determining ratio
and exciting current, as well as static
and dynamic winding resistance
> Prevention of wiring errors: prior to
the measurement, wiring plausibility is
automatically checked
> Comprehensive automatic reporting
for all phases and taps
control
17
Bushings
OLTC
Leads
Insulation materials
Windings
Core
18
Leakage flux
Your Benets
> A perfect digitally generated sine wave
test signal that is independent from
power quality
HV
LV
LV
HV
19
20
4 Fully PC operated
PTM enables you to control and
operate the connected test set
directly from a computer.
Results are automatically stored and
organized in the database on your
PC and are available for analysis and
reporting. Therefore, there is no
need to retrieve test results or files
from the test equipment after
performing measurements.
5 Automatic assessment of
measurement results
Limit values can be set according to
current international standards and
guidelines. They are based on many
years of OMICRON expertise.
An automatic assessment of the test
results is displayed based on the
specified limit values. This allows a
fast, first assessment of your assets
condition.
21
Bushings
OLTC
Leads
Insulation materials
Windings
Core
Dissipation Factor
1
0,1
0,01
0,001
0,001 Hz
1 Hz
22
1000 Hz
response
Frequency
f range
duration
DIRANA
comprehensive
~ 2.9 h
FDS
comprehensive
~ 6.0 h
PDC
limited
~ 5.5 h
Your Benets
> Insulation condition assessment
concerning moisture / aging of
cellulose and oil conductivity
> Automatic result evaluation according
to IEC60422 (dry, moderately wet, wet,
extremely wet), indicating if further
actions are required
> Completely non-invasive measurement
> Minimum down-time: a measurement
can be performed directly after the
transformer has been shut down, as
equilibrium is not required
> Fast measurement through an
intelligent combination of methods
FDS and PDC, simultaneous
measurement with two input
channels and forecast algorithm
> Automatic compensation of the
influence of conductive aging byproducts avoiding overestimation
of moisture content
> Predefined tests for all transformer
types and bushings
> Step-by-step software guidance
> Also measure the insulation condition
of cables, generators, motors and
instrument transformers
23
Bushings
OLTC
Leads
Insulation materials
Windings
Core
24
Element forming
a unique
fingerprint
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
R L
R L
R L
R L
R L
R L
R L
R L
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
Your Benets
> Non-invasive detection of:
- Axial and radial winding deformation
- Displacements between high- and
low-voltage windings
- Partial winding collapse
- Shorted or open turns
- Faulty grounding of core or screens
- Core movement
- Broken clamping structures
- Problematic internal connections
25
Bushings
OLTC
Leads
Insulation materials
Windings
Core
conductor
C2
C3
C3
C1
void
oid
C2
insu
conductor
Digital lter
In the MPD 600 the classical analog bandpass
filter has been replaced by a digital filter using a
mathematical algorithm. Digital system design
eliminates aging effects and temperature drift
making measurements comparable and
reproducible by perfectly reproducing settings:
> the digital filter can be easily adapted
to the conditions on site by tuning its
center frequency and bandwith to minimize
disturbances with fixed frequency bands
> calibration values for charge and voltage
can be set directly on the laptop controlling
the test, fully reproducible during the next
measurement
Optical Isolation
Between individual PD acquisition units and between the acquisition units and the PC / laptop,
fiber-optics are used for the communication.
Communication with fiber-optics ensures a
continuous, disturbance-free transmission of
PD events and test voltage. The units are
supplied using a battery power supply. This
design provides complete galvanic isolation
between the individual components, minimizing
ground loops and so reducing interference.
26
ulation
Ccoupling
ment
Multi-channel measurement
Measuring simultaneously with several channels
with synchronization accuracy in the range of
nanoseconds has several advantages:
> it minimizes the time for which high voltage
has to be applied to a suspect transformer
and speeds up testing
> it allows for real-time de-noising of the data
to minimize the influence of disturbances,
and helps separating different sources of PD
and identifying the type of PD sources
PD acquisition unit
27
pd cluster
Separated noise
noise cluster
Your Benets
> Lightweight, scalable and
modular system
> High speed for the most
comprehensive testing
> Measuring all phases of a transformer
simultaneously with nanosecond
synchronicity
> High operator safety through optical
fibers galvanically isolated from the
PD acquisition units
> High sensitivity down to pico or even
femto Coulombs through effective
gating technology
> Separating PD sources and noise
through 3PARD / 3CFRD
> Improving the locating of PD and thus
assisting the user to make the right
follow-up decisions (e.g. if a
transformer can be repaired on-site)
29
Technical support
High quality technical support teams also
provide answers to questions on the use of the
equipment, and are the first point of contact
should a functional problem occur. If a repair is
necessary, repair times are short - typically in the
range of less than one or two weeks.
Dedicated events
OMICRON hosts the regular Diagnostic
Measurements on Power Transformers
Workshop. There, typically over a hundred
delegates from all over the world share and
discuss case studies and recent developments
in transformer diagnosis.
Themes include best practice experiences and
solutions in transformer testing presented by
customers and new technological developments
reported by OMICRON. Informal get togethers
aid peer exchange.
Several smaller events on related subjects
targeted on the particularities of specific
geographical regions are also offered
throughout the year.
Demonstration booth at dedicated event
30
Training courses
OMICRON training courses provide a solid
theoretical and practical background and
answer a clients individual questions. Training
courses are held at either the customers site,
online through a webinar, or in one of the
OMICRON training centers wordwide.
Your Benets
> Assistance in interpretation and
assessment of results
> Access to relevant training modules
> Dedicated conventions/conferences
> Technical assistance in equipment
usage from our technical support
teams
31
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