Hydraulic

Hybrid Vehicle Introduc3on

At the end of this video, you should be able to:
Describe the benets of a hybrid power train
Explain the benets and limita=ons of hydraulics for
hybrid power trains

Hybrid Vehicle Deni3on

Hybrid: A Vehicle with Two Sources of Power

Coupling an IC Engine with:

Electric Motor/Generator
Hydraulic Pump/Motor

Source: www.edmunds.com

Energy Storage:
Electric: BaKeries
Hydraulic: Hydro-Pneuma=c Accumulator
Other: Flywheels, Capacitors, Springs

Why Hybridize a Powertrain?

Recapture Kine=c Energy During Braking
Turn O Engine When Stopped
Run Engine at Peak Eciency
High Peak Power

Hydraulic vs. Electric Hybrid

Hydraulic Powertrain
Component Weight
Component Cost
Component Lifetime
Power Density
Energy Storage Density

Electric Powertrain

Best Applica3ons for Hydraulic Hybrid?

Typically Large Vehicles

Source: www.epa.gov

Source: www.cat.com

Source: www.riversidetransit.com

Source: www.parker.com

Hybrid Vehicle Example

Hydraulic Hybrid Vehicle Architectures

At the end of this video, you should be able to:
Describe the congura9on of parallel, series, and power-
split hybrid vehicle architectures
Explain the benets and limita9ons of the various hybrid
vehicle architectures

Hybrid Drive Train Architecture

Parallel

Series

Power-Split

Hybrid Architecture
-Parallel
Retains Exis9ng Mechanical Drive Train
Pump/Motor Co-Axial to Drive ShaH
Accumulator
Axle
Pump/Motor
Engine

Automatic
Trans

Source: www.epa.gov

Hybrid Architecture
-Series
Fully Hydraulic Transmission:
Decouple Engine Load from Road Load
Engine O Opera9on Possible

Accumulator
Accumulator

Manifold
Steering
cylinder

Pump
Engine
Engine

Steer
wheels

Pump

Axle
Differential

Motor

Pump/Motor
Reservoir

Drive
wheels

Work
circuit

Source: www.epa.gov

Series Demonstra;on
Science Museum of Minnesota

Hybrid Architecture
-Power Split
2 Power Paths:
Mechanical: High Eciency
Hydraulic: Innite Speed Variability
Accumulator
Pump/Motor
Axle
Engine
Clutch

Planetary
Mechanical
Transmission Differential

Power Split Couplings

Input Coupled:



Output Coupled:

How to Select Hybrid Architecture?

Drive Cycle Dependent
Cost / Eciency Trade-o
Complexity
Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule

30

Velocity (m/s)

25
20
15
10
5
0

200

400

600

800

Time (s)

1000

1200

1400

Data source: www.epa.gov

Hydraulic Hybrid Vehicles:

Component Sizing & System Simula;on
At the end of this video, you should be able to:
Size components for a hybrid power train
Create a hybrid power train simula<on
Explain the interac<on of components within a hybrid power train

Series Hydraulic Hybrid Passenger Car

Accumulator
Axle
Pump
Engine
Pump/Motor
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyota_Camry

25

Velocity (m/s)

Specs:
Mass = 1800 kg
Frontal Area = 2.3 m2
Drag Coe = 0.3
Tire Radius = 0.3 m
Rolling Resist Coe = 0.01

Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule

30

20
15
10
5
0

200

400

600

800

Time (s)

1000

1200

1400

Series Hydraulic Hybrid Refuse Truck

Accumulator
Axle
Pump
Engine
Pump/Motor

Source: green.autoblog.com

25

Velocity (m/s)

Specs:
Mass = 20,000 kg
Frontal Area = 7 m2
Drag Coe = 0.7
Tire Radius = 0.5 m
Rolling Resist Coe = 0.01

Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule

30

20
15
10
5
0

200

400

600

800

Time (s)

1000

1200

1400

Component Sizing: Accumulator

Store all energy from 20 m/s braking
Assump<ons:
Isothermal
2:1 Pressure ra<o
Pmax = 35 MPa
Neglect ineciency
Ekinetic = Eaccumulator

P
1 2
mv = PchargeVaccum ln ( r ) , Pcharge = max
2
2

Vaccum

mv 2
=
= 0.030 m3
Pmax ln ( r )

Specs:
Mass = 1800 kg
Frontal Area = 2.3 m2
Drag Coe = 0.3
Tire Radius = 0.3 m
Rolling Resist Coe = 0.01

Component Sizing: Trac;on Pump/Motor

Size for peak accelera<on (1.5 m/s2)
Assump<ons:
Neglect ineciency
Neglect road loads
Direct drive of 1 wheel
Peak power at minimum pressure

Faccel

T
= = ma T = 810 Nm
r

PD
2 T
4 m3
T=
D=
= 2.9*10
rev
2
Pmin

Specs:
Mass = 1800 kg
Frontal Area = 2.3 m2
Drag Coe = 0.3
Tire Radius = 0.3 m
Rolling Resist Coe = 0.01

Component Sizing: Engine - Pump

Size for road loads at max speed (25 m/s)
Use on-o control based on
accumulator pressure
Assump<ons:
Simulate w/ on-o ow source
Neglect iner<al force
Neglect ineciency

1
air Cd Av 2 = 259 N
2
= f r mg = 176 N

Faero =
Froll

Qleak

Pmech = Phyd
3
m
Fv = PminQ Q = 6.2*10
4

3
m
5*10
4

Specs:
Mass = 1800 kg
Frontal Area = 2.3 m2
Drag Coe = 0.3
Tire Radius = 0.3 m
Rolling Resist Coe = 0.01

Simula;on

UDDS Simula;on