Chapter8 MC Quiz

2/12/2015
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CampbellBiology:Chapter8TestPreparation
1. Whichtermmostpreciselydescribesthecellularprocessofbreakingdownlargemolecules
intosmallerones?
A)catalysis
B)metabolism
C)anabolism
D)dehydration
E)catabolism
Answer:E
2. Whichofthefollowingis(are)trueforanabolicpathways?
A)Theydonotdependonenzymes.
B)Theyareusuallyhighlyspontaneouschemicalreactions.
C)Theyconsumeenergytobuilduppolymersfrommonomers.
D)Theyreleaseenergyastheydegradepolymerstomonomers.
E)Theyconsumeenergytodecreasetheentropyoftheorganismanditsenvironment.
Answer:C
3. Whichofthefollowingisastatementofthefirstlawofthermodynamics?
A)Energycannotbecreatedordestroyed.
B)Theentropyoftheuniverseisdecreasing.
C)Theentropyoftheuniverseisconstant.
D)Kineticenergyisstoredenergythatresultsfromthespecificarrangementofmatter.
E)Energycannotbetransferredortransformed.
Answer:A
4. Forlivingorganisms,whichofthefollowingisanimportantconsequenceofthefirstlawof
thermodynamics?
A)Theenergycontentofanorganismisconstant.
B)Theorganismultimatelymustobtainallofthenecessaryenergyforlifefromits
environment.
C)Theentropyofanorganismdecreaseswithtimeastheorganismgrowsincomplexity.
D)Organismsgrowbyconvertingenergyintoorganicmatter.
E)Lifedoesnotobeythefirstlawofthermodynamics.
Answer:B
5. Livingorganismsincreaseincomplexityastheygrow,resultinginadecreaseintheentropy
ofanorganism.Howdoesthisrelatetothesecondlawofthermodynamics?
A)Livingorganismsdonotobeythesecondlawofthermodynamics,whichstatesthat
entropymustincreasewithtime.
B)Lifeobeysthesecondlawofthermodynamicsbecausethedecreaseinentropyasthe
organismgrowsisexactlybalancedbyanincreaseintheentropyoftheuniverse.
C)Livingorganismsdonotfollowthelawsofthermodynamics.
D)Asaconsequenceofgrowing,organismscauseagreaterincreaseinentropyintheir
environmentthanthedecreaseinentropyassociatedwiththeirgrowth.
E)Livingorganismsareabletotransformenergyintoentropy.
Answer:D
6. Wheneverenergyistransformed,thereisalwaysanincreaseinthe
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A)freeenergyofthesystem.
B)freeenergyoftheuniverse.
C)entropyofthesystem.
D)entropyoftheuniverse.
E)enthalpyoftheuniverse.
Answer:D
7. Whichofthefollowingstatementsisalogicalconsequenceofthesecondlawof
thermodynamics?
A)Iftheentropyofasystemincreases,theremustbeacorrespondingdecreaseinthe
entropyoftheuniverse.
B)Ifthereisanincreaseintheenergyofasystem,theremustbeacorrespondingdecrease
intheenergyoftherestoftheuniverse.
C)Everyenergytransferrequiresactivationenergyfromtheenvironment.
D)Everychemicalreactionmustincreasethetotalentropyoftheuniverse.
E)Energycanbetransferredortransformed,butitcannotbecreatedordestroyed.
Answer:D
8. Whichofthefollowingstatementsisrepresentativeofthesecondlawofthermodynamics?
A)Conversionofenergyfromoneformtoanotherisalwaysaccompaniedbysomegainof
freeenergy.
B)Heatrepresentsaformofenergythatcanbeusedbymostorganismstodowork.
C)Withoutaninputofenergy,organismswouldtendtowarddecreasingentropy.
D)Cellsrequireaconstantinputofenergytomaintaintheirhighleveloforganization.
E)Everyenergytransformationbyacelldecreasestheentropyoftheuniverse.
Answer:D
9. Whichofthefollowingtypesofreactionswoulddecreasetheentropywithinacell?
A)anabolicreactions
B)hydrolysis
C)respiration
D)digestion
E)catabolicreactions
Answer:A
10. BiologicalevolutionoflifeonEarth,fromsimpleprokaryotelikecellstolarge,multicellar
eukaryoticorganisms,
A)hasoccurredinaccordancewiththelawsofthermodynamics.
B)hascausedanincreaseintheentropyoftheplanet.
C)hasbeenmadepossiblebyexpendingEarth'senergyresources.
D)hasoccurredinaccordancewiththelawsofthermodynamics,byexpendingEarth's
energyresourcesandcausinganincreaseintheentropyoftheplanet.
E)violatesthelawsofthermodynamicsbecauseEarthisaclosedsystem.
Answer:A
11. Whichofthefollowingisanexampleofpotentialratherthankineticenergy?
A)themusclecontractionsofapersonmowinggrass
B)waterrushingoverNiagaraFalls
C)lightflashesemittedbyafirefly
D)amoleculeofglucose
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E)theflightofaninsectforagingforfood
Answer:D
12. Whichofthefollowingisthesmallestclosedsystem?
A)acell
B)anorganism
C)anecosystem
D)Earth
E)theuniverse
Answer:E
13. Whichofthefollowingistrueofmetabolisminitsentiretyinallorganisms?
A)Metabolismdependsonaconstantsupplyofenergyfromfood.
B)Metabolismdependsonanorganism'sadequatehydration.
C)Metabolismusesallofanorganism'sresources.
D)Metabolismconsistsofalltheenergytransformationreactionsinanorganism.
E)Metabolismmanagestheincreaseofentropyinanorganism.
Answer:D
14. ThemathematicalexpressionforthechangeinfreeenergyofasystemisG=HTS.
Whichofthefollowingis(are)correct?
A)Sisthechangeinenthalpy,ameasureofrandomness.
B)Histhechangeinentropy,theenergyavailabletodowork.
C)Gisthechangeinfreeenergy.
D)TisthetemperatureindegreesCelsius.
Answer:C
15. Asystematchemicalequilibrium
A)consumesenergyatasteadyrate.
B)releasesenergyatasteadyrate.
C)consumesorreleasesenergy,dependingonwhetheritisexergonicorendergonic.
D)haszerokineticenergy.
E)candonowork.
Answer:E
16. Whichofthefollowingistrueforallexergonicreactions?
A)Theproductshavemoretotalenergythanthereactants.
B)Thereactionproceedswithanetreleaseoffreeenergy.
C)Thereactiongoesonlyinaforwarddirection:allreactantswillbeconvertedtoproducts,
butnoproductswillbeconvertedtoreactants.
D)Anetinputofenergyfromthesurroundingsisrequiredforthereactionstoproceed.
E)Thereactionsarerapid.
Answer:B
17. Chemicalequilibriumisrelativelyrareinlivingcells.Whichofthefollowingcouldbean
exampleofareactionatchemicalequilibriuminacell?
A)areactioninwhichthefreeenergyatequilibriumishigherthantheenergycontentat
anypointawayfromequilibrium
B)achemicalreactioninwhichtheentropychangeinthereactionisjustbalancedbyan
oppositeentropychangeinthecell'ssurroundings
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C)anendergonicreactioninanactivemetabolicpathwaywheretheenergyforthatreaction
issuppliedonlybyheatfromtheenvironment
D)achemicalreactioninwhichboththereactantsandproductsarenotbeingproducedor
usedinanyactivemetabolicpathway
E)nopossibilityofhavingchemicalequilibriuminanylivingcell
Answer:D
18. Whichofthefollowingshowsthecorrectchangesinthermodynamicpropertiesfora
chemicalreactioninwhichaminoacidsarelinkedtoformaprotein?
A)+H,+S,+G
B)+H,S,G
C)+H,S,+G
D)H,S,+G
E)H,+S,+G
Answer:C
19. Whenglucosemonomersarejoinedtogetherbyglycosidiclinkagestoformacellulose
polymer,thechangesinfreeenergy,totalenergy,andentropyareasfollows:
A)+G,+H,+S.
B)+G,+H,S.
C)+G,H,S.
D)G,+H,+S.
E)G,H,S.
Answer:B
20. AchemicalreactionthathasapositiveGiscorrectlydescribedas
A)endergonic.
B)endothermic.
C)enthalpic.
D)spontaneous.
E)exothermic.
Answer:A
21. Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesenthalpy(H)?
A)thetotalkineticenergyofasystem
B)theheatcontentofachemicalsystem
C)thesystem'sentropy
D)thecell'senergyequilibrium
E)theconditionofacellthatisnotabletoreact
Answer:B
22. ForthehydrolysisofATPtoADP+Pi,thefreeenergychangeis7.3kcal/molunder
standardconditions(1Mconcentrationofbothreactantsandproducts).Inthecellular
environment,however,thefreeenergychangeisabout13kcal/mol.Whatcanweconclude
aboutthefreeenergychangefortheformationofATPfromADPandPiundercellular
conditions?
A)Itis+7.3kcal/mol.
B)Itislessthan+7.3kcal/mol.
C)Itisabout+13kcal/mol.
D)Itisgreaterthan+13kcal/mol.
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E)Theinformationgivenisinsufficienttodeducethefreeenergychange.
Answer:C
23. WhyisATPanimportantmoleculeinmetabolism?
A)Itshydrolysisprovidesaninputoffreeenergyforexergonicreactions.
B)Itprovidesenergycouplingbetweenexergonicandendergonicreactions.
C)Itsterminalphosphategroupcontainsastrongcovalentbondthat,whenhydrolyzed,
releasesfreeenergy.
D)Itsterminalphosphatebondhashigherenergythantheothertwo.
E)ItisoneofthefourbuildingblocksforDNAsynthesis.
Answer:B
24. When10,000moleculesofATParehydrolyzedtoADPandPiinatesttube,abouttwiceas
muchheatisliberatedaswhenacellhydrolyzesthesameamountofATP.Whichofthe
followingisthebestexplanationforthisobservation?
A)Cellsareopensystems,butatesttubeisaclosedsystem.
B)Cellsarelessefficientatheatproductionthannonlivingsystems.
C)ThehydrolysisofATPinacellproducesdifferentchemicalproductsthandoesthe
reactioninatesttube.
D)Thereactionincellsmustbecatalyzedbyenzymes,butthereactioninatesttubedoes
notneedenzymes.
E)Reactantandproductconcentrationsinthetesttubearedifferentfromthoseinthecell.
Answer:E
25. WhichofthefollowingismostsimilarinstructuretoATP?
A)apentosesugar
B)aDNAnucleotide
C)anRNAnucleotide
D)anaminoacidwiththreephosphategroupsattached
E)aphospholipid
Answer:C
26. Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueconcerningcatabolicpathways?
A)Theycombinemoleculesintomoreenergyrichmolecules.
B)Theysupplyenergy,primarilyintheformofATP,forthecell'swork.
C)Theyareendergonic.
D)Theyarespontaneousanddonotneedenzymecatalysis.
E)Theybuildupcomplexmoleculessuchasproteinfromsimplercompounds.
Answer:B
27. Whenchemical,transport,ormechanicalworkisdonebyanorganism,whathappenstothe
heatgenerated?
A)Itisusedtopoweryetmorecellularwork.
B)ItisusedtostoreenergyasmoreATP.
C)ItisusedtogenerateADPfromnucleotideprecursors.
D)Itislosttotheenvironment.
E)Itistransportedtospecificorganssuchasthebrain.
Answer:D
28. WhenATPreleasessomeenergy,italsoreleasesinorganicphosphate.Whatpurposedoes
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thisserve(ifany)inthecell?
A)Thephosphateisreleasedasanexcretorywaste.
B)ThephosphatecanonlybeusedtoregeneratemoreATP.
C)Thephosphatecanbeaddedtowaterandexcretedasaliquid.
D)Thephosphatemaybeincorporatedintoanymoleculethatcontainsphosphate.
E)Itentersthenucleustoaffectgeneexpression.
Answer:D
29. AnumberofsystemsforpumpingionsacrossmembranesarepoweredbyATP.SuchATP
poweredpumpsareoftencalledATPasesalthoughtheydon'toftenhydrolyzeATPunless
theyaresimultaneouslytransportingions.Becausesmallincreasesincalciumionsinthe
cytosolcantriggeranumberofdifferentintracellularreactions,cellskeepthecytosolic
calciumconcentrationquitelowundernormalconditions,usingATPpoweredcalcium
pumps.Forexample,musclecellstransportcalciumfromthecytosolintothemembranous
systemcalledthesarcoplasmicreticulum(SR).Ifarestingmusclecell'scytosolhasafree
calciumionconcentrationof10whiletheconcentrationintheSRis10,thenhowisthe
ATPaseacting?
A)ATPaseactivitymustbepoweringaninflowofcalciumfromtheoutsideofthecellinto
theSR.
B)ATPaseactivitymustbetransferringPitotheSRtoenablethistooccur.
C)ATPaseactivitymustbepumpingcalciumfromthecytosoltotheSRagainstthe
concentrationgradient.
D)ATPaseactivitymustbeopeningachannelforthecalciumionstodiffusebackintothe
SRalongtheconcentrationgradient.
E)ATPaseactivitymustberoutingcalciumionsfromtheSRtothecytosol,andthentothe
cell'senvironment.
Answer:C
30. Whatisthedifference(ifany)betweenthestructureofATPandthestructureofthe
precursoroftheAnucleotideinRNA?
A)Thesugarmoleculeisdifferent.
B)Thenitrogencontainingbaseisdifferent.
C)Thenumberofphosphatesisthreeinsteadofone.
D)Thenumberofphosphatesisthreeinsteadoftwo.
E)Thereisnodifference.
Answer:E
31. Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutenzymecatalyzedreactions?
A)Thereactionisfasterthanthesamereactionintheabsenceoftheenzyme.
B)Thefreeenergychangeofthereactionisoppositefromthereactionthatoccursinthe
absenceoftheenzyme.
C)Thereactionalwaysgoesinthedirectiontowardchemicalequilibrium.
D)Enzymecatalyzedreactionsrequireenergytoactivatetheenzyme.
E)Enzymecatalyzedreactionsreleasemorefreeenergythannoncatalyzedreactions.
Answer:A
32. Reactantscapableofinteractingtoformproductsinachemicalreactionmustfirst
overcomeathermodynamicbarrierknownasthereaction's
A)entropy.
B)activationenergy.
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C)endothermiclevel.
D)equilibriumpoint.
E)freeenergycontent.
Answer:B
33. Asolutionofstarchatroomtemperaturedoesnotreadilydecomposetoformasolutionof
simplesugarsbecause
A)thestarchsolutionhaslessfreeenergythanthesugarsolution.
B)thehydrolysisofstarchtosugarisendergonic.
C)theactivationenergybarrierforthisreactioncannotbesurmounted.
D)starchcannotbehydrolyzedinthepresenceofsomuchwater.
E)starchhydrolysisisnonspontaneous.
Answer:C
34. Whichofthefollowingstatementsregardingenzymesistrue?
A)Enzymesincreasetherateofareactionbymakingthereactionmoreexergonic.
B)Enzymesincreasetherateofareactionbyloweringtheactivationenergybarrier.
C)Enzymesincreasetherateofareactionbyreducingtherateofreversereactions.
D)Enzymeschangetheequilibriumpointofthereactionstheycatalyze.
E)Enzymesmaketherateofareactionindependentofsubstrateconcentrations.
Answer:B
35. Duringalaboratoryexperiment,youdiscoverthatanenzymecatalyzedreactionhasaG
of20kcal/mol.Ifyoudoubletheamountofenzymeinthereaction,whatwillbetheGfor
thenewreaction?
A)40kcal/mol
B)20kcal/mol
C)0kcal/mol
D)+20kcal/mol
E)+40kcal/mol
Answer:B
36. Theactivesiteofanenzymeistheregionthat
A)bindsallostericregulatorsoftheenzyme.
B)isinvolvedinthecatalyticreactionoftheenzyme.
C)bindsnoncompetitiveinhibitorsoftheenzyme.
D)isinhibitedbythepresenceofacoenzymeoracofactor.
Answer:B
37. Accordingtotheinducedfithypothesisofenzymecatalysis,whichofthefollowingis
correct?
A)Thebindingofthesubstratedependsontheshapeoftheactivesite.
B)Someenzymeschangetheirstructurewhenactivatorsbindtotheenzyme.
C)Acompetitiveinhibitorcanoutcompetethesubstratefortheactivesite.
D)Thebindingofthesubstratechangestheshapeoftheenzyme'sactivesite.
E)Theactivesitecreatesamicroenvironmentidealforthereaction.
Answer:D
38. Mutationsthatresultinsingleaminoacidsubstitutionsinanenzyme
A)canhavenoeffectontheactivityorpropertiesoftheenzyme.
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B)willalmostalwaysdestroytheactivityoftheenzyme.
C)willoftencauseachangeinthesubstratespecificityoftheenzyme.
D)mayaffectthephysicochemicalpropertiesoftheenzymesuchasitsoptimaltemperature
andpH.
E)may,inrarecases,causetheenzymetorunreactionsinreverse.
Answer:D
39. Increasingthesubstrateconcentrationinanenzymaticreactioncouldovercomewhichof
thefollowing?
A)denaturizationoftheenzyme
B)allostericinhibition
C)competitiveinhibition
D)saturationoftheenzymeactivity
E)insufficientcofactors
Answer:C
40. Whichofthefollowingistrueofenzymes?
A)Nonproteincofactorsalterthesubstratespecificityofenzymes.
B)Enzymefunctionisincreasedifthe3Dstructureorconformationofanenzymeis
altered.
C)Enzymefunctionisindependentofphysicalandchemicalenvironmentalfactorssuchas
pHandtemperature.
D)Enzymesincreasetherateofchemicalreactionbyloweringactivationenergybarriers.
E)Enzymesincreasetherateofchemicalreactionbyprovidingactivationenergytothe
substrate.
Answer:D
41. Zinc,anessentialtraceelementformostorganisms,ispresentintheactivesiteofthe
enzymecarboxypeptidase.Thezincmostlikelyfunctionsasa(n)
A)competitiveinhibitoroftheenzyme.
B)noncompetitiveinhibitoroftheenzyme.
C)allostericactivatoroftheenzyme.
D)cofactornecessaryforenzymeactivity.
E)coenzymederivedfromavitamin.
Answer:D
42. InordertoattachaparticularaminoacidtothetRNAmoleculethatwilltransportit,an
enzyme,anaminoacyltRNAsynthetase,isrequired,alongwithATP.Initially,theenzyme
hasanactivesiteforATPandanotherfortheaminoacid,butitisnotabletoattachthe
tRNA.Whatmustoccurinorderforthefinalattachmenttooccur?
A)TheATPmustfirsthavetoattachtothetRNA.
B)Thebindingofthefirsttwomoleculesmustcausea3Dchangethatopensanotheractive
siteontheenzyme.
C)TheATPmustbehydrolyzedtoallowtheaminoacidtobindtothesynthetase.
D)ThetRNAmoleculemusthavetoalteritsshapeinordertobeabletofitintotheactive
sitewiththeothertwomolecules.
E)The3'endofthetRNAmusthavetobecleavedbeforeitcanhaveanattachedamino
acid.
Answer:B
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43. SomeofthedrugsusedtotreatHIVpatientsarecompetitiveinhibitorsoftheHIVreverse
transcriptaseenzyme.Unfortunately,thehighmutationrateofHIVmeansthatthevirus
rapidlyacquiresmutationswithaminoacidchangesthatmakethemresistanttothese
competitiveinhibitors.Whereinthereversetranscriptaseenzymewouldsuchaminoacid
changesmostlikelyoccurindrugresistantviruses?
A)inorneartheactivesite
B)atanallostericsite
C)atacofactorbindingsite
D)inregionsoftheproteinthatdeterminepackagingintotheviruscapsid
E)suchmutationscouldoccuranywherewithequalprobability
Answer:A
44. ProteinkinasesareenzymesthattransfertheterminalphosphatefromATPtoanamino
acidresidueonthetargetprotein.Manyarelocatedontheplasmamembraneasintegral
membraneproteinsorperipheralmembraneproteins.Whatpurposemaybeservedby
theirplasmamembranelocalization?
A)ATPismoreabundantneartheplasmamembrane.
B)Theycanmorereadilyencounterandphosphorylateothermembraneproteins.
C)Membranelocalizationlowerstheactivationenergyofthephosphorylationreaction.
D)Theyflipbackandforthacrossthemembranetoaccesstargetproteinsoneitherside.
E)Theyrequirephospholipidsasacofactor.
Answer:B
45. Whenyouhaveaseverefever,whatgraveconsequencemayoccurifthefeverisnot
controlled?
A)destructionofyourenzymes'primarystructure
B)removalofaminegroupsfromyourproteins
C)changeinthetertiarystructureofyourenzymes
D)removaloftheaminoacidsinactivesitesofyourenzymes
E)bindingofyourenzymestoinappropriatesubstrates
Answer:C
46. Howdoesanoncompetitiveinhibitordecreasetherateofanenzymereaction?
A)bybindingattheactivesiteoftheenzyme
B)bychangingtheshapeoftheenzyme'sactivesite
C)bychangingthefreeenergychangeofthereaction
D)byactingasacoenzymeforthereaction
E)bydecreasingtheactivationenergyofthereaction
Answer:B
47. Themechanisminwhichtheendproductofametabolicpathwayinhibitsanearlierstepin
thepathwayismostpreciselydescribedas
A)metabolicinhibition.
B)feedbackinhibition.
C)allostericinhibition.
D)noncooperativeinhibition.
E)reversibleinhibition.
Answer:B
48. Whichofthefollowingstatementsdescribesenzymecooperativity?
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A)Amultienzymecomplexcontainsalltheenzymesofametabolicpathway.
B)Aproductofapathwayservesasacompetitiveinhibitorofanearlyenzymeinthe
pathway.
C)Asubstratemoleculeboundtoanactivesiteofonesubunitpromotessubstratebinding
totheactivesiteofothersubunits.
D)Severalsubstratemoleculescanbecatalyzedbythesameenzyme.
E)Asubstratebindstoanactivesiteandinhibitscooperationbetweenenzymesina
pathway.
Answer:C
49. Allostericenzymeregulationisusuallyassociatedwith
A)lackofcooperativity.
B)feedbackinhibition.
C)activatingactivity.
D)anenzymewithmorethanonesubunit.
E)theneedforcofactors.
Answer:D
50. Whichofthefollowingisanexampleofcooperativity?
A)thebindingofanendproductofametabolicpathwaytothefirstenzymethatactsinthe
pathway
B)oneenzymeinametabolicpathwaypassingitsproducttoactasasubstrateforthenext
enzymeinthepathway
C)amoleculebindingatoneunitofatetramer,allowingfasterbindingateachoftheother
three
D)theeffectofincreasingtemperatureontherateofanenzymaticreaction
E)bindingofanATPmoleculealongwithoneofthesubstratemoleculesinanactivesite
Answer:C
51. Proteinkinasesareenzymesthatcatalyzephosphorylationoftargetproteinsatspecificsites,
whereasproteinphosphatasescatalyzeremovalofphosphate(s)fromphosphorylated
proteins.Phosphorylationanddephosphorylationcanfunctionasanonoffswitchfora
protein'sactivity,mostlikelythrough
A)thechangeinaprotein'schargeleadingtoaconformationalchange.
B)thechangeinaprotein'schargeleadingtocleavage.
C)achangeintheoptimalpHatwhichareactionwilloccur.
D)achangeintheoptimaltemperatureatwhichareactionwilloccur.
E)theexcisionofoneormorepeptides.
Answer:A
52. Besidesturningenzymesonoroff,whatothermeansdoesacellusetocontrolenzymatic
activity?
A)cessationofcellularproteinsynthesis
B)localizationofenzymesintospecificorganellesormembranes
C)exportingenzymesoutofthecell
D)connectingenzymesintolargeaggregates
E)hydrophobicinteractions
Answer:B
53. Animportantgroupofperipheralmembraneproteinsareenzymessuchasthe
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phospholipasesthatcleavetheheadgroupsofphospholipids.Whatpropertiesmustthese
enzymesexhibit?
A)resistancetodegradation
B)independencefromcofactorinteraction
C)watersolubility
D)lipidsolubility
E)membranespanningdomains
Answer:C
54. Inexperimentaltestsofenzymeevolution,whereageneencodinganenzymeissubjectedto
multiplecyclesofrandommutagenesisandselectionforalteredsubstratespecificity,the
resultingenzymehadmultipleaminoacidchangesassociatedwithalteredsubstrate
specificity.Whereintheenzymeweretheseaminoacidchangeslocated?
A)onlyintheactivesite
B)onlyintheactivesiteorneartheactivesite
C)inorneartheactivesiteandatsurfacesitesawayfromtheactivesite
D)onlyatsurfacesitesawayfromtheactivesite
E)onlyinthehydrophobicinteriorofthefoldedprotein
Answer:C
55. Howmightanaminoacidchangeatasitedistantfromtheactivesiteoftheenzymealterthe
enzyme'ssubstratespecificity?
A)bychangingtheenzyme'sstability
B)bychangingtheenzyme'slocationinthecell
C)bychangingtheshapeoftheprotein
D)bychangingtheenzyme'spHoptimum
E)anaminoacidchangeawayfromtheactivesitecannotaltertheenzyme'ssubstrate
specificity
Answer:C
56.
Fortheenzymecatalyzedreactionshowninthefigure,whichofthesetreatmentswillcause
thegreatestincreaseintherateofthereaction,iftheinitialreactantconcentrationis1.0
micromolar?
A)doublingtheactivationenergyneeded
B)coolingthereactionby10C
C)doublingtheconcentrationofthereactantsto2.0micromolar
D)doublingtheenzymeconcentration
E)increasingtheconcentrationofreactantsto10.0micromolar,whilereducingthe
concentrationofenzymeby1/2
Answer:D
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57.
Inthefigure,whydoesthereactionrateplateauathigherreactantconcentrations?
A)Feedbackinhibitionbyproductoccursathighreactantconcentrations.
B)Mostenzymemoleculesareoccupiedbysubstrateathighreactantconcentrations.
C)Thereactionnearsequilibriumathighreactantconcentrations.
D)Theactivationenergyforthereactionincreaseswithreactantconcentration.
E)Therateofthereversereactionincreaseswithreactantconcentration.
Answer:B
58.
Whichcurve(s)onthegraphsmayrepresentthetemperatureandpHprofilesofanenzyme
takenfromabacteriumthatlivesinamildlyalkalinehotspringsattemperaturesof70Cor
higher?
A)curves1and5
B)curves2and4
C)curves2and5
D)curves3and4
E)curves3and5
Answer:E
59.
WhichtemperatureandpHprofilecurvesonthegraphsweremostlikelygeneratedfrom
analysisofanenzymefromahumanstomachwhereconditionsarestronglyacid?
A)curves1and4
B)curves1and5
C)curves2and4
D)curves2and5
E)curves3and4
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Answer:A
60.
ThisquestionisbasedonthereactionA+BC+Dshowninthefigure.
WhichofthefollowingtermsbestdescribestheforwardreactioninFigure8.1?
A)endergonic,G>0
B)exergonic,G<0
C)endergonic,G<0
D)exergonic,G>0
E)chemicalequilibrium,G=0
Answer:B
61.
WhichofthefollowingrepresentstheGofthereactioninFigure8.1?
A)a
B)b
C)c
D)d
E)e
Answer:D
62.
WhichofthefollowinginFigure8.1wouldbethesameineitheranenzymecatalyzedora
noncatalyzedreaction?
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A)a
B)b
C)c
D)d
E)e
Answer:D
63.
Whichofthefollowingrepresentstheactivationenergyneededfortheenzymecatalyzed
reversereaction,C+DA+B,inFigure8.1?
A)a
B)b
C)c
D)d
E)e
Answer:A
64.
Whichofthefollowingrepresentsthedifferencebetweenthefreeenergycontentofthe
reactionandthefreeenergycontentoftheproductsinFigure8.1?
A)a
B)b
C)c
D)d
E)e
Answer:D
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65.
Whichofthefollowingrepresentstheactivationenergyrequiredfortheenzymecatalyzed
reactioninFigure8.1?
A)a
B)b
C)c
D)d
E)e
Answer:B
66.
Whichofthefollowingrepresentstheactivationenergyrequiredforanoncatalyzed
reactioninFigure8.1?
A)a
B)b
C)c
D)d
E)e
Answer:C
67.
Whichofthefollowingrepresentstheactivationenergyneededforthenoncatalyzedreverse
reaction,C+DA+B,inFigure8.1?
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A)a
B)b
C)c
D)d
E)e
Answer:E
68.
AssumethatthereactioninFigure8.1hasaGof5.6kcal/mol.Whichofthefollowing
wouldbetrue?
A)ThereactioncouldbecoupledtopoweranendergonicreactionwithaGof+6.2
kcal/mol.
B)ThereactioncouldbecoupledtopoweranexergonicreactionwithaGof+8.8kcal/mol.
C)Thereactionwouldresultinadecreaseinentropy(S)andanincreaseinthetotalenergy
content(H)ofthesystem.
D)Thereactionwouldresultinanincreaseinentropy(S)andadecreaseinthetotalenergy
content(H)ofthesystem.
E)Thereactionwouldresultinproducts(C+D)withagreaterfreeenergycontentthanin
theinitialreactants(A+B).
Answer:D
69.
Whichofthefollowingisthemostcorrectinterpretationofthefigure?
A)Inorganicphosphateiscreatedfromorganicphosphate.
B)Energyfromcatabolismcanbeuseddirectlyforperformingcellularwork.
C)ADP+Piareasetofmoleculesthatstoreenergyforcatabolism.
D)ATPisamoleculethatactsasanintermediarytostoreenergyforcellularwork.
E)PiactsasashuttlemoleculetomoveenergyfromATPtoADP.
Answer:D
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70.
HowdocellsusetheATPcycleshowninthefigure?
A)CellsusethecycletorecycleADPandphosphate.
B)CellsusethecycletorecycleenergyreleasedbyATPhydrolysis.
C)CellsusethecycletorecycleADP,phosphate,andtheenergyreleasedbyATP
hydrolysis.
D)Cellsusethecycletogenerateorconsumewatermoleculesasneeded.
E)Cellsusethecycleprimarilytogenerateheat.
Answer:A
71. Succinatedehydrogenasecatalyzestheconversionofsuccinatetofumarate.Thereactionis
inhibitedbymalonicacid,whichresemblessuccinatebutcannotbeacteduponbysuccinate
dehydrogenase.Increasingtheratioofsuccinatetomalonicacidreducestheinhibitory
effectofmalonicacid.
Basedonthisinformation,whichofthefollowingiscorrect?
A)Succinatedehydrogenaseistheenzyme,andfumarateisthesubstrate.
B)Succinatedehydrogenaseistheenzyme,andmalonicacidisthesubstrate.
C)Succinateisthesubstrate,andfumarateistheproduct.
D)Fumarateistheproduct,andmalonicacidisanoncompetitiveinhibitor.
E)Malonicacidistheproduct,andfumarateisacompetitiveinhibitor.
Answer:C
72. Succinatedehydrogenasecatalyzestheconversionofsuccinatetofumarate.Thereactionis
inhibitedbymalonicacid,whichresemblessuccinatebutcannotbeacteduponbysuccinate
dehydrogenase.Increasingtheratioofsuccinatetomalonicacidreducestheinhibitory
effectofmalonicacid.
Whatismalonicacid'srolewithrespecttosuccinatedehydrogenase?
A)Itisacompetitiveinhibitor.
B)Itblocksthebindingoffumarate.
C)Itisanoncompetitiveinhibitor.
D)Itisabletobindtosuccinate.
E)Itisanallostericregulator.
Answer:A
73. AseriesofenzymescatalyzethereactionXYZA.ProductAbindstotheenzyme
thatconvertsXtoYatapositionremotefromitsactivesite.Thisbindingdecreasesthe
activityoftheenzyme.
WhatissubstanceX?
A)acoenzyme
B)anallostericinhibitor
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C)asubstrate
D)anintermediate
E)theproduct
Answer:C
74. AseriesofenzymescatalyzethereactionXYZA.ProductAbindstotheenzyme
thatconvertsXtoYatapositionremotefromitsactivesite.Thisbindingdecreasesthe
activityoftheenzyme.
WithrespecttotheenzymethatconvertsXtoY,substanceAfunctionsas
A)acoenzyme.
B)anallostericinhibitor.
C)thesubstrate.
D)anintermediate.
E)acompetitiveinhibitor.
Answer:B
75. Choosethepairoftermsthatcorrectlycompletesthissentence:Catabolismistoanabolism
as________isto________.
A)exergonicspontaneous
B)exergonicendergonic
C)freeenergyentropy
D)workenergy
E)entropyenthalpy
Answer:B
76. Mostcellscannotharnessheattoperformworkbecause
A)heatisnotaformofenergy.
B)cellsdonothavemuchheattheyarerelativelycool.
C)temperatureisusuallyuniformthroughoutacell.
D)heatcanneverbeusedtodowork.
E)heatmustremainconstantduringwork.
Answer:C
77. Whichofthefollowingmetabolicprocessescanoccurwithoutanetinfluxofenergyfrom
someotherprocess?
A)ADP+PiATP+HO
B)CHO+6O6CO+6HO
C)6CO+6HOCHO+6O
D)aminoacidsprotein
E)glucose+fructosesucrose
Answer:B
78. Ifanenzymeinsolutionissaturatedwithsubstrate,themosteffectivewaytoobtainafaster
yieldofproductsisto
A)addmoreoftheenzyme.
B)heatthesolutionto90C.
C)addmoresubstrate.
D)addanallostericinhibitor.
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E)addanoncompetitiveinhibitor.
Answer:A
79. Somebacteriaaremetabolicallyactiveinhotspringsbecause
A)theyareabletomaintainalowerinternaltemperature.
B)hightemperaturesmakecatalysisunnecessary.
C)theirenzymeshavehighoptimaltemperatures.
D)theirenzymesarecompletelyinsensitivetotemperature.
E)theyusemoleculesotherthanproteinsorRNAsastheirmaincatalysts.
Answer:C
80. Ifanenzymeisaddedtoasolutionwhereitssubstrateandproductareinequilibrium,what
willoccur?
A)Additionalproductwillbeformed.
B)Additionalsubstratewillbeformed.
C)Thereactionwillchangefromendergonictoexergonic.
D)Thefreeenergyofthesystemwillchange.
E)Nothingthereactionwillstayatequilibrium.
Answer:E
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