3D Block Models PDF

Combustion Quality of Coal and Lignite
3D Block Models in Mine

Planning
Courtesy: Wide Educational Products and Services
Wide Educational Products and Services. 7/1/1, Samar Sarani (At Radio Galley on Dumdum Road, Near Dumdum Chiriamore) Kolkata 700002,
West Bengal, India. Phone : (033)25468733 / Fax : (033) 25468733 Mobile : 09339682179 / 09007744212. Email : wide.publishing@gmail.com.
Guidance for Solving Environmental Challenges of Mining, Construction,

Processing and Oil and Gas Fields Projects.
3D Block & GSM Model Review

3D Block Model (3DBM):
Geological model represented by small 3D
blocks closely mimicking the shape of the
deposit.
Can be used for any type, size or geometry of
any deposit.
Best method for modelling complex geology
shapes.
Most common modelling method.
Requires high level of software knowledge.
Land Acquisition and Strategic Corporate Social Responsibility

Management - Manual For Resource Intensive Core Industries
3D Block Model
PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL CLEARANCE ENGINEERING AND

MANAGEMENT ASPECTS For Fuel & Non Fuel Minerals Producing
And User Industries
3D Block & GSM Model Review
Gridded Seam Model (GSM):

Geological model represented by a gridded surface ,
usually horizontal, closely mimicking the surface
(top or bottom or both) of the deposit.
Usually for horizontal generally flat-lying deposits
(can be used for sub vertical in special cases).
Best method for modelling coal, phosphate, bauxite
and other sedimentary where mining selectivity is
not an issue.
Usually simple models.

Regulatory and Community Requirements of Industrial Project Clearance

Mining, Oil & Gas, Steel, Aluminum, Cement Industries and Other Core
Sectors
GSM Model - Simple
Rehabilitation and Resettlement Issues of People Affected in Project Land

Acquisition- Administrative, Social and Regulatory Mechanisms-
GSM Model - Complex
STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT OF ALLIANCE,MERGER AND

ACQUISITIONS
Example: Bauxite Mine (GSM to 3DBM)
Bulk Mining:
Drill and Blast
Loading by hydraulic shovels
Haulage by 100t Mining trucks
12Mt per year production
Average bauxite thickness: 6m
Surface waste thickness: < 2 m
Original Modelling Method: GSM
Trade and Market for Minerals, Metals, Oil and Gas - Dynamics and
Determinants
Bauxite Mine GSM Model

Area of Study
Mined Area
Reserve Area: 16 km2

Bauxite Mine - Drill hole spacing
Entire area drilled to less than 50m spacing
Bauxite Mine Modelling Steps
Bauxite floor identified by Al2O3 cut-off
Seam Compositing
within floor and topo
limits
Resulting GSM

Bauxite Mine Resulting GSM model

Model based on 25m grid spacing
Cut-offs based on Al 2O 3, SiO 2 and minimum
thickness

And User Industries
Bauxite Mine Going from GSM to 3D Block Model
Standard Bench compositing for 3DBM
Seam compositing in GSM

Sectors
Bauxite Mine - Model differences
3DBM keeps the original drill

hole assay variations and
cut-off
GSM simplifies modelling

for homogeneous and thin
areas

Bauxite Mine - Bulk VS Selective Mining
GSM ( bulk mining)
3DBM (
Selective)

ACQUISITIONS
Bauxite Mine 3DBM
Determinants
Bauxite Mine GSM VS 3DBM
GSM
3DBM

Bauxite Mine GSM VS 3DBM
GSM
3DBM
Example: Iron Ore Mine (3DBM to GSM)
Bulk Mining:
Drill and Blast
Loading by rope shovels
Haulage by 240t Mining trucks
45Mt per year production (ore)
Average deposit thickness: 100m
S/R: less than 1:1
Original Modelling Method: 3DBM

Iron Ore Mine - Geology

Sectors
Iron Ore Mine 3D Model
Upper Formation
Middle Formation
Ore
Lower Formation
Waste

Iron Ore Mine Extents
Plan View
Elevation 660ft Elevation 760ft
Elevation 660ft
Elevation 705ft
Elevation 650ft
Elevation 650ft
45,000
Wide Educational Products and Services. 7/1/1, Samar Sarani (At Radio
Galley onftDumdum Road, Near Dumdum Chiriamore) Kolkata 700002,

ACQUISITIONS
Iron Ore Mine Mining to geological contact
Top of ground
60ft
40ft
Want to mine this Bench
20ft
Ore
Waste
Bench 1
Bench 2
Geological Contact
N-S Section
Determinants
Iron Ore Mine Variable bench height
Top of ground
WantBench1
to Mine
Production
this Bench
Taken in previous period
Bench 1
Production Bench 2
Bench 2
Geological Contact
N-S Section
Iron Ore Mine Fixed VS Variable Bench height

Fixed Height
Ore Waste
Geological Contact
Variable Height

Iron Ore Mine Weighted average in the GSM
Section Views
Unique grades for
each block in 3DBM
Current 3DBM
Single weighted
grade in GSM
GSM
Iron Ore Mine Mine Planning

3DBM
3D section
GSM

Iron Ore Mine Mine Planning X-Section
Waste
3DBM
High Grade
GSM
Low Grade
Waste
Low Grade
High Grade

And User Industries
Iron Ore Mine GSM Mine Planning

Sectors
Iron Ore Mine GSM Mine Planning Made Easy

And User Industries
Summary: Advantages
Advantages
of GSMs:
Usually small models (memory wise)

Simple models
Easy mine planning
Advantages
of 3DBMs:
Selective mining possible

Easy evaluation of cut-off scenarios
Easy model updates
Easy reserve and remnant calculations

Summary: Disadvantages
Disadvantages
of GSMs:
Time consuming model updates (topo, new holes)

No variation possible on cut-offs without remodelling
No possibility of selective mining with depth
Disadvantages
of 3DBMs:
Time consuming model creation (initial model only)

Very large models (many Gb)
Mine planning not as easy as GSM
Guidance for Solving Environmental Challenges of

Mining, Construction, Processing and Oil and Gas Fields Projects.
Thank You

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Combustion Quality of Coal and Lignite

3D Block Models in Mine

Guidance for Solving Environmental Challenges of Mining, Construction,

3D Block & GSM Model Review

Requires high level of software knowledge.

Land Acquisition and Strategic Corporate Social Responsibility

PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL CLEARANCE ENGINEERING AND

3D Block & GSM Model Review

Gridded Seam Model (GSM):

Usually simple models.

Regulatory and Community Requirements of Industrial Project Clearance

GSM Model - Simple

Rehabilitation and Resettlement Issues of People Affected in Project Land

GSM Model - Complex

STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT OF ALLIANCE,MERGER AND

Example: Bauxite Mine (GSM to 3DBM)

Bauxite Mine GSM Model

Reserve Area: 16 km2

Guidance for Solving Environmental Challenges of Mining, Construction,

Bauxite Mine - Drill hole spacing

Entire area drilled to less than 50m spacing

Combustion Quality of Coal and Lignite

Bauxite Mine Modelling Steps

Bauxite floor identified by Al2O3 cut-off

Land Acquisition and Strategic Corporate Social Responsibility

Bauxite Mine Resulting GSM model

PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL CLEARANCE ENGINEERING AND

Bauxite Mine Going from GSM to 3D Block Model

Standard Bench compositing for 3DBM

Seam compositing in GSM

Regulatory and Community Requirements of Industrial Project Clearance

Bauxite Mine - Model differences

3DBM keeps the original drill

GSM simplifies modelling

Rehabilitation and Resettlement Issues of People Affected in Project Land

Bauxite Mine - Bulk VS Selective Mining

GSM ( bulk mining)

STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT OF ALLIANCE,MERGER AND

Bauxite Mine 3DBM

Bauxite Mine GSM VS 3DBM

Guidance for Solving Environmental Challenges of Mining, Construction,

Bauxite Mine GSM VS 3DBM

Combustion Quality of Coal and Lignite

Example: Iron Ore Mine (3DBM to GSM)

Land Acquisition and Strategic Corporate Social Responsibility

Iron Ore Mine - Geology

Regulatory and Community Requirements of Industrial Project Clearance

Iron Ore Mine 3D Model

Rehabilitation and Resettlement Issues of People Affected in Project Land

Iron Ore Mine Extents

Elevation 660ft Elevation 760ft

STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT OF ALLIANCE,MERGER AND

Iron Ore Mine Mining to geological contact

Want to mine this Bench

Iron Ore Mine Variable bench height

Combustion Quality of Coal and Lignite

Iron Ore Mine Fixed VS Variable Bench height

Guidance for Solving Environmental Challenges of Mining, Construction,

Iron Ore Mine Weighted average in the GSM

Combustion Quality of Coal and Lignite

Iron Ore Mine Mine Planning

Land Acquisition and Strategic Corporate Social Responsibility

Iron Ore Mine Mine Planning X-Section