EXERCISES 4.1 Steam enters rotor ofan axial urbine with an absolute velocity Vi = $20 m/s at an angle a = 73°. ‘The axial velocity remains constant. The blade speed is U = 165 m/s. ‘The rotor blades are equiangular $0 that 33 — —2, and the magnitude of the relative ‘elocity remains constant across the rotor. Draw the velocity triangles. Find (a) the relative flow angle 32, (b) the magnitude of the velocity Vs after the flow leaves the rotor, and (c) the flow angle as that Vi makes with the axial direction, 4.2. Water with density 998 kg /m* flows in a centrifugal pump atthe rate of 22L/s. The impeller radius is r2 = 7.7 cm, and the blade width at the impeller exitis bp = 0.8m. If the flow angles at the impeller exit are or = 67° and 5 = 40°, what is the rotational speed of the shaft in rpm? 43 Ina velocity diagram at the inlet ofa turbine the angle ofthe absolute velocity is 60° and the flow angle of the relative velocity is —51.7°. Draw the velocity diagram and find the value of U/V and V/U. 44 A small axial-flow turbine has an output power of 37kW when handling 1 kg of air per second with an infet total temperature of 335K. The total-to-total efficiency of the turbine is S09. The rotor operates at 5,000/rpm and the mean blade diameter is 1O ex. Evaluate (a) the average driving force on the turbine blades, (b) the change inthe tangential Compenent of the absolute velocity across the rotor, and (©) the required total pressure ratio across the turbine, 46 The axial component of airflow leaving a stator in an axial-flow turbine is Vex = 175 m/s and its flow angle is 61°. The axial velocity is constant, the eaction of the stage is R= 0.5, and the blade speed is U7 = 140 m/s. Since the resction is $0%, the relationships between the flow angles are 3, = —as and az = ~(y. Find the flow angle of the velocity centering the stator. 47 The airflow leaving the rotor of an axial-flow turbine is Vis = 140 m/s and its flow angle is 0°. The axial velocity is constant and equal to the blade speed, The inlet flow angle tothe rotor is a = 600°, Find the reaction4.8 A large centrifugal pamp operates at 6000 rpm and produces a head of 800m while the flow rate is 30,00UL/min. (a) Find the value of the specific speed. (b) Estimate the efficiency of the pamp, 49° A fan handles air at the rate of 500 L/s second when operating at 1800 rpm. (a) What is the flow rate ifthe same fan is operated at 3000 rpm? (b) What is the percentage increase in total pressure rise ofthe air assuming iacompressible flow? (c) What isthe power input required at 3600 rpm relative to that at 1800 rpm? Assume tat the operating point of the fan in terms ofthe dimensionless parameters isthe same in both cases, 4.10 An axial-flow pump having a rotor diameter of 20 cm handles water atthe rate of 60 L/s when operating at 1550 spm. The corresponding increase in ‘otal enthalpy of the water is 120 J/kg and the total-o-toial efficiency is 75%. Suppose that a second pump in the same series is to be designed to handle water having a rotor diameter of 30 em and ‘operating at 1750 rpm, For this second pump what will be the predicted values for (a) the flow rate, (b) the change in the total pressure of water, and (c) the input power? 4.11 A small centrifugal pump handles water atthe rate of 6 L/s with input power of 6 bp and total-to-total efficiency of 70%. Suppose that the fluid being handled is changed to gasoline having specific gravity 0.70, What are the predicted values for (a) flow rate, (b) input power, and (c) total pressure rise of the gasoline? 4.12 A blower handling air atthe rate of 240 L sat the inlet conditions of 103.1 kPa for total pressure and 288K for total temperature. It produces a pressure rise of air equal to 250num of water. Ifthe blower is operated at the same rotational speed, tut with an inlet total pressure and total temperature of 20 kPa and 253K. What are (a) the predicted value for the mass low rate and (b) the total pressure rise? 4,13 Consider a fan witha flow rate of 1500 cfim, cubic feet per minute (ft8/min)) and a shaft speed of 3600 spm. Ifa similar fan one half its size is to have the same tip speed, ‘what will the flow rate be at a dynamically similar operating condition? What is the ratio ‘of power consumption of the second fan compared to the first one? 4.14 A fan operating at 1750 rpm at a volumetric flow of 4.25m°/s develops a head of 1531 of water. Iris required io build a larger, geometrically similar fan that will deliver the same head at the same efficiency as the existing fan, but at the rotational speed of 1440 rpm. (a)Determine the volume flow rate of the larger fan. (b) Ifthe diameter ofthe original fan is 40 cm, what is the diameter of the larger fan’? (c) What are the specific speeds of these fans? 415 ‘The impeller of a centrifugal pump, with an outlet radius r2 = 8.75 cm and a blade Width bp = 0.7m, operates at 3550 rpm and produces a pressure tise of 522KPa at a flow rate of 1.51,/min, Assume that the inlet flow is axial and that the pump efficiency is 0.63. (a) Find the specific speed. (b) Show that Eq. (4.15) for work reduces to w (V2, + U} — W2,)/2, and calculate the work two ways and confirm that they are equal