Partial Differentiation

Implicit Functions

Problems on Implicit Functions :Q. If u=xlogxy and + + 1=0

Find at (1 , 1)
Solution:
ux,yx

=
+

= +

= + (, )

=1 + log(xy)

Now,
+ + 1=0
i.e. f(x,y)=0

=={ +}

Solved Problems

Partial Differentiation

Implicit Functions

Solved Problems

=(1+logxy) { +}

At (1, 1)

(+)

= ( + ) (+)
=11
=0

Q. If + ( + )+ =0

Find (1,1)
Solution:
i.e. f(x,y)=0
= + ( + )+ ( + ( + ))
At (1,1)
=1 (1+log2)
=1 (1+log2)
2

Partial Differentiation

Implicit Functions

Solved Problems

At (1,1)

= =1

Problems on Differentiation of 3 implicit variables.

If f(x,y,z)=0 then 2 is called implicit function of x
and y
z

Q. find

fx

fy

fx

fz

At (1,log2,log3)
Solution:
x + + =
i.e. f(x,y,z)=0

= +

=x +
=
At P= = 2+1=3
3

Partial Differentiation

Implicit Functions

= 2+3=5
=3(log2)=3log2
At P

= = =

= =

Q. =

( +)

P.T. =( )
Solution:
= (i)
Differentiate w.r.t. x

+ ) =

(
) =

Differentiate (ii) w.r.t. x

Solved Problems

Partial Differentiation

Implicit Functions

=
( )

(( ))

={ (
}
)

={

+
( )

}=( )

Q. If =
Show that at x=y=z
(i)
(ii)

()
=

( )

(+)

Solution:
=
xlogx + ylogy + zlogz = logc
differentiate w.r.t. x

(1+logx) +(1+logz)=0

(i)

Similarly

(1+logx) +(1+logz)=0

(ii)
5

Solved Problems

Partial Differentiation

Implicit Functions

Solved Problems

From (i) & (ii)

(+)

=
(+)

(+)

= (+)

Now differentiate (i) w.r.t y

(+)(+)

(1+logz) +

(+)

=0

(+)(+)

(+)

At x=y=z

(+)
(+)

(+)

=(+)=()

= ()
Now for (iii)
Differentiat (i) w.r.t. x

+ (1+log z) + { } = 0

(+ )

+ (1+log z) = {} = {(+ ) }

Partial Differentiation

Implicit Functions

+ =

Q.

P.T. + =
Solution:
+ =

(i)

Diff w.r.t x

2 = (22)

{ }

= {

} .(ii)
7

Solved Problems

Partial Differentiation

Implicit Functions

Solved Problems

Diff (i) w.r.t y

(2y) = (22)

Differentiate w.r.t. y

= {

{
}

= {

(iii)

(iii) & (iii)

=
{
}

= {{ } }

= { }

+
=

Partial Differentiation

Implicit Functions

u x ,y 0
If u = (x ,y )
(x ,y ) = 0
P.T

= + { }
=

Solved Problems

Partial Differentiation

Implicit Functions

Solved Problems

Partial differentiation of an implicit function

(u,v)= 0 in which z is an implicit function of x & y :

If ( , ) =0
Prove that

x. +y = 3z

Solution:
Let

u =

y=

Than (u,v) = 0
u,v x,y, () x,y

=0

{ }+ { }=0

10

Partial Differentiation

Implicit Functions

(i)

Similarly,

+ =0

}+

{ }=0

(ii)

from (i) & (ii)

=
=

y = 3zx

x+ y = 3z

11

Solved Problems

Partial Differentiation

Implicit Functions

Q. If F(u,v)=0
Where u=lx + my + nz
v= + +

P.T. (lymx)+(nymz) + (lznx) =0

=
+

( + ) +(2x+2z )=0

={

(i)

Similarly,

=
+

( + ) +(2x+2z )=0

12

Solved Problems

Partial Differentiation

Implicit Functions

={

Solved Problems

(ii)

From (i) & (ii)

2mx+ 2mz + 2nx +2nz =

2ly + 2zl + 2yn + 2nz

Simplification,

(ly mx)+(ny mz) + (lz nz) =0

Q. f(x, y)=0
(y, z)=0

P.T. =
Solution:

(i)

f(x, y)=0 =
13

Partial Differentiation

Implicit Functions

Solved Problems

(y,z)=0=
put in (i)

z.fy. =fx.y
Q. If f(p,v,t)=0
P.T.

=1

(i)

Treating v constant ,

Treating p constant ,

Treating t constant , =
Putting above in (i)
Treating v constant ,

. . ={

}{

} {

}=(1)

Q. f(x,y,z)=0
Where f is homogenous function of degree n then show that
14

Partial Differentiation

Implicit Functions

=xy =

Solved Problems

Solution:
f(x,y,z)=0
z is implicit function of (x, y)
fx , y, z x,y

= . + . + . =0

(i)

Similarly,

= .

(ii)

f is homogenous of degree n

x + + z = nf = n0=0
From (i) , (ii) , (iii)

x{ } +y{ . } + z =0

z=x. + y

(iv)

Differentiate w.r.t. x
15

(iii)

Partial Differentiation

Implicit Functions

x. + + y=
multiple above by x

()

= x y

differentiate (iv) w.r.t. y

x.

+ y.

multiply above by y

= xy

(vi)

From (v) and (vi) we get

xy =

16

Solved Problems