Mapas...

artculos de PNL
31/$UWtFXORV5HH[LRQHV7HFQRORJtDV'HVDUUROORV31/
31/SDUDFRPSDUWLUHQWUHDPLJRV\IDPLOLD6LWHDQLPDVFRPSiUWHOR

Axiomas
De la comunicacin humana1
Jessica Riveri Ceron
Sicloga UC., Master Trainer en PNL,
Especialista en Hipnosis y Constelaciones Familiares.
Directora GESTOR PNL, Chile Jessica Riveri

:DW]ODYLFN HV XQ DXWRU PX\ LPSRUWDQWH HQ OD SVLFRORJtD GH
ODV FRPXQLFDFLRQHV SLRQHUR GHO HQIRTXH SUDJPiWLFR GH ODV
FRPXQLFDFLRQHV0iVDOOiGHODFRUUHVSRQGHQFLDGHOOHQJXDMHFRQ
ODUHDOLGDGGHVGHHVWDPLUDGDVHHQIDWL]DODFUHDFLyQGHPXQGRVD
WUDYpVGHOOHQJXDMH&yPRPHGLDQWHODSDODEUDFUHDPRVUHDOLGDGHV
$WUDYpVGHORVD[LRPDVGHODFRPXQLFDFLyQDSUHQGHUiVGLVWLQFLRQHV
SDUD OD FRPSUHQVLyQ GH ODV UHODFLRQHV LQWHUSHUVRQDOHV -HVVLFD
5LYHUL KD HODERUDGR HQ HVWH DSXQWH XQD VtQWHVLV GH ORV DVSHFWRV
IXQGDPHQWDOHVGHOPRGHOR
6XJHUHQFLDV GH OHFWXUDV FRPSOHPHQWDULDV D ORV $[LRPDV GH OD
&RPXQLFDFLyQPRGHORSUDJPiWLFRGHODVFRPXQLFDFLRQHV
(VUHDOODUHDOLGDG"3DXO:DW]ODZLFN(G+HUGHU
/HQJXDMHGHO&DPELR3DXO:DW]ODZLFN(G+HUGHU
(ODUWHGHOFDPELR3DXO:DW]ODZLFN\*LRUJR1DUGRQH(G+HUGHU
/D1XHYD&RPXQLFDFLyQ%DWHVRQ\RWURV(G.DLURV
/DUHDOLGDG,QYHQWDGD3DXO:DW]ODZLFN(G*HGLVD



7HRUtDGHOD&RPXQLFDFLyQ+XPDQD3:DW]ODYLFN\RWURV(GLWRULDO+HLGHU

AXIOMA | 1
La Imposibilidad de No Comunicar
(OSULPHUD[LRPDGHODFRPXQLFDFLyQGLFHUHODFLyQFRQHOFDUiFWHU
FRPXQLFDWLYR GH OD FRQGXFWD QR KD\ QRFRQGXFWD R SDUD
H[SUHVDUOR GH RWUR PRGR HV LPSRVLEOH QR FRPSRUWDUVH 7RGD
FRQGXFWDHQXQDVLWXDFLyQGHLQWHUDFFLyQVRFLDOWLHQHXQYDORUGH
PHQVDMH HV GHFLU HV FRPXQLFDFLyQ  6H GHGXFH TXH SRU PXFKR
TXHXQRORLQWHQWHQRSXHGHGHMDUGHFRPXQLFDU
$FWLYLGDGRLQDFWLYLGDGSDODEUDVRVLOHQFLRWLHQHQVLHPSUHYDORU
GHPHQVDMHLQX\HQVREUHORVGHPiVTXLHQHVDVXYH]QRSXHGHQ
GHMDUGHUHVSRQGHUDWDOHVFRPXQLFDFLRQHV\SRUHQGHWDPELpQ
FRPXQLFDQ
(OKRPEUHVHQWDGRHQHOPRVWUDGRUGHXQUHVWDXUDQWHFRQODPLUDGD
SHUGLGD HQ HO YDFtR R HO SDVDMHUR GH XQ DYLyQ TXH SHUPDQHFH
VHQWDGR FRQ ORV RMRV FHUUDGRV FRPXQLFDQ TXH QR GHVHDQ KDEODU
FRQ QDGLH R TXH DOJXLHQ OHV KDEOH \ VXV YHFLQRV SRU OR JHQHUDO
FDSWDQHOPHQVDMH\UHVSRQGHQGHPDQHUDDGHFXDGDGHMiQGRORV
WUDQTXLORV  (YLGHQWHPHQWH HVWR FRQVWLWX\H XQ LQWHUFDPELR GH
FRPXQLFDFLyQ HQ OD PLVPD PHGLGD TXH XQD DFDORUDGD GLVFXVLyQ
XQDJUDWDFRQYHUVDFLyQRFKDUODFRQFRPSDxHURVGHWUDEDMR
TODA CONDUCTA ES COMUNICACIN

AXIOMA | 2
Niveles de Contenido y Relacin en la Comunicacin
(VWH D[LRPD HQIDWL]D HO FDUiFWHU GXDO GH OD FRPXQLFDFLyQ  8QD
FRPXQLFDFLyQ QR VyOR WUDQVPLWH LQIRUPDFLyQ VLQR TXH DO PLVPR
WLHPSR  VH DFRPSDxD GH FRQGXFWDV TXH FDOLFDQ HO VLJQLFDGR
DWULEXLGRDODLQIRUPDFLyQ([LVWHXQiPELWRGHFRQWHQLGRORTXH
VHGLFHHOFXDOHVFRQGLFLRQDGRSRUHOWLSRGHUHODFLyQH[LVWHQWH
HQHOSURFHVRFRPXQLFDWLYRFyPRVHGLFHGyQGHVHGLFH
(OSULPHURWUDQVPLWHORVGDWRVGHODFRPXQLFDFLyQ\HOVHJXQGR
FyPRGHEHHQWHQGHUVHGLFKDFRPXQLFDFLyQ(VXQDRUGHQ"8QD
SHWLFLyQ"RVyORHVXQDEURPD"GHQHQFRQWH[WRVGLVtPLOHVDXQD
DUPDFLyQFRPRPHMRUDWXFRQGXFWD(QHVWHVHQWLGRVHGLFH
TXHODUHODFLyQPHWDFRPXQLFDORTXHVHFRPXQLFD
/D UHODFLyQ VH H[SUHVD XVXDOPHQWH D WUDYpV GH JHVWRV SRVWXUDV
HQWRQDFLRQHVPRYLPLHQWRV\HOFRQWH[WRHVWRVDVSHFWRVFDOLFDQ
HOPHQVDMH\RIUHFHQXQDGHQLFLyQGHODFRPXQLFDFLyQ0XFKDV
YHFHVODGHQLFLyQGHODUHODFLyQHVLQFRQVFLHQWHRQRLQWHQFLRQDGD
8QDVSHFWRDWHQHUHQFRQVLGHUDFLyQHQHODQiOLVLVGHHVWHD[LRPD
HV TXH XQD GH ODV IXHQWHV PiV LPSRUWDQWHV GH FRQLFWRV HQ OD
FRPXQLFDFLyQ LQWHUSHUVRQDO VH GHULYD GH OD DPELJHGDG \R
LQFRQVLVWHQFLDHQWUHORTXHVHFRPXQLFD\ORTXHVHPHWDFRPXQLFD
LA RELACIN CONDICIONA EL CONTENIDO DE LA COMUNICACIN

AXIOMA | 3
La Puntuacin de la Secuencia de Hechos
/D VLJXLHQWH FDUDFWHUtVWLFD EiVLFD GH OD FRPXQLFDFLyQ VH UHHUH
DO LQWHUFDPELR GDGR HQWUH FRPXQLFDQWHV  /D QDWXUDOH]D GH XQD
UHODFLyQFRPXQLFDWLYDGHSHQGHGHODSXQWXDFLyQGHODVVHFXHQFLDV
UHDOL]DGDV HQWUH ORV FRPXQLFDQWHV 8Q SURFHVR FRPXQLFDWLYR VH
HQWLHQGH  FRPR XQD VHFXHQFLD LQWHUUXPSLGD GH LQWHUDFFLRQHV
HV GHFLU H[LVWH XQD UHODFLyQ GH LQWHUGHSHQGHQFLD HQWUH TXLHQHV
LQWHUDFW~DQ
&DGDSHUVRQDGHQHXQDSXQWXDFLyQHQODVHFXHQFLDGHORVKHFKRV
\RLQWHUFDPELRV'HVGHODSHUVSHFWLYDGHXQRGHORVFRPXQLFDQWHV
XQ SUREOHPD GDGR HV GHULYDGR GH OD FRQGXFWD GHVREHGLHQWH \
UHEHOGHGHORWURHQWDQWRTXHSDUDpVWHODGHQLFLyQSXHGHVHU
GDGDSRUODGRPLQDQFLD\DXWRULWDULVPRGHTXLHQLQWHUDFW~D
/D IDOWD GH DFXHUGR FRQ UHVSHFWR D OD PDQHUD GH SXQWXDU OD
VHFXHQFLDQGHKHFKRVHVODFDXVDGHLQFRQWDEOHVFRQLFWRVHQODV
UHODFLRQHV6XSRQJDPRVTXHXQDSDUHMDWLHQHXQSUREOHPDPDULWDO
DOTXHHOHVSRVRFRQWULEX\HFRQXQUHWUDLPLHQWRSDVLYRPLHQWUDV
TXHODPXMHUFRODERUDFRQVXVFUtWLFDVFRQVWDQWHV$OH[SOLFDUVXV
IUXVWUDFLRQHVHOPDULGRGLFHTXHVXUHWUDLPLHQWRQRHVPiVTXH
GHIHQVDFRQWUDORVFRQVWDQWHVUHJDxRVGHVXPXMHUPLHQWUDVTXH
pVWDGLUiTXHHVDH[SOLFDFLyQFRQVWLWX\HXQDGLVWRUVLyQLQWHQFLRQDO
GHORTXHUHDOPHQWHVXFHGHHQVXPDWULPRQLRHVWRHVTXHHOOD
ORFULWLFDGHELGRDVXSDVLYLGDG
'HVSRMDGDV GH WRGRV ORV HOHPHQWRV IRUWXLWRV VXV GLVFXVLRQHV
FRQVLVWHQHQXQLQWHUFDPELRPRQyWRQRGHHVWRVPHQVDMHV
0HUHWUDLJRSRUTXHPHUHJDxDV\7HUHJDxRSRUTXHWHUHWUDHV
EXISTEN DISTINTOS PUNTOS DE VISTA EN LAS COMUNICACIONES

AXIOMA | 4
Comunicacin Digital y Analgica
(QODFRPXQLFDFLyQKXPDQDHVSRVLEOHUHIHULUVHDORVREMHWRVHQ
HOVHQWLGRPiVDPSOLRGHOWpUPLQRGHGRVPDQHUDVWRWDOPHQWH
GLVWLQWDV  6H ORV SXHGH UHSUHVHQWDU SRU XQ VtPLO WDO FRPR XQ
GLEXMRXQDUHSUHVHQWDFLyQRJHVWRRELHQPHGLDQWHXQQRPEUHR
SDODEUD
(OOHQJXDMHGLJLWDODWUDYpVGHODSDODEUDFXHQWDFRQXQDVLQWD[LV
OyJLFD VXPDPHQWH FRPSOHMD \ SRGHURVD  6H XWLOL]D XQD SDODEUD
SDUDQRPEUDUDOJRVLHQGRODUHODFLyQHQWUHHOQRPEUH\ODFRVD
QRPEUDGD DUELWUDULDPHQWH HVWDEOHFLGD  /DV SDODEUDV VRQ VLJQRV
TXHVHPDQHMDQGHDFXHUGRFRQODVLQWD[LVOyJLFDGHOOHQJXDMH1R
H[LVWHQLQJ~QPRWLYRSRUHOFXDOODVFXDWUROHWUDVJDWRGHQRWDQ
DXQDQLPDOSDUWLFXODU6HWUDWDVyORGHXQDFRQYHQFLyQVHPiQWLFD
GHOOHQJXDMHHVSDxROTXHSHUPLWHXQDGHQLFLyQLQHTXtYRFDGHOD
QDWXUDOH]DGHODVUHODFLRQHV
3RURWURODGRHQODFRPXQLFDFLyQDQDOyJLFDODUHSUHVHQWDFLyQGHO
REMHWRWLHQHXQDUHODFLyQPiVGLUHFWD\HVWUHFKDFRQODUHDOLGDG
D OD FXDO UHSUHVHQWD &RPSDUDWLYDPHQWH OD FRPXQLFDFLyQ
DQDOyJLFD FRQVWLWX\H XQD H[SUHVLyQ PiV HYLGHQWH \ XQLYHUVDO GH
VX UHIHUHQWH  3DUD HMHPSOLFDU PiV HO FRQFHSWR OD H[SUHVLyQ
DQDOyJLFD GHO 7(025 LQFOX\H PRYLPLHQWR GH KXLGD WHPEORUHV
FRUSRUDOHV\SDOLGH]HQWUHRWURVHQFXDOTXLHUUD]DHQFXDOTXLHU
FXOWXUD HQ FXDOTXLHU SDtV \ D FXDOTXLHU HGDG 6LQ HPEDUJR HO
PDUJHQ GH VLJQLFDFLRQHV GH OD FRPXQLFDFLyQ DQDOyJLFD HV PiV
DPSOLR\PHQRVSUHFLVR$TXtVHLQFOX\HYLUWXDOPHQWHWRGRORTXH
VHDFRPXQLFDFLyQQRYHUEDOJHVWRVVHxDOHVHQWUHRWURVORVTXH
PXFKDVYHFHVSRVHHQPiUJHQHVGHDPELJHGDGVHSXHGHOORUDU
GHSHQDRGHIHOLFLGDG
COMUNICACIN A TRAVS DE LA PALABRA Y LENGUAJE NO-
VERBAL

AXIOMA | 5
Interaccin Simtrica y Complementaria
/DFRPXQLFDFLyQVLHPSUHVHGDHQXQDLQWHUDFFLyQFRQRWURVVLHQGR
pVWD XQD UHODFLyQ EDVDGD HQ OD LJXDOGDG R HQ OD GLIHUHQFLD (Q
HOSULPHUFDVRORVSDUWLFLSDQWHVWLHQGHQDLJXDODUHVSDFLDOPHQWH
VX FRQGXFWD UHFtSURFD \ DVt VX LQWHUDFFLyQ SXHGH FRQVLGHUDUVH
VLPpWULFD  6H FDUDFWHUL]D SRU OD LJXDOGDG \ SRU OD GLIHUHQFLD
PtQLPD/RVPLHPEURVGHHVWHWLSRGHUHODFLyQWLHQGHQDDFHQWXDU
VX LJXDOGDG FRQ UHVSHFWR D VXV UHVSRQVDELOLGDGHV GHUHFKRV
REOLJDFLRQHV \ DO WLSR GH FRPSRUWDPLHQWR UHFtSURFR TXH GHEHQ
PDQWHQHU
(Q HO VHJXQGR FDVR OD FRQGXFWD GH XQR GH ORV SDUWLFLSDQWHV
FRPSOHPHQWD OD GHO RWUR  ([LVWHQ GRV SRVLFLRQHV GLVWLQWDV XQ
SDUWLFLSDQWHRFXSDODSRVLFLyQVXSHULRURSULPDULDPLHQWUDVTXH
HORWURRFXSDODSRVLFLyQFRUUHVSRQGLHQWHLQIHULRURVHFXQGDULD
8QD UHODFLyQ FRPSOHPHQWDULD SXHGH HVWDU HVWDEOHFLGD SRU HO
FRQWH[WR VRFLDO R FXOWXUDO FRPR HQ ORV FDVRV GH PDGUH H KLMR
PpGLFR\SDFLHQWHPDHVWUR\DOXPQRRVHUGHOHVWLORSURSLRGH
UHODFLyQGHXQDGtDGDSDUWLFXODU
(QFXDOTXLHUDGHORVGRVFDVRVHVLPSRUWDQWHGHVWDFDUHOFDUiFWHU
GH PXWXR HQFDMH GH OD UHODFLyQ HQ OD TXH DPEDV FRQGXFWDV
GLVtPLOHVSHURLQWHUUHODFLRQDGDVWLHQGHQFDGDXQDDIDYRUHFHUD
ODRWUD8QDQRSRGUtDH[LVWLUVLQUHODFLyQDODRWUD1LQJXQRGHORV
SDUWLFLSDQWHV LPSRQH DO RWUR XQD UHODFLyQ FRPSOHPHQWDULD VLQR
TXHFDGDXQDGHHOORVVHFRPSRUWDGHXQDPDQHUDTXHSUHVXSRQH
ODFRQGXFWDGHORWURDOWLHPSRTXHRIUHFHPRWLYRSDUDHOOD