CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project has been satisfactorily performed by Master
RUSHIL AGGARWAL studying in NAVY CHILDREN SCHOOL of class XII-A under the
guidance of Mr. Rajesh Srinivasan during the academic year 2015-2016.

Signature of Head Of Department

Signature of External Examiner

School Stamp

Acknowledgement
I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my Physics
mentors Mr. Rajesh and Mr. Govind for their vital
support, guidance and encouragement without which
this project would not have come forth from my side.
I would like to express my heartily gratitude to the lab
incharge , Mr. Ram for his support during the making of
this project .
I would like to thank my parents and friends who have
helped me with their valuable suggestions and guidance
has been helpful in various phases of the completion of
the project.
I would like to acknowledge the Almighty God who made
all the things possible.

Contents

OBJECTIVE
THEORY
CONSTRUCTION

ADVANTAGES
APPLICATION
BIBLIOGRAPHY

OBJECTIVE
In this project, the objective is to study the
mechanism and working of a solar car and
to explore the application of renewable
energy in building model cars.

THEORY
Introduction
A solar car is an electric vehicle powered by solar energy
obtained from solar panels on the surface of the vehicle.

Solar cars combine technology typically used in the aerospace,

bicycle, alternative energy and automotive industries. The
design of a solar vehicle is severely limited by the amount of
energy input into the car.
Solar cars depend on a solar array that uses photovoltaic cells
(PV cells).The Solar Electric Vehicle system was designed and
engineered as an easy to install (2 to 3 hours) integrated
accessory system with a custom molded low profile solar
module, supplemental battery pack and a proven charge
controlling system
As an alternative, a battery-powered electric vehicle may use
a solar array to recharge; the array may be connected to the
general electrical distribution grid
.

Difference between Conventional Vehicle

and Solar Vehicle
A Solar vehicle operates in a significantly different fashion from
a regular vehicle. Regular cars use the internal combustion engine
. These engines, until very recently, used gasoline or diesel fuel
made from petroleum, a fossil fuel. The engine works by literally
burning the fuel, which creates heat and causes expansion of
gases, directly causing movement of pistons in the engine.
A perfect combustion reaction would leave only carbon dioxide
and water. However, perfect combustion is impossible, so these
engines also emit carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides and
particulate pollution--all of which contribute to air pollution

Solar cars depend on PV cells to convert sunlight into

electricity to drive electric motors. Unlike solar thermal energy
which converts solar energy to heat, PV cells directly convert
sunlight into electricity.

Solar Car Schematics

CONSTRUCTION
Solar car consists of :

SOLAR ARRAY

POWER TRACKERS

ELECTRIC MOTOR

SPEED CONTROLLER

CHASSIS

BATTERY

WHEEL

Solar Array
The solar array consists of hundreds of photovoltaic solar cells
converting light into electricity. The solar array is the vehicles
only source of power. The power from the array is used either
to power the electric motor or stored in the battery pack for
later use

Power Trackers
Power trackers condition the electricity coming from the solar
array to maximize the power and deliver it either to the
batteries for storage or to the motor controller for propulsion.
When the solar array is charging the batteries, the power
trackers help to protect the batteries from being damaged by
overcharging. Power trackers can be very lightweight and
commonly reach efficiencies above 95%

Electric Motor
An electric motor is the basic and the most important part of a
solar car. It should work with optimal power and the efficiency
should be high . An electric motor is a device using electrical
energy to produce mechanical energy, nearly always by the
interaction of magnetic fields and current-carrying conductors

Speed Controller
The purpose of a motor speed controller is to take a signal
representing the demanded speed, and to drive a motor at
that speed.

Chassis
The primary challenge in developing an effective solar car
chassis is to maximize the strength and safety, but minimize
the weight. However, safety is a primary concern and the
chassis must meet stringent strength and safety requirements.

Battery
Battery is the main power supply of a vehicle , a battery is a
device that stores chemical energy and makes it available in an
electrical form.

Wheel
Span tyres are used as it is light and has low traction with the
road. The light tyre does not require greater force to move
faster.

ADVANTAGES
Eco-friendly
One of the most significant benefits of a solar powered vehicle is that it is
highly nature-friendly. Solar powered automobiles produce a negligible
amount of greenhouse gasses that are responsible for the depletion of the
protective ozone layer.

Renewable and Infinite Source of Energy

The sun is one of the biggest renewable sources of energy and running solar
powered vehicles does not require any natural resources that are on the verge
of extinction.

Gasoline Independence
A solar based car is gasoline independent. A traditional car adds to the all
ready high air pollution levels, whereas, a solar powered car does not produce
any harmful emissions.

Solar Cars are Noiseless

A solar powered car is exceptionally quiet and runs noiselessly, thereby,
cutting the noise pollution that comes complimentary with fuel-driven cars.

Longer Life Span

A solar car can easily last decades without any expensive regular upkeep.

Low Maintenance
The solar vehicles are specially designed to be low maintenance and can be
easily maintained to last years with general cleaning of the solar panels.

APPLICATION
This concept can be utilized to build a
single sitter four wheel vehicles in practice.
It can be extended to more commercial
form of four wheeler vehicle.
In industry where small vehicles are used
to perform light weight conveys work from
one place to other place.
It can be used in places where , fuel based
vehicles are banned due to production of
pollution and noise
In space exploration vehicles where
conventional source of energy cannot be
used.

Bibliography
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_car
auto.howstuffworks.com/fuel-efficiency
www.solarpoweredcar.org
www.miniscience.com/kits/SOLAR
www.tafesa.edu.au/solarcar_works