Indeterminate Forms

Problems on Series

Solved Problems

Examples Based on Series:-

Example 1 :

Lim tanh x 2 sin x x

x0
x5

Soln.:
(

) = ()

tanh x = x x3 + x5 + terms in x

Since

sin x = x ! +

( +

+ terms in x

+ )( + + )+

! !

=
(

( +

+ )( + + )++

= (

= (

) +

) +

= (() + )

=
Ans.:

Indeterminate Forms

Example 2 :

Problems on Series

Solved Problems

Lim 2 (cosh x 1 ) 1 / x 2

x0
x2

Soln.:

()
(
)

()
(
) =( )

()
(
)

x0=

log l =

()

Since

cosh x = 1 + ! +

)=( )

= 1 + ! + terms in x

= ( ( +

+ ))

= (( + + ))

Now log (1 + t) = t

= { () () + }

= { }

Ans.:

log l = so that l = e1/12

e1/12
2

Indeterminate Forms

Problems on Series

Example 3 : {

(+)/

Solved Problems

Soln.:
{

(+)/

Let us first expand (1 + x2)1/x into a series up to a

minimum of second degree.
ax = exloga

Since,

(1+x) =

( )( +

( +

.)

.)

( +

= e1 .
1

=e { + {

t2 t3
log(1 t) t ......
2 3

( )((+))

1/x

.)

}+

} + }

t t2 t3
e t 1 ....
1! 2! 3!

=e { +
collected only upto x2)

..+

+}

=e1{ + ( + ) + }

= e1 { + () + } (1)

(+)/

} = ()
3

(terms

Indeterminate Forms

Problems on Series

= {

Solved Problems

( + ( )+ )

= {

= {

( + ( )+ )

( ( )+ )

= {( + )}

= e1.(11/24)
=
Ans.:

Example 4 : If

Lim x (a b cos x ) c sin x

x0
x5

= 1. Find the values of a,

b, c.
Soln.:
{

(+.)

(+.)

} = ()

=

! !

! !

{+{ + +.. }{ + +.. }}

Indeterminate Forms

Problems on Series

= {

(++)+(

Put

Solved Problems

+ ) +( + ) +

a +b c= 0

(1)

+ = 0

(2)

= {

) +

( +

= {( + ) + }

= +

+ = 1 (given)

(3)

Solving equations (1, (2), (3), we get a, b, c

a+ b c= 0

+ = 0

+ = 1

or 3 b + c= 0
or

5b c= 120

(4)
(5)

adding equations (4) and (5),

2b= 120 or

b= 60

from equation (2), c= 3b = 180

from equation (1) a= c b = 180 60 = 120

Ans.:

(a, b, c)= (120, 60, 180)

a= 120, b = 60, c= 180

Indeterminate Forms

Example 5 : If

Problems on Series

Lim a sin 2 x b log cos x

x 0
x4

Solved Problems

= 1 find a and b
2

Soln.:
{

} =()

.+.(

= {

= {

} = ()

} =(

Put 2a b= 0

(1)

= {

= {

( . + )

or

(2)

Adding equations (1) and (2).

6a = 6
Ans.:

a= 1

= () (given)

4a+ b= 6

So that

} = ( )

a= 1 , b = 2

b = 2

Indeterminate Forms

Example 6 :

Problems on Series

Solved Problems

Lim
sin( x cos x )
x 2 cos( x sin x )

Soln.:
()

{()}

()

{()} =()

()(+)

= { ()(+) }
/

( .+)

= (+)

= /2
Ans.:

/2