Jacobians

Functional Dependence

Solved Problems

Functional Dependence:1) If u = x/y, v = y/x verify whether u,v are functionally

dependent and if so find the relation between them.
Solution:Given thatu = x/y
Differentiating w.r.t x,

Differentiating w.r.t y,

v = y/x
Differentiating w.r.t x,

Differentiating w.r.t y,

/
=
|
(,)
/

(,)

/
|=0
/

Hence u,v are functionally dependent.

1

Jacobians

Functional Dependence

Solved Problems

2) If u = , v = () verify whether u,v are functionally

dependent. If so find the relation between them.
Solution:We have,

().(+).
()

= - ()

().(+).()
()

= y.

() ..()
()

= ()
(+)

= - ()

() ..()()

= x.

()

(+)
()

Now,
(,)

=
(,)

(+)
()

(+)
()

=0

Hence u,v are functionally dependent.

To find the relation we use the following algebraic
identity,
(x+y)2 (x-y)2 = 4xy
(+)

1 = ()
()
u2 1 =4v.
2

Jacobians

Functional Dependence

Solved Problems

This is the required relation.

3) Verify whether u = +, v = + are functionally dependent

and if so find the relation between them.
Solution:Let z be constant.
(+).().

(+)

(+).()().

= (+)

(+)
(+).(+).
(+)
(+).(+).
(+)
+

(,)
(,)

= +

= +
+

= (+)

(+)
|
+

+
+

(+)

= (+)(+) + (+)(+) = 0
u,v are functionally dependent.
To find the functional relation between u and v we
eliminate x between

u = + --------(i)
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Jacobians

Functional Dependence

Solved Problems

v = + ------- (ii)
Now, from (i)
ux = uz = x y
ux x = - y uz
x(u-1) = - y uz
Substituting this value of x in (2),
v=

(+)
+

+
()(+)

v = ()(+) =
4) Are x + y - z, x y + z, x2 + y2 + z2 2yz functionally
dependent?
If so find the relation between them.
Solution:Let u = x + y z, v = x y + z, w = x2 + y2 + z2 2yz
(,,)
(,,)

=|

By C3 >(-1)C3
(,,)
(,,)

= |

| = 0

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Jacobians

Functional Dependence

Solved Problems

u,v,w are functionally dependent.

Now,
u + v = x + y z + x y + z = 2x
u v = x + y z + x + y z = 2(y-z)
But,
w = x2 + (y-z)2
+
)

w=(

+(

= (u2 + v2)

u2 + v2 = 2w is the required relation.

If u = xy + yz + xz
v = + +
w=x+y+z
Determine whether there is functional relationship between
u,v,w if so find it

(,,)
= | |
(,,)

+ + +
= |

R1 + R2
5

Jacobians

Functional Dependence

++
= |

++ ++

= ( + + ) | |

=

(,,)
(,,)

There is functional relationship between u,v,w.

= ( + + )
= + + + ( + + )
= v+2y

2u + v = 0

Solved Problems