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DEPARTMENT OF STATE
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Sea Life
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celebrates 175 years. with National Geographic.
Bratislava PAGE 22
Issue
Issue 522
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FEATURES
07 A National Treasure
Great Seal links founding fathers to modern
diplomacy. ON THE COVER
The Department opens
new doors by embracing
the World Wide Web.
SPECIAL REPORT: STATE ON THE WEB Artwork by David L. Johnston
18 War-Zone Volunteers
38 Medical Report
Different factors attract Civil Service employees 40 Education & Training
to Iraq duty.
41 Obituaries
20 Developing Relationships
USAID scholarships strengthen rural Mexico. 43 Retirements
07
20
D.G. HARRY K.
THOMAS
To the Rescue
Embassy’s Contract Security Staff Saves Polish Ambassador
On January 25, Poland’s ambassador to Iraq, Edward while evacuating the wounded. Ambassador Pietrzyk was flown
Pietrzyk, honored the heroism of 18 members of the U.S. to a combat surgical hospital and later to Poland. After several
Embassy in Baghdad’s regional security office who helped months of treatment, he returned to Iraq.
rescue his motorcade when it came under attack in Baghdad In the award ceremony, with gloves still protecting his badly
in October. burned hands, the ambassador pinned on the shirts of his
The motorcade was struck by four roadside bombs and a rescuers Poland’s Silver and Bronze Star medals, the first time
barrage of small-arms fire from more than two dozen assailants. these awards had been given to foreigners since World War II.
One member of the Polish Special Forces security detail was Attending were U.S. Ambassador Ryan Crocker and General
killed, several were wounded and Pietrzyk was severely burned. David Petraeus, commander of the Multi-National Forces-Iraq.
During the midday attack, the Polish security detail contacted Ambassador Crocker noted the long history of Polish-U.S.
the RSO’s tactical operation center, which dispatched two heli- mutual assistance.
copters. The arriving personnel found the motorcade group The award recipients are employees of the contractor Black-
sheltering in a residential compound and provided first aid water and work with the RSO to protect Mission Iraq staff.
Deputy
from Director General Harry K. luncheon for 250 in the Benjamin
Thomas, Jr. in the Dean Acheson Franklin Room, where Ambassador
Auditorium and the awarding of the Thomas will award the Director
Foreign Service Cup to a retired
ambassador by the president of
Diplomatic and Consular Officers,
General’s Cups for the Civil and
Foreign Services. Ambassador J.
Stapleton Roy, former U.S. Ambas-
Secretary
Retired. The keynote address will be
given by Deputy Secretary John D.
sador to the People’s Republic of
China, Singapore and Indonesia, Negroponte
to Keynote
Negroponte, who will also preside and former Assistant Secretary of
over the annual American Foreign State for Intelligence and Research,
Service Association’s Memorial will deliver the luncheon address.
Foreign
Plaque ceremony honoring foreign Due to limited seating only the first
affairs agency employees killed in 250 luncheon reservations can be
the line of duty. accepted on a “first come, first
Affairs Day
The day will also feature seminars served” basis.
on regional issues, sponsored by Foreign Affairs Day, which began
the geographic bureaus, on public in 1965, includes Foreign and Civil
diplomacy, on consular affairs and Service retirees. More than 600
on retirement issues. The retirement people registered for the 2007
seminar will be led by Patricia event.
EMBASSY HOSTS CONSULAR LEADERSHIP DAY
The U.S. Embassy in Mexico City has a consular section of more In ACS, LE staff served as officers, adjudicating passport applica-
than 20 entry-level officers and processes approximately 2,000 visas tions and handling such portfolios as arrests and death
daily. In January, the section used one of the 10 leadership tenets of notifications. They then became passport applicants, while the offi-
the Bureau of Consular Affairs as the theme for its Consular Lead- cers learned how to enroll and process applications. Participants
ership Day. were given questionnaires and encouraged to provide feedback.
A team led by Consul General Sylvia Johnson, American citizen Next, the group discussed what it had learned, what
services chief Scott Cecil, nonimmigrant visa chief Joe Pomper and improvements could be made and how customer service could be
deputy NIV chiefs Melissa Bishop and Andrew McClearn chose the enhanced. Each small group then presented its ideas to the entire
tenet “Learn Constantly.” Assistant Secretary for Consular Affairs section and acknowledged the need to offer applicants greater
Maura Harty, who served her first Foreign Service tour in Mexico empathy. Suggestions put forth included simplifying the enrollment
City in 1982, attended the event. process, providing more information to applicants and rewording
The January 29 event began with a role-reversal exercise in which the refusal remarks given to unqualified applicants. LE staff and
each officer experienced what a Locally Employed staff member officers expressed appreciation for the difficulty of each other’s
goes through every day and vice versa. All experienced what it’s like work and a newfound understanding of the challenges each faces.
to be a visa applicant. In the NIV section, LE staff members became At lunch, Assistant Secretary Harty spoke about the lessons
both visa applicants and visa adjudicators, and officers took on LE learned and her time in Mexico City, and then led a spirited game
staff responsibilities to enroll and process applicants. They later of Consular Jeopardy, with categories such as passports, NIVs and
role-played applicants. American citizen services.
Ed Warner
Deputy Editor
Bill Palmer
Writer/Editor
David L. Johnston
Art Director
Kelly Clements
On February 1, U.S. Embassy in Madrid employees, shown at the ambassador’s Annette R. Cocchiaro
residence, wore red to celebrate National Wear Red Day, in support of women’s heart- State Magazine (ISSN 1099–4165) is
disease awareness. Female employees also were given name tags with the Heart Truth logo, published monthly, except bimonthly in
and all staff received a wallet card from the Heart Truth Web site. July and August, by the U.S. Department
of State, 2201 C St., N.W., Washington,
DC. Periodicals postage paid at
Working with the Bureau of Human Resources’ Executive Office, the Office of Civil CHANGE OF ADDRESS
Service Personnel is automating several Civil Service processes. The Human Resources
Workflow Automation Tracking System, formerly called HR Tracking, is currently being Send changes of address to State Maga-
tested and piloted with several bureaus. zine, 2401 E Street, N.W., SA-1, Room
H-236, Washington, DC 20522-0108. You
To bring HR processing into the 21st century, HR WATS is a customized resource for may also e-mail address changes to
hiring managers, HR team leads, supervisors and HR specialists. Based on the Metastorm statemagazine@state.gov.
commercial off-the-shelf software, HR WATS tracks and measures business process
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prompts, areas for attachments and remarks or comments, a to-do list for outstanding
actions, a watch list to view an action’s progression through the process, an archive and State Magazine is available by paid
automatically generated e-mail alerts and reminders. subscription through the U.S.
Government Printing Office by telephone
HR now has a consolidated resource to track requests for classifications, vacancy
at (202) 512-1800 or on the web at
announcements, superior qualifications, appointments, interagency details and other HR http://bookstore.gpo.gov.
processes. Hiring managers and HR specialists, as well as upper management, will be able
to initiate, track and view the status SUBMISSIONS
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Additional HR processes will be or send your request in writing to
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The submission deadline for the June
2008. Offices or bureaus wishing to issue is April 15. The deadline for the
participate should contact Marcia July/August issue is May 30.
Savoie at (202) 663-2129.
GREAT SEAL LINKS FOUNDING FATHERS TO MODERN DIPLOMACY
A NATIONAL
TREASURE BY STEPHEN ESTRADA
The Great Seal of the United States is a The Great Seal is also the subject of a by the Bureau of Public Affairs’ U.S. Diplo-
small, engraved metal plate whose imprint new exhibition at Main State marking its macy Center, which increases awareness of
is used—strictly by the Department of 225th anniversary. The exhibit was created diplomacy and the Department’s work
State—to make official a variety of federal
documents, including treaties, diplomatic
envelopes and Presidential commissions.
The eagle and shield, olive branch and
arrows and array of 13 stars representing
the 13 colonies on the Seal’s front are
powerful symbols reflecting the unity,
resolve and independence of the United
States. On the reverse, the watchful eye
above an unfinished pyramid represents
Providence looking kindly upon a new
republic. Both of these images, from the
back of the dollar bill, were highlighted in
the 2004 film National Treasure.
PHOTOGRAPHS: ED WARNER
SECRETARY OPENS
bill. Inscribed there is the unfinished pyramid
with 13 rows of granite, one for each of the new
American states. Does it contain a hidden,
possibly malevolent message or Masonic rune?
Probably not. Though some founding fathers may
have been Freemasons, these symbols were circu-
GREAT SEAL EXHIBIT
lated throughout the literature of educated people In February, Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice inaugurated a new exhibit on
at the time. The unfinished pyramid beneath a the Great Seal of the United States at Main State by noting how the seal’s motto
Providential eye represents a remarkably “underlined what America would stand for through the course of history.”
fortuitous notion: that the nation is blessed with The founding fathers used the motto “novus ordo seclorum” (new order of the
liberty built on the strong foundation of democ- ages) to show the nation was “a new idea on the world scene,” she said. A highlight
racy, and democracy is ever a work in progress. of the opening ceremony, in the exhibit hall near the cafeteria, was a showing of
The exhibit is also on the Diplomacy Center’s the original 1782 die of the seal. Metal dies imprint a seal into paper.
Web site, http://diplomacy.state. gov. A The State Department places the seal on all official documents that require it,
Department publication on the Seal is available including the commissions of Cabinet secretaries. This caused Rice to joke that, on
online at http://www.state.gov/documents/ becoming Secretary, she had asked “Why am I signing these commissions for other
organization/27807.pdf. ■ people?” Rice is the 66th Keeper of the Seal, a duty that dates to Thomas Jefferson.
Over the years, the seal “has stood for this nation’s determination,” said U.S.
The author is director of the U.S. Diplomacy Center. National Archivist Dr. Allen Weinstein, who also spoke at the ceremony.
going to be heard in the clatter of cyberspace and Already, those who are passionate about global issues and/or foreign policy
span generational divides,” IIP Coordinator Curtin and want to connect with like-minded individuals are checking out the Careers
said. “This is a very exciting time for us.” ■ in Foreign Affairs group at http://www.facebook.com/group.php?gid=
10328646356&ref=share. They can also become fans of the Department of State
The author is an IIP staff writer. at http://www.facebook.com/pages/US-Department-of-State/21076301296.
Mission Mexico’s blog team includes, front row from left, Emily
Fertik, Ana Maria Prieto-Danaher, Leslie Bassett, Eva Sibaja
and Jason Seymour. Back row from left: Julia Tully, June
Williamson, Janelle Guest, Sergio Moreno and the author.
PHOTOGRAPHS: ED WARNER
O
n a recent visit to Mexico, arships Program. TIES was created in 2001 A Collaboration
President Bush met with as part of an initiative with Mexico to TIES reflects a collaboration between the
several students who, strengthen the bilateral relationship through U.S. government and higher education insti-
with funding from the increased competitiveness and promoting tutions from both countries. The U.S.
U.S. Agency for Interna- better living standards for Mexicans. The government has contributed $35 million to
tional Development, had program supports scholarships for TIES, and other collaborating partners,
studied in the United States and returned to disadvantaged youth and teachers, and including participating universities and their
Mexico to improve their communities. university partnerships that include faculty public and private allies, have contributed
The youth and teachers with whom the exchanges, development of new or improved an additional $15 million. Over its six years,
President met had participated in the curricula and joint research on innovative through 60 university partnerships and
Training, Internships, Exchanges and Schol- technologies for rural communities. more than 975 long-term scholarships, TIES
has enhanced Mexican higher education. • Lamar University and Instituto my rural community, and to grow
The TIES partnerships focus on increased Tecnológico de Saltillo developed a new professionally and personally, and visualize
productivity, water resource management, technology to remove arsenic from water, myself as an agent of change for our families
access to rural finance, improved rule of law resulting in a patent that is being commer- and communities,” said Francisco Flores, of
for indigenous people and preventing the cialized by their private sector partners in Mexico’s San Luis Potosí state, who studied
spread of HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis. The Mexico and Central America. computer information technology at
wide range of partners includes businesses, Kentucky State University.
nongovernmental organizations, Scholarships for Opportunity Flores said the experience “completely
government agencies and rural Scholarships for youth and teachers changed my outlook and helped me become
communities. address the lack of opportunity to pursue a community leader.” Formerly a city treas-
TIES has many success stories, including: higher education in some of the poorest urer, he now teaches at a university and
• San Diego State University and the regions of Mexico. Talented students receive directs a distance-learning institution.
Universidad Autónoma de Baja California in two-year scholarships to study at U.S. TIES shows how the United States and
the city of Mexicali, Mexico, developed a community colleges to improve their tech- Mexico can work together through the
joint master’s degree program on nical skills so they can better address personal experiences of students and
transborder public administration and development in their communities. The teachers, who strengthen their nations’
governance for the U.S.-Mexico border program also provides one-year scholarships personal and institutional ties and promote
region, improving cross-border cooperation. to rural Mexican teachers to strengthen better understanding.
• The University of Texas at San Antonio, rural primary education for indigenous chil- As President Bush said during his
Universidad Veracruzana in the State of dren, often in multi-grade, bilingual Mexico visit: “One of the best things
Veracruz and the Mexican Association of classrooms. America can do is help people realize their
Small Business Development Centers are Scholarship recipients return to their dreams. The best way to realize dreams is
jointly helping small businesses grow by communities to apply their technical skills through education.” ■
promoting job creation and will help more and implement community service projects.
than 750,000 U.S. and Mexican small busi- “This scholarship allowed me to continue The author is USAID Mexico’s public affairs
nesses capitalize on trade opportunities. my studies, an opportunity I did not have in specialist.
COUNTRY>>> Slovakia
CAPITAL>>> Bratislava
A
stroll down the streets of
Bratislava—renowned as the corona-
tion city of 11 Austro-Hungarian
Empire monarchs between 1536 and
1830—is a visual lesson in the
economic and cultural power tradi-
tionally centered in Slovakia’s
capital city. Historical
landmarks abound,
including the site of the six-
year-old Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart’s first
concert. Palaces and the U.S. Embassy are
only steps from the Danube River, along
which one can cycle, run or rollerblade
into two other countries in the course of
an afternoon.
One of the factors making the U.S. Embassy in the embassy could cooperate with the current
Bratislava an exciting and dynamic post is the government, improve the foundation for building educa-
entrepreneurial spirit of this 15-year-old country, which tional exchanges and demonstrate U.S. commitment to a
has pushed its economic growth rate into the “Asian tiger” more prosperous and democratic Slovakia.
range. Having built a democracy, strong civil society and The country’s emergence from a command economy
vibrant, private-sector-led economy on the ashes of an and repressive regime gave the Slovaks unmatched,
authoritarian post-communist system, Slovaks have set hands-on experience in developing democratic
their sights on being the first in their neighborhood to institutions and reforming the economy. The U.S.
adopt the Euro—in early 2009. Embassy in Bratislava identified this Slovak strength and
The U.S. Embassy in Bratislava faces new challenges in began to devote resources to support the many civil-
gaining the support of the Slovak coalition government society-building projects of Slovak nongovernmental
that came to power in June 2006. As memory fades organizations.
regarding the U.S. contribution to the fall of communism With the active help of the embassy, Slovaks are
and its support for Slovak membership in the European training Afghan journalists in the basics of journalism and
Union and North Atlantic Treaty Organization, the Kazakh local officials in good governance. Other Slovak
embassy is gearing up to be more proactive in NGOs encourage and advise Cuban dissidents and guide
demonstrating the value of strong bilateral and Balkan governments toward Euro-Atlantic integration.
transatlantic ties. Although Slovaks do not always agree with U.S. policy,
they almost universally admire the quality, innovativeness
U.S. Investment and openness of the American higher educational system.
Facing a time of limited resources, recently arrived Part of the embassy’s mission is to burnish that U.S.
Ambassador Vincent Obsitnik brought a fresh pair of eyes image by establishing new ties between U.S. and Slovak
to this challenge. Born in eastern Slovakia, he made universities and helping bring the best practices of Amer-
bringing U.S. investment to that less-developed part of ican universities to the Slovak institutions that are
the country a mission priority. This is an issue on which training future political, economic and scientific leaders.
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MC TO CM GENERALIST CLASS 02 TO CLASS 01
CLASSWIDE MANAGEMENT 29 1 3.4 6.0 6.5 28.4 26.5 CLASSWIDE MANAGEMENT 149 9 6.0 5.6 7.3 15.7 17.2
CLASSWIDE CONSULAR 14 0 0.0 6.3 0.0 30.7 0.0 CLASSWIDE CONSULAR 159 8 5.0 5.0 6.8 16.5 19.5
CLASSWIDE ECONOMIC 36 0 0.0 6.0 0.0 29.0 0.0 CLASSWIDE ECONOMIC 222 11 5.0 5.2 6.6 16.2 17.6
CLASSWIDE POLITICAL 52 3 5.8 6.3 6.2 29.1 28.6 CLASSWIDE POLITICAL 276 26 9.4 5.2 5.8 15.8 15.5
CLASSWIDE PUBLIC DIPLOMACY 27 1 3.7 6.2 7.9 27.4 31.7 CLASSWIDE PUBLIC DIPLOMACY 99 3 3.0 5.7 5.7 15.5 16.3
CLASSWIDE INFO TECH MNGR 2 0 0.0 6.1 0.0 31.5 0.0 CLASSWIDE TOTAL 905 57 6.3 5.3 6.3 16.0 16.8
CLASSWIDE PSYCHIATRIST 2 0 0.0 12.7 0.0 21.9 0.0 MANAGEMENT 140 26 18.6 5.5 5.4 15.6 13.9
CLASSWIDE MEDICAL OFFICERS 9 0 0.0 8.6 0.0 18.4 0.0 CONSULAR 151 12 7.9 4.9 5.3 16.3 15.1
CLASSWIDE FINANCE 1 0 0.0 5.3 0.0 21.2 0.0 ECONOMIC 211 26 12.3 5.1 6.2 16.1 16.4
CLASSWIDE SECURITY OFFICER 1 0 0.0 4.6 0.0 31.7 0.0 POLITICAL 250 13 5.2 5.1 5.9 15.8 15.3
CLASSWIDE TOTAL 173 5 2.9 6.4 6.6 28.2 28.8 PUBLIC DIPLOMACY 96 25 26.0 5.7 6.0 15.5 14.7
FUNCTIONAL TOTALS 848 102 12.0 5.1 5.8 15.9 15.0
COMBINED TOTALS 905 159 17.6 5.3 6.0 16.0 15.7
GENERALIST FEOC TO FEMC
CLASSWIDE MANAGEMENT 43 2 4.7 4.0 4.1 24.3 23.5
CLASSWIDE CONSULAR 45 6 13.3 4.2 4.6 26.1 27.6 GENERALIST CLASS 03 TO CLASS 02
CLASSWIDE ECONOMIC 43 3 7.0 4.1 3.2 24.7 23.1 CLASSWIDE MANAGEMENT 61 16 26.2 3.2 3.0 8.2 7.8
CLASSWIDE POLITICAL 65 12 18.5 4.0 3.9 25.0 23.1 CLASSWIDE CONSULAR 121 34 28.1 4.1 3.8 9.3 8.5
CLASSWIDE PUBLIC DIPLOMACY 49 0 0.0 4.3 0.0 23.6 0.0 CLASSWIDE ECONOMIC 116 17 14.7 3.8 4.0 8.3 8.2
CLASSWIDE TOTAL 245 23 9.4 4.1 4.0 24.7 24.3 CLASSWIDE POLITICAL 90 12 13.3 3.6 3.4 8.3 8.1
MANAGEMENT 41 8 19.5 4.0 4.4 24.4 26.9 CLASSWIDE PUBLIC DIPLOMACY 44 6 13.6 3.6 2.7 8.5 7.5
CONSULAR 39 2 5.1 4.1 4.4 25.9 25.8 CLASSWIDE TOTAL 432 85 19.7 3.7 3.5 8.6 8.2
ECONOMIC 40 2 5.0 4.1 4.6 24.8 21.5 MANAGEMENT 45 29 64.4 3.3 3.1 8.4 7.9
POLITICAL 53 2 3.8 4.1 3.9 25.4 21.9 CONSULAR 87 28 32.2 4.2 4.1 9.6 8.7
PUBLIC DIPLOMACY 49 7 14.3 4.3 3.8 23.6 22.2 ECONOMIC 99 33 33.3 3.8 4.4 8.3 8.6
FUNCTIONAL TOTALS 222 21 9.5 4.1 4.2 24.8 24.2 POLITICAL 78 40 51.3 3.6 3.7 8.3 8.4
COMBINED TOTALS 245 44 18.0 4.1 4.1 24.7 24.3 PUBLIC DIPLOMACY 38 23 60.5 3.7 4.0 8.7 8.2
FUNCTIONAL TOTALS 347 153 44.1 3.9 3.8 8.7 8.4
COMBINED TOTALS 432 238 55.1 3.7 3.7 8.6 8.3
GENERALIST FS01 TO FEOC
CLASSWIDE MANAGEMENT 63 2 3.2 5.3 5.2 20.7 19.9
CLASSWIDE CONSULAR 71 7 9.9 5.8 6.7 21.9 22.3 GENERALIST CLASS 04 TO CLASS 03
CLASSWIDE ECONOMIC 75 7 9.3 5.7 6.4 21.5 21.4 CLASSWIDE MANAGEMENT 124 79 63.7 3.1 3.0 4.7 4.8
CLASSWIDE POLITICAL 140 14 10.0 5.7 5.6 22.2 20.6 CLASSWIDE CONSULAR 85 51 60.0 2.7 2.9 4.7 4.9
CLASSWIDE PUBLIC DIPLOMACY 72 2 2.8 6.2 4.7 20.5 17.4 CLASSWIDE ECONOMIC 116 70 60.3 2.9 2.6 4.2 4.2
CLASSWIDE TOTAL 421 32 7.6 5.7 5.9 21.5 20.9 CLASSWIDE POLITICAL 127 85 66.9 2.8 2.9 4.0 4.1
MANAGEMENT 61 15 24.6 5.3 5.6 20.7 20.3 CLASSWIDE PUBLIC DIPLOMACY 125 79 63.2 2.7 2.8 4.3 4.4
CONSULAR 64 8 12.5 5.7 6.1 21.9 22.8 CLASSWIDE TOTAL 577 364 63.1 2.8 2.8 4.3 4.4
ECONOMIC 68 6 8.8 5.6 6.7 21.5 22.7
POLITICAL 126 5 4.0 5.7 7.5 22.4 23.4
PUBLIC DIPLOMACY 70 13 18.6 6.3 6.9 20.6 20.8
FUNCTIONAL TOTALS 389 47 12.1 5.7 6.4 21.6 21.5
COMBINED TOTALS 421 79 18.8 5.7 6.2 21.5 21.3
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SPECIALIST FEOC TO FEMC SPECIALIST 03 TO 02
FINANCE 4 1 25.0 4.7 4.6 21.8 21.8 FINANCE 40 9 22.5 3.6 4.2 3.7 4.5
INFO TECH MNGR 13 2 15.4 4.3 5.9 25.5 23.7 HUMAN RESOURCES 12 9 75.0 3.2 3.3 8.5 9.7
DIPLOMATIC COUR 1 0 0.0 2.5 0.0 20.7 0.0 GENERAL SERVICES 53 9 17.0 5.2 4.8 10.4 11.2
PSYCHIATRIST 4 0 0.0 3.3 0.0 8.3 0.0 INFORMATION MGMT 196 23 11.7 4.8 5.0 13.1 12.7
SECURITY OFF 15 3 20.0 3.0 3.2 22.6 22.8 INFO MGMT TECH 47 6 12.8 4.9 5.5 10.2 10.7
CONSTR ENGR 4 0 0.0 4.7 0.0 20.8 0.0 DIPLOMATIC COUR 8 1 12.5 5.7 2.7 13.3 7.9
MEDICAL OFFICERS 7 1 14.3 6.8 14.7 13.6 24.5 SECURITY OFF 223 50 22.4 4.4 4.1 9.7 9.2
HEALTH PRACTITIONER 1 0 0.0 5.3 0.0 31.2 0.0 SECURITY ENGINEER 17 12 70.6 3.8 3.3 7.5 7.4
FUNCTIONAL TOTALS 49 7 14.3 4.2 5.8 20.8 23.1 SECURITY TECHNICIAN 5 0 0.0 3.1 0.0 7.8 0.0
CONSTR ENGR 6 4 66.7 3.0 3.0 5.8 5.0
FACILITIES MAINT 18 5 27.8 5.3 4.1 10.9 10.6
SPECIALIST 01 TO OC ENGLISH LANG PGMS 3 2 66.7 3.5 3.7 3.5 3.7
FINANCE 16 1 6.3 6.6 4.7 19.1 14.5 INFO RESOURCES 4 1 25.0 4.2 5.3 4.2 5.3
HUMAN RESOURCES 7 0 0.0 5.7 0.0 25.6 0.0 MEDICAL TECH 5 0 0.0 6.1 0.0 16.3 0.0
GENERAL SERVICES 4 0 0.0 6.7 0.0 20.8 0.0 HEALTH PRACTITIONER 33 3 9.1 3.9 4.3 3.9 4.3
INFO TECH MNGR 17 4 23.5 4.2 4.7 23.6 25.4 OFFICE MGMT SPEC 18 0 0.0 5.4 0.0 27.8 0.0
DIPLOMATIC COUR 2 1 50.0 6.2 3.7 22.3 14.2 FUNCTIONAL TOTALS 688 134 19.5 4.5 4.2 10.5 9.3
PSYCHIATRIST 2 2 100.0 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5
SECURITY OFF 34 11 32.4 3.8 3.9 21.1 20.9
SECURITY ENGINEER 7 2 28.6 6.1 7.2 20.0 18.8 SPECIALIST 04 TO 03
CONSTR ENGR 6 2 33.3 4.7 5.2 15.7 15.3 HUMAN RESOURCES 18 10 55.6 2.8 2.7 7.2 5.0
FACILITIES MAINT 4 0 0.0 5.2 0.0 14.5 0.0 GENERAL SERVICES 42 15 35.7 4.0 3.5 5.8 4.8
ENGLISH LANG PGMS 2 0 0.0 12.8 0.0 24.2 0.0 INFORMATION MGMT 303 43 14.2 3.7 4.5 6.2 7.2
INFO RESOURCES 2 0 0.0 6.2 0.0 13.4 0.0 INFO MGMT TECH 42 13 31.0 3.0 3.8 4.5 5.3
MEDICAL OFFICERS 6 2 33.3 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 DIPLOMATIC COUR 39 2 5.1 6.0 8.7 10.9 11.2
HEALTH PRACTITIONER 3 0 0.0 7.4 0.0 19.5 0.0 SECURITY OFF 233 117 50.2 2.0 2.0 4.6 4.6
FUNCTIONAL TOTALS 112 25 22.3 5.2 4.5 19.6 17.9 SECURITY ENGINEER 24 17 70.8 3.2 2.9 4.6 4.5
SECURITY TECHNICIAN 54 9 16.7 2.8 3.7 5.4 6.3
CONSTR ENGR 11 5 45.5 2.3 2.9 2.3 2.9
SPECIALIST 02 TO 01 FACILITIES MAINT 34 14 41.2 4.0 4.7 4.0 4.7
FINANCE 51 6 11.8 6.3 6.2 10.9 9.2 OFFICE MGMT SPEC 101 8 7.9 5.2 6.7 21.0 23.4
HUMAN RESOURCES 14 6 42.9 4.1 4.0 17.7 15.9 FUNCTIONAL TOTALS 901 253 28.1 3.4 3.1 7.4 5.8
GENERAL SERVICES 20 4 20.0 5.8 5.5 19.3 16.0
INFO TECH MNGR 160 10 6.3 6.0 6.1 19.9 19.9
DIPLOMATIC COUR 5 0 0.0 6.3 0.0 17.7 0.0 SPECIALIST 05 TO 04
SECURITY OFF 187 27 14.4 5.5 6.6 18.0 19.6 OFFICE MGMT SPEC 172 22 12.8 4.4 4.2 13.2 12.6
SECURITY ENGINEER 45 3 6.7 8.2 10.7 15.3 16.9 FUNCTIONAL TOTALS 172 22 12.8 4.4 4.2 13.2 12.6
CONSTR ENGR 5 4 80.0 3.9 4.2 9.2 9.1
FACILITIES MAINT 5 2 40.0 6.5 9.3 13.7 14.0
ENGLISH LANG PGMS 3 0 0.0 4.4 0.0 10.1 0.0 SPECIALIST 06 TO 05
INFO RESOURCES 7 0 0.0 3.7 0.0 9.0 0.0 OFFICE MGMT SPEC 280 47 16.8 3.8 5.7 6.1 8.8
MEDICAL TECH 2 0 0.0 7.7 0.0 27.3 0.0 FUNCTIONAL TOTALS 280 47 16.8 3.8 5.7 6.1 8.8
HEALTH PRACTITIONER 21 1 4.8 5.0 4.7 11.5 7.9
PRINTING 1 1 100.0 3.7 3.7 7.2 7.2
FUNCTIONAL TOTALS 526 64 12.2 5.9 6.2 17.2 16.8
‘Never Again’
PHOTOGRAPHS: (ABOVE): ED WARNER; (OPPOSITE PAGE): OFFICE OF WAR CRIMES ISSUES
OFFICE WORKS TO STOP ATROCITIES AND WAR CRIMES For ongoing crises or accountability
processes, WCI has lead responsibility for
BY JOSEPH MELLOTT formulating U.S. policies in conjunction
with other State Department and U.S.
Sixty-three years ago this month, Amer- 250,000 Rwandans were killed in 1994. government entities. It also has a
ican troops liberated the Nazi concentration The Office of War Crimes Issues was set diplomatic role, engaging other
camp at Buchenwald. The world said, up in the mid-1990s in reaction to such governments on U.S. policies and
“Never again,” but war crimes, atrocities atrocities. The office is unique in that the advocating for greater accountability for
and crimes against humanity still occur. United States is the only government having atrocities.
In the 1970s, the Pol Pot regime a position at the ambassadorial/assistant The 2007 Advancing Democratic Values
murdered nearly 2 million Cambodians. secretary level focusing exclusively on war Act calls on the office to help collect infor-
After 30 years, Cambodia is now putting the crimes. The office monitors atrocities glob- mation on incidents that may be crimes
key figures from the regime on trial. In the ally and transitional justice mechanisms, against humanity, genocide, slavery or
1990s, there was “ethnic cleansing” in the such as international, hybrid and domestic other violations of international humani-
former Yugoslavia and Rwanda, where war crimes tribunals. tarian law. The law also directs the
and the Department of Defense on detainee working with the tribunal for Yugoslavia Balkans to increase cooperation and
issues, primarily negotiating and facilitating but has broadened its efforts to include empower domestic courts to take on
the transfer of detainees to their home building resources to deal with the past in outstanding issues from the region’s
PHOTOGRAPHS: (ABOVE): ED WARNER; (OPPOSITE PAGE):
coalitions, supporting the tribunals in their ment of Justice and the U.S. Agency for not an option, the office’s regional liaison in
work and ensuring they have the needed International Development. Zagreb works with area prosecutors to over-
resources and people. Now that the WCI has also funded a Foreign Service come such barriers. He has worked with
tribunals’ mandates are coming to an end, National position at the U.S. Embassy in Serbian and Montenegrin authorities in two
WCI is seeking homes for their legacies. Zagreb to work with law enforcement and separate cases to ensure evidence from
In the Balkans, the office started out judicial authorities and NGOs in the Croatia could be used in each of those
Top: WCI’s Matthew Lavine signs the guest book at the Vukovar County Court in Croatia.
Above: WCI Special Adviser Andy Morrison heads to Baghdad International Airport after
observing the war crimes trial of Saddam Hussein and Ali Hassan al-Majid.
countries. He has also helped Serbian widely covered speech, said, “Those who domestic and international politics and
authorities and the United Nations Mission would manipulate this tragedy for their permeate political debates and decisions.
in Kosovo work together to resolve legal political benefit are not honoring the dead, WCI represents the interests of the United
issues on the gravesites that are important but compounding the suffering of their States in helping nations affected by such
to cases on both sides. loved ones. Reconciliation does not betray issues and can bring to bear the resources to
The office also practices public diplomacy. the past, it honors the future. monitor or mitigate war crimes, atrocities
In the Balkans, when the International Court “It does not diminish the legitimacy of and crimes against humanity. The office
of Justice confirmed that the army of the past suffering or the importance of engages in the process of reconciliation,
Republika Srpska had committed genocide memory.” builds bridges to see that justice is served
in Srebrenica in 1995, the decision became His public efforts in the Balkans to and can be an important and powerful
the reactionaries’ rallying point to challenge explain the ICJ’s decision helped ensure that voice to ensure that the words “never again”
progress in the region. To respond, WCI the decision had a positive impact. have real meaning. ■
Director Ambassador Clint Williamson trav- War crimes and how the international
eled to Sarajevo in June 2007 and, in a community deals with the past affect The author is a special adviser in WCI.
Shortly after I joined the U.S. Embassy in had contacted me about a National a scuba diver. Blue-water dives, or dives in
Manila in 2006 as the environment, science Oceanic and Atmospheric the open ocean far from land, are used to
and technology officer, I had a chance to Administration–funded marine species collect fragile sea-life samples that might be
“blue-water” dive for National Geographic. discovery project, which needed a harmed by other collection methods. A
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Philippine-flagged vessel and Philippine harness system ensures that divers do not
scientist Larry Madin and National government permission. drift off alone or lose their sense of depth,
Geographic photographer Emory Kristof They invited me along because I was also crucial because there are no points of refer-
ence such as the ocean floor or reefs.
I accepted the invitation and became
involved in a flurry of paperwork.
Economic Assistant Bimbi Villa and I
sought clearances and permits from
multiple Philippine agencies, identified
Filipino scientists for participation and
spoke to science high schools and civic
organizations to highlight the embassy-
facilitated cooperation arising from the
project. NOAA featured the project on its
Web site, and the State Department–funded
GLOBE program (www.globe.gov) linked
NOAA’s Web site to schools in 110
countries.
Specialized Tools
The project’s scientific team arrived in
Manila in September 2007, and embassy
Shipping Assistant Guiller Bueno expedited
customs clearances so the equipment could
be loaded onto the ship. Groups of high
school students toured the ship, which
carried a remotely operated submersible
vehicle that could videotape sea creatures
and suck specimens into its samplers.
of specimens that included an atolla, a large musicians banging on copper bowls and projected images of the beautiful and
red jellyfish that looked like a flying saucer. beating coconut drums. strange creatures onto a wall in the mess
In the early hours of that morning, photog- A small crisis occurred when a thruster hall for them. Video of the sea life
raphers, scientists and cinematographers on the submersible failed. The Seals and uncovered by the expedition’s underwater
were crammed into the ship’s 12- by 21- cinematographer Nick Caloyianis jumped cameras is at http://www.youtube.com/
foot laboratory, recording, observing and into the ship’s rubber dinghy, but the watch?v=JGXz9efC0QI and includes
preserving the catch. dinghy proved unable to tow the images of bright red jellyfish and a creature
During the voyage, the vessel was a hub submersible. Caloyianis wrestled the that looks like a spiny caterpillar.
of preparation, execution, retrieval and submersible onto the winch’s hook, and the The expedition sent nearly 100 samples
analysis. I wrote articles to be posted on crane hoisted it out of the water. to the Marine Census of Life, an
the Web site, kept the event log and dove Once the submersible was on board, international inventory of more than
for samples. technicians liberated the critter-canisters 40,000 ocean species, and a National
and rushed the specimens to a whirling Geographic magazine article and television
Seals Watch round tank where the jellyfish, sea cucum- special are due in December 2008. I have
Some Celebes Sea islands harbor bers, sea worms and spiders somersaulted since established an online community for
terrorist groups, including a group associ- as the scientists and photographers the American and Filipino scientists to
ated with al Qaeda. Therefore, the recorded their behavior. continue collaborating and have delivered
Philippine government provided five We’d excitedly meet on the deck after marine biology textbooks donated by U.S.
heavily armed Seals from its Navy, who each dive to display our gelatinous captives. scientists to Southern Mindanao University.
kept a 24-hour watch over the ship. We recorded, described and preserved each In all, the project promoted U.S. funding
At one point in the journey, the team specimen. of exploration, added to the world’s knowl-
brought on board Philippine officials, civic edge of ocean biodiversity and increased
leaders and academics for tours and a Jubilant Return students’ appreciation of marine science. ■
project overview. Then, traditional Muslim A marching band trumpeted our return
dancers performed on the cramped deck, to Manila, and Ambassador Kristie Kenney, The author is the environment, science
dancing on jars and balancing on bamboo officials, press and high school students and technology officer at the U.S. Embassy
sticks to the pulsing rhythms produced by filed on board to view our catches. We in Manila.
PHOTOGRAPH: CORBIS
Medical
Craig Baxter, 78, a retired Foreign Service officer, died Feb. 7 Rebecca H. Davis, 77, wife of retired
in Huntingdon, Pa. He joined the Department in 1956 and served Foreign Service officer Lloyd Davis, died
overseas in Mumbai, New Delhi, Lahore, Accra and Dhaka. After Jan. 13 of complications due to diabetes in
retiring in 1981, he taught politics and history at Juniata College. Baltimore, Md. She accompanied her
He was the author, co-author or editor of 19 books on South Asia husband on overseas postings to Ghana,
and was president of the American Institute of Bangladesh Studies France, Venezuela, the Dominican
and the American Institute of Pakistan Studies. Republic, Cuba, El Salvador and Chile. She worked at the embassy
in several of those countries and the binational center in Santo
Domingo. She and her husband retired to Baltimore in 1990.
George Merwin Humphrey, 72, William C. Nenno, 80, a retired Foreign Service officer, died
a retired Foreign Service officer, died Sept. Jan. 10 in Methuen, Mass. He served in the Navy during World
11 of cardiac arrest in Berlin, Germany. He War II. He joined the Department in 1956 and served overseas in
joined the Department in 1961 and served Frankfurt, Vienna, Madras, Canberra and East Berlin. He was the
overseas in Port of Spain, Vienna, Moscow Department’s representative to the Mercury Space Project. After
and Berlin. After retiring in 1986, he retiring in 1982, he continued to work for the Department, as well
moved to Berlin. From 1988 to 1991, he directed the Allied Medi- as at the Pentagon and National Archives.
ation Bureau.
* Dwyer, Dennis J.
retirements
FOREIGN SERVICE > > >
Docal, Abelardo L.
Seal of Approval
traveling component that will tour the Not to be outdone, the Bureau of Inter-
country this summer. national Information Programs recently
The Seal officially verifies the sovereignty launched a new Web site, America.gov, to
of the United States when it is impressed on serve as one of the Department’s public
official documents such as those ratifying or diplomacy tools to tell America’s story to
proclaiming treaties and those appointing the world. IIP populates much of the site
ambassadors, Foreign Service officers and with unconventional content, and its inno-
Cabinet officers. Secretary Condoleezza Rice vative architecture features designs and
is the 66th Keeper of the Seal. interactive features demanded by younger
Meet the New Diplomacy—not quite the Web-savvy users.
same as the Old Diplomacy. While And to raise the Department’s Web
traditional diplomacy still officially reigns, comfort level, the Office of Recruitment,
colleagues around the Department and the Examination and Employment boosted its
world are finding new ways to link their recruiting efforts—on Facebook.com.
duties into the World Wide Web—and This isn’t your dad’s diplomacy.
creating a new wired diplomacy in the Last but never least, a final salute to our
process. For example, few of our colleagues colleagues en route to their final posting:
in Mexico knew what to really expect in Craig Baxter; Patricia M. Byrne; Catherine
2006 when they inaugurated the Mission Virginia Conley; William L. Covey; Rebecca
It is among the most solemn and Mexico Blog. What they got was a content- H. Davis; Thomas “Harry” Dunlop; Irving D.
honored tasks entrusted to the Department rich, interactive forum that allows the 2,000 Galutia; George Merwin Humphrey; Grace
and Secretary of State—safeguard the Great mission employees—and guests—to speak Elizabeth Mentag; Edmund Berkeley Nance
Seal of the United States. The Secretary has out on a range of issues. Jr.; William C. Nenno; Max Robinson; Paul
been the official custodian of the Great Seal Noting Mission Mexico’s success, the M. Rosol; William H. Tienken; Richard F.
since 1789, seven years after the first Seal Bureau of Public Affairs built an Internet- Weitzel; John Hurd Willett; and Viola
was designed and approved by the based blog to offer a behind-the-scenes look “Billie” Wooton. ■
Continental Congress. To celebrate its 225th at the Department and an official forum for
anniversary, the U.S. Diplomacy Center exchanging thoughts and ideas. DipNote—
refurbished the Seal’s permanent home in text-message language for “diplomatic
the Exhibit Hall on the first floor of the notes”—debuted in September, and the site Rob Wiley
Harry S Truman Building and prepared a already has 600 subscribers. Editor-in-Chief
Coming in May
• ART Converges in Algiers • Soccer Diplomacy in Jakarta
• Transcribing History: The Nixon Tapes ... and much more!