IntroductiontoIndustrialElectronics

Industrialelectronicsdealswith

PLCs computersforindustry
Sensors eyesforPLC
Actuators handsforPLC
Controllers PLChelper
Butnot MATLABwhichisthemostpopularcomputingtoolfor
engineers

Industrialrevolutionbeganmid?
1500s flushtoilets,pocketwatch,knittingmachine,compoundmicroscope
1600s refractingtelescope,firstbacteria,sliderule,steamturbine,adding
machine,airpump,universaljoint,pressurecooker,steampump
1700s piano,steamengine,mercurythermometer,flyingshuttle,capacitor,English
dictionary,sextant,spinningjenny,carbonatedwater,flushtoilets(again),
submarine,spinningmule,bifocals,circularsaw,parachute,selfwindingclock,hot
airballoon,steelrollerforsteelproduction,threshingmachine,powerloom,
bleaching,steamboat,gaslighting,ambulance,cottongin,ballbearings,preserving
jar,vaccinations,cardingmachine,metallathe,softdrinks,lithography,battery,
fourdrinier machine

ToAutomatedManufacturing

Punchcards Jacquard 1801

Numericalengine Babbage 1834
Motorizedcrane Babbitt 1892
Vacuumtube ACtoDC 1904
Vacuumtubediodeamplifier deForest 1907
Remotecontrolledboat Tesla 1890

ToAutomatedManufacturing

Productionmachinesreplacingworkers 1919
VacuumtubescontrolDCmotors 1928
Carframefactory A.O.Smith 1930
Semiconductordiode Schottky 1938
VariablespeedACmotorcontrol 1941
ElectricallypoweredandcontrolledoilpipelineinCalifornia
1927

ToAutomatedManufacturing

1st computer ENIAC 1954

1st transistor Shockley 1947
Cybernetics(feedback) Wiener 1948
Robotprogramming Chappman 1954
Solidstatemotorspeedcontrol 1957
Robotmanufacturingcompany Unimation 1956

ToAutomatedManufacturing

Computercontrolledallinonemachine Kearney 1960

Unimate5klbfrobot 500lbfloads 6DOF 1961
PLC GMOldsmobileDiv 1968
MolinsMachine integratedcomputercontrolledbatch
manufacturing 1969
Moratknittingmachine 1970
Lasers forprocessingandcom 1960

ToAutomatedManufacturing

Microprocessor TedHoff Intel 1971

Minicomputercontrolledrobot(T3) RichardHohn 1973
MicrocomputercomtrolledrobotbyASEAABBInc.1977
AppleIImicrocomputer 1978
Computerintegratedmanufacturing(CIM_inJapan,USand
GB1980

ToAutomatedManufacturing

DirectdriverobotarmAdeptCorp1984
64bit microprocessorIntelCorp1994
TagbasedPLCs1998
Industrialnetworks(Ethernit/IP,DevicNet,Profibus,)2000
Wirelessnetworkforautomation2001

FeedbackIndustrialControl

Automaticallymonitorsamanufacturingprocess
Takesactioniftheprocessvariesfromrequiredspecifications
FeedbackcontroldevelopedafterWWI
FeedbackcontrolperfectedduringWWII
Doesnotdefinetheindustrialprocess

IndustrialControlClassifications
Motioncontrol
Automaticcontrolsystemthatcontrolsthephysicalmotionor
positionofanobject

Processcontrol
Oneormorevariablesareregulatedduringthemanufacturingofa
product
Twocategories:
Batchprocessing
Continuousprocess

Open andClosedLoopSystems

Openloopsystem
Simple
Mustbemanuallybalanced
Examples

Closedloopsystem
Selfcorrectingandselfregulating
Usedbymostautomatedprocesses

ElementsofOpen andClosedLoopSystems

Commonterms:
Controlledvariable
Measuredvariable
Measurementdevice
Feedbacksignal
Setpoint
Errordetector

Error signal
Controller
Actuator
Manipulated variable
Manufacturing
process
Disturbance

FIGURE15Closedloopblockdiagramthatshowselements,input/outputsignals,andsignal
direction

FIGURE 1-6 Open-loop block diagram that shows

elements, input/output signals, and signal direction

FeedbackControl
Errormustexistbeforesomecorrectiveactioncanbemade
Causesoferrors:
Thesetpointischanged
Adisturbanceappears
Theloaddemandvaries

Signalsmaybepositiveornegative

PracticalFeedbackApplication
Heatexchanger

FIGURE 1-8 Closed-loop temperature control system

DynamicResponseofaClosedLoopSystem
Dynamicresponse:
Measureofloopscorrectiveaction

Factors:
Responsetime
Timeduration
Staticinertiaofcontrolledvariable
Leadstopurelag

Deadtime

FeedForwardControl

Preventerrorsfromoccurring
Minimizenotprevent
Alsousefeedbackcontrol
Typicallyusedonlyincriticalapplications
withintheplant

FIGURE 1-9 Feed-forward control of a temperature control system

FIGURE 1-10 Feed-forward control loop with a feedback control loop