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Dr. Yehia ElShazly

What is
Gas & Petrochemicals
Industry?
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Dr. Yehia ElShazly

What is Gas & Petrochemicals Industry?

Gas industry is the processes performed on the raw NG to
produce the different fractions of gases (Methane, Ethylene,
Propylene,.etc.)
Petrochemicals Industry is the processes performed on gas
and petroleum distillates to produce chemicals and final
products.
Theses products includes Plastics, Paints, Rubber, Fertilizers,
Solvents, Detergents, Textiles,etc.
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Dr. Yehia ElShazly

Flow Diagram for the Gas and Oil Industry

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Dr. Yehia ElShazly

Ethylene as an example for Petrochemical Industry: From a product of

the Natural Gas to products (Polyethylene, Polyvinyl Chlorides, Engine

coolant, Polyesters, Solvents, etc)
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Dr. Yehia ElShazly

Petrochemicals
do not reach the
final consumer
but they find
their way into
hundreds of
applications.

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Dr. Yehia ElShazly

Petrochemical Value Chain

The petrochemical value chain shows how natural gas and crude oil, at
market prices, are transformed into a series of products whose values
increase in each succeeding step of the chain.
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Dr. Yehia ElShazly

Hardly a day goes by where we do not use or

encounter products derived from Petrochemicals
Ethanolamine

ABS

Acrylic Fibers

Construction Chemicals

Benzene
Cosmetics raw materials
Paints

Packaging and bottles

Ethylene Glycol
Surfactants & Cleaning Agents

Butadiene

Linear Alkyl Benzene

Acrylonitrile

Cyclohexane
Pharmaceutical
drugs
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Polyol
Vinyl Acetate

Ethylene
Inks

Additives
Mineral oil

Resins
Industrial Gases
Methanol

Agrochemicals

Urea

Ethanol

Polystyrene

Ammonia
Ethylene Oxide

Dyes

Polypropylene

Polybutadiene

Carpets
Urea/Melamine
Vinyl Chloride
Dr. Yehia ElShazly

Phenol
Adhesives & Sealants
Acetic Acid
Ethoxylate

Lubricants
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Oil and Gas in Africa

Status Quo

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Dr. Yehia ElShazly

Reserve

Africa holds 8% of the World reserve of Oil and NG.

Large reserves of oil have been discovered lately on the other side of the Atlantic: South
and Central America.
What does the future hold for the African Reserve?
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Production

Africa produces 9% of the World Oil and 6% of the World NG.

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Reserve/Production ratio

The Reserve to Production ratio for Africa is high compared to other parts of the world.

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Dr. Yehia ElShazly

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Consumption

Africa accounts for 4% of the World Consumption of Oil and NG.

Africa Consumes 47% of its produced Oil, and 64% of its produced NG; The rest is exported.
While Asia holds the lowest value for the Reserve to Production ratio, its consumption has
risen hugely in the last three decades.
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Dr. Yehia ElShazly

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Refinery

Africa has 4% of the World Refining Capacity, and 3% of the World Refining Throughput.
Asia; with its low reserve and production, owns the largest capacity and throughput in
the world.
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Refinery

In the last decade, the Refinery Utilisation in Africa has fallen sharply to be the lowest in
the world.
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Prices

The prices of Crude Oil and NG has fallen sharply to about 50% of 2014 prices.
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 In 2015, Africa represented 15% of Crude Oil Exports, and 0.7% of Crude Oil Imports.
On the other hand, Africa represented 8% of Oil Product Imports and 3% of Oil Product
Exports.
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What About the Petrochemicals Industry ?

Lets have a look at the Global Polymers Industry as an
example..

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Global HDPE Production Capacity 2015

Africa produces 2% of the World High Density PolyEthylene.

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Dr. Yehia ElShazly

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Global LLDPE Production Capacity 2015

Africa produces 1% of the World Linear Low Density PolyEthylene.

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Dr. Yehia ElShazly

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Global PP Production Capacity 2015

Africa produces 2% of the World PolyPropylene.

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Global PET Production Capacity 2015

Africa produces 0.3% of the World PolyEthylene Terephthalate.

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Global PVC Production Capacity 2015

Africa produces 1% of the World PolyVinyl Chloride.

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Global PS Production Capacity 2015

Africa produces 1% of the World PolyStyrene.

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Global Thermoplastic Production Capacity 2015

As a summation, Africa produces 1% of the World Thermoplastic Polymers.

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Global Polymers Sales Revenue 2014

Thus, in the global polymers sales revenue that amounted to 891 Billion
US$ in 2014, Africa had a 1% quota.

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Conclusions & Remarks

Africa exports most of its Oil and NG as crude.
Africa has the lowest Refinery Capacity and Throughput.
The price of Crude Oil and NG has dropped 50% in the last two years.
Africa has a very low share in the Global Petrochemical Industries.
Africa looses a lot of revenues by selling its reserve as crude.
Africa looses a lot of job opportunities by selling its reserve as crude.

Thus, Africa needs to invest heavily into the Gas &

Petrochemical Industries and Education.
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Gas & Petrochemicals Engineering

Faculty of Engineering
Alexandria University
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VISION
To supply the natural gas and petrochemicals market with graduate
engineers capable of dealing with both upstream and downstream
aspects of the industry.
The graduates would have comprehensive knowledge of the entire
petroleum industry with special emphasis on sized experience in
natural gas and petrochemicals operations.
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MISSION
Foundation in mathematics and other requested sciences
Necessary knowledge of utilizing and managing resources creatively
through effective analysis and interpretation.
Knowledge and skills to respond to the recent technological changes.
Planning and executing research work, evaluate outcomes and draw
conclusions.
Impact that petrochemical engineering has on society from an
environmental, economic, social and cultural point of view.
The challenging role and responsibilities of the professional engineer,
while abiding by the ethics of the profession.

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CREDIT HOUR DISTRIBUTION

Total Credit Hours =178
10%

University
Requirements

11%

27%

27%

Faculty
Requirements
Principal Core
Courses
Applied Core
Courses
(Compulsory)

25%

A balanced program.
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Oil and Petroleum Testing and Engineering Laboratory

(OPTEL)

Modern equipment.
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In the last exam for the Egyptian General Petroleum Corporation, 8 of the
first 10 students were graduated from Gas & Petrochemicals Engineering,
Alexandria University.
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Our graduates holds many positions in the Petroleum, NG and Petrochemical

industries in Egypt and Worldwide.

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References
BP Statistical Review of World Energy June 2016
GCC Plastics Industry Indicators 2015.
http://www.egpc.com.eg/Result_Announcement/01.pdf

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Enkosi
Ngiyabonga
Amesegenallo
Zikomo Kwambiri
Siyabonga kakulul
Thank You
Asante sana
Ndatenda
Murakoze
Nitumezi
Masvita
Kea leboha
Zikomo

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