Corrections of misprints

There are some misprints in the authors publications in the Proceedings of the
International Conference Days on Diraction, Saint-Petersburg.

Corrections of misprints in the paper [1]

1). Page 56, it must be
A1,2 (x3 ) = (1, ) exp(kR x3 ) (, /) exp(kR x3 ) ;
2). Page 58, formula (21), it must be
(h1)

ani

i1/2

= (1)i mn+1 ;

3). Page 58, formula (22), it is necessary to replace

1
1
ii 1/2 ;
2
i1ii2 1
i1
4). Page 58, formula (23), it is necessary to replace
22n(nd 1) 22n(nd 1/2) ;
5). Page 58, formula (24), it is necessary to replace
1/2

m1 cos(. . .) m1

cos(. . .).

Corrections of misprints in the paper [2]

The formulas (33) and (34) of the paper [2] contain misprints because of dierent
denitions of the functions V and H in [2] and [3]. Namely, values 128 and
256 in the denominators of (33) and (34) in [2] must be replaced by the values
2 and 4 respectively.

References
[1] V.N. Chukov. In: Proc. of the Int. Conf. Days on Diraction
2011, May 30 - June 3, 2011, St. Petersburg, Russia, p. 55. DOI:
10.1109/DD.2011.6094365, IEEE.
[2] V.N. Chukov. In: Proc. of the Int. Conf. Days on Diraction
2012, May 28 - June 1, 2012, St. Petersburg, Russia, p. 47. DOI:
10.1109/DD.2012.6402750, IEEE.
[3] V.N. Chukov. On Rayleigh, resonance and short-wavelength scattering laws
of Rayleigh wave. Preprint. IBCP RAS. Moscow (2002). (in English; in Russian). (The Russian State Library; GPNTB - The Russian State ScienticTechnical Library).

Russian Academy of Sciences

N.M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics
CENTER OF ACOUSTIC MICROSCOPY

PREPRINT

VITALII N. CHUKOV
CONNECTION BETWEEN VIOLATION
OF THE RAYLEIGH LAW OF SCATTERING
AND THE RESONANCE SCATTERING

Moscow 2014

Chukov V.N. Connection Between Violation of the Rayleigh Law of Scattering

and the Resonance Scattering - Moscow: Preprint/IBCP RAS, 2014. - 25 p.
Abstract
Resonance scattering of the Rayleigh surface acoustic wave on a near-surface
inhomogeneity of isotropic solid is considered in detail. Inhomogeneity is statistical [1] in a plane parallel to the free surface and deterministic in the direction
perpendicular to the one. Resonance scattering is the regime of scattering when
the wavelength of incident wave and the character size of inhomogeneity are of
the same order in magnitude, contrary to the Rayleigh scattering, when the
wavelength of incident wave is much greater then the character size of inhomogeneity. Resonance scattering is the elastic analogue of the Raman [2, 3]
scattering regime when eigenwavelength of inhomogeneity, that is its character size, denes the maximum scattering. A strong inuence of the Rayleigh
law of scattering violation on a form of the resonance scattering spectrum is
obtained and investigated theoretically in the present work. Violation of the
resonance law of scattering about maximum scattering in the resonance limit,
when the wavelength of incident wave and character size of inhomogeneity are
of the same order in magnitude, is obtained.
Violation of the short-wavelength scattering law about dominant scattering in the forward direction and about descent character of scattering angular
distribution dependence on the correlation radius to wavelength ratio increase,
when the character size of inhomogeneity is much greater than the wavelength
of the incident Rayleigh wave - diuse scattering, is obtained and investigated.
It is obtained that violation of the Rayleigh law of scattering about proportionality of scattering coecient and of angular distribution of scattering
to the fth power of frequency in the Rayleigh limit gives rise to possibility of
the angular distribution of scattering oscillations in dependence on frequency
in the Rayleigh limit and to possibility of appearance of angular distribution
of scattering arbitrary number of zeroes in angle of scattering in this limit.
That is violation of the Rayleigh law about isotropy of angular distribution of
scattering in the Rayleigh limit can take place.
Analogical phenomena of the strong localizations of the resonance and diffuse scattering maxima and of appearance of an arbitrary form of the resonance
and diuse scattering angular distribution and of an arbitrary form of the resonance and diuse scattering angular distribution dependence on the correlation
radius to wavelength ratio are obtained. It is obtained that these phenomena are connected with violation of the Rayleigh scattering law by the partial
inhomogeneities constituting the summary inhomogeneity.
These violations of the Rayleigh, resonance and diuse laws of scattering
obtained in the present work are caused by a strong modulation of scattering by
the form of inhomogeneity, in particular by the form of the correlation function
of inhomogeneity approximated by the sum of the Gaussian exponents.
It is obtained that this strong modulation of the Rayleigh, resonance and
diuse scatterings obtained in the present work enables amplication and suppression of scattering in all the range of the correlation radius to wavelength
ratio. The phenomena of the Rayleigh, resonance and diuse scatterings amplication and suppression are obtained and investigated in the present work.

c V.N. Chukov

N.M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics RAS,

Center of Acoustic Microscopy, 2014.
4, Kosygin Str., Moscow 119334, Russia,
e-mail: chukov@chph.ras.ru, vchukov@mail.ru

Introduction
The problem of the surface acoustic Rayleigh wave [4, 5] scattering by the
statistical near-surface inhomogeneity was solved in [6, 7]. The new laws of the
Rayleigh scattering, when the wavelength is much greater than the character
size of inhomogeneous region, i.e. long-wavelength scattering, and of diuse
scattering, in opposite limit, i.e. short-wavelength scattering, were obtained.
Results for scattering in dierent limits of correlation radius and depth of
damaged layer to wavelength ratios were analitically obtained. It was found
that the form of scattering angular distribution, in particular the arbitrary
number and locations of its zeroes and extrema at xed arbitrary value of
the damaged layer depth to wavelength ratio, strongly depends on the form
of inhomogeneity subsurface structure which is deterministic in the direction
perpendicular to the surface. The wavelength variation gives rise to motion
of zeroes and extrema in scattering angular. Dependence of the new laws of
the Rayleigh, resonance and diuse scatterings both on the deterministic and
random structure of the near-surface inhomogeneity was obtained rst in [7].
The new laws of the Rayleigh scattering for statistical inhomogeneity with
correlator approximated by the Gaussian exponents sum; possibility of scattering angular distribution oscillations in dependence on ratio of inhomogeneity
correlation radius to wavelength in the Rayleigh limit, i.e. for long-wavelength
scattering, and appearance of the arbitrary number of scattering angular distribution zeroes in angle of scattering in the Rayleigh limit, dened by the inhomogeneity correlation function form are investigated in the present work [8].
These oscillations and angular distribution zeroes are violation of the Rayleigh
laws of scattering.
Resonance scattering, when the wavelength and the correlation radius of
inhomogeneous region are of the same order in magnitude, and diuse scattering, when the correlation radius of inhomogeneity is much greater than the
wavelength, of the surface acoustic Rayleigh wave by the same statistical nearsurface inhomogeneity are investigated in detail.
Connection between resonance, diuse scatterings and violation
of the Rayleigh law of scattering is investigated in dependence only on inhomogeneity random structure in the present work. Inuence of the deterministic
inhomogeneity structure on these laws is not considered.

The scattering problem of the Rayleigh wave

Let semi-innite isotropic elastic medium having a free surface occupies halfspace x3 > 0, x = (x1 , x2 , x3 ) is radius-vector in Cartesian coordinate system.
Medium has mass density inhomogeneity occupying region of nite size: |x1 | 6
L1 /2; |x2 | 6 L2 /2; 0 6 x3 < . The mass density is described by the next
function of coordinates
(x) = (0) + (inh) (x) ,
(1)
where (0) is a constant density of medium homogeneous part; (inh) (x) is a
function describing inhomogeneity, it is not equal to zero only inside of inhomogeneous region. Inhomogeneity is statistically homogeneous and isotropic in
3

coordinates x1 , x2 and is deterministic in coordinate x3 :

(inh)
(inh) (x) = q
(xq )F (x3 ),
(inh)

(2)
(inh)

where xq = (x1 , x2 , 0); q

(xq ) is a random function, q
= 0, . . . is
(inh)
averaging over an ensemble of realizations of function q
; F (x3 ) is arbitrary deterministic function. Correlation function of inhomogeneity [6] has an
arbitrary form approximated by the sum of Gaussian exponents:
W ( ) =

2inh

ci e

2 /a2i

2inh

(r)
Ni n+1
N

Dinj e
(gt)

(n) 2

/aij

(3)

i=1 n=0 j=1

i=1

where = xq xq , ai , i = 1, . . . , m - partial radius of correlation; inh is the

mean-square amplitude of inhomogeneity, it gives the next condition for the
constants ci
m

ci = 1.
(4)
i=1

The triple sum in (3) is introduced for the convenience of inhomogeneity correlation function approximation, multiscale in partial radiuses of correlation.
Fourier transform of correlator (3) has the next form
m
m

2 2
f (kq ) = 2inh
fi (kq ) =
W
ci a2i eai kq /4 =
W
i=1

i=1

2inh

(r)
Ni n+1
N

(gt) (n) 2 a(n)

kq2 /4
ij
2

Dinj aij

. (5)

i=1 n=0 j=1

The necessary and sucient condition, that W ( ) is a correlation function of

(inh)
homogeneous and isotropic random eld q
(xq ), is [1]
f (kq ) > 0.
W
(6)
Elastic moduli have the next form
(0)
C (x) = C ;
(7)
(0)

C = 0 +0 ( + ); 0 = (0) (c2l 2c2t ); 0 = (0) c2t , (8)

where 0 , 0 are constant Lame coecients; cl,t are velocities of the longitudinal and transverse bulk acoustic waves respectively; is Kronecker -symbol.
Surface acoustic Rayleigh wave, propagating along positive direction of x1 axis, is incident on inhomogeneous region. Inhomogeneity is assumed to be
weak, i.e. |(inh) | (0) . It is necessary to solve the scattering problem in the
Rayleigh-Born approximation of perturbation theory [4]: to derive displacement vector, energy ow in scattered Rayleigh wave at large distances from
inhomogeneity, scattering coecient (in energy). Only scattered Rayleigh wave
is investigated in this work, but the bulk waves are not considered.
4

Angular distribution and coecient

of scattering

The Rayleigh wave angular distribution of scattering G(R) (s ) and coecient

of scattering 1/l(R) [6] have the forms presented below.
m

amax (R)
amax 4 R1 c2l
G(R) (s ) =
Gi (s ) =

ai
2inh 4P R22 c2t
i=1
(0)
2f
3
kR
[V (kR ) cos s + H(kR )] W
(|kR kq |), (9)

where amax is character size of statistical inhomogeneity; other constants and

functions in (9) coincide with those of the work [6]. The formulas (33) and (34)
of the work [6] contain misprints because of dierent denitions of functions V
and H in [6] and [7]. Namely, values 128 and 256 in the denominators of
(33) and (34) in [6] must be replaced by the values 2 and 4 respectively.
[
]2
2
inh
1
1
=
G(R) (s )ds =
amax
l(R)
(0)
0

inh
(0)

]2

Ni n+1
N
(gt) (n) 2
amax 4 R1 c2l 3
k
Dinj aij ezinj
R
2
2
amax
2P R2
ct
i=1 n=0 j=1
(r)

{
[
] I1 (zinj ) [
]}
I0 (zinj ) V 2 (kR ) + H 2 (kR ) +
2zinj V (kR )H(kR )V 2 (kR ) , (10)
zinj
where In (x) is the modied Bessel functions of the order n; p = kR amax ;
(n) 2

zinj = aij p2 /(2a2max ), kR = /cR - an absolute value of the Rayleigh wave

wave-vector.

3
3.1

The new laws of the Rayleigh scattering

Correlator form and
the new laws of the Rayleigh scattering

Let us consider the long-wavelength expansion of correlator (3) Fourier transform (5) in powers of the parameter p = amax /cR in the limit p 1

(1)m (2m + 1)! (2m+2) 2m

f (|kR k (0) |) = 2
W
C
kR (1 cos s )m , (11)
q
m (m!)2
2
m=0
where s - an angle of scattering [6], C (n) is the topological characteristics of
the rst kind of the correlator W ( ) (formulas (36), (37) in [6]), [9]
5

(n)

1
=
(n 1)!

W ( ) n1 d,

n = 1, 2, 3 . . . .

(12)

0
(gt)

Imposition of the next conditions on the constants Dinj (5)

(gt)

(r)

(n)

Dinj = Di bin cij ,

(13)

n+1
(n) (n) 2m+2

= 0,
cij aij

m = 0, 1, . . . , n 1;

j=1
n+1

j=1

(14)

(n) (n) 2n+2

(in)

cij aij

= d0

n+1

(n)

cij = 1,

(15)

j=1
(in)

where d0 = 0 are some constants, n = 0, 1, 2, . . . , Ni , i = 1, 2, 3, . . . , N (r) , together with condition (6) give the next solution of the system of linear algebraic
(n)
equations (14) with respect to cij , j = 1, . . . , n + 1
(in)

d0
(
n+1

(n)

cij =

(n) 2

aij

(n) 2

aij

(n) 2

aim

);

m=1;m=j
(n)

(n)

(n)

(n)

ai1 < ai2 < . . . < aij < . . . < ai(n+1) ;

(in)

d0

= (1)n

n+1

(n) 2

aij

. (16)

j=1

Let us further consider the next probe function

(p)

Ni
(0)
Fi (p)

p
2

(0) 2
pik

(F )

)2mik

Ni

(0)
Ci

k=1

(F )

(00)

Cik p2k = Fi

(0)

(p) + Ci ;

k=0
(p)

Ni
(F )
Ni

=2

mik ,

(17)

k=1
(0)

where mik = 0, 1, 2, . . ., but if pik = 0, then 2mik = 0, 1, 2, . . ., and the next

relations (11), (13)
6

Ni

n=0

ebin

Ni
Ni
m
(i)

ebin f (i)
f
2m
2m
f
f nm
W nm kR
p
W
a2m
m=n
m=0
n=0 max

Ni

(0)

(i)
Bm
(s )p2m = Fi (p), (18)

m=0

where
(i)
m
f
e (2m+2) (1 cos s )m ;
f nm = 2 (1) (2m + 1)! C
W
in
2m (m!)2

e (2m+2) =
C
in

n+1
(n) (n) 2m+2
m!
c a
. (19)
2(2m + 1)! j=1 ij ij

Relations (18) give the next system of the linear algebraic equations with respect to unknowns ebin
{
(i)
(F )
(F )
Bm = Cim , m = 0, 1, . . . , Ni ;
(20)
(F )
(F )
(i)
m = Ni + 1, Ni + 2, . . . , Ni .
Bm = 0,
The solution of (20) is

(F )

ebi0 = Ci0 ;

(i)

f 00

{
}

m1
2m

ebik f (i)

a
(F
)

max
e
f km ;

Cim
W

bim = f (i)
a2m
max
k=0
f
W
mm
(F )
(m)
(F )

where m = 1, 2, 3, . . . , Ni ; Ni = Ni Ni ;

m1

ebik f (i)

a2m
e
max
f km ;

W
b
=

im

(i)

a2m
f
max

f mm k=0

(F )
(F )
where m = Ni + 1, Ni + 2, . . . , Ni .
Coecients bin (13)
/ Nare
i

ebim ,
bim = ebim

i = 1, 2, . . . , N (r) ,

where s = (00)
.
s

(21)

(22)

m=0
(r)

It follows from (4) that coecients Di (13) satisfy the next condition
(r)
N
(r)
Di = 1.
i=1

(23)

Let deterministic function F (x3 ) (2) describing an inhomogeneity form in the

direction perpendicular to the free solid surface has the next form
F (x3 ) = q1 ex3 /d ,

(24)

where q1 - dimensionless constant, d - character depth of inhomogeneity, i.e.

depth of damaged layer. The new law [7]-[11] of the Rayleigh scattering follows
from (9)-(11)
p 1, d
(25)
G(R) 2NR +5 ; 1/l(R) 2NR +5 , NR = 0, 1, 2, . . . ,
where = 2 - the wavelength, under the next conditions imposed on the
topological characteristics (12)
{ (2k+2)
C
= 0, k = 0, 1, 2, . . . , NR 1;
(26)
C (2NR +2) = 0.
When NR = 0 (25), (26) give the Rayleigh law of scattering [4]-[11], (Figs.1,2).

G (R)(s

W/inh2

(0)

m
Figure 1:
m

Correlator (3), (13)-(23), (27) giving the Rayleigh law of scattering. NR = 0 (25);
(m)
(0)
(0)
(p)
= 0. Poisson ratio is
= /amax ; N (r) = 1, N1 = 1, p11 = 0, m11 = 0, C1 = 0, N1
(00)

= 0.25, d/amax = 1, q1 = 1 (24) and s

Figure 2:

= /2 (22) everywhere.

The Rayleigh law of scattering.

(0)
(0)
G(R)(p,s )/G(R)(p0 ,s ); s =/2

(R)

Angular distribution of scattering G0

overall, unless otherwise; p0=0.1 for the correlator(Fig.1).

When correlation function (3) has a such form that NR > 0 violation of the
Rayleigh law of scattering takes place (Figs. 3, 4).
For the correlation function (3) with the next values of the constants (3), (13)
(r)

N (r)=1, N1=NR , D1 =1; b1k=0, k=0, 1, . . . , NR 1, b1NR = 1

(27)

(N )
c1j R , j

and
= 1, 2, . . . , NR + 1, dened by (16), topological characteristics (12)
has the next form (19)
e
C (2m+2) = 2inh C
1NR

(2m+2)

(28)

So (14), (26) the new law of the Rayleigh scattering (25) takes place (Figs.1-4).
8

G (R)(s

W/inh2

(0)

m
Figure 3: Correlator (3), (13)-(23), (27) giving violation of the Rayleigh law of scattering.
(p)
(0)
(0)
(m)
NR = 6; N (r) = 1, N1 = 1, p11 = 0, m11 = 3, C1 = 0, N1 = 0.
Figure 4:

3.2

(R)

Violation of the Rayleigh law of scattering. G0 for the correlator (Fig.3); p0=0.1.

Frequency oscillations of the Rayleigh scattering

Let the correlation function of inhomogeneity has the form (3), (13)-(23) with
(n)
(r)
the next values of the partial radiuses of correlation aij and constants Di
(n)

(n)

(a)

(n)

(0)

(a)

aij = ai1 + (j 1)di ; ai1 = ai1 ; di

(0)
amax = a11 ;

(r)
N

(r)
(r)
/
Di = D
i
i=1

(0)

= ai1 /(10(Ni + 1));

(r) , i = 1, . . . , N (r) ,
D
i

j = 1, 2, . . . , n + 1; n = 0, 1, . . . , Ni . (29)

G (R)(s

W/inh2

Figure 5:

(0)

Correlator (3), (13)-(23), (29) giving oscillations of the Rayleigh scattering.

(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
= 3, p11 = 0.01, p12 = 0.05, p13 = 0.1, m11 = 1, m12 = 31, m13 = 25, C1 = 0,

(p)

N (r) = 1, N1
(m)

N1

= 100.

Figure 6:

Oscillations of the Rayleigh scattering. Violation of the Rayleigh law of scattering

(R)
(Fig. 2). G0 for the correlator (Fig. 5); p0 = 0.015.

Figs. 5,6 show correlator and oscillations of the Rayleigh scattering, i.e. of G(R)
as a function of variable p in the limit p 1 for this correlator, respectively.
These oscillations are violation of the Rayleigh law of scattering (Fig. 2).
9

3.3

Angular spectrum of the Rayleigh scattering

3.3.1

Some characteristic anisotropy of the Rayleigh law

of scattering for the Rayleigh wave
(R)
Figs. 7, 8 show the angular distribution of scattering Ga (pa , s ) and the
(R)
function Ga0 (pa , s ) for the correlator of Fig. 1 respectively
(R)
G(R)
(p, s )/G(R) (pa , (0)
a (p, s ) = G
s );
(R)
2
Ga0 (p, s ) = G(R)
(30)
a (p, s )/ [V (kR ) cos s + H(kR )] .
Function [V cos s + H] in (9) is dened by the boundary conditions for the
Rayleigh wave on the free inhomogeneous surface and by the structure of inhomogeneity F (x3 ) (2) in x3 direction [6, 7, 10]. Comparison of the Figs. 7 and 8
gives that some angular anisotropy of the Rayleigh law of scattering (Fig. 7)
is caused by this function, so this anisotropy can be specic characteristics of
the Rayleigh law for the Rayleigh wave scattering on the near-surface inhomogeneity.

G (R)( p ;s)
a

G (R)( p ;s)
a0

- - - -

Figure 7:

Some characteristic anisotropy of the Rayleigh law of scattering for the Rayleigh
wave due to inuence of the boundary conditions and the vertical structure of inhomogeneity.
(R)
Ga (pa , s ) for the correlator (Fig.1).
Figure 8: Completely isotropic picture of the Rayleigh scattering obtained by means of
exclusion of the boundary conditions and the verical inhomogeneity structure inuence on
(R)
the angular distribution of the Rayleigh
wave scattering (30). The function Ga0 (pa , s ) for

the correlator (Fig.1); pa = 1/(10 2) everywhere, if another value is not declared.

3.3.2
(0)

A strong angular anisotropy of the Rayleigh scattering

violating the Rayleigh law of scattering
(0)

(p)

Let p1k , k = 1, 2, . . . , N1 are zeroes of G(R) (p, s ) in variable p at xed value

(0)
of the angle of scattering s (Fig. 6). Then s0 are zeroes of G(R) (p, s ) in
angle of scattering s at a given xed value of the parameter p and for the
inhomogeneity of the same form. Zeroes s0 are given by the next formula
(0) 2
)
p1k (
cos s0 = 1 2 1 cos (0)
.
(31)
s
p
Formula (31) follows from the formulas (3), (5), (9). Figs. 9, 10 show correlator
(3), (13)-(23), (29) and a strong angular anisotropy and zeroes of the Rayleigh
scattering for it respectively. It is violation of the Rayleigh law of scattering
10

(Fig.7). It follows from (31) that wavelength variation gives rise to motion of
the angular distribution G(R) zeroes and extrema in scattering angular s .

G (R)( p ;s)

W/inh2

Figure 9:

Correlator (3), (13)-(23), (29) giving a strong anisotropy and zeroes of the
Rayleigh scattering. The same as Fig. 5, but m11 = 1, m12 = 2, m13 = 3.

Figure 10:

A strong anisotropy and zeroes of the Rayleigh scattering. Violation of the

Rayleigh law of scattering (Fig. 7).

4
4.1

Resonance scattering
The main law of the resonance scattering

The resonance scattering, when the wavelength of the incident wave is of

the same order in magnitude as character size of inhomogeneity amax , i.e. as
character radius of correlation of statistical inhomogeneity, i.e. when p 1,
is the maximum scattering. The width of maximum in and character size
of inhomogeneity amax are of the same order in magnitude, i.e. p 1, as
well (Figs.11,12.a). A slight anisotropy is added to angular distribution of
scattering as a function of scattering angle s (Fig.12.b) as compared to the
Rayleigh scattering p 1 (Fig.7). It is the main law of the resonance scattering.

G (R)(s

W/inh2

(0)

G (R)( p
a

s)

b
2

m
Figure 11: Correlator (3), (13)-(23), (29) giving the main law of the resonance scattering
(p)
(m)
(0)
(0)
p 1. N (r) = 1, N1 = 1, N1 = 0, p11 = 0, m11 = 0, C1 = 0.
Figure 12:a,b-The main law of resonance scattering for the correlator of Fig.11; p0=2, pa=1.

11

4.2

Violation of the resonance scattering main law

without violation of the scattering Rayleigh law

Figs. 13 - 20 show violation of the main law of the resonance scattering without
violation of the Rayleigh law of scattering by all the partial inhomogeneities
constituting the summary inhomogeneity (3), (13)-(23), (29). In scattering
showed in Figs. 13 - 16 the positions of scattering maxima in variable p and a
width of maximum are dened not only by the character size of inhomogeneity
amax but by the its form as well , i.e. by the form of correlation function (3).
Physically it is explained by the phenomenon that partial small-scale inhomogeneities as compared to amax are more sensed by the Rayleigh wave with the
short-wavelength as compared to amax as well. Contribution of each partial
small-scale inhomogeneity to scattering, when the wavelength and size of this
partial inhomogeneity are of the same order in magnitude, is inverse proportional to the wavelength (9), (10) and consequently to the character size of
the partial small-scale inhomogeneity ai (3). And analytical formulas (9), (10)
correspond to the experimental physical measurement calibrated by the same
physical unity of length in all the range of correlation radius amax to wavelength
ratio, i.e. of variable p, despite of this inverse proportionality to ai . But such
partial small-scale inhomogeneities (3), giving a big contribution to scattering
at short-wavelengths corresponding to sizes of these small-scale partial inhomogeneities (9), (10), dene exactly the form of the summary inhomogeneity
and do not change its character size amax .

4.3

Violation of the resonance scattering main law with

violation of the scattering Rayleigh law by the partial
inhomogeneities

4.3.1

Strong maxima localizations and arbitrary frequency

spectrum form of the resonance scattering
A strong modulation of scattering (25) by the form of inhomogeneity, violating
the Rayleigh law of scattering and obtained rst in [7], makes it possible to
construct denite form (3), (13)-(23), (29) of the partial small-scale inhomogeneities constituting the whole inhomogeneity without change of the summary
inhomogeneity character size amax . This inhomogeneity form construction enables to manipulate the spectrum of the resonance scattering in the wide range
of the character size of inhomogeneity to wavelength ratio p (Figs. 21 - 26). In
particular such strong modulation of scattering enables a strong localization of
the resonance scattering maxima, extending the positions of arbitrary number
of maxima in variable p to high-frequency region p 1 and constructing the
arbitrary form of the resonance scattering spectrum (Figs. 21 - 26). All these
phenomena violate the main law of the resonance scattering (Figs. 11, 12).
4.3.2 Arbitrary angular spectrum form of the resonance scattering
Figs. 28, 30 show angular distributions of the resonance scattering for the
correlators of Figs. 27, 29 respectively. These correlators are constructed by

12

W/inh2

G (R)(s

G (R)( p

(0)

s)

m
Figure 13:

Correlator (3), (13)-(23), (29) giving violation of the main law of resonance
(m)
(p)
scattering without violation of the Rayleigh law of scattering. N (r) =5, Ni =1, Ni =0,
(0)

(0)

(0)

(0)

(0)

(0)

(0)

pi1 =0, mi1 =0, Ci =0 (everywhere), i=1, . . . , 5; a11 :a21 :a31 :a41 :a51 =10:5:5/2:5/4:1/2,
(r)=166.7, D
(r)=43.02, D
(r)=13.52, D
(r)=6.331, D
(r)=3.051.
D
1

Figure 14:a -Violation of the main law of resonance scattering.p0 = 2; b -angular distribution
satisfying the main law of the resonance scattering for the correlator of Fig.13. pa = 1.

G (R)(s

W/inh2

(0)

Figure 15:

Correlator (3), (13)-(23), (29) giving violation of the main law of resonance
(p)
(m)
(0)
(0) (0) (0) (0) (0)
scattering. N (r)=5, Ni =1, Ni =0, pi1 =0, mi1=0, i=1, .., 5; a11 :a21 :a31 :a41 :a51 =
(r)
(r)
(r)
(r) = 1.756103 ,
= 5.51103 , D
= 1.785102 , D
= 1.667, D
10 : 9 : 7/2 : 5/4 : 1/2, D
1

(r)=6.789102 .
D
5
Figure 16: Violation of the main law of resonance scattering for the correlator of Fig. 15.

means of the data from the scattering of Figs. 21, 22 and using the formula
(31). It is violation of the resonance scattering main law (Fig.12.b) due to the
Rayleigh law of scattering violation by the partial inhomogeneities constituting the summary inhomogeneities (Figs.27,29). Results of scattering presented
in Figs. 22, 28, 30 and formula (31) reect the physical picture of scattering according which the long-scale partial inhomogeneities (3) as compared to
wavelength give contribution to scattering in the forward direction s = 0
(9), but the more small-scale partial inhomogeneities contribute to scattering
in other directions as well. In this case at constant value of ratio p = amax /
dynamically-energetical contribution to scattering p5 (9) remains unvariable
in changing of scattering angle s , and form-factor of inhomogeneity (5) plays
13

G (R)(s

W/inh2

G (R)( p

(0)

s)

a
m
Figure 17:

Correlator (3), (13)-(23), (29) giving the main law of resonance scattering. The
(r) = 0, D
(r) = 6.687 104 .
same as Fig. 13, but D
1
5

Figure 18:

(R)

a - G0

(0)

(0)

(p, s ), p0 = 35, s

(R)

= /2; b - angular distribution Ga (pa , s ),

(0)

pa = 35, s =0 for the resonance scattering on inhomogeneity with the correlator of Fig. 17.

G (R)(s

W/inh2

(0)

G (R)( p
a

s)

m
Figure 19:

Correlator (3), (13)-(23), (29) giving violation of the main law of resonance
(r) = 6.687 104 .
scattering for angular distribution. The same as Fig. 13, but D
5

Figure 20:

(R)

(0)

(0)

(R)

(0)

a - G0 (p, s ), p0=35, s =/2; b - Ga (pa , s ), pa=35, s =0 - violation

of the main law of the resonance scattering (Figs.12.b,13.b,18.b) for the correlator of Fig. 19.

the main role in a forming of the angular spectrum of scattering (Figs. 28, 30).
So the values of each maximum in Fig. 22 dier from those in Figs. 28, 30, and
(r)
values of the constants Di (3), (13)-(23), (29) are dierent as well. Variation
of the wavelength gives rise to motion of the scattering maxima positions in
angle of scattering s .
The new phenomenon specied by the strong modulation of scattering by
the inhomogeneity form-factor (3) consists in exact zeroing of forward scattering s = 0 at arbitrary value of p for inhomogeneities violating the Rayleigh
law of scattering, when NR > 0 (25), (27); (3), (13)-(23), (29); (9), (11)
G(R) (p, s = 0) = 0, for NR > 0.
(32)
(R)
And the rate of G
growth at s growing decreases with increasing of NR
(9), (11) for the arbitrary value of correlation radius to wavelength ratio p. It
is a strong suppression of the isotropic Rayleigh scattering and thus a strong
growth of the resonance scattering with increasing of p.
Formula (31) is true only if G(R) has exact zeroes in p. Its usefulness in
14

G (R)

W/inh2

m
Figure 21:

Correlator (3), (13)-(23), (29) giving violation of the main law of resonance
(0) (0) (0)
(0)
(m)
(p)
scattering. N (r)=5, Ni =1, Ni =0, pi1 =0, i=1,..,5; m11 =0, mi1 =15, i=2,..,5; a11 :a21 :a31 :
(0) (0)
(r)
(r)
(r)
(r)
1

a :a =10:9:7/2 :5/4 :1/2, D =166.7, D =1.785, D =5.45510 , D =1.756101 ,

41

51

(r)=6.789102 .
D
5

Figure 22:

Violation of the resonance scattering main law (Fig.12) with strong localization
of maxima due to the Rayleigh law of scattering violation by the partial inhomogeneities for
the correlator of Fig. 21; p0 = 2.0.

G (R)

W/inh2

m
Figure 23:

Correlator (3), (13)-(23), (29) giving violation of the main law of resonance
(p)
(m)
(0)
scattering. N (r) = 5, Ni = 1, Ni
= 0, pi1 = 0, i = 1, . . . , 5; m11 = 0, mi1 = 15, i = 2, . . . , 5;
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(r) = 166.7, D
(r) = 1.785 102 ,
a
:a
:a
:a
:a
= 10 : 9 : 7/2 : 5/4 : 1/2, D
11

21

31

41

51

(r) = 5.51103 , D
(r) = 1.756103 , D
(r) = 6.789102 .
D
3
4
5
(R)

Figure 24: Violation of the resonance scattering main law (Fig.12). G0

of Fig. 23; p0 = 2.0.

for the correlator

this case is proved by the strong localizations of the G(R) maxima in p due to
violation of the Rayleigh law of scattering by the partial inhomogeneities.
A strong modulation of scattering by the form of inhomogeneity (3) obtained in the present work enables to manipulate the angular spectrum (Figs.
10, 28, 30) as well as frequency spectrum (Figs. 1-6, 11-26) of the Rayleigh
p 1 and resonance p 1 scatterings.
15

W/inh2

W/inh2

G (R)(s

(0)

0.9

Figure 25:

0.2

a - Correlator (3), (13)-(23), (29) giving violation of the main law of resonance
(0)
(m)
(p)
= 0, pi1 = 0, i = 1, . . . , 5; m11 = 0, mi1 = 15, i = 2, . . . , 5;
scattering. N (r) = 5, Ni = 1, Ni
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(r) = 1.667, D
(r) = 1.785 102 ,
a
:a
:a
:a
:a
= 10 : 9 : 7/2 : 5/4 : 1/2, D
11

21

31

41

51

(r) = 5.51103 , D
(r) = 1.756103 , D
(r) = 6.789102 ; b - the same as Fig. 25.a, but
D
3
4
5
on a large scale.
Figure 26: Violation of the resonance scattering main law (Fig.12). G0(R) for the correlator
of Fig. 25; p0 = 2.0.

W/inh2

G (R)( p ;s)
a

m
Figure 27:

(p)

Correlator (3), (13)-(23), (29); N (r) = 5, Ni

(m)
(0)
= 0, pi1 = 0, i = 1, . . . , 5;
(0)
: a51 = 10 : 9 : 7/2 : 5/4 : 1/2,
(r) = 3.771.
(r) = 4.224101 , D
D
5
4

= 1, Ni

(0)
(0)
(0)
(0)
m11 = 0, mi1 = 15, i = 2, . . . , 5; a11 : a21 : a31 : a41
(r)
(r)
(r)
2
3
4

D1 = 5.55510 , D2 = 8.92710 , D3 = 5.26310 ,

Figure 28:

Violation of the resonance scattering main law (Fig.12.b) due to the Rayleigh
law of scattering violation by the partial inhomogeneities constituting
the summary inhomo
(R)
geneity (Fig.27). Ga for the correlator of Fig. 27; pa = 150/ 2.

W/inh2

G (R)( p ;s)
a

m
(r) = 0.
Figure 29: Correlator (3), (13)-(23), (29); the same as Fig 27 but D
1
(R)
Figure 30: Violation
of
the
resonance
scattering
main
law
(Fig.12.b).
G
for
the correlator
a

of Fig. 29; pa = 85/ 2.

16

5
5.1

Diuse scattering
The main law of the diuse scattering

Diuse scattering is the short-wavelength scattering when p 1. The character

size of the statistical inhomogeneity, i.e. its radius of correlation, is much
greater then the wavelength of the incident Rayleigh wave amax . The
maximum of the diuse scattering takes place only in the forward direction direction of the incident Rayleigh wave propagation since the inhomogeneity
is more smooth for the incident Rayleigh wave in the short-wavelength limit
p 1. The values of the angular distribution of scattering as a function of the
correlation radius to wavelength ratio p at a constant value of the scattering
(0)
angle s lie in the region p 1 beyond the maximum of the resonance
scattering at p 1. It is the main law of the diuse scattering (Figs. 31, 32).

G (R)(s

(0)

W/inh2

G (R)( p
a

s)

a
m
Figure 31:
N (r)

Correlator (3), (13)-(23), (29) giving the main law of the diuse scattering.
(0)
(m)
(p)
= 0, p11 = 0, m11 = 0.
= 1, N1 = 1, N1

Figure 32:

b - angular distribution

5.2

(R)

The main law of the diuse scattering: a - G0

(R)
Ga (pa , s ),

pa = 10,

(0)
s

(0)

(0)

(p, s ), p0 = 2.0, s

= /2;

= 0 for the correlator of Fig. 31.

Violation of the diuse scattering main law

It follows from the formulas (3), (9), (13)-(23), (27), (29), that inhomogeneities
violating the Rayleigh law of scattering, when they have a such form of the
correlation function (3) that NR > 0 (27), violate the main law of the diuse
scattering as well (Figs. 33 - 38). In this case, when NR > 0, the angular
distribution of scattering for the forward direction is equal to zero (32). Position s0 of the scattering maxima in angle of scattering s , i.e. maxima
of the G(R) (p, s ) as a function of s at a constant p1, in the case when
(0)
NR > 0 is given approximately by the formula (31), in which p1k , k = 1, 2 . . .
(0)
are exact maxima positions of the G(R) (p, s ) as a function of the variable p
(0)
at a constant angle of scattering value s = s (Figs. 33 - 38). Position of the
(0)
(R)
angular distribution of scattering G
maximum in p at a constant s =s
and at increase of NR (25) moves to the short-wavelength region p 1, i.e. to
(m)
the region of the diuse scattering (Fig. 39). Increase of the parameter Ni ,
17

G (R)(s

W/inh2

G (R)( p

(0)

s)

a
m
Figure 33:

Correlator (3), (13)-(23), (29) giving violation of the diuse scattering main
(p)
(m)
(0)
law. N (r) = 1, N1 = 1, N1
= 0, p11 = 0, m11 = 15.
(0)
Figure 34: Violation of the diuse scattering main law: a - G0(R) (p, (0)
s ), p0 = 7.5, s =
(R)

(0)

/2; b - angular distribution Ga (pa , s ), pa = 10, s

G (R)(s

W/inh2

= /3 for the correlator of Fig. 33.

G (R)( p

(0)

s)

a
m
Figure 35:

Correlator (3), (13)-(23), (29) giving violation of the diuse scattering main
(p)
(m)
(0)
law. N (r)=1, N1 =1, N1 =0, p11 =0, m11=50.

Figure 36:

(R)

Violation of the diuse scattering main law: a - G0

/2; b - angular distribution

(R)
Ga (pa , s ),

pa=10,

G (R)(s

W/inh2

(0)
s =

(0)

(0)

(p, s ), p0 =13.5, s =

for the correlator of Fig. 35.

(0)

G (R)( p
a

s)

m
Figure 37:

Correlator (3), (13)-(23), (29) giving violation of the diuse scattering main
(0)
(p)
(m)
(0)
(0)
(r)=1, D
(r)=3.3.
law. N (r)=2, Ni =1, Ni =0, pi1 =0, i = 1, 2; m11=15, m21=50, a11 /a21 =1; D
1
2

Figure 38:

(R)

Violation of the diuse scattering main law: a - G0

/2; b - angular distribution

(R)
Ga (pa , s ),

pa=10,

18

(0)
s =

(0)

(0)

(p, s ), p0 =13.5, s =

for the correlator of Fig. 37.

i.e. modication of the scattering Rayleigh series (9), (11), even if NR = 0

leads to the shift of the G(R) maximum in p to the region of the high frequencies p 1 as well (Fig. 40). In the last case and when NR = 0 ihomogeneity
(Fig. 40.1) has a such form (3), (13)-(23), (29) that scattering on it satises
the Rayleigh law of scattering but violates the main laws of the resonance and
diuse scatterings due to shift of the G(R) maximum in variable p. This modication of the scattering Rayleigh series is produced by the special form of the
inhomogeneity (3), (13)-(23), (29) constituted from the partial inhomogeneities
violating the Rayleigh law of scattering.
Both these phenomena - zeroing of the forward scattering and shift of the
G(R) maximum in p are violation of the diuse scattering main law.

Amplicationand suppression of theRayleigh,

resonance and diuse scatterings
by the partial inhomogeneities following
the new laws of the Rayleigh scattering

It was discussed in the sections 4.2, 4.3.1 and 5.2 that two physical phenomena contribute to violation of the resonance and diuse scatterings main laws
(sections 4.1 and 5.1).
The rst phenomenon is inverse-proportionality of a scattering to the correlation radius of the partial inhomogeneity and consequently a growth of the
contribution of scattering on the small-scale partial inhomogeneities, having
the partial correlation radiuses smaller than the correlation radius amax of the
summary inhomogeneity, to the summary scattering by the whole multiscale inhomogeneity (3), (13)-(23), (29). This phenomenon is dened by a single-scale
calibration of the physical measurements of the scattering on the multiscale inhomogeneities. Single-scale calibration means that single unity of length is used
in counting of the contributions to scattering from the partial inhomogeneities
of the dierent scale constituting the whole inhomogeneity. Scatterings, for
example G(R) , on the separate partial inhomogeneities of the dierent scale
but having the same form are equal to each other if the unity of length which is
used for each separate physical measurement of the scattering on a corresponding separate partial inhomogeneity is directly proportional to the correlation
radius of the partial inhomogeneity. And this direct proportionality must be
the same for all the separate physical measurements of scattering on the partial inhomogeneities. Mathematically this phenomena is explained by the use
of the same character size of the summary inhomogeneity amax for the nondimensionalization of the summary angular distribution of scattering G(R) (9)
and consequently for the non-dimensionalization of the each contribution to
(R)
summary scattering (amax /ai )Gi (9) from the partial inhomogeneities of the
dierent scale.

19

The second phenomenon is the strong modulation of scattering by the forms

of the partial inhomogeneities violating the Rayleigh law of scattering [7], (sections 3, 4, 5). This phenomenon means that beside dependence of contribution
to summary scattering on the scale of the partial inhomogeneity mentioned
above the form of the partial inhomogeneity plays the main role dening the
contribution to summary scattering from the each partial inhomogeneity. This
phenomenon can be investigated by means of comparison of the scatterings on
the single-scale inhomogeneities of the dierent form.
Eects of the scattering amplication and suppression by means of the
strong modulation of scattering by the single-scale inhomogeneities, i.e. having
the same character size - radius of correlation, violating the Rayleigh law of
scattering are considered in this section in detail. These eects are used for the
modeling of scattering by the multiscale inhomogeneities (see sections 3, 4, 5
as well).

6.1

Single-scale inhomogeneities

Figs. 39, 40 show phenomena of the resonance and diuse scatterings amplication with and without suppression of the Rayleigh scattering by the single-scale
inhomogeneities violating the Rayleigh law of scattering. Increse of the NR for
the partial ihomogeneity, i.e. violation of the Rayleigh law of scattering, causes
the Rayleigh scattering suppression and amplication of the resonance and diffuse scatterings. Maximum of the resonance scattering at p 1 moves to the
region of the diuse scattering p 1 (Fig. 39). Amplication of the diuse
scattering is accompanied by the suppression of the resonance scattering (Fig.
39.3) as well. Analogical physical phenomena are produced by means of the
(m)
parameter Ni
variation, that is by means of the scattering Rayleigh series
(9), (11), (3), (13)-(23), (29) modication using the partial inhomogeneities
violating the Rayleigh law of scattering (Fig. 40).

6.2

Multiscale inhomogeneities

Figs. 41, 42, 43 show scattering of the incident Rayleigh wave by the two inhomogeneities of the dierent scale. That is these inhomogeneities have dierent
radius of correlation, but amax is chosen the same for the both inhomogeneities
and is equal to radius of correlation of the more small-scale inhomogeneity
which have the smallest radius of correlation. So the same values of the parameter p correspond to the same values of the incident and scattered Rayleigh
wave wavelength.
Fig. 41 shows scattering by the two inhomogeneities of the dierent scale
following the Rayleigh law of scattering. Growth of the correlation radius increases the value of the topological characteristic C (n) (11), (12) so the Rayleigh
scattering 5 increases as well. And an inhomogeneity with a bigger radius
of correlation corresponds to a bigger wavelength of the resonance scattering
maximum at p 1 so to a smaller frequency of the Rayleigh wave. The value
of the resonance scattering maximum is inverse proportional to correlation radius of inhomogeneity (sections 4.2, 6). So for the inhomogeneities of the same

20

G (R)(s

W/inh2

(0)

m
Figure 39:

Suppression of the Rayleigh (2, 3) and resonance (3) scatterings and amplication of the resonance (2) and diuse (3) scatterings. Correlator (3), (13)-(23), (29) and
(p)
(m)
(0)
(0)
(0)
the angular distribution G(R) (p, s ) (9). N (r)=1, N1 =1, N1 =0, p11 =0, s =/2; 1 m11 = 0 (NR = 0); 2 - m11 = 1/2 (NR = 1); 3 - m11 = 15 (NR = 30).

G (R)(s

(0)

W/inh2
0.1

Figure 40:

Suppression of the Rayleigh (1, 2, 3) and resonance (2, 3) scatterings and

amplication of the resonance (1) and diuse (1, 2, 3) scatterings. Correlator (3), (13)-(23),
(0)
(m)
(0)
(p)
(29) and the angular distribution G(R) (p, s ) (9). N (r)= 1, N1 = 1, N1 = 100, p11 = 0,
(0)

s =/2; 1 - m11=0; 2 - m11=1/2; 3 - m11=15.

form inhomogeneity with the bigger correlation radius corresponds to smaller

value of the resonance scattering maximum. The value of this maximum is
dened also by the form of the inhomogeneity in the direction perpendicular
to the surface of the solid, i.e. by the depth of the damaged layer d (24). The
value of this depth d = amax everywhere, but dependence of scattering on the
form-factor F (x3 ) (24) [6, 7] is not considered in detail in the present work.

21

Fig. 42 shows scattering by the two inhomogeneities with another relation

of the correlation radiuses. Beside this the form of the second inhomogeneity is
(m)
dened by the parameter N1 = 100 (21). It means that this inhomogeneity
has a such form that the Rayleigh series of scattering (9), (11) in powers of the
parameter p contains the rst term corresponding to the Rayleigh scattering
p5 , but the next 100 terms of the Rayleigh series are absent. That is the second term of the Rayleigh series (9), (11) is proportional to p207 . It is a strong
modulation of scattering by the single-scale partial inhomogeneities violating
the Rayleigh law of scattering and constituting the whole inhomogeneity (Fig.
42.2) satisfying the Rayleigh law of scattering, but giving a special form of
the scattering Rayleigh series mentioned above. Increase of the inhomogeneity
correlation radius (Fig. 42.2) compare to correlation radius of inhomogeneity
presented in Fig. 42.1 amax leads to an amplication of the Rayleigh scattering, to decrease of the resonance maximum and to the shift of the resonance
maximum in p to the region of the low frequencies. But increase of the parame(m)
ter N1 suppresses the Rayleigh scattering, amplies the resonance scattering
and shifts the resonance scattering maximum to the region of the high frequencies. In result this form of the whole inhomogeneity (Fig. 42.2) leads to
the narrowing of the scattering spectrum from the side of the high frequencies
(Fig. 42) contrary to the analogical strong modulation of scattering by the
inhomogeneity forms presented in the Figs. 39, 40 which violates the Rayleigh
law of scattering and narrow the scattering spectrum from the side of the low
frequencies.
Fig. 43 also shows a strong modulation of scattering by the inhomogeneity
form constituted from the partial inhomogeneities violating the Rayleigh law
of scattering. In result of such strong modulation the second inhomogeneity of
Fig. 43 gives amplication of the Rayleigh scattering and amplication of the
resonance scattering from the side of the high frequencies. The scattering is
reduced in the intermediate frequency region.

Conclusion

A strong modulation of scattering by an inhomogeneity form giving rise to

violation of the Rayleigh law of scattering (25) enables to construct basis linear
independent functions of the variables p = amax / - ratio of the inhomogeneity
character size to the wavelength and s - the angle of scattering. Each of
these functions describes the angular distribution of scattering G(R) (p, s ) or
coecient of scattering 1/l(R) and corresponds to the scattering by the denite
form of inhomogeneity.
From the mathematical point of view a strong modulation of scattering by
an inhomogeneity form obtained in the present work means that the principal
physical laws of the Rayleigh, resonance and diuse scatterings are dened not
only by the one parameter p - character size of inhomogeneity to wavelength
ratio but by the variety of parameters as well. These parameters are relations
between partial inhomogeneities character sizes, i.e. between partial correlation
radiuses, dening the form of a summary inhomogeneity. The physical value
22

Gr(R)(s

W/inh2

(0)

0.01

Figure 41: Amplication of the Rayleigh scattering and suppression of the resonance scat(R)
(0)
tering (2). Correlator (3), (13)-(23), (29) and the angular distribution Gr (p, s ) =
(0)
(R)
(0)
(R)
G (p, s )/G1 (p0 , s ), where index 1 denotes the rst inhomogeneity, p0 = 2.0.
(p)

(m)

N (r)=1, N1 =1, N1

(0)

(0)

(0)

(0)

=0, p11 =0, m11=0, s =/2; 1 - amax /a11 =1; 2 - amax /a11 =1/3.

W/inh2

Gr(R)(s

(0)

0.1

Figure 42:

Narrowing of the scattering spectrum from the side of the high frequencies
(R)
(0)
(2). Correlator (3), (13)-(23), (29) and the angular distribution Gr (p, s ), p0 = 2.0.
(0)
(m)
(0)
(0)
(0)
(p)
(r)
N =1,N1 =1,p11 =0, m11 =0, s =/2; 1 - amax /a11 =1, N1 =0; 2 - amax /a11 =1/10,
(m)

N1

=100.

Gr(R)(s

W/inh2

Figure 43:

(0)

Amplication of the Rayleigh and resonance (from the side of the high frequencies) scatterings (2). Reduction of scattering in the intermediate frequency region (2).
(R)
(0)
(0)
Correlator (3), (13)-(23), (29) and the angular distribution Gr (p, s ), p0 = 2.0. s =/2;
(m)
(p)
(0)
(0)
(p)
(0)
1 - N (r)=1, N1 =1, p11 =0, m11 =0, amax /a11 =1, N1 =0; 2 - N (r)=2; Ni =1, pi1 =0,
(0)
(0)
(0)
(m)
(m)
(r)
(r)
=D
=1.
i = 1, 2; m11=0, m21=0, amax /a =1/3, a /a =1, N =0, N =100, D
11

11

21

dening all the variety of these parameters, consequently the inhomogeneity

form and thus the principal laws of the Rayleigh, resonance and diuse scatterings is the topological characteristics of inhomogeneity C (n) (11), (12), (25),
(26), (28).

23

So the principal physical laws of the Rayleigh, resonance and diuse scatterings completely depend on the space conguration of the physical objects
interacting in scattering, that is on the form of the incident wave dened by the
wavelength and on the form of the inhomogeneity, dened by the topological
characteristics C (n) (12).
This basis of scattering, i.e. a strong modulation of scattering by the inhomogeneity form, enables to construct a denite form of the scattering spectrum
not only for the Rayleigh scattering p 1, but for the resonance p 1 and for
the diuse p 1 scatterings, violating the main laws of the Rayleigh, resonance
and diuse scatterings as well.
Results of the present work can be used in seismology, solid state physics,
acoustic microscopy and acoustoelectronics.

References
[1] A.P. Khusu, Yu.R. Vitenberg, V.A. Palmov. Roughness of Surfaces.
Theoretically-Probabilistic Approach (in Russian), Nauka, Moscow, 1975.
[2] A. Einstein. Mitteil. Phys. Gesellschaft Zurich, 1916, v. 16, p. 7.
[3] I.L. Fabelinskii. Phys.-Usp., 1998, v. 41, p. 1229.
[4] Lord Rayleigh. The theory of sound. Vols. I, II. New York. Dover. 1945.
[5] A.A. Maradudin. Surface Acoustic Waves. In: Nonequilibrium Phonon
Dynamics, ed. by W.E. Bron. Plenum, New York 1985, p. 395.
[6] V.N. Chukov. The new laws of the Rayleigh wave scattering on a nearsurface inhomogeneity. Proceedings of the International Conference
Days on Diraction 2012, May 28 -June 1, 2012, St. Petersburg, Russia,
p. 47-53. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org. DOI: 10.1109/DD.2012.6402750.
[7] V.N. Chukov. On Rayleigh, Resonance and Short-Wavelength Scattering
Laws of Rayleigh Wave. Moscow. Preprint. IBCP RAS, 2002, 32 p.
(The Russian State Library.)
[8] V.N. Chukov. Connection between violation of the Rayleigh law of scattering and the resonance scattering. Days on Diraction 2014. International
Conference. May 26-30, 2014, St. Petersburg, Russia. Abstracts, p. 29.
[9] V.N. Chukov. On violation of Rayleigh and Bragg laws of scattering. Days on Diraction (DD), International Seminar, 2011, p. 55.
http://ieeexplore.ieee.org. DOI: 10.1109/DD.2011.6094365.
IEEE CONFERENCE PUBLICATIONS.
[10] V.N. Chukov. Solid State Communications 2009, v. 149, p. 2219.
[11] V.N. Chukov. Ultrasonics. 2012, v. 52, p. 5.

24

Contents
1 The scattering problem of the Rayleigh wave

2 Angular distribution and coecient

of scattering

3 The new laws of the Rayleigh scattering

3.1 Correlator form and
the new laws of the Rayleigh scattering . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.2 Frequency oscillations of the Rayleigh scattering . . . . . . .
3.3 Angular spectrum of the Rayleigh scattering . . . . . . . . . .
3.3.1 Some characteristic anisotropy of the Rayleigh law
of scattering for the Rayleigh wave . . . . . . . . . . .
3.3.2 A strong angular anisotropy of the Rayleigh scattering
violating the Rayleigh law of scattering . . . . . . . .

5
.
.
.

5
9
10

10

10

4 Resonance scattering
4.1 The main law of the resonance scattering . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.2 Violation of the resonance scattering main law
without violation of the scattering Rayleigh law . . . . . . . . .
4.3 Violation of the resonance scattering main law with violation of
the scattering Rayleigh law by the partial inhomogeneities . . .
4.3.1 Strong maxima localizations and arbitrary frequency
spectrum form of the resonance scattering . . . . . . . .
4.3.2 Arbitrary angular spectrum form of the resonance scattering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

11
11

5 Diuse scattering
5.1 The main law of the diuse scattering . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.2 Violation of the diuse scattering main law . . . . . . . . . . .

17
17
17

12
12
12
12

6 Amplication and suppression of the Rayleigh, resonance and

diuse scatterings by the partial inhomogeneities following the
new laws of the Rayleigh scattering
19
6.1 Single-scale inhomogeneities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20
6.2 Multiscale inhomogeneities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20
Conclusion

22

References

24

Vitalii N. Chukov
Connection Between Violation of the Rayleigh Law of Scattering
and the Resonance Scattering.