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(a)
(b)
(c)
(ii)
(iii)
(d)
hydrochloric acid
sulphuric acid
(1)
(Total 6 marks)
Page 1 of 9
Q2.
The label shows the ions present in the bottle of spring water. This water is temporarily hard.
(a)
Name the compound that would be present in the greatest amount if this water were
evaporated to dryness.
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(2)
(b)
(i)
(ii)
(c)
Describe an experiment that would show that this water is temporarily hard.
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(4)
Page 2 of 9
(d)
##
A leaflet listed the effects of hard water:
Page 3 of 9
Q4.
The chemical compositions of two samples of hard water, A and B, are shown in the table.
pH
Ions present:
Ca2+
Mg2+
Na+
HCO3
CI
2
SO4
Sample A
Sample B
Concentration in mg/litre
101
135
299
14
136
NO3
(a)
(b)
Use the information in the table to explain what is meant by hard water.
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(1)
(c)
(d)
(i)
Page 4 of 9
(ii)
(e)
Page 5 of 9
M1.
(a)
perfume
1
(b)
a substance that whitens / removes colour or stains allow kills bacteria / germs
not cleans
1
(c)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(d)
sulphuric acid
1
[6]
M2.
(a)
calcium
allow formulae
1
carbonate
1
(b)
(i)
soap
allow 2 marks for
contains CaSO4 / Ca(HCO3)2 / Ca2+ / Mg2+
1
(ii)
taste / strengthen bones, teeth etc / health reason e.g. less heart
disease / makes better beer
1
Page 6 of 9
(c)
result/comparison
alternative answers:
boil (not to dryness)
cloudiness in water/some deposit formed
if a comparison is made with a sample of a soft water, a further 2
marks would be possible
1
(d)
ion-exchange
1
[10]
M3.
less maintenance / use of plumber / dont need to buy new heater or shower /
no descaling needed (pipes or showers) / no cleaning of blocked pipes
1
[3]
M4.
(a)
weak
not slightly
2
alkaline / base
mark independently
1
(b)
Page 7 of 9
(c)
(d)
(i)
sample B
1
not softened by boiling / does not contain many HCO3 ions / cannot
precipitate CaCO3
1
(ii)
(e)
[10]
Page 8 of 9
Page 9 of 9