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What is service ?

A service is a unit of functionality exposed to the world. Service orientation (SO) is an


abstract set of principles and best practices for building service-oriented applications.

What do you mean by client ?


The client of a service is the program unit consuming its functionality. The client can
be literally anythingfor instance, Console application, Windows Forms, WPF, or
Silverlight class, anASP.NET page, or another service.

What is WCF ?

Stands for Windows Communication Foundation.


Its code name is Indigo.
It is a framework for building, configuring and deploying interoperable distributed
services.
It enables you to write more secure flexible services without any code change
(using configuration).
It also provide built-in support for logging. You can enable/disable logging using
configuration.
WCF = Web Service + Remoting + MSMQ + COM+
or
WCF = ASMX + .Net Remoting + WSE + Messaging + Enterprise Services

What are the transport schemes


supported by WCF ? Give example of
address for each scheme.
Following are the transport schemes supported by WCF:

HTTP/HTTPS - http://localhost:8001/MyService
TCP - net.tcp://localhost:8002/MyService
IPC - net.pipe://localhost/MyPipe
Peer network
MSMQ - net.msmq://localhost/private/MyQueue
Service bus - sb://MyNamespace.servicebus.windows.net/

What is Contract ? What are the types of


Contract ?
It is the agreement between client and service which specifies:

[ServiceContract] - which services are exposed to the client.


[OperationContract] - which operations the client can perform on the service.
[DataContract] which data types are passed to and from the service.
[MessageContract] - allow the service to interact directly with messages.
Message contracts can be typed or untyped and are useful in interoperability cases
when another party has already dictated some explicit (typically proprietary) message
format.
[FaultContract] -which errors are raised by the service and how the service
handles andpropagates errors to its clients.

What is the difference between Web


Service and WCF Service ?
Features
Hosting

Web Service
It can be hosted in IIS.

Programmin Apply [WebService] attribute to the class


g
to be exposed as a service.
Model

Apply [WebMethod] attribute to the


method exposed to client.

WCF

It can be hosted in IIS, WAS (windows activation


service), Self-hosting or Windows service

Apply [ServiceContract] attribute to the class to


exposed as a service.

Apply [OperationContract] attribute to the meth


exposed to client.

Supported
One-way and Request- Response.
Operations

One-Way, Request-Response and Duplex.

Logging

No custom implementation needed. Can be con


in service config file.

Serialization
Supported
Encoding

Needs custom implementation.

System.Xml.serialization namespace is
System.Runtime.Serialization namespace is use
used.
XML 1.0, MTOM(Message Transmission
XML 1.0, MTOM, Binary, Custom.
Optimization Mechanism), DIME, Custom.

Supported Can be accessed through HTTP, TCP and


Transports Custom.

Can be accessed through HTTP, TCP, Named pip


MSMQ,P2P(Peer to Peer) and Custom.

Service
Types

ASMX, .Net Remoting

.ASMX, .Net Remoting, WSE(WS* Protocols), MS


Enterprise Services

Supported
Protocols

Security

Security, Reliable messaging, Transactions

How can we host WCF service ?

Every WCF service needs to be hosted in a windows process called the host process. A
single host process can host multiple services, and the same service type can be hosted
in multiple host processes.
WCF services can be hosted in many ways:
IIS 5/6 Hosting
WCF services can be hosted in IIS. It is similar to hosting a ASMX web service. To host a
WCF service, you need to create a .svc file similar to this example and put it in virtual
directory of IIS:
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<%@ ServiceHost Language = "C#" Debug = "true" CodeBehind = "/App_Code/MyService.cs" Service


= "MyService" %>

Instead of defining a .svc file, you can create and host the service in .config file as
below:
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<system.serviceModel>
<serviceHostingEnvironment>
<serviceActivations>
<add relativeAddress = "MyService.svc" service = "WcfService.MyService"/>
<add relativeAddress = "MyOtherService.svc" service = "MyOtherService"/>
</serviceActivations>
</serviceHostingEnvironment>
<services>
<service name = "WcfService.MyService">
...
</service>
<service name = "MyOtherService">
...
</service>
</services>
</system.serviceModel>

Self Hosting
Self-hosting is the technique in which the developer is responsible for providing and
managing the lifecycle of the host process. You can host WCF service inside any
Windows process, such as a Windows Forms application, a WPF application, a Console
application, or a Windows NT Service.
You can also host your WCF service as in-proc. In-process (or in-proc) hosting is the
hosting technique where the service resides in the same process as the client. By
definition, the developer provides the host for the in-proc hosting.
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var host = new ServiceHost(typeof(MyService));


host.Open();
Console.WriteLine("Press any key to stop service");

Console.ReadKey();
host.Close();

WAS (Windows Activation Service) Hosting


Microsoft provides a generalpurpose hosting engine called the Windows Activation
Service (WAS). WAS is a system service available with Windows Vista, Windows Server
2008, and Windows 7 (or later). The WAS is a true general-purpose hosting engine. It
can host websites (in fact, IIS 7 will host its websites in the WAS by default), but it can
just as easily host your services, allowing you to use any transport, such as TCP, IPC, or
MSMQ. You can install and configure the WAS separately from IIS 7. Hosting a WCF
service in the WAS is designed to look just like hosting in IIS 5/6. You need to either
supply an .svc file, just as with IIS 5/6, or provide the equivalent information in the
config file.
Custom Hosting in IIS/WAS
When using IIS 5/6 or WAS, you have no direct access to the host. To overcome this
hurdle, WCF provides a hook called a host factory. Using the Factory tag in the .svc file,
you can specify a class you provide that creates the host instance.
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<%@ ServiceHost Language = "C#" Debug = "true" CodeBehind = "/App_Code/MyService.cs" Service


= "MyService" Factory = "MyServiceFactory" %>

You can also specify the host factory in the config file when not using an .svc file
explicitly:
Hide Copy Code

<serviceActivations>
<add relativeAddress = "MyService.svc" service = "MyService" factory = "MyServiceFactory" />
</serviceActivations>

Note: The host factory class must derive from the ServiceHostFactory class and override
the CreateServiceHost() virtual method.
Windows Server AppFabric
AppFabric is an extension to the WAS. It is geared more toward WF services, which
require support for persistence and state management correlation. Windows Server
AppFabric adds items for managing and monitoring the services, as well as WCF and WF
configuration items, to the IIS 7 management console. Windows Server AppFabric
provides a dashboard for monitoring the running instances of WCF or WF services, and
is reminiscent of the MTS or COM+ Component Services Explorer of old. Windows Server
AppFabric provides health monitoring and custom diagnostics, as well as some
troubleshooting features for analyzing why a service call has failed.
Windows Server AppFabric also supports scripting of all the options available in the user
interface. Windows Server AppFabric offers its own events collecting system service,

which stores the events in a SQL Server database. You can provide Windows Server
AppFabric with tracing and tracking profiles at various verbosity levels.

How do you choose the hosting for WCF


internet service ?

What is Ajax?
Ajax is abbreviated as Asynchronous Javascript and XML. It is new technique used to
create better, faster and more interactive web systems or applications. Ajax uses
asynchronous data transfer between the Browser and the web server.
This technique is used to make internet faster and user friendly. It is not a programming
language.
2. What are Ajax applications?
Browser based applications and platform independent applications are used by Ajax.
3. How many types of triggers are present in update panel?
There are two types of triggers used in update panel:

PostBackTrigger This works as full postback and it cannot work


asynchronously

AsyncPostBackTrigger Partial post back asynchronously

4. What are all the controls of Ajax?


Following are the controls of Ajax:

ScriptManager

ScriptManagerProxy

UpdatePanel

UpdateProgress

Timer

5. What is the name of the DLL that contains Ajax control tool kit?
Ajaxcontroltoolkit.dll is the DLL used for Ajax control tool kit and it can be downloaded from
the internet. It can be added in the tool box or copied directly in the bin folder.
6. What role of #&& in querystring?
# is treated as fragment delimiter to delimit the history state and && precedes is used to
check on the information in the query string.
7. How to control the duration of an Ajax request?
AsyncPostBackTimeout property is used to control the duration of Ajax request. Deafult
value of this property is 90 seconds.
Example

1 <asp:ScriptManager runat=server id=sample AsyncPostBackTimeout=40/>

8. What are the advantages of Ajax?


Following are the advantages of Ajax:

Bandwidth utilization It saves memory when the data is fetched from the
same page.

More interactive

Speeder retrieval of data

9. What are the disadvantages of Ajax?


Following are the disadvantages of Ajax:

1.

AJAX is dependent on Javascript. If there is some Javascript problem with


the browser or in the OS, Ajax will not support

2.

Ajax can be problematic in Search engines as it uses Javascript for most of


its parts.

3.

Source code written in AJAX is easily human readable. There will be some
security issues in Ajax.

4.

Debugging is difficult

5.

Increases size of the requests

6.

Slow and unreliable network connection.

7.

Problem with browser back button when using AJAX enabled pages.

10. What is update panel?


Update panel is a server control used to update the specified portion of a web page. Script
Manager needs to be used whenever update panel is used. Using update panel, user
cannot handle outside controls.
11. Which are the two methods used for cross domain Ajax calls?
There are two methods used to transfer data between the two more more security domains:

CROS Cross Origin Resource Sharing and it works with the HTTP web
browsers

JSONP JSON with Padding which works with the HTTP GET and on legacy
browsers

12. What are all the technologies used by Ajax?


AJAX uses following technologies:

JavaScript

XMLHttpRequest

Document Object Model (DOM)

Extensible HTML (XHTML)

Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)

13. What are all the features of Ajax?


Following are the features of Ajax and they are as follows:

Live data binding

Client-side template rendering

Declarative instantiation of client components

Observer pattern on JavaScript objects and arrays

Invoking ADO.NET data services and data contexts

DataView control

14. What is JSON in Ajax?


JSON is abbreviated as JavaScript Object Notation.
JSON is a safe and reliable data interchange format in JavaScript, which is easy to
understand for both users and machines.
15. What are the difference between AJAX and Javascript?
The differences between AJAX and JavaScript are as follows:
AJAX

Javascript

AJAX sends request to the server and


does not wait for the response. It
performs other operations on the page

JavaScript make a request to the server

during that time

and waits for response

AJAX does not require the page to

JavaScript manages and controls a Web

refresh for downloading the whole page

page after being downloaded

AJAX minimizes the overload on the


server since the script needs to request

JavaScript posts a request that updates

once

the script every time

16. What are the components of the ASP.NET AJAX architecture?


There are two components of AJAX Architecture:

AJAX client architecture

AJAX server architecture

17. What are the extender controls?

The extender controls uses a block of JavaScript code to add new and enhanced
capabilities to ASP.NET.
18. What is AJAX Control Extender Toolkit?
AJAX Control Toolkit is one of the extenders that are used to extend or add the
functionalities of the ASP.NET controls. The extenders use a block of JavaScript code to
add new and enhanced capabilities to the ASP.NET controls.
AJAX Control Extender Toolkit is a free download from site.
19. Where AJAX cannot be used?
Users cannot use AJAX if

If Page need to show in a search engine

If browser does not support JavaScript

If user wants to create secure application

20. What are the pre-requisites to execute AJAX applications on a


server?
AJAX is a built-in functionality of .NET Framework 4.0 and AJAX application can be
executed by just installing Microsoft Visual Studio 2010. To use extenders in your
applications, you are required to install AJAX Control Toolkit and copy the
AjaxControlToolkit.dll file to the Bin directory of your application.
21. What is AJAX Framework?
ASP.NET AJAX is a free framework to implement Ajax in asp.net web applications. It is used
to quickly creating efficient and interactive Web applications that work across all browsers.
22. How can you find out that an AJAX request has been completed?
ReadyState property is used to check whether AJAX request has been completed. If the
property is equal to four, then the request has been completed and data is available.
23. Is javascript knowledge is required to do Ajax?
Yes, if you plan to develop new AJAX functionality for your web application.
24. What are all the browsers support AJAX?

Following browsers support AJAX:


25. How can you test the Ajax code?
JSUnit is the client side javascript code used as part of JUnit. JSUnit has been used for Ajax
code.
26. Is Ajax said to be a technology platform or is it an architectural
style?
Ajax supports both technology and as architectural style.
27. How can AJAX applications be debugged?
Two tools are used for debugging:

Fiddler for IE

Firebug for Mozilla.

28. How can we cancel the XMLHttpRequest in AJAX?


Abort() method can be called to cancel the XMLHttpRequest in Ajax.
29. Is AJAX code cross browser compatible?
No, it is supporting cross browser compatible. If the browsers supports native
XMLHttpRequest JavaScript object, then this can be used.
30. What is the name of object used for AJAX request?
XmlHttpRequest object is used for Ajax requests.
31. What is prerequisite for Update Panel in Ajax?
Script Manager is pre-requisite to use Update Panel controls.
32. How many update panel can be used per page?
There are no restrictions on the number of update panels per page.
33. What is Script Manager?

Script Manager helps manage the client side script of AJAX. Script Manager acts as a
mediator as AJAX depends on JavaScript. Every page that uses AJAX has a Script
Manager to enable AJAX libraries.
34. How Ajax objects can be created?
Following syntax can be used to create Ajax objects:
Var sample = New ajaxObject(path of the page)
35. What are the protocols used by Ajax?

HTTPs GET or POST

XMLHttpRequest for placing a request with the web server

Uses JSON to communicate between the client and server

UED or URL encoded data

36. What are all the security issues of Ajax?


Security issues that can be encountered

When Ajax calls are sent through plain text and it may lead to know the
database details

Inserting scripts can also be possible and attackers can easily penetrate
into the system

37. How can we handle concurrent requests?


Javascript functions should be written to handle concurrent requests and call back function
can be passed as a parameter. Those parameters are passed to AjaxInteraction(URL,
callback) object.
38. Define the role of the Update Panel?
Update Panel is used to add functionality to the existing ASP.NET applications. By using
partial page rendering, it can be used to update the content. Refresh can be made for the
partial page instead of whole page.
39. Can we use nested update panel in Ajax?
Yes, we can use nested update panel in Ajax. Update panels can be nested to have more
control over the Page Refresh.

40. What are the types of post back in Ajax?


There are two types of post backs:

Synchronous Postback

Asynchronous Postback

41. How can we handle exception handling in Ajax?


ErrorTemplate which is the child tag of Script Manager is used to handle exception handling
in Ajax.
42. What are the components of the ASP.NET Ajax Client Library?
Following components are used in Ajax client library:

Component Layer

Core Services Layer

Browser Compatibility Layer

43. What are the controls of the Script Management group?


The controls of script Management group are:

ScriptManager

ScriptManagerProxy

44. What are all the different data types that JSON supports?
JSON supports following data types:

String

Number

Boolean

Array

Object

Null

45. What are the goals of Ajax?


The basic goals of ASP.NET Ajax are:

Reduced web server hits

Reduced Network load

Interactive user interface

Platform and architecture neutrality

Support for both synchronous and asynchronous communication

Provide a server- and client-side framework

46. What is the difference between proxied and proxyless calls in AJAX?
Proxied calls are made through stub objects which can be called from PHP classes on the
JavaScript side in AJAX.
Proxyless calls are made using utility JavaScript functions like HTML_AJAX.replace() and
HTML_AJAX.append() in AJAX.
47. How many types of ready states in Ajax?
There are four ready states in Ajax:

Initialization

Request

Process

Ready

48. What is the difference between RegisterClientScriptBlock,


RegisterClientScriptInclude and RegisterClientScriptResource?
Following are the functions:

RegisterClientScriptBlock The script is specified as a string parameter.

RegisterClientScriptInclude By setting the source attribute to a URL that


point to a script file.

RegisterClientScriptResource specifies Resource name in an assembly.


The source attribute is automatically populated with a URL by a call to an
HTTP handler that retrieves the named script from the assembly.

49. Which request is better, Get or Post?


AJAX requests should use an HTTP GET request where the data does not change for a
given URL requested.
An HTTP POST should be used when state is updated on the server. This is highly
recommended for a consistent web application architecture.

50. What are the limitations of Ajax?


An Ajax Web Application tends to confuse end users if the network bandwidth is slow and
there is no full postback running.

Question - Describe your project?

This system is to track


employees jobs and their holiday details and in turn evaluate their performance
periodically. Our application is a web based application. This system helps in deciding
the future management needs and any changes that has to be made for greater
productivity. It keeps the records of functions performed by the individual employee and
the same will be an input at the time of performance appraisal. Employee monitoring
software can carry out many functions like employee data analysis, centralized employee
database, the time sheet management, etc.
Answer - We have developed monitoring System project,

Question - Advantages of your project?


Answer - It is GUI based application require very less time to learn and use this
application.Objecti

Question - How you gathered requirement of your project?


Answer -

Question - How and where you implement your project?


Answer

Question - Which software you used in your project?


Answer -

Question - What are the methodology used in your project?


Answer - We have used Waterfall method for developing this project, we have
collected all requirements in advance and have clear idea of all milestone of our
project. We have sequenced all the steps of development and complete the steps.

Question - Is it a Hardware or Software project?


Answer - It is Software and DBMS project and used in live system.

Question - What is your role in your project?


Answer - We have 3 members team for developing this project. My role was to
gather requirement from user and form design, coding and making project report.

Question - Explain data flow of your application?


Answer - Data Flow move from an external entity to a process, from a process to
another process, into and out of a store from a process, and from a process to an
external entity. Flows are not permitted to move directly from an external entity to a
store or from a store directly to an external entity. For our project external entity is
Customer and process is bill generation and out put is bill.

Question - What are the entities in your project?


Answer - Customer, Product, User

Question - What are the drawback of your system?


Answer - We have made this application as per user requirement, however we can
use latest software technology like .Net, instated of Crystal Report we can use in
built data report for printing, also can used SQL Server instated of SQL Server for
data security and reliability.

Question - How you test your application?


Answer - We have done unit testing of all forms, modules code written by us and
then done integration testing. After completing these two testing we have done
stress testing by populating more than 1000 products in product master and
customer table to see the performance. Also we have prepare test case and test
result document for verification.

Question - From where you get reference, guide for your project work?
Answer - Mostly we get guide from our class teacher and lab assistance, however
also we have taken assistance from internet, msdn site for coding.

Question - In future what changes you will made in your application?


Answer - We can introduce email, sms feature. instated of printing system can send
email, sms for bill, Card payment option along with cash payment options.

General

1. Have you made this project yourself?

2. Did u prepare it alone?

3. Steps to register a host or domain for your website.

4. How much u paid for this hosting facility?

5. Your conclusion after doing this project project conclusion.

6. From where you get reference, guide for your project work?

7. What is your role in your project?

Systems development life cycle (SDLC)

Preliminary analysis

1. Why you have chosen this project?

2. What is the front end & backend of your project?

3. About project title -describe your project title.

4. What technology have you used for the project?

5. Which model you have used in your project.

6. How was project implemented?

7. What is Limitations of your project?

8. What functionality you provide?

9. Information system -define your system and its working.

10. What are the different modules of your project?

11. What are the different reports generated by your software?

12. How you analyze the system requirements for your project?

13. Tell me about your project.

14. Describe your project?

15. What are the entities in your project?

16. Is it a Hardware or Software project?

17. How you gathered requirement of your project?

18. Advantages of your project?

Systems design

1. How to create db connection.

2. What are your entities in your system?

3. Explain ER, DFD of your project.

4. What is DFD? Draw 0 and 1st level DFD.

5. Can u see the entities and attributes in DFD?

6. Difference between pert chart and Gantt chart.

7. What is Robustness?

8. Explain any Cost Estimation Model like COCOMO and what their inputs

are.

9. What is primary key, secondary key, Alternate key, Candidate key?

10. Functionality and flow of project.

11. What are entities? Types of entities? Set entity?

12. What is active-x control?

13. Explanation about the tables used in my project.

14. No: of modules and their names.

15. SRS.

16. What is SDLC?

17. What is normalization?

18. What are the methodologies used in your project?

19. All the form of normalization.

20. What is cardinality?

21. What is data consistency?

22. What is Data Dictionary?

23. What is integrity constraint?

24. Explain some SQL Queries.

25. SQL basics like Queries, stored procedure trigger and Joins.

26. What is foreign key can its value be null?

27. Difference between varchar & char?

28. What is rule0?

29. How many are Codd rules?

30. Who is father of RDBMS?

31. Explain LINQ query?

32. What is foreign key?

33. Difference between SQL Server and Oracle database?

34. What is ADO or JDBC?

35. Type of JDBC drivers and what advantages JDBC have over ODBC driver.

36. Difference between servlet class, normal java class and container class.

37. What is OOPS?

38. Difference between encapsulation & abstraction?

39. Coding of simple textbox with buttons and its methods and properties?

40. How many types of inheritance available in java and how to implement

multiple inheritances in java.

41. What is the extension of java executable file?

42. Protocol for file transfer over the internet and what is TCP/IP.

43. What is html?

44. What is internet?

45. What is TCP/IP?

46. Difference between online and offline.

47. Which software you used in your project?

48. Explain data flow of your application?

49. Why you preferred ORACLE for your project.

Development

1. They can ask about coding part also.

2. What is Code Efficiency?

3. Some Part of Coding.

4. Write the Grid view Coding.

5. Write a select query and explain the data flow regarding the table and the

form.

6. What to connect to the database?

7. Client server architecture and how it is implemented in project.

8. Do you think waterfall model exists now days?

9. Why did you choose ASP.NET instead if Java?

10. What is namespace?

11. What is the server of ASP.net?

12. What is state management?

13. What is session?

14. What is view state?

15. What is the default time in session?

16. What is query string?

17. Features of ASP.net?

Integration and testing

1. What is software testing?

2. What are different types of software Testing explain?

3. Explain the necessity of testing a project?

4. How was testing done give some scenario.

5. How can you prevent your data from other users?

6. What is Validation? Have you implemented the validations?

7. Which testing technique have you used? What is white box testing? Which

technique under white box testing?

8. Which case tool I have used for testing?

9. Explain Testing and its methods.

10. Testing strategy.

11. What are Test Cases?

12. What is exception?

13. What is try catch?

14. How would you handle network failures?

15. Connectivity failures between database and web server.

16. How does u ensure that the database does not get corrupted?

17. How you test your application?

18. What is security features?

Acceptance, installation, deployment

1. Draw backs of system and future scope.

2. What are the drawbacks of your system?

3. How and where you implement your project?

Maintenance

1. In future what changes you will make in your application?

2. What features you can add in your project in future?

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