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(1-5) DirectCosts:
Fines in the criminal courts.
First- aid or medical cost.
Workers sick pay.
Overtime to make up for the lost time.
Lost production time whilst dealing with the injury.
Compensation payable to the victim.
Increase in insurance premium and indemnity payment.
Indirect Costs:
Loss of staff morale in the organization.
Damage to public image and business reputation.
Cost of recruiting and training temporary or replacement of labour.
Cost of remedial action following an investigation.
General difficulties in recruiting and retaining staff.
Compliance with any enforcement notice served.
Also by maintaining the work place by preventing accidents shall increase the company reputation
and maintaining the image and reputation of the company with its variousstakeholders, Improve the
good safety culture in the organization.
3. Give the
meaning of the followingterm:
(10)
(a) Health:
Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of
disease or infirmity.
(b) Safety:
The condition of being protected from or unlikely to cause danger, risk, or injury.
(c) Welfare:
Statutory procedure or social effort designed to promote the basic physical and material well-being of
workers in need.
Ex: Provision of portable drinking water, Restroom etc.
(d) Environmental Protection:
Environmental protection refers to any activity to maintain or restore the quality of environmental
media through preventing the emission of pollutants or reducing the presence of polluting substances
in environmental media.
Ex: changes in production techniques.
(e) Near Misses:
A near miss is an unplanned event that did not result in injury, illness, or damage but had the
potential to do so.
Example: A stone falls from height and close to your body but there is no accident or damage to the
property.
(f) Commuting Accidents
Every accident is referred to as commuting accident, which an insured person suffers on the way
to or from the place of the insured activity. These are mainly road accidents, which represent more
than half of the commuting accidents.
Or
A commuting accident is an accident an employee suffers while travelling to or from his place of work.
(g) Hazard
Something that has the potential to cause harm including ill health, injury, loss of product and/or
damage to plant and property e.g. substances, machines, methods of work etc.
For example:
Loud noise is a hazard because it can cause hearing loss.
(h) Risk
The likelihood of harm occurring and its severity. (Severity x likelihood)
For example:
Cement there is a risk that it may cause harm but the level of risk depend on thecircumstances
4. Outline:
1. Workers responsibility
2.
(4)
(1-8)
-
Take responsible care of their own safety and that of other people who might be affected
by the things that they do and the things that they fail to do.
Comply with Organization safety instruction and procedures.
Report any situation which they believe could be a hazard and which they cannot
themselves correct.
Report any work-related accident or ill health.
Use all safety equipment properly and not tamper with it.
3.
Employers responsibility
4.
workers atwork.
(4) (1-8)
To Provide and maintain workplaces, machinery and equipment and use workingmethods
that are safe.
Give necessary instruction, training and supervision in application and use of health and
safety measures.
Introduce organisational arrangements relevant to activities and size of undertaking
Provide PPE and clothing without charge to workers.
Ensure that work organisation, particularly working hours and rest breaks, does not
adversely affect occupational safety and health.
Take reasonably practical measures with a view to eliminating excessive physical and
mental fatigue.
Keep up-to-date of scientific and technical knowledge to comply with the above.
5.
Outline why it is important that all the persons in an organization are aware of their
roles and
responsibilities for health andsafety.
(8)
By knowing their responsibilities is the right education and will preserve the employee
free from ill health.
The awareness shall protect themselves and those around them from harm.
The employees shall cooperate with employer including reporting any situation that
present imminent risk.
The employee shall actively participate and exercise all health and safety related
matters and committees.
The employee shall work towards and achieve the health and safety standards set by
the employer.
The employee to be familiar with occupational health and safety legislation compliance
while at work.
It will ensure them to keep the work place and the equipments are well maintained
without risk.
To avoid any misuse of workplace welfare facilities provided.
6.
-
Emergency supplies
Production delays
Overtime and temporary labour
Investigation time
Supervisors time diverted
7.
(2-7)
Carrying out risk assessment (Planning and organizing for health and safety).
Identifying and supplying health and safety information, instruction and training.
Accident and near miss reporting as per the internal reporting procedure, recording and
investigation.
Consultation with workers on occupational health and safety matters.
Developing safe system of work and permit to work system to control hazards in
theworkplace.
Details of specific hazards to the organisation, e.g. hazardous substances or
lone working.
Carrying out specialist risk assessment such as those on hazardous substances.
Control of contractors and visitors.
Provision of personal protective equipment and safety related training.
Identify and take appropriate control measures against specific type of hazards (e.g.
Machinery, Hazardous Substance, Manual Handling, Fire etc.,)
Compliance monitoring, including auditing of system but also the measuring of
workplace parameters, e.g. noise, to assess the effectiveness of thearrangements.
Communication of health and safety matters including hazards and control measures.
3.
Explain the purpose of the following sections of health and safety policy Or
Identify the three main sections of an organizations health and safety policyAND
Outline the purpose of EACH
(2-4)
Organization: The purpose to which is to allocate the health and safety responsibilities
within the company and reporting lines.
Arrangements: Set out in detail the systems and procedures to show how the policy is
being implemented. (General arrangements are Planning, Organizing, 4Cs, Accident and
reporting and Specific arrangements are fire, electricity, manual handling, work
at height)
4.
system.
(8) (2-1)
Policy: The Company should have health and safety policies which contributes the
company business performance. This would allow the companies to satisfy the
expectation of shareholders, workers and customers. The policy must be cost effective
and aimed to achieve the health and safety standards. The health and safety policies
influence all the work activities and decisions of the company.
Organizing: Organization those are successful in achieving high standards of health and
safety are structured and operated so as to put their health and safety policies into
effective practice. It must be organized by putting effective communication and
promotes the competency of workers which would enable the workers to contribute
their effort.
Planning and Implementation: The successful organizations adopt a planned and
systematic approach to implement the policy as per their planned action. Health and
safety performance standards are established in each level and measured periodically to
ensure the implementation and the standards are achieved as per the company policy
and the action plan.
Evaluation (Monitoring, Review, Measurement, Investigation): Proper recording
and monitoring system / mechanism to be established to measure and record health and
safety performance on a regular basis. Responsibility, accountability and authority for
monitoring at different levels in the management structure should be allocated. Health
and safety performance in organizations that manage health and safety successful is
measured against pre-determined standards. Best health and safety practices to be
applied in all the levels of management system. Continuous review of health and safety
management system is essential and this will provide to achieve better health and safety
standards.
Audit: The formal process is specifically designed to determine the extent to which the
health and safety management system, or elements of it, are compliant with standards
(in place, adequate and effective)
Action for improvement: Health and safety management system audits and
management reviews should be established to ensure the management system
continues to be effective. Arrangements should be established to aid the continual
improvement of health and safety management system.
5. Outline the circumstances that may require a health and safety policy
to bereviewed.
(8) (2-7)
Technological changes, e.g. introduction of new plant or processes.
Organisational changes, e.g. changes to key personnel, such as a new CEO or MD, or
changes to the management structure of the organisation.
Legal changes, such as the introduction of new legislation applicable to the organisation.
Changes to the type of work that the organisation does.
Where an audit, investigation or risk assessment suggests the policy is no
longer effective.
When requested by a third party, such as an insurance company or client.
Following enforcement action.
Following consultation with the workforce.
After the passage of time (e.g. an annual review is a common practice).
Outline the health and safety roles and responsibilities of: (3-2)
(b) Supervisors;
-
(6)
To implement the safe system of work e.g. works to be carried out as per approved
system work.
To provide escorts to the visitors coming to the site.
To take reasonable care for all OSH matters of the employees working under
hissupervision.
To make sure that the employees with special risks like young workers, disabled and
pregnant ladies.
Conduct regular tool box talks and to communicate all the health and safety issues to
the workers.
To take initiatives in carrying out the jobs safely in consultation with the workers.
To be a part of team conducting risk assessments so that his knowledge and experience
will be helpful in foreseeing the risks associated with the activities.
To take disciplinary actions for all the breach of health and safety issues by theworkers.
To assist in solving issues regarding the safety of equipment at workplace.
Issue and ensure all personal protective equipment are used while at work and
aremaintained.
3.
Identify precautions that could be taken to help to ensure the health and safety
of visitors
to a workplace.
(8)
Identify visitors by signing in and out.
Provision of badges.
Provide escorts to supervise visitors throughout the site.
Restrict access to areas where higher risk activities take place.
Provide training related fire emergency procedure.
Provide suitable PPE to the visitors while they are inside the site visit.
Provide different reflective jacket to identify visitors clearly on site.
Identify a range of methods that an employer can use to provide health and safety
information directly to individualworkers
(8)
(3-16)
Notice boards;
Team Briefings;
Training Sessions (including induction training);
Tool box talks;
News letter;
Safety Campaign;
Posters;
Competition and signs;
One to One briefing such as in appraisal session.
4.
Outline why it is important that all persons are aware of their roles and responsibilities
for health and safety
in anorganization
(8)
(3-16)
5.
6.
By knowing their responsibilities is the right education and will preserve the employee
free from ill health.
The awareness shall protect themselves and those around them from harm.
The employees shall cooperate with employer including reporting any situation that
present imminent risk.
The employee shall actively participate and exercise all health and safety related
matters and committees.
The employee shall work towards and achieve the health and safety standards set by
the employer.
The employee to be familiar with occupational health and safety legislation compliance
while at work.
It will ensure them to keep the work place and the equipments are well maintained
without risk.
To avoid any misuse of workplace welfare facilities provided.
Two Organizations share the same worksite.
Outline how the organizations could work together to help ensure the workplace is safe andhealthy.
The organization should take as far as reasonably practicable to ensure competency of
its employees and is satisfied with the works that are being carried out properly.
Ensure there is full cooperation in order to discharge their duties under
good practiceor where appropriate relevant statutory provisions.
Proper risk assessment to be conducted and provision for serious and imminentdanger.
All the contractors should coordinate and cooperate where they have common
workplace to satisfy themselves that arrangements are adequate.
Organization should ensure that all relevant workers and in particular, competent
workers appointed are aware and fully take part.
To ensure the contractors must take reasonable steps to inform other employers
concerned of risks to their workers health or safety that may arise out of their scope
of work.
Organize and ensure that required first aid materials and first aider in place.
All the workers are trained for emergency procedure and hazardous present at site.
Ensure that quality of supervision is in place and the works which are carriedout are as
per the allowed system of work.
Give the meaning of
the termPerception
)
(3-13)
The meaning of the term Perception is the way that a person views a situation (or)
The ability to see, hear, or become aware of something through the senses.
(2
7.
8.
Identify ways in which workers perceptions of hazards in the work place might be
improved.
(6)
(3-15)
Providing appropriate information to workers.
By providing training
Instruction
By conducting Drills
Disciplinary actions
By providing Incentives
A serious accident has occurred. During the investigation it is found that aninspection of
the work site had taken place before the accident.
Outline possible reasons why the inspection did not lead to an unsafe situation being
corrected. (8 marks)
The possible reasons are
- Inspection was done by an incompetent person.
- Inspection did not identify the hazards which could have lead to the incident.
- Inspection must have done using an outdated checklist.
- The result of the inspection was not communicated to the management.
- Lack of management commitment to take necessary action to implement the control
measures identified in the inspection.
- Poor employees health and safety culture towards the identified control measures.
- The control measures recommended are not enough to eliminate the hazards
- Poor health and safety culture within the organization
9.
Good levels of supervision, health and safety informations and training which may affect
the health and safety awareness and therefore culture
No blame culture for reporting incidents
Good levels of communication, cooperation and control. Consultation and involvement of
the work force in health and safety matters.
Management commitment to health and safety, including formal aspects such as health
and safety policy, organizational structure and job descriptions
Clarification of responsibilities.
Adequate resources ( budget, people and facilities) made available for the effective
management of health and safety
Compliance with relevant health and safety law and the safety rules and procedures of
the organization.
Involving workers in health and safety decisions (by consultation, team meetings,
for example)
11. An organization needs to review its provision of health and safety training for
its workers.
a. Identify factors that should be considered when developing an extensive programme of
health and safety training. (In Test book go to page 320)
(8)
Type and function of the organisation.
Hazard and risk profile of the organisation, e.g. if woodworking machinery is used, training
in its safe use should be provided.
Accident history of the organisation, which may indicate areas where awareness is lacking
or training is needed.
Any statutory training requirements, e.g. for first aiders.
Level of training previously provided, together with the details of which employees have
been trained and when.
The type of chemicals or any other kind of hazardous chemicals in use.
Need for a third party training if required.
Legal requirements as well as statutory obligations in place.
b.
Identify measures that might be used to assess the effectiveness of health and safety
training. (In Test book go to page 3-20)
(4)
Reduction in accident and absence rates.
Increased awareness of the topic covered, e.g. an increased number of worker
comments/concerns highlighted.
Improved compliance to safe systems of work.
Post-training evaluation by trainers, the trainees themselves and their supervisors;
Levels of compliance with laid-down procedures (e.g. wearing PPE);
The results of attitude surveys;
Number of quality suggestion made, concerns raised by employees with respect to health
and safety.
c.
d.
It is important to keep records of any training given, not only to record who has been
trained but also to update and show progress against the training plan.
Training records should detail the level of competence achieved
The date of the training and highlight when any refresher training is required.
These records may be used to demonstrate to regulators that adequate training
was provided
To prove in a civil claim or an accident investigation that an employee had
received training.
To provide it to clients to conform competency of the staffs.
12. Identify factors that could have contributed to the deterioration of the health
and safety
culture within the organization. (In Test book go to page 36)
(6)
Lack of leadership from management.
Presence of a blame culture.
Lack of management commitment to safety (e.g. saying one thing and doing another).
Health and safety receiving lower priority than other business issues.
Organizational changes (frequent or poorly communicated change can result
in uncertainty).
High staff turnover rates.
Lack of resources, e.g. too few workers due to downsizing.
Lack of worker consultation.
Interpersonal issues, e.g. peer group pressure, bullying or harassment.
Poor management systems and procedures.
External influences, e.g. economic climate resulting in difficult operating conditions.
13. Identify how induction training programmes for new workers can help to reduce the
number of accidents in
the workplace.
(8)
Better understanding and involvement raises all workers job satisfaction resulting in
reduced accidents in work place.
Training would benefit the new workers to understand the system of work and
controlsneeded to reduce risk.
Training will help the new workers to understand the welfare arrangements aids health,
safety and hygiene.
Induction training allows workers to reach experienced workers standard more quickly.
Increases the flexibility of staff.
Induction training will help them to understand and evacuate the premises in case
ofemergencies.
Will help them to comply with health and safety requirements;
Induction training helps the new workers to understand the legislation requirements and
to avoid any legal or court fines.
Will help to increase the moral of the workforce.
14. Identify the barriers to effective verbal communication. (In Test book go to
16)
(6)
Language barrier may exist.
Jargon may not be understood.
Strong accent or dialect may interfere.
Background noise may interfere.
Recipient may have poor hearing.
Message may be ambiguous.
Recipient may miss information.
Recipient may forget information.
No written record as proof.
Poor transmission quality if by telephone or PA system.
page 3-
15. (a) Identify FOUR types of health and safety information that could be displayed on a
board within a workplace.
(page no:3-17)
(4)
Emergency procedures
Employers liability insurance
Health and safety policy
Safety representatives
First aiders
Minutes of safety committee meeting
First aid information
Accident statistics
Specific site hazards and controls
(b) Identify how the effectiveness of notice boards as a method of communicating health
and safety information
can beincreased.
(4)
Notice board information must be up to date and maintained in legitimate condition;
Notice board information should be written in appropriate language where the employees
can read and understand;
- Where possible provide pictures to describe the information which would make easy to understand
the issues correctly;
Information should be bold, clear and concise and easy to read and understand;
Provide work place incident / accident information with pictures;
Training schedule (both internal and external).
16. (a) Identify two main purpose of first aid treatment. (In Test book go to
23)
(2)
page 3-
Preserve life.
Prevent deterioration.
Promote recovery.
(b) Outline factors to be considered when carrying out an assessment of first aid
requirements in work place. (In Test book go to page 324)
(6)
Evaluate the risks and decide whether precautions are adequate or whether more should be done
(Likelihood* consequence)
Record the findings
Review the assessment and revise it if necessary
2.
Outline the factors to be considered when assessing the risk of long distance
transport vehicle driver.
(8)
The factors to be considered when assessing the risk of long distance transport vehicle driverare,
Duration of the journey
The demands of the road (complexity, road conditions etc.)
Means of communication and security issues
Physical fitness & health condition
Level of training provided
Valid driving license
Work Experience
Location & route map awareness
Vehicle physical fitness certificate
Vehicle - No near due for maintenance
Ergonomic factors (e.g. tail lifts)
Sufficient fuel availability
3.
(a) Explain, using the examples, the meaning of the term risk'. (4-7) (2) Risk is the likelihoodof the hazard will
cause harm in combination with severity of injury, damage or loss that might foreseeably occur.
Eg; the chances of someone are being killed by coming in to contact with electricity.
4.
(b) Outline the factors that should be considered when selecting individuals to assist
in carrying out risk assessment in the workplace.
(6) The factors to be
considered are
The level of training in health and safety generally, and in carrying out risk assessments in particular.
Experience of the process/ activity.
The possession of technical knowledge of the plant or equipment involved
The ability to interpret standards, regulations and guidance.
Communication and reporting skills
Commitment to the task and attention to detail.
Awareness of the individuals owns limitations and the occasions when specialist assistance might be required.
Accessing sources of information such as organizational or legislation, codes of practice andin- house
information, including accidents records.
Interpretation of any local regulations and standards.
Outline the criteria which must be met for the assessment to be suitable and sufficient.
(4) (4-9)
It should be good enough to fulfill legal requirements and prevent foreseeable injuries and ill health from
happening. In particular it should:
State the name and competence of the assessor
Identify the significant hazards and risks arising out of or connected with the work, i.e those which
are most likely to occur and result in harm being at an acceptable low level
Identify all those persons who could be at risk, including workers and others such as visitors. Vulnerable people
such as young people should also be identified.
Evaluate the effectiveness of current controls.
Identify other protective measures that are required to control the risk to an acceptable level.
Record the significant findings of the risk assessment.
Be appropriate to the nature of the work and remain proportionate to the risks.
State the period of time for which it is likely to remain valid.
5. (a) Identify work activities that may present a particular risk to pregnant women at
work AND give an example of EACH type of activity. (In the test book page no 4-16) (6)
8.
National and international regulatory bodies, e.g. HSE in the UK, OSHA in Europe
Manufacturers operating instructions.
Trade associations.
Safety journals and magazines.
Outline information that should be given to employees in a training session on a safe system ofwork. (In the test
book page no : 4-27)
(8)
Type of task being undertaken:
Analysis can be provided through job safety analysis (the SREDIM method mentioned earlier). Select the
task to be analyzed. Record the steps or stages ofthe task. Evaluate the risks associated with each step. Develop
the safe working method. Implement the safe working method. Monitor to ensure it is effective.
What equipment and materials are required for the task:
The equipments which we are using for that process present some hazards naturally, we want to identify
those hazards and implement some control measures in order to avoid those hazards.
Who will be carrying out the work:
Who will carry out this task and how many of them are involving in thattask.
What is their experience/knowledge level. Are there vulnerable persons involved ornot.
What are the hazards associated with the job:
The type of hazards associated with the work and whether the worker has undergone any training
in identifying those hazards.
What controls are recommended by the manufacturer:
For the above identified hazards what is the control measure taken in order to minimize the
hazards or some control measure that can be given by themanufacturer.
What emergency provision is in place Are the control measures adequate or are additional controls needed.
How will the system of work be monitored.
9. An organization has had an increase in the number of manual handling accidents and associated ill health.
Identify the sources of information that may be available to help to reduce the risks to the workers.
OR
The number of absences due to work-related upper limb disorders in an organization is
increasing.Identify possible sources of information that could be used when investigating the increase in
absences.
Statutory instruments
ACOPs and HSE guidelines
Manufacturers information
European and international official standards
Industry or trade literature
Result of risk assessments
Accident statistics and health/medical surveillance records
The employees involved
Enforcement agencies and other experts.
(2)
The hierarchy of control is a concept used a great deal in health and safety. It is a list ofoptions in
order of importance, effectiveness or priority, written so that the most extreme and effectivemethod of control is
at the top of the hierarchy, with the least effective at the bottom.
(b) Outline, with examples, the standard hierarchy that should be applied with respect to controlling H & S risks in
the workplace.
Elimination
If a hazard can be eliminated then the risk created by that hazard disappears. For example,an assembly
workshop could stop welding steel in order to avoid the risks inherent in welding operations, and could buy in
pre-fabricated metal components.
Substitution
Sometimes hazard elimination cannot be achieved, but it is possible to substitute one hazard with
another that creates less risk. For example, one hazardous substance classified as toxic (i.e. lethal in small
doses) is substituted with one that is irritant.
Engineering Controls
Engineering controls involve the use of an engineering solution to prevent exposure to thehazard.
This might be done by:
Isolation or total enclosure - the aim here is to isolate the hazard physically so that nobody is exposed to it.
This might be done by total enclosure or containment of the hazard, e.g. total enclosureof a process which
generates dust to prevent its acoustic enclosure of a noisy machine to reduce the noise exposure of those nearby
Separation or segregation - simply placing the hazard in an inaccessible location. An example would be
overhead wires where an electrical conductor has been placed out of reach. In this case, precautions have to be
taken to ensure that safe distances are maintained at all times (e.g. the use of goalposts to warn plant
operators on a construction site of the safety distances for live electricaloverheads).
Partial enclosure e.g. a hazardous substance might be handled in a fume hood or partial enclosure which the
worker can reach into for handling purposes. Air is extracted from the top or back of this partial enclosure so
that any airborne contaminants is extracted from the enclosure away from the worker. Administrative Controls
Administrative controls are those that rely on procedures and behaviour, such as:
Safe Systems of Work:
A safe system of work is a formal procedure which defines a method of working that
eliminateshazards or minimizes the risks associated with them. Safe systems of work are necessary whenever
hazards cannot be physically eliminated and some element of risk remains.
Reduce time of exposure - many health hazards in the workplace cause a degree of harm that is
entirely dependent on the dose that a worker receives, e.g. the harm caused by noise, vibration,
radiation and most hazardous chemicals (such as lead).
Time of exposure.
For example, the harm to hearing caused by exposure to loud noise is entirely determined by thenoise intensity
(measured in decibels) and the duration of exposure:
Personal Protective Equipments:
There are instances where none of the above control measures can be used and there are times when
some of them can, but residual risk still remains. If this is the case then it may be necessary to use personal
protective equipment (PPE). Many different types of PPE are available, such as:
Ear defenders for noise.
Gloves to prevent contact with substances hazardous to the skin.
Respiratory protection against substances hazardous by inhalation (breathing in).
Eye protection against splashes of chemicals and molten metals, mists, sprays and dusts, projectiles and radiation
including bright lights.
14. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) should only be considered after other control measures have been found to
be ineffective or not practicable.
Give reasons why PPE should be considered only after other control measures. (In the test book page no: 4-22)
It does not remove the hazard so should be used when other control measures have been exhausted.
It only protects one person the wearer. Also its correct use relies on the wearer so training in correct use
is necessary.
It may not protect adequately if it is not fitted correctly or the wrong PPE is selected.
It may not be comfortable and may interfere with the wearers ability to do the job.
It may increase overall risk by impairing the senses (e.g. goggles that mist up, hearing protection
that masks sounds like fire alarms).
It may not be compatible with other items that have to be worn or used. Fit is also affected by personal features
such as beards and spectacles. If it fails it fails to danger. It may be contaminated if not stored correctly.
People often do not like wearing PPE so it may not be worn. PPE may be more expensive than addressing the
hazard at source.
15. (a) Give the meaning of the term permit to work. (In the test book page no: 4-31)
A permit-to-work (PTW) system is a formal, documented safety procedure, forming part of a safe
system of work, which ensures that all necessary actions are taken before, during and after particularly high
risk work.
(b) Identify THREE types of work that may require a permit to work AND Give/Outline the reasons why in
each case. (In the test book page no: 4-33)
Hot Work:
Permit systems are commonly used to control hot work where naked flames will be used (e.g. propane,
butane or oxy-acetylene torches) or where a significant ignition source will be created (e.g.
welding or grinding operations).
Typical precautions for control of hot work:
Flammable materials are removed from the work area.
Items that cannot be removed are covered with fire retardant blankets.
Floor is swept clean.
A suitable fire extinguisher is at hand.
A fire-watcher is present in the area
Wooden floor is damped down.
Work on Live Electrical Systems:
The high risk associated with working on or near live electrical systems means that this type of work is
usually subject to permit control. In particular, permits are usual forwork on or near high voltage systems.
A permit system is used to ensure that:
Working live is justified (i.e. it is not possible to work with the power off).
All precautions are in place.
18. Identify the factors to be considered to help reduce the risk to workers required to work alone. (Inthe test book
page no 4-29)
Various control measures may have to be implemented in the safe system of work:
No lone working for certain high risk activities (such as confined space entry).
Arrangements for remote supervision.
Procedures for logging workers locations when lone working.
The use of mobile phones or radios to ensure good communications.
The issue of lone worker alarm systems to raise the alarm and pin-point the worker.
Procedures to be adopted by workers when lone working.
Emergency procedures.
Training for workers in those procedures.
1.
Element 5: Health and Safety Management systems 4- Measuring, Audit and Review
(a) Outline the key features of:
i.
A health and safety inspection; (In the test book page no: 5-2)
(4)
The key features of health and safety inspections are; the straightforward observation of a work place,
and/or the activities or requirement within it. A general safety inspection, usually carried out by a
manager or employee representative and often aided by the use of a checklist, may be carried out routinely and
has the aim of identifying hazards and assessing the use and effectiveness of control measures.
ii.
regulatory requirements. This also increases the moral of the workforce. By doing an audit lapses in the
exiting polices and procedures could be identified and make necessary changes to the existingsystem. It
will
also help to decide whether a change is also required in the current risk assessments ornot.
2. Identify the:
(a) Active (proactive);
Safety inspection
Safety sampling
Safety tour
Safety survey
Safety audit
(4)
(4)
4.
5.
Reactive Monitoring.
(2)
Reactive monitoring is about measuring safety performance by reference toaccidents, incidents and illhealth that have already occurred. Reactive measures therefore include measures of incident types and frequency
rates, sickness absence rates, number of reported near miss events and property damage incidents, etc.
Identify documents that could be examined when reviewing an organizations health and safety audit. (8) (In
the test book page no: 5-9)
Health and safety policy.
Risk assessments and safe systems of work.
Training records.
Minutes of safety committee meetings.
Maintenance records and details of failures.
Records of health and safety monitoring activities, e.g. tours, inspections, surveys, etc.
Accident investigation reports and data including near miss information.
Emergency arrangements.
Inspection reports from insurance companies, etc.
Output from regulator visits, e.g. visit reports, enforcement actions, etc.
Records of worker complaints.
Identify the advantages AND disadvantages of carrying out a health and safety auditof an organizations
activities by:
(i) An internal auditor. (4) (In the test book page no: 5-10)
Advantages:
Less expensive.
Auditors already familiar with the workplace and what is practicable for the industry.
Give two strengths of using a checklist when carrying out an inspection. (Test book page no: 5-4) (2)
It does not require particular expertise for the user since normally it contains the tick boxes to fill
It is ready to use recipe rather than wasting time in getting the site known where it can be used
It gives a generic view of the processes happening at the site
7.
a.
Give two weaknesses of using a checklist when carrying out an inspection. (2)
It needs to be updated especially after the introduction of new technology, process etc
Irrelevant information sometimes in the checklist
Sometimes not covering the grey areas which can lead to major accident
8. A Worker has been seriously injured after being struck by a reversing vehicle in a loading bay
Give four reasons why the accident should be investigated by the persons employer. (4) The main reasons for
investigating the accidents are,
Facilitating compliance with legal obligations.
In order to find the root cause and prevent it from happening again.
Collecting evidence to defend a civil claim, where applicable.
Determining economic loss.
Demonstrating management commitment to occupational health and safety.
b. Outline information that should be included in the investigation report.
(8)
Date and type of the incident.
Location of the incident.
Details of the injured person (Name, role, work etc)
Details of injury sustained.
Description of the activity being carried out at the time.
Drawings or photographs used to convey information on the scene.
Immediate and root cause of the incident.
Assessment of any breaches of legislation
Details of witness and witness statement.
Recommended corrective actions, with suggested costs, responsibilities and time scale.
Estimation of the cost implications for the organization.
c. Outline:
Four possible immediate causes (In the test book page no: 5-14) Possible immediate causes are;
Mechanical failure.
9. (a) Outline why an organization should have a system for internal reporting of accidents. (page no: 5- 12) (4)
The compilation of accident statistics and identifying trends
To meet the requirements of the Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 1995
Investigations may be carried out to prevent future occurrences
Use in civil claims or to satisfy insurance requirements
Help in the identification and reduction of loss
Inform the review of risk assessments
(b) Identify why workers might not report accidents at work. (page no : 5-17) (4)
Unclear organizational policy on reporting incidents.
No reporting system in place.
Culture of not reporting incidents (perhaps due to peer pressure).
Overly-complicated reporting procedures.
Excessive paperwork.
Takes too much time.
Blame culture.
Apathy due to managements perceived response in the past.
Concern over the impact on the company or departmental safety statistics (especially if this is linked to an
incentive scheme).
Reluctance to receive first-aid treatment
10. Identify the immediate AND longer term actions that should be taken following an accident at work that has
caused serious injury to worker.
The actions that may required after an accident such as:
Informing the next kin and preserving the scene of the accident.
Identifying witnesses.
Undertaking an investigation.