ATOMIC STRUCTURE & BONDING

ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES

QUESTIONSHEET 1
(a)

(b)

oxygen 2 6 (0)
sulphur 2 8 6

1
1

(i)
8P
8N

(ii)

protons
1
4
correct nucleus
26
correct electronic arrangement
53
34
lose 6 electrons

neutrons
0
5
30
74
45

electrons
0
2
23
54
36

1
1
1
1

gain 2 electrons
(c)

(i)

(ii)

chlorine radicals have unpaired electrons

are chlorine atoms
OR
chlorine molecules have no unpaired electrons
are pairs of chlorine atoms

1
1

CFCs/chlorofluorocarbons
(NOT aerosols, fridges etc as these are not substances)

1
1

TOTAL

ATOMIC STRUCTURE & BONDING

ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES
QUESTIONSHEET 3
(a)

(i)

relative atomic mass/mass number = 40

atomic number/proton number = 20

1
1

(ii)

protons 20
neutrons 20
electrons 20

1
1
1

(b)

mark each
rounded to whole number
TOTAL 13

QUESTIONSHEET 4

(a)
10P
10N

(b)

correct and same electronic arrangement

correct and same protons in each
correct neutrons

1
1
1

90/100 20 = 18
10/100 22 = 2.2
relative atomic mass = 18 + 2.2 = 20.2
(correct answer alone scores 3)

1
1
1

Note:

(c)

10P
12N

that the answer alone scores full marks. Always show working as an incorrect
answer with no working will score zero. Correct working will gain some marks.

all chemical properties are the same

chemical properties depend on number of electrons
electrons are the same in both isotopes

1
1
1
TOTAL

ATOMIC STRUCTURE & BONDING

ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES
QUESTIONSHEET 5
(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(i)

18

(ii)

argon

(i)

20

(ii)

Calcium ion/Ca2+

(i)

1/ one

(ii)

20

(i)

7/ seven

(ii)

37

TOTAL

TOTAL

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
7

ATOMIC STRUCTURE & BONDING

ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES
QUESTIONSHEET 7
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)

B
E
A
F
A
B & C/C & B
D & E/E & D/D & F/F & D

QUESTIONSHEET 8
(a)

(b)

(i)

2,8,8,2

(ii)

2,8,7

(i)

atoms become stable by obtaining full outer shells

calcium loses 2 electrons
chlorine gains one electron
electrons transferred from calcium atoms to chlorine atoms

1
1
1
1

(ii)

Ca2+, Cl

(iii)

CaCl2

(c)

ionic bonds/forces between ions/particles are very strong

they take a lot of energy to break/overcome

1
1
TOTAL

11

QUESTIONSHEET 9
(a)
(b)

covalent

(i)

bonds between atoms are very strong

require a lot of energy to break

1
1

(ii)

atoms arranged in layers

forces between layers weak/layers slide past each other easily

1
1

free electrons
move along the layers

1
1

(c)

TOTAL

QUESTIONSHEET 11
(a)

(b)

(i)

2,8,1

(ii)

2,8,7

(i)

Na+

(ii)

Cl

NaCl

(i)

ions able to move freely

(ii)

melt it

(i)

inert/noble gas/ Group 0

(ii)

has a full outer shell

(c)
(d)

(e)

TOTAL

ATOMIC STRUCTURE & BONDING

ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES
QUESTIONSHEET 12
(a)

(b)

(c)

(i)

two sodium with 1+ needed to cancel 2- in sulphate

Na2SO4

1
1

(ii)

one potassium with 1+ needed to cancel 1- in nitrate

KNO3

1
1

(iii)

one calcium 2+ needed to cancel 1- in two chlorines

CaC12

1
1

(iv)

one magnesium 2+ needed for two nitrates 1Mg(NO3) 2

1
1

(v)

one potassium 1+ needed for one chloride 1KC1

1
1

(i)

ionic

(ii)

electrons are transferred from one atom

to another

1
1

(i)

I-

(ii)

Sr2+

(iii)

SrI2

1
TOTAL 16

ATOMIC STRUCTURE & BONDING

QUESTIONSHEET 14
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)

A & E/E & A

B
B & D/D & B
C
F
E
F

2
1
2
1
1
1
1

Note: that you may use each atom once, more than once or not at all. This is sometimes stated on the
question paper. Students often go wrong by thinking that they must use all the alternatives at
some point in the answer.
TOTAL

ATOMIC STRUCTURE & BONDING

ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES
QUESTIONSHEET 16
(a)

(i)

nucleus

(ii)

protons
neutrons

1
1

(iii)

positive/+/+12

12

(ii)

2,8,2

(i)

two/2/II
has two electrons in outer shell

1
1

(ii)

three/3/III
outer electrons in third shell/energy level

1
1

(b) (i)

(c)

TOTAL 10

ATOMIC STRUCTURE & BONDING

ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES
QUESTIONSHEET 17
(a)

(b)

(i)

K2O

(ii)

MgO

(iii)

Al2O3

(i)

FeO
Fe2O3

1
1

(ii)

iron(II) oxide & iron(III) oxide

1
TOTAL

QUESTIONSHEET 18
(a)

(b)

(c)

(i)

sodium chloride

(ii)

sodium sulphate

(iii)

sodium hydrogencarbonate

(i)

sodium sulphate/ Na2SO4

(ii)

(i)

sodium hydrogencarbonate/ NaHCO3

(ii)

sodium (no marks as given in question)

hydrogen
carbon
oxygen

1
1
1
TOTAL 9

QUESTIONSHEET 20
one mark each
Name of element
symbol
mass number
atomic number
number of neutrons

neon
Ne
20
10
10

magnesium
Mg
24
12
12

sodium
Na
23
11
12

nitrogen
N
14
7
7

carbon
C
12
6
6

TOTAL