active learning - C.

Bonwell

pedagogical content knoweldge - LeeSchulman

classification of educational objectives Benjamin Bloom

pragmatism - John Dewey

multiethnic educaiton - James Banks

critical pedagogy - Paulo Freire

science/technology/society - Robert Yager

cognitive dissonance theory - Elliot Aronson

cognitive learning theory -Jerome Bruner

social cognitive theory and self-efficacy - Albert

Bandura

computer based learning Robert Gagn

social cognition - Lev S. Vygotsky

conditions of learning - Robert Gagn

subsumption theory, advance organizers - David

Ausubel

constructionism - Seymour Papert

constructivism - Jean Piaget

discovery learning - Jerome Bruner

Albert Bandura Observational Learning Theory--

discovery learning - Seymour Papert

Behavior can be learned through observation of others.

discovery learning Jean Piaget

educational equity - Linda Darling-Hammond

educational progressivism - John Dewey

Individuals actively construct knowledge by comparing

new ideas or concepts with their current knowledge
(schema or mental models).

experiential learning theory - David Kolb

guided discovery - Ann Brown

how people learn - John D. Bransford

Learning styles: Visual, Auditory, Reading,

Kinesthetic - Neil Flemming

Educational Learning Theories and Theorists

Jerome Bruner Constructivist Theory--

John Dewey Learning by Doing--

learning styles - Anthony Gregorc

mastery-learning- Benjamin Bloom

measurement of intelligence - Alfred Binet

metacognition - Ann Brown

Learning occurs through experience.

Jean Piaget Genetic Epistemology-Developmental stages of child development:

0-2 years: "sensorimotor" - motor development
3-7 years: "preoperation" - intuitive
8-11 years: "concrete operational" - logical, but nonabstract
12-15 years: "formal operations" - abstract thinking

metacognition - John Flavell

Lev Vygotsky Social Development Theory and ZPD--

multicultural education - Donna Golnick

multiple intelligences - Howard Gardner

Social interaction is critical for cognitive development.

Related to this is the idea of a "Zone of Proximal
Development (ZPD)." Some skills, an individual can
perform independently. Other skills can be performed if
the individual has assistance. Skills that can be

performed with assistance are said to be within an

individual's ZPD. The ZPD is the theoretical basis for
scaffolding.

primary aim of Gilligan's new studies is to demonstrate

that Level Three thinking is, after all, the kind of thinking
that should guide moral deliberation.

Howard Gardner Multiple Intelligences--

Madeline Hunter Instructional Theory into Practice

Teaching Model--

Each individual possesses seven distinct and

measurable forms of intelligence: linguistic, logicalmathematical, spatial, body-kinesthetic, musical,
intrapersonal, and interpersonal.

Abraham Maslow Hierarchy of Needs -Humans naturally strive to satisfy needs. The five levels
of needs, from lowest to highest, are:
physiological, safety, love, esteem, self-actualization.
Lower level needs must be satisfied before the individual
can move on to satisfy higher level needs.

B.F. Skinner Operant Conditioning (Behaviorism)-Learning is the result of changes in behavior. As

stimulus-response cycles are reinforced, individuals are
"conditioned" to respond. Distinguished from
Connectionism because individuals can initiate
responses, not merely respond to stimuli.

Erik Erikson Socioemotional Development-Erikson's "Eight Stages of Man" describes a series of

crises individuals pass through at different ages. The
stages begin with "trust versus mistrust" in infancy and
continue through a series of paired outcomes for each
age through older adulthood.

Lawrence Kohlberg Stages of Moral Development-Pre-Conventional - based on self-centered interests

Conventional - based on conformity to local expectations
Post-Conventional - based on higher principles

Carol Gilligan Ethical relationships-Gilligan stresses that unlike today's women who can
speak the moral language of justice and rights nearly as
fluently as the moral language of care and
responsibilities, today's boys and men still find it very
hard to articulate their moral concerns in anything other
than the moral language of justice and rights. The

Hunter identified seven components for teaching:

1.knowledge of human growth and development,
2.content, 3.classroom management, 4.materials,
5.planning, 6.human relations, 7.instructional skills

Hunter also developed a direct instructional model and

elements of effective instruction.
The instructional model has seven components:
1.objectives, 2.standards, 3.anticipatory set, 4.teaching
(input, modeling, checking for understanding), 5.guided
practice/monitoring, 6.closure, 7.independent practice

David Ausubel Subsumption Theory-Mechanism by which new material presented in

academic settings (lectures) can be integrated into
existing mental structures. For subsumption to occur, the
presentation of new knowledge should be preceded by
"advance organizers."

PARADIGMS

Behaviorism

Separation-Individuation Theory of Child Development

(Mahler)
BEHAVIORIST THEORIES

Cognitivism
Constructivism
Design-Based
Humanism
21st Century Skills
CONSTRUCTIVIST, SOCIAL AND SITUATIONAL
THEORIES

Behaviorism Overview
Classical Conditioning (Pavlov)
GOMS Model (Card, Moran, and Newell)
Operant Conditioning (Skinner)
Psychological Behaviorism (Staats) NEW!
Social Learning Theory (Bandura)
MOTIVATION AND HUMANIST THEORIES

Constructivism Overview
Anchored Instruction (Bransford)

Humanism Overview

Cognitive Apprenticeship (Collins et al.)

ARCS Model of Motivational Design (Keller)

Cognitive Dissonance (Festinger) NEW!

Emotional Intelligence (Goleman)

Communities of Practice (Lave and Wenger)

Experiential Learning (Kolb)

Connectivism (Siemens, Downes)

Flow (Csikszentmihalyi)

Discovery Learning (Bruner)

Grit (Duckworth, Matthews, Kelly, Peterson)

Multiliteracies (New London Group)

Intrinsically Motivating Instruction (Malone)

Semiotics (deSaussure, Barthes, Bakhtin)

Maslows Hierarchy of Needs (Maslow)

Social Development Theory (Vygotsky)

Positive Psychology / PERMA Theory (Seligman) NEW!

Problem-Based Learning (PBL)

Self-Determination Theory (Deci and Ryan)

Situated Learning (Lave)

IDENTITY THEORIES

DESCRIPTIVE AND META THEORIES

Activity Theory (Vygotsky, Leontev, Luria, Engstrom,
etc.)
Actor-Network Theory (Latour, Callon)
Blooms Taxonomy (Bloom)
Distributed Cognition (Hutchins)
Social Network Analysis (Scott, Prell)
CHILD DEVELOPMENT THEORIES

Attachment Theory (Bowlby)

Eriksons Stages of Development (Erikson)

Identity Status Theory (Marcia)
Mindset: Fixed vs. Growth Mindset (Dweck) NEW!
Narcissism (Kernberg) NEW!
Self-Perception Theory (Bem) NEW!
Self-Theories: Entity and Incremental Theory (Dweck)
Social Identity Theory (Tajfel, Turner) NEW!
MISCELLANEOUS LEARNING THEORIES AND
MODELS

Cognitive Tools Theory (Egan)

Object Relations Theory (Klein)

Affordance Theory (Gibson)

Montessori Method (Montessori)

Multiple Intelligences Theory (Gardner)

Systems Thinking NEW!

Design-Based Research Overview

21st Century Skills (P21 and Others)

ADDIE Model of Instructional Design

COGNITIVIST THEORIES

ARCS Model of Motivational Design (Keller)

Elaboration Theory (Reigeluth)

Cognitivism Overview

Learner-Centered Design (Soloway, Guzdian, Hay)

Attribution Theory (Weiner)

Multimodality (Kress)

Cognitive Load Theory (Sweller)

MEDIA AND TECHNOLOGY THEORIES

Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning (Mayer)

Elaboration Theory (Reigeluth)

Digital Citizenship

Expertise Theory (Ericsson, Gladwell) NEW!

Dopamine, Games and Motivation NEW!

Functional Context Theory (Sticht)

Educational Robotics and Constructionism (Papert)

NEW!

Gestalt Theory (von Ehrenfels)

Information Processing Theory
Situated Cognition (Brown, Collins & Duguid)
Stage Theory of Cognitive Development (Piaget)
Theory of Mind, Empathy, Mindblindness (Premack,
Woodruff, Perner, Wimmer) NEW!
DESIGN THEORIES AND MODELS

E-Learning Theory (Mayer, Sweller, Moreno) NEW!

Game Reward Systems NEW!
Gamification in Education NEW!
Online Collaborative Learning (Harasim)
Online Disinhibition Effect (Suler)
Uses and Gratification Theory NEW!