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0 INTRODUCTION
All building needs water supply system and al water supply system
contains information on the design, installation and maintenance of
individual home sewage treatment system. It is meant to be homeowner
references document. An individual sewage system both treats and
disposes of household wastewater. If a homeowner understands how the
various components of a home sewage system work, then a property
designed and installed system will function for many years with a
minimum of maintenance and upkeep.
Home wastewater enter the septic tank, which separates solids from
liquids. Solids are held in the septic tank and liquid are conveyed to the
final soil treatment site. The septic tank is a bioreactor where
microorganisms break down organic matter in the wastewater to liquids,
gases and solids. Gases are vented off through the houses vent stack.
Solids are composed of both scum and sludge. Scum is lighter than
water and sink to the bottom of the tank. Bacteria feed on the wastes
and the fraction that cant be decomposed is sludge. Sludge
accumulates in the bottom of the septic tank and must be removed
periodically.
The five parts of a sewage disposal system are the house plumbing,
the sewer line from house to septic tank, the septic tank outlet sewer
pipe and the final soil treatment unit. In some countries, a permit is
required before constructing a new home sewage treatment system or
when repairing an existing system.